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Scandal, Child Punishment and Policy Making in the Early Years of the New Poor Law Workhouse System
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Lincoln Institutional Repository ‘Great inhumanity’: Scandal, child punishment and policy making in the early years of the New Poor Law workhouse system SAMANTHA A. SHAVE UNIVERSITY OF LINCOLN ABSTRACT New Poor Law scandals have usually been examined either to demonstrate the cruelty of the workhouse regime or to illustrate the failings or brutality of union staff. Recent research has used these and similar moments of crisis to explore the relationship between local and central levels of welfare administration (the Boards of Guardians in unions across England and Wales and the Poor Law Commission in Somerset House in London) and how scandals in particular were pivotal in the development of further policies. This article examines both the inter-local and local-centre tensions and policy conseQuences of the Droxford Union and Fareham Union scandal (1836-37) which exposed the severity of workhouse punishments towards three young children. The paper illustrates the complexities of union co-operation and, as a result of the escalation of public knowledge into the cruelties and investigations thereafter, how the vested interests of individuals within a system manifested themselves in particular (in)actions and viewpoints. While the Commission was a reactive and flexible welfare authority, producing new policies and procedures in the aftermath of crises, the policies developed after this particular scandal made union staff, rather than the welfare system as a whole, individually responsible for the maltreatment and neglect of the poor. 1. Introduction Within the New Poor Law Union workhouse, inmates depended on the poor law for their complete subsistence: a roof, a bed, food, work and, for the young, an education. -
Vagrants and Vagrancy in England, 1485-1553
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1986 Basilisks of the Commonwealth: Vagrants and Vagrancy in England, 1485-1553 Christopher Thomas Daly College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Daly, Christopher Thomas, "Basilisks of the Commonwealth: Vagrants and Vagrancy in England, 1485-1553" (1986). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625366. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-y42p-8r81 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BASILISKS OF THE COMMONWEALTH: Vagrants and Vagrancy in England, 1485-1553 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts fcy Christopher T. Daly 1986 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts . s F J i z L s _____________ Author Approved, August 1986 James L. Axtell Dale E. Hoak JamesEL McCord, IjrT DEDICATION To my brother, grandmother, mother and father, with love and respect. iii TABLE OE CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................. v ABSTRACT.......................................... vi INTRODUCTION ...................................... 2 CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM OE VAGRANCY AND GOVERNMENTAL RESPONSES TO IT, 1485-1553 7 CHAPTER II. -
MILKWOOD Kirkurd • Nr Blyth Bridge • Peeblesshire • EH46 7AH
MILKWOOD KirKurd • Nr Blyth Bridge • PeeBlesshire • EH46 7Ah MILKWOOD KirKurd • Nr Blyth Bridge PeeBlesshire • EH46 7Ah Spacious family home set in beautiful rolling countryside West Linton 5 miles, Biggar 7 miles, Peebles 10 miles, Edinburgh 21 miles (all distances are approximate) = Porch, entrance hall, WC, cloakroom, dining room, kitchen/breakfast room with sitting area, larder, utility room, living room Suite comprising of sitting room and bedroom with en suite shower room Three bedrooms, family bathroom, master bedroom with en suite shower room, dressing room and box room Double garage, boiler room, conservatory Patio, loggia, ponds, gardens EPC Rating = D About 0.21 acres in all Savills Edinburgh Wemyss House 8 Wemyss Place, Edinburgh EH3 6DH 0131 247 3700 [email protected] VIEWING Strictly by appointment with Savills - 0131 247 3700. DIRECTIONS Take the A701 south from the Edinburgh City Bypass. At the Gowkley Moss Roundabout take the second exit and follow the signs for the B7026. At the Leadburn junction continue straight over onto the A701. Immediately after passing through Blyth Bridge take a left hand turn onto the A72 towards Peebles. After about 200 yards take the first road on the right, signposted for Kirkurd, travel uphill for about 150 yards and the entrance to Milkwood is facing you. SITUATION Surrounded by rolling open countryside, Milkwood is situated in a pleasantly rural, yet accessible location. The house is amongst a small hamlet of properties, just outside the village of Blyth Bridge, and has easily accessible routes into Peebles, Biggar and Edinburgh. The Edinburgh City Bypass is about 21 miles away and provides access to all the services Edinburgh has to offer, including the railway network, international airport and private schooling. -
Women in the Rural Society of South-West Wales, C.1780-1870
_________________________________________________________________________Swansea University E-Theses Women in the rural society of south-west Wales, c.1780-1870. Thomas, Wilma R How to cite: _________________________________________________________________________ Thomas, Wilma R (2003) Women in the rural society of south-west Wales, c.1780-1870.. thesis, Swansea University. http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42585 Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author. Authors are personally responsible for adhering to copyright and publisher restrictions when uploading content to the repository. Please link to the metadata record in the Swansea University repository, Cronfa (link given in the citation reference above.) http://www.swansea.ac.uk/library/researchsupport/ris-support/ Women in the Rural Society of south-west Wales, c.1780-1870 Wilma R. Thomas Submitted to the University of Wales in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of History University of Wales Swansea 2003 ProQuest Number: 10805343 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
The Poor Law of 1601
Tit) POOR LA.v OF 1601 with 3oms coi3ii3rat,ion of MODSRN Of t3l9 POOR -i. -S. -* CH a i^ 3 B oone. '°l<g BU 2502377 2 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 1. Introductory. * E. Poor Relief before the Tudor period w 3. The need for re-organisation. * 4. The Great Poor La* of 1601. w 5. Historical Sketch. 1601-1909. " 6. 1909 and after. Note. The small figares occurring in the text refer to notes appended to each chapter. Chapter 1. .Introductory.. In an age of stress and upheaval, institutions and 9 systems which we have come to take for granted are subjected to a searching test, which, though more violent, can scarcely fail to be more valuable than the criticism of more normal times. A reconstruction of our educational system seems inevitable after the present struggle; in fact new schemes have already been set forth by accredited organisations such as the national Union of Teachers and the Workers' Educational Association. V/ith the other subjects in the curriculum of the schools, History will have to stand on its defence. -
Caring for the Poor, Sick and Needy. a Brief History of Poor Relief in Scotland
Caring for the poor, sick and needy. A brief history of poor relief in Scotland Aberdeen City Archives Contents 1. A brief history of poor relief up to 1845 2. A brief history of poor relief after 1845 3. Records of poor relief in Scotland: a. Parochial Board/Parish Council Minute Books b. Records of Applications c. General Registers of the Poor d. Children’s Separate Registers e. Register of Guardians f. Assessment Rolls g. Public Assistance Committee Minutes 4. Records for Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire 5. Further Reading 2 1. A brief history of poor relief up until 1845 The first acts of parliament to deal with the relief of the poor were passed in 1424. Most of these and subsequent acts passed in the 15th and 16th centuries. dealt with beggars and little information on individuals survives from this time. After the Reformation, the responsibility for the poor fell to the parish jointly through the heritors, landowners and officials within burghs who were expected to make provision for the poor and were also responsible for the parish school til 1872 and the church and manse til 1925, and the Kirk Sessions (the decision making body of the (or local court) of the parish church, made up of a group of elders, and convened (chaired) by a minister. The heritors often made voluntary contributions to the poor fund in preference of being assessed, and the kirk sessions raised money for the poor from fines, payments for carrying out marriages, baptisms, and funerals, donations, hearse hiring, interest on money lent, rent incomes and church collections. -
ARCHITECTURE, POWER, and POVERTY Emergence of the Union
ARCHITECTURE, POWER, AND POVERTY Emergence of the Union Workhouse Apparatus in the Early Nineteenth-Century England A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Gökhan Kodalak January 2015 2015, Gökhan Kodalak ABSTRACT This essay is about the interaction of architecture, power, and poverty. It is about the formative process of the union workhouse apparatus in the early nineteenth-century England, which is defined as a tripartite combination of institutional, architectural, and everyday mechanisms consisting of: legislators, official Poor Law discourse, and administrative networks; architects, workhouse buildings, and their reception in professional journals and popular media; and paupers, their everyday interactions, and ways of self-expression such as workhouse ward graffiti. A cross-scalar research is utilized throughout the essay to explore how the union workhouse apparatus came to be, how it disseminated in such a dramatic speed throughout the entire nation, how it shaped the treatment of pauperism as an experiment for the modern body-politic through the peculiar machinery of architecture, and how it functioned in local instances following the case study of Andover union workhouse. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Gökhan Kodalak is a PhD candidate in the program of History of Architecture and Urbanism at Cornell University. He received his bachelor’s degree in architectural design in 2007, and his master’s degree in architectural theory and history in 2011, both from Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul. He is a co-founding partner of ABOUTBLANK, an inter-disciplinary architecture office located in Istanbul, and has designed a number of award-winning architectural and urban design projects in national and international platforms. -
Almshouse, Workhouse, Outdoor Relief: Responses to the Poor in Southeastern Massachusetts, 1740-1800” Historical Journal of Massachusetts Volume 31, No
Jennifer Turner, “Almshouse, Workhouse, Outdoor Relief: Responses to the Poor in Southeastern Massachusetts, 1740-1800” Historical Journal of Massachusetts Volume 31, No. 2 (Summer 2003). Published by: Institute for Massachusetts Studies and Westfield State University You may use content in this archive for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the Historical Journal of Massachusetts regarding any further use of this work: [email protected] Funding for digitization of issues was provided through a generous grant from MassHumanities. Some digitized versions of the articles have been reformatted from their original, published appearance. When citing, please give the original print source (volume/ number/ date) but add "retrieved from HJM's online archive at http://www.westfield.ma.edu/mhj. Editor, Historical Journal of Massachusetts c/o Westfield State University 577 Western Ave. Westfield MA 01086 Almshouse, Workhouse, Outdoor Relief: Responses to the Poor in Southeastern Massachusetts, 1740-1800 By Jennifer Turner In Duxbury, Massachusetts, local folklore emphasizes that before the current Surplus Street was named, it was called Poverty Lane because it led to the “poor” farm, and before it was Poverty Lane, local residents knew it as Folly Street, over which one’s folly led to the Almshouse.1 Although such local folklore suggests a rather stringent attitude towards giving alms to the poor in colonial society, the issue of poor relief absorbed much of the attention of town officials before and after the American Revolution. Throughout the colonial period and early republic, many Massachusetts towns faced growing numbers of needy men, women and children in need of relief. -
Workhouses of the Early Victorian
THE EARLY VICTORIAN WORKHOUSE Clayton E. Cramer History 422 March 20, 1996 THE EARLY VICTORIAN WORKHOUSE For several generations, American junior high school students have learned of the early Victorian workhouse from Oliver Twist’s plaintive request for a second helping of gruel, “Please, sir, I would like some more.”1 If one trusts Dickens’ description of workhouses in Oliver Twist, these were loveless institutions whose employees starved children, while pocketing their food money. Furthermore, Dickens makes it clear that the severity of the institution was because the local Guardians of the Poor were heartless men who believed: [The workhouse] was a regular place of public entertainment for the poorer classes; a tavern where there was nothing to pay; a public breakfast, dinner, tea, and supper all the year round….2 How bad were conditions in the workhouses? Does the evidence support Dickens’ portrayal of the workhouse, and the selfish and short-sighted motivations that he ascribes to the Poor Law of 1834? This paper, to avoid deforesting Canada, will confine itself to examining the workhouse system in effect in the ten years immediately following passage of the English Poor Law of 1834. 1 Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist, (New York: Penguin Books, 1980), 36. 2 Dickens, 34. THE EARLY VICTORIAN WORKHOUSE 2 From its Elizabethan3 origins, the English Poor Law had sought to prevent “sturdy beggars” (as the able-bodied lazy were known) from taking advantage of the poor relief system. The workhouse4 had been one of the strategies intermittently used to keep down poor relief costs by requiring the needy to give up the privacy and independence of their own home. -
Government and Social Conditions in Scotland 1845-1919 Edited by Ian Levitt, Ph.D
-£e/. 54 Scs. S«S,/io SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY FIFTH SERIES VOLUME 1 Government and Social Conditions in Scotland Government and Social Conditions in Scotland 1845-1919 edited by Ian Levitt, ph.d ★ EDINBURGH printed for the Scottish History Society by BLACKWOOD, PILLANS & WILSON 1988 Scottish History Society ISBN 0 906245 09 5 Printed in Great Britain ^ e ia O' >40 PREFACE A work of this kind, drawing on material from a wide variety of sources, could not have been possible without the active help and encouragment of many people. To name any individual is perhaps rather invidious, but I would like to draw special attention to the assistance given by the archivists, librarians and administrative officers of those authorities whose records I consulted. I would hope that this volume would in turn assist a wider understanding of what their archives and libraries can provide: they offer much for the history of Scotland. I must, however, record my special thanks to Dr John Strawhorn, who kindly searched out and obtained Dr Littlejohn’s report on Ayr (1892). I am greatly indebted to the following for their kind permission to use material from their archives and records: The Keeper of Records, the Scottish Record Office The Trustees of the National Library of Scotland The Archivist, Strathclyde Regional Council The Archivist, Ayr District Archives The Archivist, Edinburgh District Council The Archivist, Central Regional Council The Archivist, Tayside Regional Council Midlothian District Council Fife Regional Council Kirkcaldy District Council -
Thomas Hainsworth (Ainsworth) (B
Thomas Hainsworth (Ainsworth) (b. 1840 - d. 1909) 11th December 2019 Karen Mackie Thomas Hainsworth was born on 20th December 1840 (1). His parents David and Esther Hainsworth had him baptised on 21st March at Leeds Parish Church (2) (this is St Peters, now Leeds Minster) (3). As a child he lived on Byron Street in Leeds (4). He had an older brother and sister, William and Mary (5). His birth and death records show his name as Hainsworth, but during most of his time in the workhouse his surname is recorded as Ainsworth on official records. In September 1850, when he was only nine years old, his mother, Esther died and was buried in Beckett St Cemetery (6). The following year his father, David, remarried (7). Around 1856, when Thomas was 16, he entered the Leeds Union Workhouse (8). However, his older brother was still living in the family home and remained there at least until the age of 25 (9). His father and stepmother remained local to Leeds, living at Penn St; and in Thorner at David’s death in 1886 (10). We do not have a discharge record to confirm whether Thomas remained in the workhouse for the remainder of his life. The 1871 census describes him as an imbecile from birth and this may explain his admission at a young age (11). He is described as having paralysis in the long-term inmates list of 1861 (12). Nonetheless, he worked as a labourer and coal miner throughout much of his life (13). In 1891, Thomas was described as a hawker and was placed in the infirmary at the workhouse (14). -
March 2020 Services March 2020
Newlands & Kirkurd Parish Magazine March 2020 Services March 2020 Date Carlops Newlands & Kirkurd West Linton 01/03 C. Levison Murray Campbell M. Campbell 08/03 Mary Rev. Stewart Rev. Stewart McElroy McPherson McPherson 15/03 Rev. Stewart Kevin Scott Kevin Scott McPherson 22/03 Nancy Rev. Stewart Nancy Norman Norman McPherson 29/03 Colin Herd David Henderson- Steven Whalley Howat Elder’s Rota: March: Jean & David Henderson-Howat April: Janette Raeburn & Jim Brown Church Cleaning: March: Rosie Sim April: Ilka Roehe Please contact your elder or Ilka Roehe by email on [email protected] if you would like a digital copy of the magazine sent to your email or if you would like a large print copy. Material for the April magazine to Ilka by Tuesday, 17th March 2020. The next session of Messy Church is on: Sunday 1st March – Messy Spring The session is from 4-6pm in the New Church Hall at West Linton. All children from babies to P7 are most wel- come to come and join in the fun! After a game to start the children will do a range of craft activities, then have a song and a story and finish off with a meal together. All children MUST be accompanied by an adult. For more information contact Jean Howat (01968 660677) [email protected] All Age Service 22nd March, 10.00 am A Celebration of Love “We can do no great things on this Earth, only small things with great love.” Mother Theresa STATED ANNUAL MEETING This will take place after the morning service on March 22nd, 2020.