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FINAL REPORT Volume 1 (Main Report) Evaluation of the EU FLEGT Action Plan

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FINAL REPORT Volume 1 (Main Report) Evaluation of the EU FLEGT Action Plan FINAL REPORT Volume 1 (Main Report) Evaluation of the EU FLEGT Action Plan (Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade) 2004-2014 Final Version 27 April 2016 S-FOR-S Disclaimer: This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the consultants and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Cover Photos Wood tracking system used by logging company in Kumasi (May 2015, Ghana) Credits: Ernst Paul Zambon Logyard at local sawmill (May 2015, Ghana) Credits: Marlen Arkesteijn Sokoban wood market in Kumasi (May 2015, Ghana) Credits: Ernst Paul Zambon SVLK (Indonesian TLAS) certified SME owner (June 2015, Indonesia) Credits: Ernst Paul Zambon TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE EVALUATION .................................................................................................... 12 1.1 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................................... 13 1.2 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................. 13 1.3 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.4 THE REPORT ............................................................................................................................................ 14 2 EVALUATION METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 15 2.1 OVERALL APPROACH, PROCESS AND TIMEFRAME ............................................................................................. 16 2.2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................ 17 2.3 REFLECTIONS ON THE METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 21 3 THE EU FLEGT ACTION PLAN ................................................................................................................... 24 3.1 GENESIS OF THE ACTION PLAN .................................................................................................................... 25 3.2 OBJECTIVES, STRATEGY AND STRUCTURE ........................................................................................................ 26 3.3 DELIVERY ARCHITECTURE ............................................................................................................................ 28 3.4 IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINE ....................................................................................................................... 30 4 IMPLEMENTATION STATE OF PLAY ......................................................................................................... 32 4.1 SUPPORT TO TIMBER PRODUCING COUNTRIES ................................................................................................. 33 4.2 TRADE IN TIMBER ...................................................................................................................................... 47 4.3 PUBLIC PROCUREMENT .............................................................................................................................. 59 4.4 PRIVATE SECTOR INITIATIVES ....................................................................................................................... 64 4.5 FINANCE AND INVESTMENT SAFEGUARDS ....................................................................................................... 73 4.6 USE OF EXISTING LEGISLATIVE INSTRUMENTS .................................................................................................. 76 4.7 CONFLICT TIMBER ..................................................................................................................................... 83 5 ANSWERS TO THE EVALUATION QUESTIONS .......................................................................................... 89 5.1 RELEVANCE OF THE ACTION PLAN ................................................................................................................ 90 5.2 DESIGN OF THE ACTION PLAN ..................................................................................................................... 95 5.3 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FLEGT ACTION PLAN ............................................................................................... 103 5.4 IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ACTION PLAN ......................................................................... 105 5.5 ACHIEVEMENT OF FLEGT OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................... 110 5.6 EMERGENT OUTCOMES OF FLEGT ACTION .................................................................................................. 116 5.7 ACHIEVEMENT OF HIGHER OBJECTIVES OF FLEGT.......................................................................................... 121 5.8 COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF FLEGT ................................................................................................................ 126 5.9 SUSTAINABILITY OF FLEGT ACTION ............................................................................................................ 136 5.10 COHERENCE AND EU VALUE ADDED ............................................................................................................ 141 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................... 148 6.1 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 149 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 161 7 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................................... 172 Appendix 1: Timber Trade data ........................................................................................................................... 173 Appendix 2: Summary of findings on governance .............................................................................................. 176 Appendix 3: Costs and benefits data................................................................................................................... 177 Appendix 4: Overview of REDD+ activities in VPA countries .............................................................................. 184 Appendix 5: Initiatives / Organisations mentioned under 4.4 - Private sector initiatives .................................. 185 FIGURES Figure 1: Intervention Theory of the EU FLEGT Action Plan 2003 – reconstructed .............................................. 28 Figure 2: A Global FLEGT timeline - Source: compiled by the evaluation team, from various sources. ............... 31 Figure 3: MS support to producer countries ......................................................................................................... 33 Figure 4: Indicative amounts allocated by the EU and the MS to Action Area 1 per country, 2003-2014 - Source: Surveys analysis. Note: Only support above 5 M€ is reflected. In red: Non VPA countries or regions ................................................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 5: A framework for analysis of FLEGT in a VPA country ............................................................................. 36 Figure 6: Public survey - Main achievements of the FLEGT action plan (85 respondents) ................................... 39 Figure 7: Facilitation support in VPA countries (EFI data) ..................................................................................... 40 Figure 8: Poster on the wall of an environmental NGO in Cameroon .................................................................. 82 Figure 9: Partner Country reasons for engaging in VPAs (Source: VPA countries Survey).................................... 91 Figure 10: Direct imports of "tropical timber" (excluding China’s imports of rosewood) .................................... 94 Figure 11: Intervention Theory of the EU FLEGT Action Plan 2003 – reconstructed ........................................... 96 Figure 12: Rating of different characteristics of the EU FLEGT Action Plan (Public Survey 2015) ....................... 97 Figure 13: Estimates of the "illegal" imports of Annex II products by leading importing countries. The estimates are based on the same source data, methodology and assumptions of illegality adopted in Chatham House's recent assessments. ................................................................................... 99 Figure 14: Selected countries' exports of "illegal" timber sector and paper sector products - estimates (based on analyses carried out for Chatham House ................................................................................ 100 Figure 15: EU FLEGT Action Plan 2014: What works and what does not? .........................................................
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