Based Health Financing Activities in Uganda
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Partners for Health Reformplus An Assessment of Community- Based Health Financing Activities in Uganda February 2005 Prepared by: Yann Derriennic, MBA Abt Associates Inc. Katherine Wolf, MPH Emory University Paul Kiwanuka-Mukiibi, MBChB Consultant, Abt Associates Inc. This document was produced by PHRplus with funding from the US Agency for International Development (USAID) under Project No. 936-5974.13, Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00019-00 and is in the public domain. The ideas and opinions in this document are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of USAID or its employees. Interested parties may use the report in part or whole, providing they maintain the integrity of the report and do not misrepresent its findings or present the work as their own. This and other HFS, PHR, and PHRplus documents can be viewed and downloaded on the project website, www.PHRplus.org. Abt Associates Inc. 4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 600 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Tel: 301/913-0500 Fax: 301/652-3916 In collaboration with: Development Associates, Inc. Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Philoxenia International Travel, Inc. Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Social Sectors Development Strategies, Inc. Training Resource Group Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine University Research Co., LLC. Order No TE 060 Mission Partners for Health Reformplus is USAID’s flagship project for health policy and health system strengthening in developing and transitional countries. The five-year project (2000-2005) builds on the predecessor Partnerships for Health Reform Project, continuing PHR’s focus on health policy, financing, and organization, with new emphasis on community participation, infectious disease surveillance, and information systems that support the management and delivery of appropriate health services. PHRplus will focus on the following results: Implementation of appropriate health system reform. Generation of new financing for health care, as well as more effective use of existing funds. Design and implementation of health information systems for disease surveillance. Delivery of quality services by health workers. Availability and appropriate use of health commodities. February 2005 Recommended Citation Derriennic, Yann, Katherine Wolf, and Paul Kiwanuka-Mukiibi. February 2005. An Assessment of Commmunity-Based Health Financing Activities in Uganda. Bethesda, MD: The Partners for Health Reformplus Project, Abt Associates Inc. For additional copies of this report, contact the PHRplus Resource Center at [email protected] or visit our website at www.PHRplus.org. Contract/Project No.: HRN-C-00-00-00019-00 Submitted to: USAID/Dar-Es-Salaam and: Karen Cavanaugh, CTO Health Systems Division Office of Health, Infectious Disease and Nutrition Center for Population, Health and Nutrition Bureau for Global Programs, Field Support and Research United States Agency for International Development Abstract The Partners for Health Reformplus Project (PHRplus), in conjunction with the Uganda Community Based Health Financing Association (UCBHFA), conducted an assessment of community-based health financing (CBHF) schemes in Uganda. The purpose of the assessment was to identify good practices/models and key obstacles to sustainability in terms of governance and management, financial management and viability, risk management, marketing and membership incentives, community buy-in, and impact on quality of life of members. The PHRplus team conducted key informant interviews and focus group discussions with CBHF scheme managers, current scheme members, and former members. These data were supplemented by records from the UCBHFA and a desk review of relevant literature. The assessment revealed that scheme membership improved overall quality of life for scheme members; however, community participation and management practices should be strengthened to improve scheme viability and sustainability. The findings will be shared among scheme managers and support organizations to improve CBHF schemes’ long-term sustainability. Table of Contents Acronyms ..............................................................................................................................................ix Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................................xi Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................xiii 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................1 2. Methodology...................................................................................................................................5 3. Discussion and Findings.................................................................................................................7 3.1 Quality of Life .......................................................................................................................7 3.2 Management and Governance ...............................................................................................9 3.3 Financial Management and Viability ....................................................................................9 3.4 Risk Management................................................................................................................12 3.5 Marketing and Membership Incentives ...............................................................................15 3.6 Community Buy-In..............................................................................................................16 3.7 Premium Financing .............................................................................................................16 3.8 The Uganda Community Based Health Financing Association ..........................................17 3.9 Sustainability .......................................................................................................................17 4. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................19 5. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................21 Annex A: Functioning Community-based Health Insurance Schemes in Uganda...............................23 Annex B. Questionnaire – CBHF Scheme Manager ............................................................................25 Annex C. CBHF Focus Group Topic Guide – Scheme Members........................................................27 Annex D. CBHF Focus Group Topic Guide – Scheme Dropouts........................................................29 Annex E. CBHF Scheme Information Matrix......................................................................................31 Annex F. Reference List.......................................................................................................................37 Table of Contents vii Acronyms BMC Bushenyi Medical Centre CBHF Community-Based Health Financing CMS Commercial Market Strategies DfID British Department for International Development FINCA Foundation of International Community Assistance FT Full-time IEC Information, Education and Communication IP Inpatient ITN Insecticide-Treated Bednets MCH Mother-Child Health MIS Management Information Systems MoH Ministry of Health NGO Nongovernmental Organization OP Outpatient PHRplus Partners for Health Reformplus PTMTC Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission SHU Save for Health-Uganda UCBHFA Uganda Community Based Health Financing Association UMU Uganda Microfinance Union USAID United States Agency for International Development VCT Voluntary Counseling and Testing Acronyms ix Acknowledgments Many people have contributed to the compilation of this assessment, from its design and planning phase through data collection and review of this report. The design and implementation of this assessment would not have been possible without feedback from scheme managers and the UCBHFA Executive Committee. Participating scheme leaders include Amelia Namanya (Comboni), William Rwabukare (BMC), Duncan Atikunda (BMC), Dr. Tony Tumwesigye (Kisiizi Hospital), Pontius Mayunga and Edith Nziza (Mutolere), Fredrick Makaire (Save for Health Uganda), Lovino Atwine (Nyakibale), Josephine Namugenyi (Kitovu), Daniel Kakunta (Ishaka), Victoria Kabuye (Kirinya Women's Farmers Cooperative, Bweyogerere), and Pamela Magezi (Rugarama Health Centre). Executive Committee members who are not scheme managers include Honorable Dr. Eliode Tumwesigye, Dr. Robert Basaza, Joy Batusa at HealthPartners (Uganda), and Dr. Peter Cowley. Meetings with scheme members and former members at Comboni, Mutolere, Bweyogerere, and Luwero offered a keen perspective on the inner workings of CBHF schemes in Uganda from the consumer side. Dr. Francis Runumi, Commissioner for Health Services Planning, and Dr. Robert Basaza, Senior Health Planner, at the Ministry of Health have provided continual insight, significantly aiding the development of the assessment. Stephen Musau (Abt Associates Inc.), Livingstone Namarah (Uganda Community Health Financing Association), and Susan Scribner (Abt Associates) have provided consistent and valuable support, both technical and editorial, throughout this process. This study was