cancers Review Standard of Care and Promising New Agents for the Treatment of Mesenchymal Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Silvia Mezi 1 , Andrea Botticelli 2, Giulia Pomati 3,*, Bruna Cerbelli 1, Simone Scagnoli 4 , Sasan Amirhassankhani 5, Giulia d’Amati 1 and Paolo Marchetti 2 1 Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy;
[email protected] (S.M.);
[email protected] (B.C.);
[email protected] (G.d.) 2 Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy;
[email protected] (A.B.);
[email protected] (P.M.) 3 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy 4 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy;
[email protected] 5 Department of Plastic Surgery, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +39-340-348-7850 Simple Summary: Mesenchymal triple negative breast cancer subtype expresses genes involved in proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, stromal interaction and cell motility. Moreover, this subgroup is characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. This review focuses on the intracellular pathways involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, as well as in the immune evasion mechanisms. Furthermore, we provide an overview of current clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of different therapeutic molecules for this aggressive subtype Citation: Mezi, S.; Botticelli, A.; of triple negative breast cancer. The challenge is to restore immunocompetence by overcoming the Pomati, G.; Cerbelli, B.; Scagnoli, S.; chemo and immune-resistance profile of mesenchymal triple negative breast cancer to achieve a Amirhassankhani, S.; d’Amati, G.; lasting response to therapy.