6 X 10.5 Three Line Title.P65

Cambridge University Press 0521825075 - Australian Politics and Government: The Commonwealth, the States and the Territories Edited by Jeremy Moon and Campbell Sharman Index More information

Index

Abolish Self Government Coalition 50–3, 57, 66, 68, 72 (ACT), 214 Northern Territory, 225, 226, 227, Aboriginal Electoral Information 228–31, 234–6, 237 Programme, 232 Queensland, 75, 77, 80, 82, 83, 84 Aboriginal Electoral Information South Australia, 109–11, 112, Service, 232 114, 115, 117, 120, 224, 227, Aboriginal Land Councils, 226 265 Aboriginal peoples, 20, 34, 56, 76, 77, Tasmania, 131, 132, 136–7, 79, 103, 105, 122–3, 132, 183, 138–46, 150, 153, 253 184–5, 198, 208, 225, 226–7, Victoria, 156, 157, 159, 166, 231–3, 237 174–5, 176, 179 above the line voting see ticket voting Western Australia, 184, 185, 186, accord (parliamentary), 136–7, 150 187, 188, 192, 195–6, 199, 247 Adelaide, 106, 112, 115, 120, 123, Atkins, Ruth, 212 125, 128, 129–30, 203 auditor-general, 178, 179 Adelaide Casino, 128 Australia Party, 68, 212, 219 Adelaide Electric Supply Company, Australian Broadcasting Corporation 110 (ABC), 178, 237 administrator (of territory) Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Australian Capital Territory, 121 132 Northern Territory, 224, 225, 226 Australian Capital Region, 210, 220 see also executive Australian Capital Territory (ACT), 1, Africa, 265 10–11, 209–23, 244–5, 248, Age (newspaper), 178 251–2, 254–6, 264, 266 Ahern, Michael, 82–3 Australian Capital Territory- Alice Springs, 233 Commonwealth Working Party on Alliance government (ACT), 220 the Review of Governance of the alternative vote (AV) see preferential ACT, 220–1 voting Australian Council of Trade Unions Anglicans, 107 (ACTU), 154 Arnhem, 233 Australian Democrats, 27, 33, 49, 68, Arnison, Peter, 83 70, 81, 93, 114, 118–20, 167, 194, Asia, 16, 76, 265 196, 219, 228, 254, 265 Askin, Robert, 42, 43, 51, 52, 53, 65, Australian Federal Police (AFP), 222 72 Australian Government and Politics assembly (lower house of state or project website, 263 territory parliament), 2, 5, 250, Australian Industrial Relations 255 Commission, 155 Australian Capital Territory Australian Labor Party (ALP), 7–8, (before self-government), 211, 212 10, 13, 20, 21–5, 38, 26–7, 212, (after self-government), 210, 212, 224, 225, 241–3, 246–7, 249, 213, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223 250–1, 255, 256–7, 238–9 New South Wales, 44, 46–7, 48, Australian Capital Territory, 211,

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308 AUSTRALIAN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

Australian Labor Party (ALP) (cont.) Australian, 19 212, 213–19, 220, 266 papers, 58, 94, 144 factions, 60, 61–3, 65, 87, 97, 115, Robson rotation (of names of 116, 170–1, 174, 190, 219 candidates), 144–5, 218 federal, 25–6, 30, 33, 37–8, 60, second run-off, 56 61, 63, 157, 165, 169, 171, secret, 5, 19, 157 180, 198 Victorian, 157 federal executive, 60, 61 see also ticket voting New South Wales, 10, 41, 42, 43, Bannon, John, 112, 116, 118, 125–8 45, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57, Baragwarnath, Ches, 178 60–3, 64, 68, 70–3, 243, 246, Barkly (electoral district), 233 249, 264 Barton, Edmund, 21–3, 34 Northern Territory, 224, 227, Bavin, Thomas, 47, 57, 59, 66 228–31, 232, 235, 236–7, 238, Beanland, Denver, 83 266 Beattie, Peter, 87, 96, 97, 101, 102 Queensland, 10, 74, 76–7, 78, 79, Bennett, Scott, 266 81, 84–7, 93–4, 95, 96–100, Bentham, Jeremy, 104 101, 243, 246 Bethune, Angus, 143 South Australia, 106, 107, 110–11, Better Future for Our Children Party, 114–20, 122, 123, 243, 249 49 state conference, 53, 63 bicameralism, 2, 3, 16, 44, 46, 81, state executive, 63, 87, 190 104, 135, 156, 181, 185, 208, 260 Tasmania, 10, 71, 132, 136–7, see also legislative council; Senate; 141, 143, 146, 148, 151, 152, upper house 242, 243, 249, 266 Bjelke-Petersen, Johannes, 26, 79, 82, Victoria, 10, 155, 162, 163–4, 83, 97, 101, 102, 228 165–6, 167, 168, 169–175, Blain, Adair, 228 179, 182, 242, 243, 246, 249 Bolger, Irene, 171 Western Australia, 186, 187–90, Bolte, Henry, 168–9, 181 191, 192, 195, 197–8, 199, Borbidge, Robert, 96, 97, 99, 101, 205, 208, 243, 246 102, 264–5 see also Federal Labor Party; State Bracks, Stephen, 166, 179–80, 182 Labor Party Braddon, Edward, 139 Australian Labor Party (Anti- Brindabella (electoral district), 213 Communist) 165 Brisbane, 10, 75, 77, 84, 90, 92 see also Democratic Labor Party Brisbane, Thomas, 75, 79 Australian National University, 220–1, Britain, 60, 157, 184 263 British Empire, 11, 13, 16, 104, 239 Australian Security Intelligence British government, parliament, 43–4, Organization (ASIO), 155 45, 106, 109, 135, 154, 156, 207 Australian Workers Union (AWU), 61, see also Colonial Ofﬁce 76, 87 British parliamentary tradition, 4, 6, aviation, 17–18 14, 16, 80, 185, 220, 239, 256 see also parliamentary government Bacon, James, 150, 266 British Tube Mills, 123 Ballarat, 156 brokerage politics, 79, 133, 143, 145, ballot, 7, 56, 57 146, 152, 163, 181

INDEX 309

Brooker, Edward, 148 Carruthers, Joseph, 64 Brown, Allan, 176 Catholic Social Studies Movement, Brown, Dean, 128 165 Bruce Stadium, 222 Catholics, 43, 60, 61, 84, 106–7, 165, Bruce, Stanley, 29 219 Bruxner, Michael, 66 caucus (Parliamentary Labor Party), Builders Labourers Federation (BLF), 25, 37, 38, 63 171 Cavalier, Rodney, 41 Bulbeck, Chilla, 79 censorship, 102, 157 Burbury, Stanley, 136–7 Central Zone (NSW) (electoral Burke, Brian, 188, 205 district), 59 Butler, Richard, 115, 122 Centre-Left (SA), 116 by-election, 97, 99, 118, 145, 178, see also Australian Labor Party: 179, 219 factions Centre Party (Tas.), 143, 148 cabinet, 37 Centre Unity (NSW), 63 Australian Capital Territory, 210, see also Australian Labor Party: 221, 233–4 factions Commonwealth, 14, 23, 34, 37–9 Chalk, Gordon, 265 New South Wales, 42, 49, 53–4 Chapman, Ralph, 133 Northern Territory, 226 Charlton, Peter, 79 Queensland, 97–100, 102 chief minister (of territory), 210, 213, South Australia, 111 218, 233–4, 249–50 Tasmania, 141, 151 see also premier Western Australia, 187 Chiﬂey, Joseph, 30, 224 see also ministerial portfolios; Children’s Welfare and Public Relief ministers Board (SA), 124 Cabinet Ofﬁce (NSW), 53 Chillagoe, 79 Cahill, John Joseph, 53, 71 Chinese, 76 Cain, John (Jr), 171, 172–5, 181 Chipp, Donald, 167 Cain, John (Sr), 163–4, 165, 169–70 Christian Democratic Party (NSW), Calder, Samuel, 228 49, 70 California, 129 Christian Democrats (NT), 228 Call to Australia Party (CTA), 49, 70 Chrysler, 123 Cameron, Clyde, 115, 116 City-Country Alliance of Queensland, Campbell, Walter, 82–3 92 Canada, 6, 15, 151, 258, 265 Citylink (Vic.), 166 Canberra, 20, 26, 78, 184, 186, 209, Clarence River, 75 210, 211, 219, 222, 228 Clark, Andrew Inglis, 138–9 Canberra Liberals see Liberal Party: coalition (anti-Labor), 241, 242, 249, Australian Capital Territory 250–1, 255 Canberra Raiders, 219 Commonwealth, 13, 23–5, 26, 27, Carnell, Katherine, 210, 218, 219, 30, 180, 212, 224 220, 221 New South Wales, 41, 43, 45, 48, Carr, Robert, 41, 42, 46, 49, 51, 52, 50, 51, 54, 56–7, 60, 66, 68, 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 70 70–2, 264 Carrick, John, 65 Queensland, 77, 78, 82, 90–2, 95,

310 AUSTRALIAN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

coalition (anti-Labor) (cont.) conditional grants (to the states), 1, 96–8, 265 17, 40 Victoria, 155, 156, 162, 166, 176 see also financial transfers Western Australia, 186, 195, 198, confidence, vote of, 29–30, 38, 45, 82, 208 97, 99, 163, 175, 213, 253 see also Country Party; Liberal conscription, 25, 29, 60, 71, 188 Party; National Party; Conservatives, 114, 139, 187 Nationalists; United Australia constituency see electoral districts Party constitution, Commonwealth, 1, 3, 4, coalition government, 23, 25, 66, 74, 6, 14–19, 35, 37, 40, 44, 154, 90, 95, 97–9, 100, 144, 162, 207, 210, 257 163–4, 176, 194, 210, 214, 218, change, 12, 207 220, 223, 249–50, 253–7, 265 (1946), 34 Collins, Peter, 52 (1967), 15 Collins, Robert, 235 conventions, 14, 109 Colonial Office, British, 45, 82, 184, defence power, 18 224 foreign affairs power, 17–18 colonial self-government see self- interpretation, 17–18 government ministers, 35, 37 colonies, Australian, 5, 7, 11, 37, 51, recognition of parties, 29 54, 77, 104, 135, 156, 159, 183, Senate, 33 185, 239 see also High Court see also by name constitution, state, territory, 2–3, 5, 10 Colonization Commissioners (SA), Australian Capital Territory, 109 212–13 Comalco, 79 conventions, 135–6 Combined Unions Steering Committee New South Wales, 43–6 (NSW), 63 Northern Territory, 224–6, 233, committees see parliamentary 237 committees Queensland, 80–4 Commonwealth Bank, 173 South Australia, 104, 109–10 Commonwealth government and Tasmania, 131, 134–7 parliament, 2, 3, 4–5, 7, 12–40, Victoria, 156–7, 174–5, 178 42, 51, 60, 106, 108, 138, 155, Western Australia, 184, 185, 186 165, 169, 172, 185, 187, 197, contingent voting, 93, 94 203, 206–7, 208, 209, 210–11, convicts 212, 213, 222, 224, 225, 226, convict period, 41, 43, 54, 75, 227, 232, 243, 244–5, 247, 248, 104, 131, 132, 134, 135, 184 249, 250–2, 254, 255–6, 258–9, Cooksland, 75 260 Cooper Basin, 123 Commonwealth Grants Commission, Cooper, Theo Russell, 99 122, 148, 206 corruption, 72, 79, 83, 101 Commonwealth Party, 64 Cosgrove, Robert, 133, 146, 148 communism, 13, 25, 27, 165, 228 Council of Australian Governments, communists see communism 19, 40 compulsory voting, 7, 21, 33, 56, 76, see also premiers conference 137, 198, 232 council see legislative council

INDEX 311

Country and Democratic League Deakin, Alfred, 13, 21–3, 26, 154, (WA), 266 239 Country and Progressive National deﬁning activities (of government, Party (Qld), 88, 96 portfolios), 34–6, 54–5, 128–9, Country Liberal Party (CLP), 226–7, 150 228–232, 233, 234, 236–7, 238 Democratic Labor Party (DLP), 25, Country Party, 8, 23, 29, 241, 242, 30, 63, 68, 93, 148, 165–6, 167, 255 170, 171, 181, 196 New South Wales, 45, 48, 57, 59, Democratic Party, 64 65–6, 241, 264 Democratic Socialists, 228 Northern Territory, 228 Democrats see Australian Democrats Queensland, 81, 84, 88, 94, 95, Denham, Digby, 76 241, 246, 250 Deniehy, Daniel, 46 South Australia, 115, 120, 256, Denison (electoral district), 141 265 Denison, William, 134 Tasmania, 139, 246, 256 Department of Special Trade Victoria, 159, 162–165, 166, 168 Representation, 35 Western Australia, 191, 192–4, departments, ministerial, 12, 34–9, 42, 241, 246, 266 100 see also coalition (anti-Labor); see also ministerial portfolios Country Liberal Party; Dooley, James, 45 National Party (NP) double dissolution (of upper and Country Zone (NSW) (electoral lower houses of parliament), district), 59 Commonwealth, 33 Court, Charles, 186, 205 South Australia, 110, 111 Court, Richard, 195, 205 Dowd, John, 66 Cowan, Edith, 198 Downer, Alexander, 265 Cowper, Charles, 60 Ducker, John, 63 Craft Authority (SA), 125 Dunstan, Albert, 163, 253 Crean, David, 265 Dunston, Donald, 105, 106, 111, 112, crown, 14, 135 115, 123–5, 129 see also governor; governor-general Dwyer-Gray, Edmund, 148 Curtin, John, 30 Eagan, Michael, 49 D’Hondt system, 213 Earle, John, 139 see also proportional representation Edinburgh, 130 Daglish, Henry, 187 elections Daily Telegraph Mirror, 264 timing of, 45 Darwin, 233, 235, 236, 237 see also Australian Government David Syme and Company, 178 and Politics project website; Davidson, Walter, 45 electoral system Davis, S. R., 239–40, 260 Electoral and Administrative Review Dawson, Anderson, 84 Commission, (EARC), 80, 83–4, de Chair, Dudley, 46 94, 96 deadlock (between upper and lower Electoral Commission (SA), 113 houses of parliament), 45–6, 47, electoral districts, 7, 58–9, 87, 110, 111, 136, 137, 186 138–43, 165, 203, 227, 231

312 AUSTRALIAN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

electoral districts (cont.) Australian Capital Territory, single member, 19, 33, 50, 56, 93, 212–13, 220, 221 95, 96, 112, 113, 131, 138, New South Wales, 50, 53–4 153, 157, 159, 167, 175, 196, Northern Territory, 224, 225, 226 198, 232, 233, 247 Queensland, 81 multimember, 56, 76, 93, 112, South Australia, 111, 128 131, 139, 141, 143, 202, 203, Tasmania, 135, 137–8, 143 224, 232 Victoria, 157 see also electoral system; malap- Western Australia, 128, 190 portionment see also cabinet; chief minister; Electoral Districts Commissioners governor; governor-general; (NSW), 59 ministers; parliamentary Electoral Reform League, 162 government; premier; prime electoral system, 7, 11, 16, 240, 247, minister 249 executive council Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, 46 213–14, 218, 223, 253 Tasmania, 134 Commonwealth, 19–21, 30 Eyre Peninsula, 120 New South Wales, 55–60, 68 Northern Territory, 232–3, 253 factions (of ALP) see Australian Labor Queensland, 76, 80, 83, 87, 93–6 Party South Australia, 112–4 Fadden, Arthur, 29, 30 Tasmania, 136, 138–46 Fahey, John, 55, 71 Victoria, 159, 163, 165, 166, 170, Family Action Party (NSW), 49 174–5 Family First Party (SA), 114 Western Australia, 195, 196, Farmers and Settlers Association 198–9 New South Wales, 66 see also ballot; compulsory voting; Western Australia, 192 contingent voting; electoral Farmers and Settlers Party (SA), 115 districts; ﬁrst-past-the-post Farmers Union (Vic.), 162 voting; franchise; how-to-vote Federal Capital Commission, 211 cards; malapportionment; plural Federal Labor Party, 25, 60, 246 voting; preferential voting; federal system see federalism proportional representation; federalism, 1–2, 3, 4–5, 11, 12, 14, redistribution; ticket voting 15–19, 40, 122, 125, 151, 180, electorate see electoral districts 181, 203, 206–7, 212, 234, 239, Electricity Trust (SA), 110, 114, 128 257–9, 261 Elsey (electoral district), 233 Federalists, 21 England, 139 federation, 1–6, 8–11, 15–16, 42, 77, entrenchment (of constitutional 104, 122, 134, 152, 154, 183, provisions), 44, 46, 47, 50, 83, 185, 187, 197, 203, 206–7, 225, 137, 265 227, 239, 257, 261 Eureka, 156 Festival Centre Trust (SA), 125 Europe, 157 Field, Michael, 136–7 Evatt Foundation, 240 Film Corporation (SA), 125 Everingham, Paul, 233 ﬁnancial transfers (from the executive, 3, 8, 20, 37, 51, 186, 255 Commonwealth), 5, 15, 16–19,

INDEX 313

102, 105, 107, 122, 146–7, 151, Galligan, Brian, 257 152, 169, 172, 174, 180, 206, 207 Gallop, Geoffrey, 190, 205 see also conditional grants Game, Philip, 45–6 first-past-the-post voting (FPTP), 19, Gas and Fuel Corporation (Vic.), 177 56–7, 76, 87, 93–4, 95, 96, 138, General Motors, 123 141 Gillen (electoral district), 233 Fisher, Andrew, 13 Ginninderra (electoral district), 213 Fitzgerald Inquiry (Qld), 83, 96, 101 Glasgow, 152 Fitzgerald, Ross, 79 goods and services tax (GST), 18, 33, fixed term see parliamentary terms 40 Foley, Thomas, 79 Gorton, John, 37, 42 Follett, Rosemary, 210, 218, 220 Goss, Wayne, 101, 102 Fordham, Robert, 172 government see executive Forestry Commission (Tas.), 151 see also Australian Government Forestry Tasmania, 151 and Politics project website; Formula One Grand Prix, 177 minority government; Forrest, John, 187, 204 parliamentary government fractionalization (of vote and seat governor, 121, 212, 226 shares), 242–7, 249 New South Wales, 44–6 France, 184 Queensland, 75, 81, 82–3, 84 franchise, 5 South Australia, 109 Aboriginal peoples, 20, 56, 76, Tasmania, 134, 135, 136–7 198, 232 Victoria, 156, 174, 175 Commonwealth, 19–20 Western Australia, 185, 186, 187 New South Wales, 56 governor-general, 14, 26, 27, 35, 186, Northern Territory, 227, 232 210, 213, 226 Queensland, 75–6 Goyder’s Line, 106 South Australia, 104, 108, 109, Graham, B. D., 263 110, 111 Graincorp (NSW), 55 Tasmania, 135, 137 Gray, Robin, 136, 150–1 Victoria, 156, 157 Graziers Association (NSW), 66 Western Australia, 184, 185, 186, Greece, 237 198, 203 Greens, 27, 33 women, 5, 19, 56, 76, 108, 109, Australian Capital Territory, 214, 111, 135, 137, 198 219, 222 Franklin River, 18, 137, 141, 148, 151 New South Wales, 49, 68, 70 Fraser, James, 211, 226 Northern Territory, 228 Fraser, John Malcolm, 25, 33, 37, 42, Queensland, 81, 93, 264 225 Tasmania, 136–7, 141, 143–4, Fredericks, Rebecca, 266 146, 148, 150, 152 Free Traders, 21, 23, 26, 63 Victoria, 167 Fuller, George, 45, 70 Western Australia, 194–5, 196 fusion (of anti-Labor parties), 8, 23, Greiner, Nicholas, 48, 51, 52, 53, 55, 244 57, 71, 264 Grey (electoral district), 227 Gair, Vincent, 87, 97, 99, 101 Greypower Party, 196 Gallagher, Norman, 171 Griffith, Samuel, 76

314 AUSTRALIAN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

Groom, Raymond, 150 Hydro-Electric Commission (Tas.), gun lobby, 27, 172 148, 151 see also Shooters Party immigration, 13, 77, 131–2, 156, Hall, Steele, 115–16, 118 157–8, 159, 180, 204, 208 Hamer, Rupert, 169, 174, 181 Imperial see British Hanlon, Edward, 101 income tax, 18, 203 Hare-Clark system, 138–40, 143–5, independent Labor, 118, 228 153, 213 independent Liberal, 114, 118, 120, see also proportional representation 128, 265 Hare, Thomas, 139 Independent No Pokies (SA), 114 Harradine, Brian, 148 independents, 8, 27, 29–30, 247–9, Hatton, John, 264 253, 257 Hatton, Stephen, 233 Australian Capital Territory, 210, Hawke, Robert, 18, 26, 38 212, 213–19, 221, 222, 266 Head, Brian, 79 Commonwealth 20, 27, 29, 30, Heatley, Alistair, 234–5 31, 33 High Court, 1, 15, 16–18, 106, 124, New South Wales, 52, 66, 68–70, 209 71, 72, 246, 264 see also constitution, Northern Territory, 227, 228, 236 Commonwealth Queensland, 76, 92–3, 97 Hirst, John, 41 South Australia, 111, 114, Hobart, 132, 135, 139, 146 116–18, 120 Holgate, Harold, 137, 148 Tasmania, 136–7, 138, 139, 141, Hollway, Thomas, 159 145, 146, 148 Holman, William, 45, 53, 60, 61, 64, Victoria, 166–7, 179, 246 71 Western Australia, 192, 196, 203 Holmes, Jean, 169 Industrial Groups (Groupers), 63, Holton, R. J., 108 165 Hong Kong, 133 informal vote, 57, 233 Hotham, Charles, 156 infrastructure see physical resources Hotham (electoral district), 167 intergovernmental relations, 5, 42, house of assembly see assembly 107, 122, 180, 181, 257, 258 House of Lords, 3 see also conditional grants; House of Representatives, 8, 14–15, Council of Australian 20–1, 22, 24–25, 27, 29, 30, 33, Governments; ﬁnancial 37, 42, 194–5, 197, 210, 211, 212, transfers; premiers conference 218–19, 227, 264 Ipswich, 77 Housing Trust (SA), 123, 128 Ironworkers Federation, 171 Howard, John, 33, 42, 179, 214, 219 Italy, 107, 165 how-to-vote cards, 58, 144–5, 166, 218 Japan, 13 Hughes, Colin, 43, 79, 95, 260, 263 Jervis Bay, 211 Hughes, William Morris (Billy), 23, Jolly, Robert, 173 25, 29 Joyce, Roger, 79 Humphries, Gary, 218, 222 judicial independence, 44 Hunter–Sydney–Illawarra region, 43 judicial review, 3, 45, 185

INDEX 315

Kaine, Trevor, 218, 220 see also bicameralism; upper house Kalgoorlie, 204 legislative process, role see parliamen- Kanakas, 76 tary government Karmel reports, (Commonwealth & legislature see assembly; House of SA) 125, 265–6 Representatives; legislative council; Katherine, 233 parliamentary government; Senate Keating, Paul, 26, 38 Leigh Creek, 106 Kennett, Jeffrey, 176–9, 182 Letts, Godfrey, 233 Kerr, John, 83 Levy, Daniel, 52 Keynes, John Maynard, 13, 18, 39, 108 Liberal and Country League (LCL), Kirner, Joan, 171, 173–5 110, 112, 113, 115–20 Knight, John, 212 see also Liberal Party, South Korea, 13 Australia Kwinana, 205 Liberal and Country League (WA), 192, 266 Labor Council (NSW), 60 see also Liberal Party, Western Labor Electoral League (NSW), 60 Australia Labor League (SA), 114 Liberal and Country Party (Vic.), 166, Labor see Australian Labor Party 168 Land Commission (SA), 124 see also Liberal Party, Victoria Land Deals affair (Vic.), 169, 171, 174 Liberal Democratic Party (NSW), 64 land rights see native title Liberal Democrats (Tas.), 139 Lang, John Thomas (Jack), 29, 42, Liberal Federation (SA), 115 45–6, 47, 53, 60, 61 Liberal League (SA), 115 Lang Labor Party, 120, 246 Liberal Movement (LM), 115–16, 118 see also State Labor Party Liberal Party (LP), 8, 13, 22, 23, 26, Launceston, 135, 139, 146 27, 30, 38, 191, 225, 241, 242, 244 Lawrence, Carmen, 198 Australian Capital Territory, 212, Left (faction), 63, 116, 165, 170, 171, 213–19, 219 219 Canberra Liberals, 220, 221 see also Australian Labor Party: New South Wales, 43, 48, 52, 53, factions 56, 63–5, 71, 246, 264 legislative assembly see assembly Northern Territory, 228, 231, 237 legislative council, 3, 4 Queensland, 76, 84, 87–92, 94, New South Wales, 44, 45, 46–50, 96–8, 246, 250, 265 57–8, 68–70, 72, 235, 264 South Australia, 113–20, 123, Northern Territory (before self- 233, 247, 256, 265 government), 224–5, 227, 228 Tasmania, 136–7, 139, 143, 150, Queensland, 75, 80–1, 82, 264–5 151, 256 South Australia, 108, 109–11, Victoria, 155, 156, 162, 166, 113–14, 118, 224 167–9, 170, 171, 173, 176, Tasmania, 131, 134–5, 136–8, 178, 179, 181, 256, 266 141, 143, 146, 153, 266 Western Australia, 186, 190–4, Victoria, 155, 156, 157, 159, 165, 195–6, 197, 199, 266; 166, 174–5, 176, 179 see also coalition (anti-Labor); Western Australia, 184, 185–6, Country Liberal Party; Liberal 194, 195, 196, 197, 199, 202–3 and Country League;

316 AUSTRALIAN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

Liberal Party (LP) (cont.) 172, 177, 180, 211 Nationalist Party (Nationalists); Melbourne Cricket Ground, 171 United Australia Party Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Liberal and Reform Association Works, 162, 181 (NSW), 64 Menzies, Robert, 23, 27, 29, 37, 168, Lib–Lab alliance (Vic.), 170 191, 211 lieutenant-governor see governor Methodists, 106–7, 124, 265 list system (of proportional Millhouse, Robin, 118 representation) see proportional Ministerial Advisory Unit (NSW), 53 representation ministerial portfolios, 9, 34–9, 43, 48, Loans Council, 133, 146 53–4, 66, 97–100, 128–9, 150–1, local government, 108, 177, 179, 209, 221, 234, 260 210, 223, 226, 238 ministerialists, 64, 76, 84, 162 Lowe, Douglas, 137, 148 ministers, 255 lower house (of parliament), 7, 47, 50, Australian Capital Territory, 211, 109, 131, 179, 234, 244, 247, 249 213, 220, 221 see also assembly; House of Commonwealth, 14, 23, 34–9, 224 Representatives New South Wales, 51, 53–4, 66 Lowi, Theodore, 133 Northern Territory, 224, 233–5 Lyons, Kevin, 143, 148 Queensland, 80, 84, 97 South Australia, 111 Mabo case see native title Tasmania, 136, 151, 152 Mackerras, Malcolm, 95 Victoria, 175, 177, 178 MacNamara, Patrick, 176 Western Australia, 185 Mair, Alexander, 45 see also chief minister; premier; malapportionment, 7, 247, 249 prime minister New South Wales, 59 ministries see cabinet; chief minister; Queensland, 81, 88, 94–5 ministers; parliamentary govern- South Australia, 110, 112–113, 116 ment; period in ofﬁce; premier; Tasmania, 138 prime minister; share of govern- Victoria, 157, 159, 163, 165, 170, ment 175 Minnesota, 130 Western Australia, 185, 186, 190, minor parties, 8, 20–1, 27, 33, 247–9, 194, 195, 197, 198–9 253, 257 Malaysia, 237 Australian Capital Territory, Mannix, Daniel, 165 213–19, 266 Marijuana Party, 228 New South Wales, 48, 49, 58, Martin, Clare, 236 68–70, 246 Martin, James, 60 Northern Territory, 228 McCormack, William, 79, 99 Queensland, 92–3 McDonald, Bruce, 52 South Australia, 111, 112, 114, McGirr, James, 53, 71 120 McGowan, James, 47, 61 Tasmania, 136, 138, 139, 141, McIlwraith, Thomas, 76 144, 146 McKell, William, 52, 53, 61, 72, 73 Victoria, 166–7, 246 Melbourne, 23, 77, 107, 128, 154, Western Australia, 194–7, 203 155, 157–9, 162, 165, 169, 170, see also Australian Democrats;

INDEX 317

Democratic Labor Party; National Labor Party, 25, 29 Greens; Pauline Hanson’s One Western Australia, 196 Nation Party National Party (Nationalists) (Vic.), minority government, 23, 25, 26, 265 249–50, 253–7 National Party (NP), 8, 13, 22, 23, 26, Australian Capital Territory, 210, 214, 241, 242, 244, 247, 255 214, 218, 223, 254–5, 256 New South Wales, 43, 65–8, 264 Commonwealth, 29–30 Northern Territory, 228, 237 New South Wales, 68, 254 Queensland, 74, 82, 84, 87–92, Queensland, 96–7, 253–4, 264 95, 96–9, 101, 250, 264 South Australia, 118, 120, 254 South Australia, 120 Tasmania, 136–7, 139, 141, 143, Tasmania, 139 146, 253–4 Victoria, 155, 159, 166, 170, 176, Victoria, 163–5, 179–80, 254 178 Western Australia, 187, 254 Western Australia, 190, 191, Mitcham (electoral district), 178 192–4, 195–6, 197, 199, 266 Mitchell, Douglas, 190 see also coalition (anti-Labor); Molongolo (electoral district), 213 Country Liberal Party; Country monarch see crown Party Monarto, 124 Nationalist Party (Nationalists), 20, money bills, 46, 47 23, 30, 45, 47, 52, 53, 56–7, 59, see also supply 64, 66, 76, 88, 139, 168, 241, Moon, Jeremy, 260 244, 265, 266 Moore, Arthur, 88, 96, 99 see also Liberal Party; National Moore, Michael, 214, 218, 221 Party (Nationalists); United Moreton Bay, 75 Australia Party Morrison, Alan, 79 native title, 17, 100, 124, 208 Mulgrave (electoral district), 97 Neilson, William, 148 Mullins, Patrick, 79 Nelson, Harold, 228 Mungana Mines, 79 Nelson, Helen, 43, 108, 238, 260 municipal government see local New England, 65 government New Federalism, 169 Murphy, Denis, 79 New Guard, 64 Murray River, 106 New South Wales (NSW), 2, 6, 10, 14, 21, 25, 29, 41–73, 74, 75, 78, 80, Nathan, Mathew, 82 81, 106, 107, 108, 134, 138, 154, National Association of New South 156, 167, 180, 206, 207, 210–11, Wales, 64 222, 243, 245–6, 248, 249, 250–2, see also Liberal Party; Nationalist 254, 255–6 Party New Zealand, 207, 265 National Capital Development Newcastle, 59 Commission (NCDC), 211 nexus (between size of House of National Capital Futures Conference Representatives and Senate), (ACT), 220 14–15 National Country Party, 66, 186, 264, Nhulunbuy, 233 266 Nicklin, George Francis (Frank), 101 see also National Party (NP) Nile, Fred, 70

318 AUSTRALIAN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

No Self Government Party (ACT), parliamentary government, politics, 2, 214, 218 3, 5–6, 7–8, 11, 253–7, 260, 261 North Australia Party (NT), 228 Australian Capital Territory, 212 North Australia Workers Union (NT), Commonwealth, 20, 21, 37–8 228 New South Wales, 45, 48, 50, 51 Northern Districts (Qld), 75 Northern Territory, 225, 227–8, Northern Territory (NT), 1, 10–11, 234–6 106, 224–38 Queensland, 76, 83, 99–100 statehood, 225, 226, 227, 233, South Australia, 114 238, 244–5, 248, 251–3, Tasmania, 135–8 254–5, 264, 266 Victoria, 163–5, 166, 167, 181 Northern Territory News, 231, 234 Western Australia, 184, 186, 187, Nuclear Disarmament Party, 194 203 see also Greens: Western Australia see also assembly; cabinet; chief minister; coalition government; office holding, patterns of, 70–2, confidence; House of 96–9, 120 Representatives; legislative Officers Group (NSW), 63 council; ministers; minority see also Australian Labor Party: government; premier; prime factions minister; question time; Senate; Ogilvie, Albert, 133, 148 speaker; supply Olsen, John, 114, 118, 120, 128 parliamentary terms, 27, 48, 109, 137, One Nation see Pauline Hanson’s One 175, 213 Nation Party fixed, 44, 186, 202, 203, 213 one vote one value see malapportion- four year, 44, 48, 84, 109–10, 175, ment 203 Ord River Dam, 205 staggered, 47, 109, 111, 131, 137, O’Rourke, P. J., 133–4, 266 138, 202, 203 Osborne, Paul, 214, 219 parties, 6, 7–9, 10, 14, 21, 29, 47, 83, Outdoor Recreation Party (NSW), 49, 84, 138, 163, 241–53 58 Australian Capital Territory, Oxley, John, 75 212–219 Commonwealth, 21–9, 37–8 Page, Earle, 29 discipline, 7, 25, 26, 30, 37, 144, Painter, Martin, 257 236, 241 Parker, Robert, 42 effective number of see fractional- Parkes, Henry, 47, 60 ization parliamentary committees, 48, 51–2, New South Wales, 60–70 81, 84, 138, 203, 221, 225, 226, Northern Territory, 227–32 234, 235–6 Queensland, 84–93 Joint Committee on the Northern South Australia, 114–20 Territory (Commonwealth), Tasmania, 137, 138–46 225, 232 Victoria, 167–171 public accounts committee, 51–2, Western Australia, 187–96, 197, 235–6 202 Staysafe Joint Standing Committee see also by name on Road Safety (NSW), 51–2 see also Australian Government

INDEX 319

and Politics project website Northern Territory, 232, 236 party system, 8, 27–9, 33–4, 241–53, optional, 57, 93, 94, 96, 198 260 Queensland, 92, 93, 94–5, 96, 99, Australian Capital Territory, 264 213–19 South Australia, 110, 112, 113–14 federal, 26–9, 33–4 Tasmania, 131, 138, 153 New South Wales, 60–72 Victoria, 157, 166, 167 Northern Territory, 227–31, 237 Western Australia, 195, 197, 198 Queensland, 74, 90 premier, 26, 29, 45–6, 52, 53, 74, 79, South Australia, 114–20 80, 81, 97–9, 101, 111–12, 122, Tasmania, 139–146 135, 136–7, 148, 165, 166, 169, Victoria, 159, 162–7 175, 177, 178, 181, 185, 187, Western Australia, 194–7 210, 249–50, 263 see also fractionalization; parties see also by name Patriotic Six (Tas.), 134 see also Australian Government Pauline Hanson’s One Nation Party, and Politics project website; 27, 49, 68, 92, 93, 97, 167, 195, chief minister 196, 246 premiers conference, 18–19 Peake, Archibald Henry, 114 see also Council of Australian penal system, settlement, see convicts Governments period in ofﬁce (of chief minister, premier’s department, 53, 101 premier, or prime minister), Premiers Plan Labor, 120 248–50, 263, 267 Prescott, Roger, 178 Perth, 10, 183, 184, 190, 192, 198, president, of legislative council, 81 203, 208 presiding ofﬁcer (of assembly) see Pettit, Philip, 218, 220–1, 222 speaker Philips Industries, 123 Price, Thomas, 114, 265 physical resources, infrastructure prime minister, 3, 14, 21, 25, 26, 29, (portfolios), 34–6, 54–5, 100, 129, 34, 37–8, 154, 249–50, 263, 265 150 see also by name Pike, Douglas, 265 see also Australian Government Pilbara, 205 and Politics project website Pipelines Authority, 128 privatization, 53, 55, 103, 128, 162, Pizzey, Jack, 265 174, 176–77, 182, 205 Playford, Thomas, 105, 106, 108, Progress Party, 228 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, Progressive Party (Progressives), 3, 6, 117, 122–3, 128, 129 64, 66, 264 plebiscite see referendum proportional representation, 6, 7, 20, plural voting, 76 30; 56–9, 111, 114, 116, 118, 131, political culture, 74, 78–80, 107–8 138–40, 141, 144–5, 153, 186, Political Labor Council (Vic.), 162 194, 203, 210, 213, 223, 232, political party see parties 250, 253, 256 populism, 79, 92, 143, 150, 192 see also D’Hondt system; Hare- portfolios see ministerial portfolios Clark system preferential voting, 6, 20–1, 25, 27, Protectionists, 21, 23, 63–4, 155, 33, 240 187 New South Wales, 56–8 Protestants, 64, 106–7

320 AUSTRALIAN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

public funding (of elections, parties), Regional Leaders Forum (ACT), 222 7, 29 Reid, George, 21, 23 public sector, 9, 12, 54–5, 78, 100, Reid, Gordon, 234 102–3, 122, 125, 128, 174, 176, representation see representative 177, 179, 181, 203–6, 209, 238 government public service, 1, 2, 5 representative government, 2, 5–7, 10, Australian Capital Territory, 220 11, 19–21, 30, 50–1, 70, 134–5, Commonwealth, 12, 37–9, 209, 183, 184, 185, 188, 190, 197, 219, 221, 226 198–9, 202, 211, 221, 222, 224–5, New South Wales, 42 227, 228, 239, 241, 247–9, 260, Northern Territory, 226, 228 261; Queensland, 83 see also electoral system; franchise; Victoria, 177–8, 179 malapportionment; self-govern- see also public sector ment Public Service Board (NSW), 55 republic, 12, 46, 186, 210 Punch, Leon, 66 republicanism see republic Pyramid Building Society (Vic.), Resident Commissioner (SA), 109 172–3, 181–2 Residents Rally Party, 214, 218, 220 Richards, Eric, 108 Queensland (Qld), 2, 8, 10, 25, 26, Right (faction), 60, 61–3, 116 47, 51, 52, 56, 63, 65, 71, 74–103, see also Australian Labor Party: 107, 141, 167, 180, 220, 243, factions 245–6, 248, 250–2, 253–4, 255–6 Riverland, 120 Northern, 77 Robertson, John, 60 Queensland Labor Party, 87, 92–3, 246 Robson rotation see ballot Queensland People’s Party, 88 Rockhampton, 77 question time, parliamentary, 81, 235 Roxby Downs, 106 Royal Australian Nursing Federation, Rae’s index see fractionalization 171 Ramsay, A. M., 265 royal commission, 172, 190 Rann, Michael, 120 Rozzoli, Kevin, 52 Rawson, Donald, 168 Rundle, Anthony, 136, 137, 150 redistribution, electoral, 51, 58–9, 265 Rundle Street, 124 Reece, Eric, 133, 148 Ryan, Thomas Joseph, 71, 81 referendum, 3, 6, 12, 15, 25, 34, 186, 207, 264 Sanders, William, 233 Australian Capital Territory, 209, Santamaria, B. A., 165 210, 213 Sayers, Anthony, 260 New South Wales, 44, 47, 48, 49, Scaddan, John, 187 51 School of Mines (WA), 204 Northern Territory, 226 Scullin, James Henry, 25, 29, 33, 224 Queensland, 81, 84 secession, 207 South Australia, 113, 265 second chamber see bicameralism Tasmania, 137 secret ballot see ballot Western Australia, 186, 207 See, John, 70 Reform the Legal System Party self-government (NSW), 49 colonial, 2–3, 4, 7, 10, 11, 14, 21,

INDEX 321

43–4, 45, 50, 74, 75, 78, 80, Stanhope, Jon, 218, 219 104, 109, 134, 135, 138, State Bank (NSW), 55; 156–7, 162, 183, 184, 185, State Bank (SA), 105, 112, 116, 125, 186, 187, 198 128 territory, 2, 209, 210, 212, 213, State Bank (Vic.) see State Savings 214, 219, 224–5, 226, 227, 237 Bank of Victoria Senate, 3, 5–6, 14–5, 20, 25, 26, 27, State Electricity Commission of 30–4, 93, 114, 118, 144, 148, 167, Victoria (SECV), 162, 177, 178 186, 194–5, 197, 210, 211, 212, State Government Insurance 224, 264 Commission (SA), 125, 128 vacancies, 29 State Labor Party, 60, 122 see also bicameralism; upper house see also Lang Labor Party Senior Executive Service (NSW), 55 State Savings Bank of Victoria (SBV), Serle, Geoffrey, 156 162, 173, 182 share of government (of party or statehood see Northern Territory coalition), 248–50 states, Australian, 1–11, 30–3, 34, 40, Sharman, Campbell, 141, 143, 145, 43, 108, 182, 239–262 263 see also by name Sheldon, Joan, 97 Stevens, Bertram, 45, 47, 53 Shooters Party, 49, 70 Stone, Bruce, 260 see also gun lobby Stone, Shane, 226, 233 Siberia, 227 Stretton, Hugh, 129 Singapore, 133 Strickland, Gerald, 45 single member district see electoral strikes, 41, 77 districts Stuart (electoral district), 233 single transferable vote see propor- suffrage see franchise tional representation supply (bill), 26, 33, 136, 163, 165, Smith, Warwick, 220 173, 174, 175 Smith, William Forgan, 101 see also parliamentary government Smyth, Brendan, 221 Swan River colony, 184 Smyth, Paul, 219 Swan, Wayne, 87 social activities (portfolios), 34–6, Switzerland, 6 54–5, 100, 128, 150, 238 Sydney, 42, 43, 59, 75, 77, 107, 128, Socialist Left (faction), 174 154, 155, 180, 210, 219 see also Australian Labor Party: factions Tanzania, 266 South Australia (SA), 5, 10, 19, 43, Tasmania (Tas.), 10, 18, 21, 60, 71, 122, 59, 104–30, 138, 141, 177, 185, 131–53, 185, 206, 234, 243, 244–6, 204, 206, 224, 243, 244–6, 247, 248, 249, 250–2, 253–4, 256 248, 249, 250–2, 254, 256 Tasmania First Party, 143, 150 South Australia First Party, 114 Tennant Creek, 233 South Australian Gas Company, 128 territories see Australian Capital Southbank, 177 Territory; Northern Territory; self- Soviet Union, 165 government speaker, of assembly, 52, 81, 82, 141, Territory Labor, 237 213, 235, 236, 264 see also Australian Labor Party; Spooner, E. S., 45 Northern Territory

322 AUSTRALIAN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

Theodore, Edward, 79, 82 see also Greens: Western Australia Thompson, Lindsay, 169 Van Diemen’s Land, 134 ticket voting (for proportional Vaughan, Crawford, 114 representation), 49, 58, 144, 218 Verran, John, 114, 265 Tonkin, David, 118, 125 Victoria (Vic.), 10, 14, 19, 21, 25, 42, Toohey, Jim, 115, 116 43, 55, 63, 71, 106, 107, 108, 132, Torrens title, 104, 265 141, 154–82, 185, 206, 207, 243, Torres Strait Islanders, 76, 77 245–6, 248, 249, 250–2, 253–4, 256 Trade Union and Labour Congress Victorian Economic Development (WA), 188 Corporation (VEDC), 172 trade unions, 7, 25, 26, 60, 76, 78, 79, Victorian Railways, 162 87, 115, 163, 170, 171, 173, 187, Vietnam, 13 188, 190, 191, 228 Trades and Labour Council (Qld), 76–7 WA Inc., 205 Trades and Labour Council (WA), 188 Wainwright, J. W., 265 Tricontinental Bank, 173 Wakeﬁeld settlement scheme, 109 Tucker, Kerry, 222 Wakehurst, Lord, 45 Tuxworth, Ian, 233 Walsh, Frank, 111, 112, 115, 123, 129 Watson, John Christian, 23 uncontested seats, 116, 187, 199–202 Weller, Patrick, 233 unicameral legislature, 81, 99, 236 Wentworth, W. C., 44, 46 see also assembly; Australian Wesley Vale, 141 Capital Territory; bicameralism; West Lakes, 124 Northern Territory; Queensland Western Australia (WA), 4, 10, 19, 59, unions see trade unions 107, 122, 138, 146, 167, 180, United Australia Party (UAP), 23, 30, 183–208, 243, 245–6, 247, 248, 45, 53, 64, 66, 70, 88, 163, 168, 250–2, 254, 255–6 241, 246, 266 Westminster see British parliamentary see also Liberal Party; National tradition Party (Nationalists) Whig, 108 United Canberra Party, 221 Whitlam, Edward Gough, 26, 33, 38, United Country Party (Vic.), 253, 264 39–40, 42, 83, 124, 125, 169, 186, see also Country Party: Victoria 225 United Party (Qld), 88 Whyalla, 123 United States, 4, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 82, Wik case see native title 165, 185, 265 Wilenski, Peter, 55 Uniting Church, 107 Wilenski Review of New South Wales Unity Party, 49 Government Administration, 55 University of Western Australia, 263 Willis, Henry, 52 Unsworth, Barrie, 63 Wollongong, 59 upper house (of parliament), 2–3, 5–6, Wood, William, 220 7, 16, 20, 30, 47–8, 70, 80, 84, World Trade Organization, 151 131, 136, 137, 138, 155, 175, Wran, Neville, 42, 43, 48, 51, 52, 53, 184, 186, 203, 210, 264 56, 57, 59, 61, 63, 72, 73 see also bicameralism; legislative council; Senate Yarra River, 159

Valentine Peace Group, 194 zones, electoral see malapportionment