Puvirnituq River
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Puvirnituq River Safety Protocol Prepared by : Eric Leclair Prepared for : Nunavik Parks and Nunaturlik Landholding Corporation of Kangiqsujuaq February 2012 1 Table of Contents 1.1 Foreword 3 1.2 Lakes of Pingualuit National Park (km 412 – km 382) 4 1.2.1 Information 5 1.2.2 Hazards and Safety 5 1.3 Upper Puvirnituq (km 382 – km 260) 7 1.3.1 Information 8 1.3.2 Hazards and Safety 8 1.4 Allemand Lake (km 260 – km 204) 11 1.4.1 Information 12 1.4.2 Hazards and Safety 12 1.5 Lower Puvirnituq (km 204 – km 0) 14 1.5.1 Information 15 1.5.2 Hazards and Safety 15 1.6 Safety and Emergency 18 1.6.1 Group Safety 19 1.6.2 Logistics and Equipment 19 1.6.3 Emergency Phone Numbers 20 2 1.1 Foreword The recommendations in this safety protocol, although based on common sense, cannot replace the sound judgement of an experienced guide when faced with a multitude of possible situations. The survey, on which the River Map and the recommendations of this Safety Protocol are based, was completed between July 3rd and July 21st 2011. The second section of the Puvirnituq River « The Upper Puvirnituq » was paddled at a medium water level and the fourth section « The Lower Puvirnituq » at medium to high water level. Therefore, the River Map and the recommendations in this Safety Protocol, have been made at those particular water levels and are very accurate at those particular water levels. But on the Puvirnituq, especially between km 382 and km 296, the water level can come down quite fast, therefore changing drastically the conditions. Good scouting is always advisable! The Puvirnituq River flows in an exceptionally wild and remote area. The climatic conditions are severe and external assistance, even if urgent, might take days to arrive, due to bad weather conditions. It is therefore very important to have a preventive attitude and sufficient experience to anticipate potential problems that, if not well handled, could lead to dangerous situations. The most common incident is not usually a fatal swim in the rapids or the loss of a canoe, wrapped around a rock, but rather, a sprained knee or ankle while walking on shore. This minor condition usually means that the injured person cannot continue and must be evacuated. Good leadership skills include the prevention of such incidents. Every detail is important out there! The participants must be confident running Class 3 rapids and have a lot of canoe tripping experience. Some people in the group must have river rescue and wilderness first aid skills. Some more experienced people can balance the lack of experience of others, but keep in mind that an expedition group moves only as fast as its slowest member. If some participants are too slow, because they portage or line every rapid, this can compromise the entire trip! Note : You must register your trip with Nunavik Parks and hold an authorization issued by the park authorities. http://www.parcsnunavik.ca/en/parks/regulations-conservation/index.htm 3 1.2 Lakes of Pingualuit National Park (km 412 - km 382) Flowing in a territory of ice, rocks and lichens, the headwaters of the Puvirnituq River offer a direct contact with the raw power of elements. At the launch point, the time frame which is free of ice is only of 20 days. Add icy winds, an average temperature of 7 C, precipitation in snow or in rain almost daily: you are in hypothermia country. It is a playground which allows no error. 4 1.2.1 Information (km 412 - km 382) Lenght : 30 km. From km 412 to km 382. Best time of travel : July. There is 15 shallow areas of approximately 300 m each, for a total of 4,4 km of lining/portaging over the 30 km of that section. The earlier you are, the more water there is over those shallow areas, but keep in mind that the lakes start to melt beginning of July. Estimated time of travel : 3 days, + 0-3 days depending on ice cover and weather (high winds). Interests : Pingualuit Crater and good fishing. Landscape : Moonland. Rising 500’ above the flat ground, the crater rim is visible for 30 km. Lot’s of flat grassland and beaches offer good camping sites. Some eskers offer good views. How to get there : Twin-Otter airstrip at lake Laflamme or canoe up the Vachon (330 km). Other information : You must register your trip at the Pingualuit National Park office. Dangers : Rock gardens, high winds, ice cover and cold temperatures. Difficulty : Zone 2 : Navigation on big lakes. Some lining and hauling is needed between lakes. Topographical maps : 35H/5E, 35H/6W. 1.2.2 Hazards and Safety (km 412 - km 382) Guiding ratio : One Guide 2 for four canoes. FQCK certifications for Guide 2 are : EV III + SEV II + CC III. Participants : Provided beginners line or portage the few rapids, no experience is needed. Equipment : Average temperature in July is 5,6 C. Needless to say warm clothing and good rain + wind gear is mandatory. Sleeping bag with a least 4 inches of loft in a good waterproof bag. Good 3 or 4 season tent, that can withstand winds around 100 km/h. Don’t drop anything! Since there is nothing to build a fire from, good clothing is mandatory. Polyester fiber that can dry quickly and stay warm, even if wet, is preferable. Candlelight or stove provide extra warmth. River travel : * Rock gardens : The numerous shallow areas must be crossed carefully, especially if you choose to run the few rapids which contain many rocks! * High winds : Extra care must be taken while crossing those lakes to stay together. The guide should be nearby to help bring a team to shore, if a boat capsize in this cold water. Avoid travelling if it is windy, especially if you must travel upwind of an ice pack. Throw bag handy. * Ice cover : Travel together on them, to help people get on and out of the many ice packs. 5 Safety: The numerous shallow areas must be crossed carefully, especially if there is enough water to run them. Some of them have a good slope, making it hard to manoeuver your boat properly while still offering plenty of opportunities (rocks) to wrap your boat. It is a good idea to stay together on the lakes, to help people get on and off the many ice packs. Some are very thin and unstable, making it safer to be near each other and the canoe. Transportation/Evacuation : In case of minor injuries, the best way to get out of this section, would be to paddle up to the Twin-Otter airstrip at lake Laflamme and be evacuated from there by plane. Otherwise, if more urgent, there is plenty of helicopters in this area, operating for the different mining companies near the Pingualuit National Park area. See their phone numbers at the end (section 4.6.3). 6 1.3 Upper Puvirnituq (km 382 - km 260) The first 60 km flows through a small Canyon and presents an average slope of 0.3% which translate into an almost continuous class I + II rapid all the way down. However, great care must be taken between km 364 to km 356. The river gradient in this particular 8 km section is 0.6% and translate in a series of long and turbulent rapids. The next 60 km presents an average slope of 0.1%, but the rapids are grouped in a few big sets. With all the tributaries that flows in the Puvirnituq, the river is 3 times bigger and a class III here is much more impressive than in the first part. Keep in mind that the Puvirnituq River is the northernmost river in Nunavik and because of the numerous rocks that dot every rapid, a capsize here can have bad consequences. 7 1.3.1 Information (km 382 - km 260) Lenght : 122 km. From km 382 to km 260. River Gradient : 0.2% From 1550 to 700 feet. Best time of travel : Two first weeks of July. The river can be in flood anywhere between mid- June to the end of June. After this, the water level quickly goes down, and the first 42 km of this section will most likely involve lining, hauling and portaging as soon as beginning of August. Estimated time of travel : 5 days, + 1-2 days depending on weather (high winds). Interests : White water, archaeological sites, canyon and wildlife (falcons, caribous, wolfes etc). Landscape :The river slowly cut it’s way down through the plateau and offers great views for 35 km, while it flows down in a small canyon with 400 feet walls on each side. The next 50 km are a nice valley with gentle slopes between 200 and 300 feet. Apart from the canyon section, there are many good camping opportunities and nice views to observe the many caribous in this area. How to get there : Via Lake Saint-Germain or down an old Inuit portage (8 km) from Lake Laflamme to km 358 on the Puvirnituq, right at the beginning of the canyon. This alternative also allows to skip the most technical part of this section, which is between km 364 to km 356. Other information : Using this old Inuit portage leaves you with only 18 km of possible dry river bed (instead of 42 km) and allows you to travel the Puvirnituq in August or even September Dangers : Continuous rapids. Beginning of July, high water and ice undercuts can be very tricky.