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NASA Catches the Eye of Typhoon Lingling 5 September 2019
NASA catches the eye of Typhoon Lingling 5 September 2019 Warning Center or JTWC said that Typhoon Lingling, known locally in the Philippines as Liwayway, had moved away from the Philippines enough that warnings have been dropped. Lingling was located near 23.0 degrees north latitude and 125.4 degrees east longitude. That is 247 nautical miles southwest of Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan. Lingling was moving to the north- northeast and maximum sustained winds had increased to near 80 knots (75 mph/120.3 kph). JTWC forecasters said that Lingling is moving north and is expected to intensify to 105 knots (121 mph/194 kph) upon passing between Taiwan and Japan. Provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center On Sept. 4, 2019 at 1:20 a.m. EDT (0520 UTC) the MODIS instrument that flies aboard NASA's Terra satellite showed powerful thunderstorms circling Typhoon Lingling's visible eye. Credit: NASA/NRL Typhoon Lingling continues to strengthen in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean and NASA's Terra satellite imagery revealed the eye is now visible. On Sept. 4 at 1:20 a.m. EDT (0520 UTC) the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer or MODIS instrument that flies aboard NASA's Terra satellite showed powerful thunderstorms circling Typhoon Lingling's visible 15 nautical-mile wide eye. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) noted, "Animated enhanced infrared satellite imagery depicts tightly-curved banding wrapping into a ragged eye." In addition, microwave satellite imagery showed a well-defined microwave eye feature. At 11 a.m. EDT (1500 UTC), the Joint Typhoon 1 / 2 APA citation: NASA catches the eye of Typhoon Lingling (2019, September 5) retrieved 2 October 2021 from https://phys.org/news/2019-09-nasa-eye-typhoon-lingling.html This document is subject to copyright. -
Beijing – Forbidden City Maps
Beijing – Forbidden City Maps Forbidden City is the top attraction in Beijing and China plus the world’s most visited site. Imperial City was the domain of 24 Ming and Qing dynasty emperors before becoming the Palace Museum in 1925. Within 180 acres are nearly 1,000 historical palatial structures. Entrance: Meridian Gate, Dongcheng Qu, Donghuamen Rd, Beijing Shi, China, 100006 Also print the travel guide with photos and descriptions. ENCIRCLE PHOTOS © 2017 Richard F. Ebert All Rights Reserved. 1 Beijing – Forbidden City Map Also print travel guide with photos and descriptions. ENCIRCLE PHOTOS © 2017 Richard F. Ebert All Rights Reserved 2 Forbidden City – Outer Court Map Also print travel guide with photos and descriptions. ENCIRCLE PHOTOS © 2017 Richard F. Ebert All Rights Reserved 3 Forbidden City – Inner Court Map Also print travel guide with photos and descriptions. ENCIRCLE PHOTOS © 2017 Richard F. Ebert All Rights Reserved 4 1 Description of Forbidden City 14 Hall of Preserving Harmony Dragons 27 Pavilion at Jingshan Park 2 Tips for Visiting Forbidden City 15 Lions at Gate of Heavenly Purity 28 Northeast Corner Tower 3 Southeast Corner Tower 16 Palace of Heavenly Purity 4 Meridian Gate 17 Palace of Heavenly Purity Throne 5 History of Emperors 18 Grain Measure 6 Gate of Supreme Harmony 19 Bronze Turtle 7 Hall of Supreme Harmony Courtyard 20 Halls of Union and Earthly Tranquility 8 Belvedere of Embodying Benevolence 21 Hall of Imperial Peace 9 Hall of Supreme Harmony 22 400 Year Old Lianli Tree 10 Hall of Supreme Harmony Profile 23 Incense Burner 11 Two Great Halls in Outer Court 24 Springtime Pavilion 12 Houyou Men Gate 25 Autumn Pavilion 13 Gate of Heavenly Purity 26 Autumn Pavilion Ceiling Also print travel guide with photos and descriptions. -
Field Investigations of Coastal Sea Surface Temperature Drop
1 Field Investigations of Coastal Sea Surface Temperature Drop 2 after Typhoon Passages 3 Dong-Jiing Doong [1]* Jen-Ping Peng [2] Alexander V. Babanin [3] 4 [1] Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 5 Taiwan 6 [2] Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende (IOW), Rostock, Germany 7 [3] Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of 8 Melbourne, Australia 9 ---- 10 *Corresponding author: 11 Dong-Jiing Doong 12 Email: [email protected] 13 Tel: +886 6 2757575 ext 63253 14 Add: 1, University Rd., Tainan 70101, Taiwan 15 Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University 16 -1- 1 Abstract 2 Sea surface temperature (SST) variability affects marine ecosystems, fisheries, ocean primary 3 productivity, and human activities and is the primary influence on typhoon intensity. SST drops 4 of a few degrees in the open ocean after typhoon passages have been widely documented; 5 however, few studies have focused on coastal SST variability. The purpose of this study is to 6 determine typhoon-induced SST drops in the near-coastal area (within 1 km of the coast) and 7 understand the possible mechanism. The results of this study were based on extensive field data 8 analysis. Significant SST drop phenomena were observed at the Longdong buoy in northeastern 9 Taiwan during 43 typhoons over the past 20 years (1998~2017). The mean SST drop (∆SST) 10 after a typhoon passage was 6.1 °C, and the maximum drop was 12.5 °C (Typhoon Fungwong 11 in 2008). -
A Prototype KPOPS-Climate Development
KOPRI Final Report 2020.1 A prototype KPOPS-Climate development Sub-project: Development of a prototype of KPOPS automated management system for quasi-real time climate prediction model Main-project: Development and Application of the Korea Polar Prediction System (KPOPS) for Climate Change and Weather Disaster Dongwook Shin and Steve Cocke Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University Tallahassee, FL, USA Submission To : Chief of Korea Polar Research Institute This report is submitted as the final report (Report title: “a prototype KPOPS-Climate development”) of entrusted research “Development of a prototype of KPOPS automated management system for quasi-real time climate prediction model” project of “Development and Application of the Korea Polar Prediction System (KPOPS) for Climate Change and Weather Disaster” project. 2020. 1. 31 Person in charge of Entire Research : 김 주 홍 Name of Entrusted Organization : FSU/COAPS Entrusted Researcher in charge : Dongwook Shin Participating Entrusted Researchers : Steven Cocke 1 Summary I. Title A prototype KPOPS-Climate development II. Purpose and Necessity of R&D The main purpose of this R&D is to develop a prototype quasi-operational sub- seasonal to seasonal climate modeling system in the KOPRI computer cluster. The KOPRI and the FSU/COAPS scientists work closely together to initiate, improve and optimize the first version of the KPOPS-Climate in order to make a reliable sub- seasonal to seasonal climate prediction system which necessarily provides a better weather/climate guidance to the Korean policy decision makers, environmental risk protection managers and/or the public. III. Contents and Extent of R&D An initial version of the prototype KPOPS-Climate was developed and installed in the KOPRI computer cluster. -
The Effect of Typhoon on POC Flux
Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Biogeosciences Discuss., 7, 3521–3550, 2010 Biogeosciences www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/7/3521/2010/ Discussions BGD doi:10.5194/bgd-7-3521-2010 7, 3521–3550, 2010 © Author(s) 2010. CC Attribution 3.0 License. The effect of typhoon This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Biogeosciences (BG). on POC flux Please refer to the corresponding final paper in BG if available. C.-C. Hung et al. The effect of typhoon on particulate Title Page Abstract Introduction organic carbon flux in the southern East Conclusions References China Sea Tables Figures C.-C. Hung1, G.-C. Gong1, W.-C. Chou1, C.-C. Chung1,2, M.-A. Lee3, Y. Chang3, J I H.-Y. Chen4, S.-J. Huang4, Y. Yang5, W.-R. Yang5, W.-C. Chung1, S.-L. Li1, and 6 E. Laws J I 1Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University Back Close Keelung, 20224, Taiwan 2Center for Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung, Full Screen / Esc 20224, Taiwan 3 Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean Printer-friendly Version University, 20224, Taiwan 4Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Interactive Discussion Keelung, 20224, Taiwan 5Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan 3521 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | BGD 6 Department of Environmental Sciences, School of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana 7, 3521–3550, 2010 State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA Received: 16 April 2010 – Accepted: 7 May 2010 – Published: 19 May 2010 The effect of typhoon on POC flux Correspondence to: C.-C. -
Upper Ocean Response to Typhoon Kalmaegi and Sarika in the South China Sea from Multiple-Satellite Observations and Numerical Simulations
remote sensing Article Upper Ocean Response to Typhoon Kalmaegi and Sarika in the South China Sea from Multiple-Satellite Observations and Numerical Simulations Xinxin Yue 1, Biao Zhang 1,* ID , Guoqiang Liu 1,2, Xiaofeng Li 3 ID , Han Zhang 4 and Yijun He 1 ID 1 School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; [email protected] (X.Y.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (Y.H.) 2 Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada 3 GST at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/NESDIS, College Park, MD 20740-3818, USA; [email protected] 4 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Hangzhou 310012, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 December 2017; Accepted: 22 February 2018; Published: 24 February 2018 Abstract: We investigated ocean surface and subsurface physical responses to Typhoons Kalmaegi and Sarika in the South China Sea, utilizing synergistic multiple-satellite observations, in situ measurements, and numerical simulations. We found significant typhoon-induced sea surface cooling using satellite sea surface temperature (SST) observations and numerical model simulations. This cooling was mainly caused by vertical mixing and upwelling. The maximum amplitudes were 6 ◦C and 4.2 ◦C for Typhoons Kalmaegi and Sarika, respectively. For Typhoon Sarika, Argo temperature profile measurements showed that temperature response beneath the surface showed a three-layer vertical structure (decreasing-increasing-decreasing). Satellite salinity observations showed that the maximum increase of sea surface salinity (SSS) was 2.2 psu on the right side of Typhoon Sarika’s track, and the maximum decrease of SSS was 1.4 psu on the left. -
Strong Enhancement of Chlorophyll a Concentration by a Weak Typhoon
Vol. 404: 39–50, 2010 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published April 8 doi: 10.3354/meps08477 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Strong enhancement of chlorophyll a concentration by a weak typhoon Liang Sun1, 2,*, Yuan-Jian Yang3, Tao Xian1, Zhu-min Lu4, Yun-Fei Fu1 1Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation and Climatological Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China 2LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China 3Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China 4Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China ABSTRACT: Recent studies demonstrate that chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations in ocean surface waters can be significantly enhanced due to typhoons. The present study investigated chl a concen- trations in the middle of the South China Sea (SCS) from 1997 to 2007. Only the Category 1 (minimal) Typhoon Hagibis (2007) had a notable effect on chl a concentrations. Typhoon Hagibis had a strong upwelling potential due to its location near the equator, and the forcing time of the typhoon (>82 h) was much longer than the geostrophic adjustment time (~63 h). The higher upwelling velocity and the longer forcing time increased the depth of the mixed-layer, which consequently induced a strong phytoplankton bloom that accounted for about 30% of the total annual chl a concentration in the middle of the SCS. Induction of significant upper ocean responses can be expected if the forcing time of a typhoon is long enough to establish strong upwelling. -
Statistical Characteristics of the Response of Sea Surface Temperatures to Westward Typhoons in the South China Sea
remote sensing Article Statistical Characteristics of the Response of Sea Surface Temperatures to Westward Typhoons in the South China Sea Zhaoyue Ma 1, Yuanzhi Zhang 1,2,*, Renhao Wu 3 and Rong Na 4 1 School of Marine Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; [email protected] 2 Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999777, China 3 School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; [email protected] 4 College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-1888-885-3470 Abstract: The strong interaction between a typhoon and ocean air is one of the most important forms of typhoon and sea air interaction. In this paper, the daily mean sea surface temperature (SST) data of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observation System (EOS) (AMSR-E) are used to analyze the reduction in SST caused by 30 westward typhoons from 1998 to 2018. The findings reveal that 20 typhoons exerted obvious SST cooling areas. Moreover, 97.5% of the cooling locations appeared near and on the right side of the path, while only one appeared on the left side of the path. The decrease in SST generally lasted 6–7 days. Over time, the cooling center continued to diffuse, and the SST gradually rose. The slope of the recovery curve was concentrated between 0.1 and 0.5. -
Capital Adequacy (E) Task Force RBC Proposal Form
Capital Adequacy (E) Task Force RBC Proposal Form [ ] Capital Adequacy (E) Task Force [ x ] Health RBC (E) Working Group [ ] Life RBC (E) Working Group [ ] Catastrophe Risk (E) Subgroup [ ] Investment RBC (E) Working Group [ ] SMI RBC (E) Subgroup [ ] C3 Phase II/ AG43 (E/A) Subgroup [ ] P/C RBC (E) Working Group [ ] Stress Testing (E) Subgroup DATE: 08/31/2020 FOR NAIC USE ONLY CONTACT PERSON: Crystal Brown Agenda Item # 2020-07-H TELEPHONE: 816-783-8146 Year 2021 EMAIL ADDRESS: [email protected] DISPOSITION [ x ] ADOPTED WG 10/29/20 & TF 11/19/20 ON BEHALF OF: Health RBC (E) Working Group [ ] REJECTED NAME: Steve Drutz [ ] DEFERRED TO TITLE: Chief Financial Analyst/Chair [ ] REFERRED TO OTHER NAIC GROUP AFFILIATION: WA Office of Insurance Commissioner [ ] EXPOSED ________________ ADDRESS: 5000 Capitol Blvd SE [ ] OTHER (SPECIFY) Tumwater, WA 98501 IDENTIFICATION OF SOURCE AND FORM(S)/INSTRUCTIONS TO BE CHANGED [ x ] Health RBC Blanks [ x ] Health RBC Instructions [ ] Other ___________________ [ ] Life and Fraternal RBC Blanks [ ] Life and Fraternal RBC Instructions [ ] Property/Casualty RBC Blanks [ ] Property/Casualty RBC Instructions DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE(S) Split the Bonds and Misc. Fixed Income Assets into separate pages (Page XR007 and XR008). REASON OR JUSTIFICATION FOR CHANGE ** Currently the Bonds and Misc. Fixed Income Assets are included on page XR007 of the Health RBC formula. With the implementation of the 20 bond designations and the electronic only tables, the Bonds and Misc. Fixed Income Assets were split between two tabs in the excel file for use of the electronic only tables and ease of printing. However, for increased transparency and system requirements, it is suggested that these pages be split into separate page numbers beginning with year-2021. -
Golden Week Tourism and Beijing City
Golden Week Tourism and Beijing City ZHAO Jian-Tong, ZHU Wen-Yi Abstract: Tourist Industry plays an important role in Beijing’s national economy and social development. After the Beijing Olympic Games, the urban space of Beijing has turned into a new development stage, and the city’s tourist attractiveness has been further improved. Beijing has been the hottest tourist city nationwide in National Day Golden Week for years running, and the new characteristics and problems of its urban space are concentratedly shown during the holiday. Through a brief summary of the tourist status and related urban spaces of Beijing, which is examined along the Golden Week tours, the new development stage of Beijing urban space will be discussed. Keywords: Beijing, Golden Week, Tourism, Urban Space The 7-day holiday of National Day, since set up in 1999, has rapidly become the most popular time for travel in China, both in terms of number and amassing of tourists. The main scenic spots and regions in Beijing are continuously facing with “blowouts”, and the record of the city’s tourist income has been constantly broken. The National Day holiday is the true “GOLDEN WEEK” of tourism in Beijing. After the 2008 Olympic Games, the city’s tourist attractiveness has been further improved. Beijing has been the hottest destination city nationwide in Golden Week from 2008 to 2010 (Figure 1); Tian An Men, the Forbidden City and the Great Wall stood on the top list of scenic spots concerned (Figure 2). Figure 1: Top three domestic destination cities in Golden Week in China, from 2008 to 2010 Figure 2: Beijing’s most popular scenic spots in Golden Week, from 2008 to 2010 Again in 2011, Beijing was crowned as the No.1 destination city nationwide in Golden Week1, and the city experienced another tourism peak. -
Investigating Different Bio-Responses of the Upper Ocean to Typhoon Haitang Using Argo and Satellite Data
Chin. Sci. Bull. (2014) 59(8):785–794 csb.scichina.com DOI 10.1007/s11434-013-0101-9 www.springer.com/scp Article Oceanology Investigating different bio-responses of the upper ocean to Typhoon Haitang using Argo and satellite data Haixia Shan • Yuping Guan • Jianping Huang Received: 30 April 2013 / Accepted: 24 July 2013 / Published online: 23 January 2014 Ó Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract The responses of the upper ocean to Typhoon region A, region B showed no significant enhancement Haitang in July 2005 are investigated using Argo float of Chl-a but strong SST cooling. and multiplatform satellite data. The results show decreasing sea surface temperature (SST), a deepening of Keywords Ocean response Á Tropical cyclone Á the mixed layer depth (MLD), and enhanced Chloro- SST cooling Á Ekman pumping Á phyll-a (Chl-a) concentration. Two extreme cool regions Chlorophyll-a enhancement are identified. While the magnitude of SST cooling in the two regions is similar, the biological response (Chl- a enhancement) differs. To facilitate comparisons, the 1 Introduction region to the northeast of Taiwan is defined as region A and the region east of Taiwan as region B. Ekman Tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause a significant decrease in pumping and the intrusion of the Kuroshio play an sea surface temperature (SST) and enhanced Chlorophyll- important role in the enhancement of Chl-a in region A. a (Chl-a) concentration. Previous studies have shown that Cold eddies provide the material source for the forma- SST dropped by more than 9 and 11 °C in response to the tion of the cold center in region B, where mixing is passage of typhoons Kai-Tak [1] and Lingling [2], dominant. -
Numerical Study on the Expansion and Variation of Changjiang Diluted Water in Summer and Autumn
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article Numerical Study on the Expansion and Variation of Changjiang Diluted Water in Summer and Autumn Wanli Hou 1, Menglin Ba 1, Jie Bai 2 and Jianghua Yu 1,* 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; [email protected] (W.H.); [email protected] (M.B.) 2 Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-25-58695677; Fax: +86-25-58731090 Abstract: In view of the expansion and directional change mechanisms of Yangtze River water diluted with sea water in the shelf region (also known as Changjiang diluted water [CDW]) during summer and autumn, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) and its adjacent waters was established based on the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). Compared with the measured data, the model accurately simulates the hydrodynamic characteristics of the YRE. On that basis, the influence of the expansion patterns of the CDW in both summer and autumn was studied. It was found that, in 2019, the CDW expanded to the northeast in the summer and to the southeast in the autumn, and that the route of the CDW is mainly controlled by the wind, not the runoff. Current seasonal winds also change the transportation route of the CDW by affecting its hydrodynamic field.