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Physical Expression of Sacred Space Among the Ancient Maya
Trinity University Digital Commons @ Trinity Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Research Sociology and Anthropology Department 1-2004 Models of Cosmic Order: Physical Expression of Sacred Space Among the Ancient Maya Jennifer P. Mathews Trinity University, [email protected] J. F. Garber Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/socanthro_faculty Part of the Anthropology Commons, and the Sociology Commons Repository Citation Mathews, J. P., & Garber, J. F. (2004). Models of cosmic order: Physical expression of sacred space among the ancient Maya. Ancient Mesoamerica, 15(1), 49-59. doi: 10.1017/S0956536104151031 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology and Anthropology Department at Digital Commons @ Trinity. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Research by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Trinity. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ancient Mesoamerica, 15 (2004), 49–59 Copyright © 2004 Cambridge University Press. Printed in the U.S.A. DOI: 10.1017/S0956536104151031 MODELS OF COSMIC ORDER Physical expression of sacred space among the ancient Maya Jennifer P. Mathewsa and James F. Garberb aDepartment of Sociology and Anthropology, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA bDepartment of Anthropology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA Abstract The archaeological record, as well as written texts, oral traditions, and iconographic representations, express the Maya perception of cosmic order, including the concepts of quadripartite division and layered cosmos. The ritual act of portioning and layering created spatial order and was used to organize everything from the heavens to the layout of altars. -
CATALOG Mayan Stelaes
CATALOG Mayan Stelaes Palos Mayan Collection 1 Table of Contents Aguateca 4 Ceibal 13 Dos Pilas 20 El Baúl 23 Itsimite 27 Ixlu 29 Ixtutz 31 Jimbal 33 Kaminaljuyu 35 La Amelia 37 Piedras Negras 39 Polol 41 Quirigia 43 Tikal 45 Yaxha 56 Mayan Fragments 58 Rubbings 62 Small Sculptures 65 2 About Palos Mayan Collection The Palos Mayan Collection includes 90 reproductions of pre-Columbian stone carvings originally created by the Mayan and Pipil people traced back to 879 A.D. The Palos Mayan Collection sculptures are created by master sculptor Manuel Palos from scholar Joan W. Patten’s casts and rubbings of the original artifacts in Guatemala. Patten received official permission from the Guatemalan government to create casts and rubbings of original Mayan carvings and bequeathed her replicas to collaborator Manuel Palos. Some of the originals stelae were later stolen or destroyed, leaving Patten’s castings and rubbings as their only remaining record. These fine art-quality Maya Stelae reproductions are available for purchase by museums, universities, and private collectors through Palos Studio. You are invited to book a virtual tour or an in- person tour through [email protected] 3 Aguateca Aguateca is in the southwestern part of the Department of the Peten, Guatemala, about 15 kilometers south of the village of Sayaxche, on a ridge on the western side of Late Petexbatun. AGUATECA STELA 1 (50”x85”) A.D. 741 - Late Classic Presumed to be a ruler of Aguatecas, his head is turned in an expression of innate authority, personifying the rank implied by the symbols adorning his costume. -
The Terminal Classic Period at Ceibal and in the Maya Lowlands
THE TERMINAL CLASSIC PERIOD AT CEIBAL AND IN THE MAYA LOWLANDS Takeshi Inomata and Daniela Triadan University of Arizona Ceibal is well known for the pioneering investigations conducted by Harvard University in the 1960s (Sabloff 1975; Smith 1982; Tourtellot 1988; Willey 1990). Since then, Ceibal has been considered to be a key site in the study of the Classic Maya collapse (Sabloff 1973a, 1973b; Sabloff and Willey 1967). The results of this project led scholars to hypothesize the following: 1) Ceibal survived substantially longer than other centers through the period of the Maya collapse; and 2) the new styles of monuments and new types of ceramics resulted from foreign invasions, which contributed to the Maya collapse. In 2005 we decided to revisit this important site to re-examine these questions in the light of recent developments in Maya archaeology and epigraphy. The results of the new research help us to shape a more refined understanding of the political process during the Terminal Classic period. The important points that we would like to emphasize in this paper are: 1) Ceibal did not simply survive through this turbulent period, but it also experienced political disruptions like many other centers; 2) this period of political disruptions was followed by a revival of Ceibal; and 3) our data support the more recent view that there were no foreign invasions; instead the residents of Ceibal were reorganizing and expanding their inter-regional networks of interaction. Ceibal is located on the Pasión River, and a comparison with the nearby Petexbatun centers, including Dos Pilas and Aguateca, is suggestive. -
Geplünderte Maya-Monumente Aus La Naya, Petén, Guatemala
Karl Herbert Mayer Geplünderte Maya-Monumente aus La Naya, Petén, Guatemala Resumen: En el pequeño sitio arqueológico La Naya había original- mente algunas estelas del clásico temprano y del clásico tardío. En su estilo local, las estelas se parecen a monumentos del clásico temprano del sitio El Zapote que se encuentra a tan solo 18 km al oeste de La Naya. Las semejanzas iconográficas aparecen, particularmente, en las decoraciones de cabeza y en el vestido. La única estela en La Naya la que está en buenas condiciones, la Estela 1, menciona, en su epigrafía, una relación dinástica con la ciudad de Yaxhá, centro maya que está ubicado al este de La Naya. Summary: At the small archaeological site of La Naya there were, originally, several stelae dating to the Early and Late Classic period. The stelae show a regional style related to the Early Classic stone monuments from the site of El Zapote, located only 18 kilometers west of La Naya; the iconographical similarities are particularly evident in the headdresses and costumes. The text on the best preserved monument from La Naya, Stela 1, commemorates dynastic relations to the city of Yaxhá , a Maya center east of La Naya. Einführung Der archäologische Fundort La Naya liegt im Nordosten des guatemaltekischen Departements Petén, etwa 8 Kilometer nördlich des Dorfes Las Viñas, das sich an der Straße, die die Hauptstadt Flores mit der Grenzstation nach Belize, Melchor de Mencos, verbindet, befindet. La Naya ist ein kleiner, dichtbebauter Ort nahe der großen Wasserstelle Aguada oder Laguna del Tigre. Es gibt keine stehenden Bauwerke mehr und die Siedlungshügel sind nicht sehr hoch. -
Late Classic Maya Political Structure, Polity Size, and Warfare Arenas
LATE CLASSIC MAYA POLITICAL STRUCTURE, POLITY SIZE, AND WARFARE ARENAS Arlen F. CHASE and Diane Z. CHASE Department of Sociology and Anthropology University of Central Florida Studies of the ancient Maya have moved forward at an exceedingly rapid rate. New sites have been discovered and long-term excavations in a series of sites and regions have provided a substantial data base for interpreting ancient Maya civili- zation. New hieroglyphic texts have been found and greater numbers of texts can be read. These data have amplified our understanding of the relationships among subsistence systems, economy, and settlement to such an extent that ancient Maya social and political organization can no longer be viewed as a simple dichoto- mous priest-peasant (elite-commoner) model. Likewise, monumental Maya archi- tecture is no longer viewed as being indicative of an unoccupied ceremonial center, but rather is seen as the locus of substantial economic and political activity. In spite of these advances, substantial discussion still exists concerning the size of Maya polities, whether these polities were centralized or uncentralized, and over the kinds of secular interactions that existed among them. This is espe- cially evident in studies of aggression among Maya political units. The Maya are no longer considered a peaceful people; however, among some modern Maya scholars, the idea still exists that the Maya did not practice real war, that there was little destruction associated with military activity, and that there were no spoils of economic consequence. Instead, the Maya elite are portrayed as engaging predo- minantly in raids or ritual battles (Freidel 1986; Schele and Mathews 1991). -
Terminal Classic Occupation in the Maya Sites Located in the Area of Triangulo Park, Peten, Guatemala
Prace Archeologiczne No. 62 Monographs Jarosław Źrałka Terminal Classic Occupation in the Maya Sites Located in the Area of Triangulo Park, Peten, Guatemala Jagiellonian University Press Kraków 2008 For Alicja and Elżbieta CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER I: Introduction .................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER II: Triangulo Park – defi nition, geographical environment, history and methodology of research ............................................................. 19 CHAPTER III: Analysis of Terminal Classic occupation in the area of Triangulo Park ............................................................................................. 27 – Nakum ............................................................................................................ 27 – Naranjo ........................................................................................................... 135 – Yaxha .............................................................................................................. 146 – Minor sites ...................................................................................................... 175 – Intersite areas .................................................................................................. 187 CHAPTER IV: Summary and conclusions ......................................................... 191 – The Terminal Classic period in the Southern Maya Lowlands: an -
High-Precision Radiocarbon Dating of Political Collapse and Dynastic Origins at the Maya Site of Ceibal, Guatemala
High-precision radiocarbon dating of political collapse and dynastic origins at the Maya site of Ceibal, Guatemala Takeshi Inomata (猪俣 健)a,1, Daniela Triadana, Jessica MacLellana, Melissa Burhama, Kazuo Aoyama (青山 和夫)b, Juan Manuel Palomoa, Hitoshi Yonenobu (米延 仁志)c, Flory Pinzónd, and Hiroo Nasu (那須 浩郎)e aSchool of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0030; bFaculty of Humanities, Ibaraki University, Mito, 310-8512, Japan; cGraduate School of Education, Naruto University of Education, Naruto, 772-8502, Japan; dCeibal-Petexbatun Archaeological Project, Guatemala City, 01005, Guatemala; and eSchool of Advanced Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, 240-0193, Japan Edited by Jeremy A. Sabloff, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, and approved December 19, 2016 (received for review October 30, 2016) The lowland Maya site of Ceibal, Guatemala, had a long history of resolution chronology may reveal a sequence of rapid transformations occupation, spanning from the Middle Preclassic period through that are comprised within what appears to be a slow, gradual transi- the Terminal Classic (1000 BC to AD 950). The Ceibal-Petexbatun tion. Such a detailed understanding can provide critical insights into Archaeological Project has been conducting archaeological inves- the nature of the social changes. Our intensive archaeological inves- tigations at this site since 2005 and has obtained 154 radiocarbon tigations at the center of Ceibal, Guatemala, have produced 154 ra- dates, which represent the largest collection of radiocarbon assays diocarbon dates, which represent the largest set of radiocarbon assays from a single Maya site. The Bayesian analysis of these dates, ever collected at a Maya site. -
La Ciudad De Machaquila
1 LA CIUDAD DE MACHAQUILA Jorge E. Chocón Juan Pedro Laporte El río Machaquila es uno de los afluentes mayores en Petén y es una de las fuentes principales del río Pasión y, por lo tanto, parte de la vertiente del sistema Usumacinta (Laporte et al. 2001). Es un río mayor que recorre un amplio territorio (varias hojas cartográficas: Montañas Mayas, Machaquila, Concoma, Río San Juan, Santa Amelia - al menos 80 km). El río Machaquila nace en la sección más alta de las Montañas Mayas, el cual ocupa en territorio beliceño parte de los distritos de El Cayo y Toledo. Al descender la montaña atraviesa el municipio de Poptun y, ya en sectores de tierra baja, parte del de Sayaxche. Aunque gran parte del terreno que recorre es de carácter calcáreo, no parece tener dolinas, por lo que no se resume en el subsuelo (Laporte 2001). La confluencia del río Concoma marca el inicio de la sección baja del río Machaquila, que se extiende hasta la unión del río Santa Amelia, por cerca de 40 km, el río corre a una menor altura de hasta 200 m sobre el nivel del mar. Es una zona poco conocida en un nivel arqueológico y en él se localiza el sitio mayor conocido como Machaquila. La cuenca baja del río Machaquila abarca un amplio territorio de compleja topografía dado lo quebrado de la serranía cárstica que allí se desarrolla. A partir de la confluencia del río Concoma, el Machaquila sigue adelante hasta confluir a su vez con el río Santa Amelia, el cual – aunque no es tan largo como aquel – tiene un caudal mayor, por lo que adopta entonces el nombre Santa Amelia y ya no Machaquila. -
The PARI Journal Vol. XVI, No. 2
ThePARIJournal A quarterly publication of the Ancient Cultures Institute Volume XVI, No. 2, Fall 2015 In This Issue: For Love of the Game: For Love of the The Ballplayer Panels of Tipan Chen Uitz Game: The Ballplayer Panels of in Light of Late Classic Athletic Hegemony Tipan Chen Uitz in Light of Late Classic CHRISTOPHE HELMKE Athletic Hegemony University of Copenhagen by CHRISTOPHER R. ANDRES Christophe Helmke Michigan State University Christopher R. Andres Shawn G. Morton and SHAWN G. MORTON University of Calgary Gabriel D. Wrobel PAGES 1-30 GABRIEL D. WROBEL Michigan State University • The Maya Goddess One of the principal motifs of ancient Maya ballplayers are found preferentially at of Painting, iconography concerns the ballgame that sites that show some kind of interconnec- Writing, and was practiced both locally and through- tion and a greater degree of affinity to the Decorated Textiles out Mesoamerica. The pervasiveness of kings of the Snake-head dynasty that had ballgame iconography in the Maya area its seat at Calakmul in the Late Classic (see by has been recognized for some time and Martin 2005). This then is the idea that is Timothy W. Knowlton has been the subject of several pioneering proposed in this paper, and by reviewing PAGES 31-41 and insightful studies, including those some salient examples from a selection • of Stephen Houston (1983), Linda Schele of sites in the Maya lowlands, we hope The Further and Mary Miller (1986:241-264), Nicholas to make it clear that the commemoration Adventures of Merle Hellmuth (1987), Mary Miller and Stephen of ballgame engagements wherein local (continued) Houston (1987; see also Miller 1989), rulers confront their overlord are charac- by Marvin Cohodas (1991), Linda Schele and teristic of the political rhetoric that was Merle Greene David Freidel (1991; see also Freidel et al. -
Inventario De Tesis De Estudiantes Guatemaltecos
Diciembre 2009 INVENTARIO DE TESIS DE ESTUDIANTES GUATEMALTECOS sobre temas de • estudios mayas, • arqueológicos, • arquitectura precolombina, • etnobotánica, • epigráficos, • etnohistóricos, • iconográficos • y museología Compiladoras: Antonieta Cajas y Cristina Guirola Inventario de tesis de estudiantes guatemaltecos sobre temas Mayas Por favor notar que: Este informe posee permisos restringidos para cualquier otro sitio web u organización. Asi mismo, puede que se haya actualizado si usted lo ha obtenido alguna versión de Contents otro sitio, ojo que puede ser una versión obsoleta. Introducción 1 Para obtener una versión legitima le sugerimos obtenerla de www.maya- Universidad Del Valle de Guatemala (UVG) 2 Arqueología 2 archaeology.org, www.digital-photography. Antropología 18 org o de nuestro nuevo sitio en tecnología Matemática 21 3D para el patrimonio cultural que ofrece Ingeniería en Alimentos 22 el escaneo en 3D de etno-botánica y etno- Maestría en Desarrollo 23 zoología www.3d-scanners-3d-software- reviews.org. Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC) 25 Arqueología 25 Si usted es educador en cualquier colegio o Agronomía 56 universidad, así mismo si es funcionario en Biología 56 cualquier sociedad científica, museo, jardín Antropología 57 botánico, parque zoológico o comparables, y Arquitectura 57 desea distribuir copias de este a su personal Economía 60 o estudiantes, por favor, simplemente Odontología 61 haganoslo saber para que podamos autorizar Diseño Gráfico 61 la distribución. Abogado y Notario 61 Ciencias de la Comunicación 62 Si su museo, universidad, colegio, jardín botánico, instalaciones zoológicas desea Universidad Francisco Marroquín (UFM) 63 Arquitectura 63 recibir todos los informes FLAAR en el futuro (comparable a un formato de suscripción), no Universidad Mariano Gálvez (UMG) 65 habrá ningún costo si arreglamos un sistema Arquitectura 65 de descarga para su institución (disponible Botánica 65 actualmente sólo para los museos, las universidades, y comparable). -
Understanding the Archaeology of a Maya Capital City Diane Z
Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology Volume 5 Archaeological Investigations in the Eastern Maya Lowlands: Papers of the 2007 Belize Archaeology Symposium Edited by John Morris, Sherilyne Jones, Jaime Awe and Christophe Helmke Institute of Archaeology National Institute of Culture and History Belmopan, Belize 2008 Editorial Board of the Institute of Archaeology, NICH John Morris, Sherilyne Jones, George Thompson, Jaime Awe and Christophe G.B. Helmke The Institute of Archaeology, Belmopan, Belize Jaime Awe, Director John Morris, Associate Director, Research and Education Brian Woodye, Associate Director, Parks Management George Thompson, Associate Director, Planning & Policy Management Sherilyne Jones, Research and Education Officer Cover design: Christophe Helmke Frontispiece: Postclassic Cao Modeled Diving God Figure from Santa Rita, Corozal Back cover: Postclassic Effigy Vessel from Lamanai (Photograph by Christophe Helmke). Layout and Graphic Design: Sherilyne Jones (Institute of Archaeology, Belize) George Thompson (Institute of Archaeology, Belize) Christophe G.B. Helmke (Københavns Universitet, Denmark) ISBN 978-976-8197-21-4 Copyright © 2008 Institute of Archaeology, National Institute of Culture and History, Belize. All rights reserved. Printed by Print Belize Limited. ii J. Morris et al. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our sincerest thanks to every individual who contributed to the success of our fifth symposium, and to the subsequent publication of the scientific contributions that are contained in the fifth volume of the Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology. A special thanks to Print Belize and the staff for their efforts to have the Symposium Volume printed on time despite receiving the documents on very short notice. We extend a special thank you to all our 2007 sponsors: Belize Communication Services Limited, The Protected Areas Conservation Trust (PACT), Galen University and Belize Electric Company Limited (BECOL) for their financial support. -
NICHOLAS P. CARTER, PH.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology Texas State University Evans Liberal Arts 258 N [email protected]
NICHOLAS P. CARTER, PH.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology Texas State University Evans Liberal Arts 258 [email protected] EDUCATION 2014 Ph.D. in Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Dissertation: “Kingship and Collapse: Inequality and Identity in the Terminal Classic Southern Maya Lowlands” 2010 A.M. in Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Thesis: “Paleographic Trends and Linguistic Processes in Classic Ch’olti’an: A Spatiotemporal Distributional Analysis” 2008 M.A. in Latin American Studies, University of Texas at Austin Thesis: “The ‘Emblem’ Monuments of Structure J at Monte Albán, Oaxaca, Mexico” 2003 B.A. in Philosophy, Our Lady of the Lake University, San Antonio, Texas PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS 2020– Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Texas State University 2016–2020 Research Associate in the Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, and Lecturer in the Department of Anthropology, Harvard University 2014–2015 Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Brown University PUBLICATIONS AND WORK IN PROGRESS Edited volumes In press The Adorned Body: Mapping Ancient Maya Dress, edited by Nicholas P. Carter, Stephen D. Houston, and Franco Rossi. University of Texas Press, Austin. Peer-reviewed journal articles 2019 Carter, Nicholas P., and Lauren Santini. “The Lord of Yellow Tree: A New Reference to a Minor Polity on Sacul Stela 9.” The PARI Journal 29(4):1–9. 2019 Carter, Nicholas P., Lauren Santini, Adam Barnes, Rachel Opitz, Devin White, Kristin Safi, Bryce Davenport, Clifford Brown, and Walter Witschey. “Country Roads: Trade, Visibility, and Late Classic Settlement in the Southern Maya Mountains.” Journal of Field Archaeology 44(2):84–108.