Durham E-Theses Saga-Accounts of Norse Far-Travellers SHAFER, JOHN,DOUGLAS How to cite: SHAFER, JOHN,DOUGLAS (2010) Saga-Accounts of Norse Far-Travellers, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/286/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail:
[email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Saga-Accounts of Norse Far-Travellers by John Douglas Shafer Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD University of Durham Department of English Studies 2009 ii Table of contents Abbreviations used v Dedication vi Acknowledgements vii Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 1. Purpose and parameters 2 i. Far-travel to distant lands 2 ii. Saga-literature 9 2. Scholarship survey 15 i. Geography and travel 15 ii. Directions 17 3. Methodology 23 i. Motivations 23 ii. Patterns 25 4. Miscellany 28 i. Translation and terminology 28 ii. Chapter organisation 31 Chapter 2 – West 34 1.