Conversational Implicature Between George W Bush and Jimmy Kimmel in Jimmy Kimmel Talk Show
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CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE BETWEEN GEORGE W BUSH AND JIMMY KIMMEL IN JIMMY KIMMEL TALK SHOW A THESIS By LAILI AISYAH 167052019/MBE ENGLISH POSTGRADUATE STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 1 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2 3 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 5 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This research was entitled Conversational Implicature in George W Bush and Jimmy Kimmel in Jimmy Kimmel Show. This study aimed to find out the types, as well as to explain the realization of conversational implicature and to analyze the implicit meaning used by George W. Bush and Jimmy Kimmel in Jimmy Kimmel talk show by using Grice‘s conversational implicature and Larson‘s implicit meaning theories. The data of this research were utterances. The source of data was the video and transcript. The method of this research was descriptive qualitative. The result of this study showed that there were two types of conversational implicature found in the data. There were generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature. The generalized conversational implicature was 15 (15.46%) utterances and the particularized conversational implicature was 82 (84,54%) utterances. The types of conversational implicature namely particularized implicature mostly used in George W Bush and Jimmy Kimmel in Jimmy Kimmel talk show. Then, the conversational implicatures were used by applying violation quantity maxim 25 (54,36%) utterances, violation quality maxim 5 (4,3%) utterances, violation manner maxim 2 (30,44%) utterances, and violation relevance maxim 14 (10,87%) utterances. The speaker performed the cooperative principle where it was a must to make a conversational contribution such as required. It meant it was not suggested to say words more than what was needed to share a set of meaning considering the unspoken meaning can be generally assumed since no specific context or knowledge is attached. The implied meaning of conversational implicature was implicit of referential, organizational and situational meaning. Keywords: Conversational implicature, implied meaning, Jimmy Kimmel talk show i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berjudul Percakapan Implikatur antara George W Bush dan Jimmy Kimmel di Jimmy Kimmel talk show. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis, serta menjelaskan realisasi implikatur percakapan dan untuk menganalisis makna implisit yang digunakan oleh George W Bush dan Jimmy Kimmel dalam Jimmy Kimmel talk show dengan menggunakan implikatur percakapan Grice dan teori makna implisit Larson. Data penelitian ini adalah ucapan. Sumber data adalah video dan transkrip. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada dua jenis implikatur percakapan yang ditemukan dalam data. Ada implikatur percakapan umum dan implikatur percakapan khusus. Implikatur percakapan umum terdiri atas 15 (15,46%) ucapan dan implikatur percakapan khusus terdiri atas 82 (84,54%) ucapan. Jenis-jenis implikatur percakapan yaitu implikatur khusus sebagian besar digunakan dalam George W Bush dan Jimmy Kimmel dalam talk show Jimmy Kimmel. Kemudian, implikatur percakapan digunakan dengan menerapkan pelanggaran maksim kuantitas terdiri atas 25 (54,36%) ucapan, pelanggaran maksim kualitas terdiri atas 5 (4,3%) ucapan, pelanggaran maksim cara terdiri atas 2 (30,44%) ucapan, dan pelanggaran maksim relevansi terdiri atas 14 (10,87%) ucapan. Pembicara melakukan prinsip kerja sama di mana harus memberikan kontribusi percakapan seperti yang disyaratkan. Artinya, tidak disarankan untuk mengatakan kata-kata lebih dari apa yang diperlukan untuk menyampaikan makna yang tidak dapat diasumsikan secara umum karena tidak ada berkaitan dengan konteks atau makna yang sebenarnya. Makna tersirat dari implikatur percakapan yaitu makna tersirat referensial, organisasi dan situasional. Kata kunci: Implikatur percakapan, makna tersirat, Jimmy Kimmel talk show ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Praised be to Allah, Lord of the world, who has given the writer His love and compassion to finish the last assignment in his study. Peace and salutation be upon to the prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, his companion and his adherence. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the help and contribution to all of lecturers, family, and friends who have contributed in different ways hence this thesis is processed until it becomes a complete writing which will be presented to the Postgraduate Program of English in the University of Sumatera Utara in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English. I would like to dedicate this thesis to my beloved husband (Heriadi Atmaja), my children (M. Rizqi Al-Ali, Najwa ‗Atiqah Ramadhani, M. Hafiz Al- Farabi,and Gendis Musfirah Yumni). I would like to thank my beloved parents (Alm. H. Peran Yanto and Dra. Hj. Nur‘aini AS), my beloved sisters and brother (Juwairiah,S.Si/Dadang Komaruddin,S.T, Almh. Laila Habsah, S.Pd/Suhadi, Raudatul Fitri,S.Pdi/Ahmad Fendi Surbakti, Muhammad Akbar, AmAk/Juwairiyah Rahmad, S.H), my beloved parents in law (H. Sumardi Admojo and Hj. Ngatmini) and to all families whom I couldn‘t mention here, for their unconditional love, support, and every contribution both financially and mentally. I would like to thank Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H, M.A., the head of English Postgraduate program study and the secretary, Dr. Drs. Umar Mono, M.Hum., for the opportunity, time, encouragement and remarkable supervision in guiding me completing this thesis. I also would like express gratitude to my supervisors, Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. and Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H, M.A. who always give me support, inspiration, encouragement, criticism, and sincere guidance in finishing the thesis. Special thanks to Prof. Dr. Syahron Lubis M.A. and Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP for all their ― private guidance‖ also to me. I also would like to thank all lecturers for their guidance and supports that I have received during my study. I also take iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA this opportunity to thank Mrs. Adri, who provided responses to my questions and service for the administrative. I would like to thank my headmaster of SMPN 28 Medan, Horas Pohan, S.Pd, M.M. for his support, opinion, chance and advice in finishing my thesis. My friends, Kholijah, S.Ag and Khodijah Gozali, S.Pd for their support and contribution to me. I am nothing without you. Insya Allah, we are friends till Jannah. Aamiin. The last but not least, my gratitude goes to my friends in English Post Graduate Program, University of Sumatera Utara, Rika Wahyuni Tambunan, S.Pd, M.A, Nurlaila Sari Harahap, S.Pd, M.A, Felicia Bernadeth Simanjuntak,S.S, M.A, PutriAgustian S.Pd, M.A, Dhara ayu Paramitha, S.Pd, M.A, Muhammad Ali Sakti Nasution, S.Pd, M.A, Ridzky Hidayani, S.S, M.A and Fatimah, S.Pd, M.A.Thank you for your precious time to discuss this thesis.. Finally, I realize that there are still many weaknesses in this thesis. I hope, this thesis may give beneficial contributions to others. Medan, 29th January 2019 The researcher Laili Aisyah 167052019 iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENT Page ABSTRACT ................................................................................... i ABSTRAK .................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................... iii CURRICULUM VITAE ............................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................ v LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................... vii LIST OF APPENDIX ....... ............................................................ viii LIST OF ABBREVIATION ......................................................... ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the Study ........................................................... 1 1.2 Problem of the Study ................................................................ 8 1.3 The Objective of the Study ....................................................... 9 1.4 Scope of the Study .................................................................... 9 1.5 Significance of the Study .......................................................... 10 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................. 11 2.1 Pragmatics ................................................................................. 11 2.2 Implicature ................................................................................ 12 2.2.1 The Concept of Implicature ................................................... 13 2.2.2 Types of Implicature ............................................................. 15 2.2.2.1 Conventional Implicature .................................................. 16 2.2.2.2 Conversational Implicature ............................................... 17 2.2.2.2.1 Generalized Conversational Implicature ....................... 18 2.2.2.2.2 Particularized Conversational Impicature...................... 19 2.3 Cooperative Principle ................................................................. 19 2.3.1 The Maxim of Quantity ........................................................... 20 2.3.2 The Maxim of Quality ............................................................