Manual Science Adventures
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Philippine Science Centrum Traveling Exhibit Manual of Exhibits An Affiliate of PFST ADDRESS E-Com Building. Riverbanks Center, A. Bonifacio Ave., Barangka, Marikina City, Metro Manila TELEPHONE NUMBERS (02) 942-5136 (02) 942-5091 (02) 942-4137 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.science-centrum.ph This Science Adventures Manual of Exhibits MESSAGE is a publication of the Philippine Science Centrum. Consultant Elvira R. Galvez It is with pride and joy that we present the Science Researcher-Writer Farah R. Galvez Adventures Traveling Science Centrum Exhibit Manual. This Technical Editor Rolando M. Moya manual encapsulates the various science concepts and their Book Designer and Illustrator Florencio T. Gando, Jr. applications presented through 40 interactive exhibits. Exhibit Fabricator Science Centrum Fabrication, Inc. The Science Adventures is a traveling science exhibition Rejean O. dela Cruz component of the Philippine Science Centrum, the premiere Renato T. Mulat science center-museum in the country. Through hands-on Mario C. Reyes interactive exhibits and challenging activities, the Science Rolly G. Ariola Adventures and the four (4) sets of Traveling Science Centrum have successfully brought a unique medium for science and Traveling Exhibition Staff Nelson H. Natividad, Head technology learning to 174 cities and provinces. It has Jermaine L. Argonza registered more than 3 million visitors. Persistent requests Robin Hermoso from students, teachers and supporters have inspired us to Harold Neil G. Santos produce the Science Adventures Exhibit Manual which will Joselito B. Arellano serve as a handy reference in getting to know and better Executive Director May M. Pagsinohin appreciate science and technology and their relevance in daily life. It is our ardent hope that this manual will be utilized to maximize science and technology among the general public Copyright 2014 Philippine Science Centrum All Rights Reserved and the Filipino youth in particular who will play an active role in shaping the future of the nation. No part of this manual may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of the MAY M. PAGSINOHIN Philippine Science Centrum. Executive Director ZOETROPE AMAZING CAKE Try this! 1. Look through a slit on the disk. Do you see a horse and its rider Try this! on the mirror? 1. Look at the mirrors. How 2. As you look through the slit, many slices of cake do spin the disk slowly then spin it you see? fast. How do the horse and the rider appear? 2. Move the right mirror to 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the left. What happens to cylinders A and B. What images vision causes the brain to retain the number of slices? do you see? images cast upon the retina for a fraction of a second after they have disappeared from the field of sight. The phi phenomenon creates What's going on? apparent movement between images when they succeed one What's going on? Painted on the side of the disk another rapidly. Together, these two With two mirrors that are facing the mirror is a sequence of phenomena permit the succession The number of slices of cake that perpendicular to each other, one pictures of horses and riders. When of still pictures which result in you see depends on the angle image will form from a single you spin the disk slowly, the horse continuous movement, as observed between the mirrors. As you reflection from each mirror (R1 and the rider seem to move in the exhibit. continuously like in a horse race. In decrease the angle, you see and R2). These two reflections cylinders A and B, you see a man The illusion of movement is applied more reflections of the slice of create the third image, R3. hurdling and a man tumbling. in motion pictures and cartoon cake. R1 R3 animation. A motion picture or The illusions of movement are animation is made up of thousands If you have one flat mirror, light mirror based on the optical phenomenon, of still pictures, called frames. In from the object will reflect off the called persistence of vision, and the each frame, the scene or subjects in mirror once. When you have phi phenomenon. Persistence of the scene are slightly different in more than one mirror, you can position from the previous frame. create multiple reflections. R2 For every second, 24 frames of film object flicker onto a screen to produce mirror moving images. We cannot distinguish each still image, but When the angle is decreased, instead see continuous movement. more reflections will occur. 40 Science Adventures Science Adventures 1 WHIRLPOOL ANTI-GRAVITY MIRROR Try this with a friend! Try this! 1. Ask your friend to stand on the right side of the mirror and align Press the button. What do you his/her nose to the mirror's see? edge. 2. Position yourself within the 45- degree angle with the mirror. What's going on? Watch as your friend lifts his/her left leg and moves his/her left When you press the button a arm up and down. How does your friend look? propeller in the exhibit rotates. This causes the water to move in 3. Change roles. You will do what a circle around a central area and your friend did and your friend will now observe you. You can form a whirlpool. try other movements. A whirlpool is a large, swirling A whirlpool can form where: body of water. Its formation What's going on? follows the Law of Conservation 1. two currents of water moving in A person standing at the right side of plane, called the sagittal plane, of Angular Momentum, which opposite directions meet, a large mirror such that the left half divides the body into roughly mirror of the body is visible and the right image halves (external appearance states that if an object is rotating half is hidden from view will look only). The two halves can be about a center and is pulled in 2. tides and rock formations in the whole to an observer who is referred to as the right and left closer, it will rotate faster. ocean interfere with the path of positioned within the 45-degree halves. The right half is similar to the an ocean current and the angle with the mirror. The fun left half in size, shape and parts. begins when the person starts to do In a whirlpool, the slowly rotating current is diverted in a circular some movements. When the To an observer the reflection of the water in the outer areas is drawn path, person lifts his/her left leg, the exposed half (left side) on the mirror towards the center. The water observer will see two legs off the appears to be the right half of the 3. wind blows strongly against a ground. When the left arm is moved body, so the person looks whole. begins to rotate faster, exerting a up and down, the person appears to The lifted leg is also reflected by the greater central force and making tidal current, or be flying. Why? mirror. This is why the person appears to be suspended in air and a hole. As a result, you see a 4. flow of water through a The human body exhibits bilateral not pulled down by gravity. vortex. riverbed increases. symmetry. This means that only one 38 Science Adventures Science Adventures 3 THOMPSON RING BICYCLE WHEEL GYRO Try this with a friend! Try this! 1. Sit on the chair. Stretch your Press the button. What happens arms forward. to the aluminum ring? 2. Ask your friend to spin the bicycle wheel fast and hand it to you as it spins. Make sure What's going on? that the rapidly spinning wheel does NOT touch your When the switch is turned on, the body. (Take note of the ring immediately "jumps" up the direction of the spin.) vertical rod. Why? 3. Tilt the spinning wheel to the The exhibit consists of a left. Does the chair rotate to transformer, an induction coil, and the right or to the left? Tilt the When you tilt the spinning wheel an aluminum ring over the core of wheel to the right. In what you are applying a twisting force the coil. An alternating current direction does the chair or torque on your body. Since you (AC) is used to power the rotate? are seated, the energy transfers to transformer. the chair, and the chair rotates. What's going on? AC is a constantly varying current, The exhibit also demonstrates meaning the electrons change When you tilt the wheel that is Conservation of Angular directions 50 times per second. field (in the coil) has a north pole spinning inward to the right, you Momentum. This is a principle of When the switch is turned on, AC pointing up, then the induced field (on the chair) rotate to the left. motion involved in rotating produces a constantly changing in the ring will have a north pole When you tilt this spinning wheel objects. You, the chair and the magnetic field through the coil. pointing down. As like poles repel, to the left, you rotate to the right. spinning wheel make up a system. This in turn induces a constantly the north poles will repel each Any change in the angular changing current in the ring, other. Thus, the ring jumps up. When you tilt the wheel that is momentum within the system producing a constantly changing spinning outward to the right, you must be accompanied by an equal magnetic field in the ring.