∂ÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ∫À¶ƒπ∞∫∏∫À¶ƒπ∞∫∏ ¢∏ª√∫ƒ∞∆π∞¢∏ª√∫ƒ∞∆π∞ À¶√Àƒ°∂π√À¶√Àƒ°∂π√ °∂øƒ°π∞™,°∂øƒ°π∞™, ºÀ™π∫ø¡ºÀ™π∫ø¡ ¶√ƒø¡¶√ƒø¡ REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS ∫∞π∫∞π ¶∂ƒπµ∞§§√¡∆√™¶∂ƒπµ∞§§√¡∆√™ ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ MINISTRYMINISTRY OFOF AGRICULTURE,AGRICULTURE, NATURALNATURAL RESOURCESRESOURCES ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ÁÚ·Ê›ˆÓ: ANDAND ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT §Â‡ÎˆÓÔ˜ 1, 2064 ™ÙÚfi‚ÔÏÔ˜, §Â˘ÎˆÛ›·, ∫‡ÚÔ˜ ∆ËÏ.: +357-22409213, º·Í: +357-22316873 ∏ÏÂÎÙÚ. Ù·¯˘‰ÚÔÌ›Ô: [email protected] πÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰·: http://www.moa.gov.cy/gsd ∆·¯˘‰ÚÔÌÈ΋ ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË: ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ 1415 §Â˘ÎˆÛ›· ∫‡ÚÔ˜
Geological Survey Department Physical address: 1 Lefkonos Street, 2064 Strovolos, Lefkosia, Cyprus Tel.: +357-22409213, Fax: +357-22316873 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.moa.gov.cy/gsd ∆ª∏ª∞∆ª∏ª∞ °∂ø§√°π∫∏™°∂ø§√°π∫∏™ ∂¶π™∫√¶∏™∏™∂¶π™∫√¶∏™∏™ Mailing address: ∂∆∏™π∞ ∂∫£∂™∏ 2009 Geological Survey Department 1415 Lefkosia Cyprus
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∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ Geological GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT Survey Department ANNUAL REPORT 2009
°.∆.¶./PIO/345/2010-1.500 ISSN 1986-0374 ∂ΉfiıËΠ·fi ÙÔ °Ú·ÊÂ›Ô ∆‡Ô˘ Î·È ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ Published by the Press and Information Office
∂ÎÙ‡ˆÛË/Printed by Zavallis Litho Ltd ºˆÙÔÁÚ·Ê›· Â͈ʇÏÏÔ˘: ∂Ó·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ Ú·‰ÈÔÏ·ÚÈÙÒÓ, Ú·‰ÈÔÏ·ÚÈÙÈÎÒÓ ËÏÈÙÒÓ Î·È ·Û‚ÂÛÙÔÏ›ıˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ™¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ∂È- ÛÎÔ‹˜, ∫ÔÈÏ¿‰· ¢È·Ú›˙Ô˘, ∂·Ú¯›·˜ ¶¿ÊÔ˘.
Photograph on cover: Alternating layers of radiolarites, radiolaritic pelites & limestones of the Episkopi formation. Diarizos valley, Pafos District. ∂∆∏™π∞ ∂∫£∂™∏ 2009
∆ª∏ª∞ °∂ø§√°π∫∏™ ∂¶π™∫√¶∏™∏™
∫À¶ƒπ∞∫∏ ¢∏ª√∫ƒ∞∆π∞
ANNUAL REPORT 2009
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT
REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS
¶∂ƒπ∂Ã√ª∂¡∞ - CONTENTS
™ÂÏ. / Page ¶ƒ√§√°√™ PREFACE ...... 5 1. ∆√ ∆ª∏ª∞ °∂ø§√°π∫∏™ ∂¶π™∫√¶∏™∏™ THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT ...... 7 1.1. ∏ ∞¶√™∆√§∏ ∫∞π √π ¢ƒ∞™∆∏ƒπ√∆∏∆∂™ ∆√À ∆ª∏ª∞∆√™ THE MISSION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT...... 7 1.2. ∏ ¢√ª∏ ∆√À ∆ª∏ª∞∆√™ THE STRUCTURE OF THE DEPARTMENT ...... 8 1.3 ∆√ √ƒ∞ª∞ ∆√À ∆ª∏ª∞∆√™ THE VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT ...... 9 2. °∂¡π∫∂™ ¢ƒ∞™∆∏ƒπ√∆∏∆∂™ GENERAL ACTIVITIES ...... 10 3. µ∞™π∫∏ °∂ø§√°π∫∏ ∂ƒ∂À¡∞-°∂ø§√°π∫∞ ¢∂¢√ª∂¡∞ BASIC GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH-GEOLOGICAL DATA ...... 12 3.1 °∂ø§√°π∫∏ Ã∞ƒ∆√°ƒ∞º∏™∏ GEOLOGICAL MAPPING ...... 12 3.2. °∂øª√ƒº√§√°π∞ GEOMORFOLOGY...... 13 3.3 °∂ø£∂ƒªπ∫∏ ∂¡∂ƒ°∂π∞ GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ...... 15 3.4 ™À™∆∏ª∞∆∞ °∂ø°ƒ∞ºπ∫ø¡ ¶§∏ƒ√º√ƒπø¡ GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS ...... 16 4. √ƒÀ∫∆√π ¶√ƒ√π MINERAL RESOURCES...... 17 5. À¶√°∂π√π À¢∞∆π∫√π ¶√ƒ√π GROUNDWATER RESOURCES...... 20 5.1 À¢ƒ√°∂ø§√°π∫∂™ ∂ƒ∂À¡∂™ HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ...... 20 5.1.1. ªÂϤÙ˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ Ù¯ÓËÙÔ‡ ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ Groundwater recharge studies ...... 20 5.2. ∂º∞ƒª√°∏ ¡√ª√£∂™π∞™ IMPLEMENTATION ...... 20 5.2.1. √‰ËÁ›· 91/676/∂√∫ Directive 91/676/EEC ...... 20 5.2.2. √‰ËÁ›· Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÁÈ· ⁄‰·Ù· 2000/60/∂∫ Water Frame Directive 2000/60/EE ...... 22 5.2.3. √‰ËÁ›· 2006/118/∂∫ Directive 2006/118/EC ...... 22 5.3. ∫∞£√ƒπ™ª√™ ∑ø¡ø¡ ¶ƒ√™∆∞™π∞™ À¢ƒ∂À∆π∫ø¡ °∂ø∆ƒ∏™∂ø¡ DELINEATION OF PROTECTION ZONES FOR WATER SUPPLY BOREHOLES . . . 23 5.4. ¶∞ƒ∞∫√§√À£∏™∏ À¶√°∂πø¡ ¡∂ƒø¡ GROUNDWATER MONITORING ...... 23 5.5. ∫∞§Àæ∏ À¢ƒ∂À∆π∫ø¡ ∞¡∞°∫ø¡ ∫√π¡√∆∏∆ø¡ PROSPECTING FOR COMMUNITY DOMESTIC SUPPLY NEEDS...... 25 6. °∂ø∆∂áπ∫∂™ ª∂§∂∆∂™/°∂ø¶ƒ√µ§∏ª∞∆∞ GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES/GEOPROBLEMS ...... 26 6.1. À¢∞∆π∫∞ ∂ƒ°∞ WATER PROJECTS...... 26 6.2. ∂ƒ°∞ √¢√¶√ππ∞™,°∂ºÀƒ√¶√ππ∞™ ∫∞π ¶∞ƒ∞∫∆π∞™ ∑ø¡∏™ ROAD,BRIDGE AND COASTAL ZONE PROJECTS ...... 27 6.3. ∂ƒ°∞ √π∫π™∆π∫∏™ ∞¡∞¶∆À•∏™ PROJECTS FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT ...... 27 6.4. ∞™∆√Ãπ∂™/∞™∆∞£∂π∂™ ¶ƒ∞¡ø¡ SLOPE FAILURE/INSTABILITY ...... 28 6.5. ª∂§∂∆∂™ °∂ø¶ƒ√µ§∏ª∞∆ø¡ GEOPROBLEMS STUDIES ...... 28 6.5.1. ∂Ú¢ÓËÙÈÎfi ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎfiÓËÛË ªÂϤÙ˘ ÙˆÓ ∫·ÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂˆÓ Û ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ ·گ›·˜ ¶¿ÊÔ˘ Research program for the study of landslides in the Pafos District 28 6.5.2. ∑ÒÓ˜ ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÂÈÎÈÓ‰˘ÓfiÙËÙ·˜ Geological vulnerability zones...... 32 7. ™∂π™ª√§√°π∫√ ¢π∫∆À√ SEISMOLOGICAL NETWORK ...... 33 7.1 ™∂π™ªπ∫∏ ¢ƒ∞™∆∏ƒπ√∆∏∆∞ ∫∞∆∞ ∆√ 2009 SEISMIC ACTIVITY OF 2009 ...... 34 8. °∂øºÀ™π∫∂™ ∂ƒ∂À¡∂™ GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS ...... 37 8.1. ∞∫√À™∆π∫√ ¶∂πƒ∞ª∞-METNET 9 ACOUSTIC INFRASOUND EXPERIMENT-METNET 9 ...... 38 9. ∂ƒ°∞™∆∏ƒπ∞∫∂™ ∂ƒ°∞™π∂™ LABORATORY WORKS ...... 40 9.1. Ã∏ªπ∫√ ∂ƒ°∞™∆∏ƒπ√ CHEMICAL LABORATORY ...... 40 9.1.1. °Âˆ¯ËÌÈÎfi˜ ÕÙÏ·ÓÙ·˜ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ The Geochemical Atlas of Cyprus ...... 42 9.2 ∂ƒ°∞™∆∏ƒπ√ ª∏Ã∞¡π∫∏™ °∂ø§√°π∞™ ∫∞π µπ√ª∏Ã∞¡π∫ø¡ √ƒÀ∫∆ø¡ ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS LABORATORY ...... 44 10. °∂ø∆ƒ∏™∂π™ DRILLING ...... 45 11. ∂∫¢√™∂π™ PUBLICATIONS ...... 45 12. ª∂§∂∆∂™ ∫∞π ¢∏ª√™π∂À™∂π™...... 46 12.1 ª∂§∂∆∏ ∆∏™ °∂øª√ƒº√§√°π∞™ ∆∏™ ∫À¶ƒ√À ...... 46
12.2 ¢√∫πª∂™ ¶ƒ√™¢π√ƒπ™ª√À ™À¡∆∂§∂™∆∏ ∞¶√™∞£ƒø™∏™ ∞¢ƒ∞¡ø¡ À§π∫ø¡: ¶∞ƒ∂§£√¡, ¶∞ƒ√¡ ∫∞π ª∂§§√¡ ...... 48 12.3 ª∂§∂∆∏ °π∞ ∆∏¡ ∞¶√∫∞∆∞™∆∞™∏ ∂°∫∞∆∞§∂πªª∂¡ø¡ ª∂∆∞§§∂πø¡ ª∂π∫∆ø¡ £∂π√ÀÃø¡ ...... 52 ¶ƒ√§√°√™ PREFACE
∏ ÂÙ‹ÛÈ· ¤ÎıÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfi- The annual report of the Geological Survey Depart- ËÛ˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ϤÔÓ ıÂÛÌfi˜ Î·È Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ment constitutes a commitment for its staff but ‰¤ÛÌ¢ÛË ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÚÔÛˆÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È also for me personally. It presents our work and ÁÈ· ̤ӷ ÚÔÛˆÈο, ÁÈ· ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ activities as defined and derived from our duties ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, fiˆ˜ ·˘Ùfi ηıÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Î·È ·ÔÚÚ¤ÂÈ ·fi and responsibilities. Our Department achieves its ÙȘ ·ÚÌÔ‰ÈfiÙËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘, ÂÎÏËÚÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ÚfiÏÔ Î·È role and mission, consistent with its ongoing effort ÙËÓ ·ÔÛÙÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘, Û˘Ó¤˜ ÛÙË Û˘Ó¯‹ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· for production, with work of high quality and scien- ÁÈ· ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ˘„ËÏ‹˜ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÂÈÛÙËÌÔ- tific completeness. ÓÈ΋˜ ·ÚÙÈfiÙËÙ·˜. The 2009 report presents the geological happen- ∏ ¤ÎıÂÛË ÁÈ· ÙÔ 2009 ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ù· ÁˆÏÔÁÈο ings that were implemented last year and aims to ÂÚ·Á̤ӷ Ô˘ ˘ÏÔÔÈ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÙÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ Ô˘ ¤Ú·- inform for the work that was conducted, the ÛÂ Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ ÛÎÔfi Ó· ÂÓËÌÂÚÒÛÂÈ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ô˘ research programs that were planed and complet- ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó, Ù· ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈο ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ۯ‰ȿÛÙË- ed, as well as the services and expert advice that Î·Ó Î·È ÂÎÔÓ‹ıËηÓ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙȘ ˘ËÚÂۛ˜ Î·È were given to the public and the private sector. Áӈ̷Ù‡ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ‰fiıËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ ‰ËÌfiÛÈÔ Î·È È‰ÈˆÙÈÎfi ÙÔ̤·. The duties and responsibilities of the Department cover a wide spectrum of activities. The three main √È ·ÚÌÔ‰ÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ηχÙÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ¢ڇ thematic units, namely Water Resources – Mineral Ê¿ÛÌ· ıÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔًوÓ. √È ÙÚÂȘ ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ Resources – Urban Environment, constitute the ıÂÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÂÓfiÙËÙ˜, À‰·ÙÈÎÔ› ¶fiÚÔÈ – √Ú˘ÎÙÔ› ¶fiÚÔÈ – backbone of the Department’s work, where most ¢ÔÌË̤ÓÔ ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ, ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ ¿ÍÔÓ· ÙˆÓ of its human and economic resources are made ÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ fiÔ˘ ‰È·Ù›ıÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡- available. The primary fields of the Department’s ÙÂÚÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ÙˆÓ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓˆÓ Î·È ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ work include the detection of aquifers and the sat- fiÚˆÓ. √ ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌfi˜ ˘fiÁÂÈˆÓ ˘‰ÚÔÊÔÚ¤ˆÓ Î·È Ë isfaction of the modern society’s needs in terms of ÈηÓÔÔ›ËÛË ÔÈÔÙÈο Î·È ÔÛÔÙÈο ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ Ù˘ quality and quantity, the guarantee of suitable, Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜, Ë ÂÍ·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛË Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏˆÓ Î·È good quality mineral resources for raw material in ηϋ˜ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÔÚ˘ÎÙÒÓ fiÚˆÓ ÁÈ· ÚÒÙ˜ ‡Ï˜ the construction and building industry, as well as ÛÙË ‚ÈÔÌ˯·Ó›· Î·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÛÙÔÓ Î·Ù·Û΢·ÛÙÈÎfi Î·È the development of a safe urban environment in ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈÎfi ÙÔ̤·, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÂÓfi˜ ·ÛÊ·- combination with the knowledge of geohazards ÏÔ‡˜ ‰ÔÌË̤ÓÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ÙË and the evaluation of its vulnerability. ÁÓÒÛË ÙˆÓ ÁˆÎÈÓ‰‡ÓˆÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ÂÈÎÈÓ- ‰˘ÓfiÙËÙ¿˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÚˆÙ·Ú¯ÈÎÔ› ÙÔÌ›˜ ÙˆÓ Climatic changes, with prolonged and repeating ÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. drought years, deplete groundwater resources and the natural environment making the risk for deser- √È ÎÏÈÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔϤ˜, Ì ·ÚÈ· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÙȘ tification an evident hazard. ·Ú·ÙÂٷ̤Ó˜ Î·È Û˘¯Ó¿ ·ӷϷ̂·ÓfiÌÂÓ˜ ·ÓÔÌ- ‚ڛ˜ Î·È ÍËڷۛ˜, ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ·ÚÓËÙÈΤ˜ ÂÈÙÒÛÂȘ In parallel, ongoing water pollution and contamina-
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 5 ÛÙ· ˘fiÁÂÈ· ÓÂÚ¿ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÛÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ, tion hazard, depletion of the natural environment fiÔ˘ Ô Î›Ó‰˘ÓÔ˜ Ù˘ ·Âڋ̈Û˘ Â›Ó·È Ï¤ÔÓ ÔÚ·Ùfi˜ due to natural and anthropogenic causes, reduction ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÙfiÔ Ì·˜. of mineral reserves necessitate the sustainable management with environmentally friendly meth- ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, Ô Û˘Ó¯‹˜ ΛӉ˘ÓÔ˜ Ú‡·ÓÛ˘ Î·È ods. ÌfiÏ˘ÓÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ, Ë ˘Ô‚¿ıÌÈÛË ÙÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ‡ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ ·fi Ê˘ÛÈΤ˜ Î·È ·ÓıÚˆÔÁÂÓ›˜ It is my appreciation that our Department corre- ·Èٛ˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ë Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÔıÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÔÚ˘ÎÙÒÓ sponds sufficiently, professionally and effectively in fiÚˆÓ ÂÈ‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·ÂÈÊfiÚÔ ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË Ì ÌÂıfi- its role and mission that it has undertaken for the ‰Ô˘˜ ÊÈÏÈΤ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ. state and its citizens. The Department methodizes the confrontation of challenges by planning and ∂ÎÙÈÌÒ fiÙÈ ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· Ì·˜ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ¿ÚÎÂÈ·, applying rational strategy in the framework of sus- ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÛÙÔ ÚfiÏÔ tainability and protection of the environment. Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÔÛÙÔÏ‹ Ô˘ ·Ó¤Ï·‚ ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÙÔ˘ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ›ÙË Î·È ÌÂıԉ‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ì ÙÔ Û¯Â‰È·ÛÌfi Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÔÚıÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋˜ ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· Ù˘ ·ÂÈÊÔÚ›·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜.
ªÂ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Respectfully
¢Ú ∂ϤÓË °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘-ªÔÚÈÛÛÒ Dr Eleni Georgiou-Morisseau ¢È¢ı‡ÓÙÚÈ· Directress
6 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department 1. ∆√ ∆ª∏ª∞ °∂ø§√°π∫∏™ 1. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ∂¶π™∫√¶∏™∏™ DEPARTMENT
1.1. ∏ ∞¶√™∆√§∏ ∫∞π √π ¢ƒ∞™∆∏ƒπ√∆∏∆∂™ ∆√À 1.1. THE MISSION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE ∆ª∏ª∞∆√™ DEPARTMENT
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘, ÙÔ˘ ÀÔ˘ÚÁ›Ԣ The Geological Survey Department of the Ministry °ÂˆÚÁ›·˜, º˘ÛÈÎÒÓ ¶fiÚˆÓ Î·È ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ô of Agriculture, Natural Resources and the Environ- Ù¯ÓÈÎfi˜ Û‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÈ· ÁˆÏÔÁÈο ment is the state’s technical advisor on geological ı¤Ì·Ù·. matters.
∫‡ÚÈ· ·ÔÛÙÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌfi˜ Î·È The main mission of the Department is the detec- Ë ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ˘fiÁÂÈˆÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ, Ô ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌfi˜ Î·È Ë tion and protection of groundwater, the detection ÔÚıÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙˆÓ ÔÚ˘ÎÙÒÓ fiÚˆÓ Î·È Ë ÚÔ- and development of mineral resources and the pro- ÛÙ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ‰ÔÌË̤ÓÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ ·fi ÁˆÎÈÓ- tection of the urban environment from geohazards. ‰‡ÓÔ˘˜. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, ÚÔ¿ÁÂÈ ÙË ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ In parallel, it promotes geological research through ̤ۈ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÒÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· scientific programs in collaboration with local and Ì ÂÓÙfiÈ· Î·È Í¤Ó· ·Î·‰ËÌ·˚ο Î·È ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈο ȉڇ- foreign academic and research institutions. High in Ì·Ù·. æËÏ¿ ÛÙȘ ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÈÂÚ·Ú- the Department’s priorities are also its obligations ¯Ô‡ÓÙ·È Â›Û˘ ÔÈ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ ·ÔÚÚ¤Ô˘Ó ·fi derived from the European Union relating to issues ÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÓˆÛË ÛÙ· ı¤Ì·Ù· Ù˘ ·ÚÌÔ‰ÈfiÙËÙ¿˜ of its competency. ÙÔ˘.
¶ÚÔ˜ ÂÎÏ‹ÚˆÛË Ù˘ ·ÔÛÙÔÏ‹˜ ÙÔ˘, ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ÂÎÙÂ- Fulfilling its mission, the Department executes the Ï› ÙȘ ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ ·ÚȘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜: following main activities:
ñ ¤Ú¢ӷ, ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË, ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Î·È ñ research, development, monitoring and ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ˘ÔÁ›ˆÓ ˘‰¿ÙˆÓ, protection of groundwater resources; ñ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÁÈ· ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌfi, ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Î·È ñ research for detection, evaluation and ÔÚıÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÔÚ˘ÎÙÒÓ rational development of mineral fiÚˆÓ, resources; ñ ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ / ¤Ú¢Ó˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ñ geotechnical investigations for founda- ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÛË ·Ó·Ù˘ÍÈ·ÎÒÓ Î·Ù·Û΢·ÛÙÈ- tions of state construction projects; ÎÒÓ ¤ÚÁˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Ô˘, ñ study of geohazards aiming at the min- ñ ÌÂϤÙË ÙˆÓ ÁˆÎÈÓ‰‡ÓˆÓ Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙËÓ imisation of their effects; ÂÏ·¯ÈÛÙÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÂÂÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜, ñ study of the seismicity of the Cyprus ñ ÌÂϤÙË Ù˘ ÛÂÈÛÌÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ΢ÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ region and contribution to the design of ¯ÒÚÔ˘ Î·È Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ ÛÙÔ Û¯Â‰È·ÛÌfi ·ÓÙÈÛÂÈ- earthquake-resistant structures; ÛÌÈÎÒÓ Î·Ù·Û΢ÒÓ, ñ study of the geological structure and evo- ñ ÌÂϤÙË Ù˘ ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ‰ÔÌ‹˜ Î·È ÂͤÏÈ͢ lution of the Cyprus region; ÙÔ˘ ΢ÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ ¯ÒÚÔ˘, ñ development of the environmental geolo- ñ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ̤· ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋˜ Áˆ- gy section with emphasis on soil and ÏÔÁ›·˜ Ì ¤ÌÊ·ÛË ÛÙ· Áˆ¯ËÌÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· groundwater geochemical elements; ÙˆÓ Â‰·ÊÒÓ Î·È ˘fiÁÂÈˆÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ, ñ information technology application and ñ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ Î·È ¯Ú‹ÛË usage of specialised software; ÂȉÈÎÒÓ ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ñ publication of geological maps and ñ ÂΉfiÛÂȘ ÁˆÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ¯·ÚÙÒÓ Î·È ÂÎı¤ÛÂˆÓ reports / studies. / ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ.
™Ùfi¯Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ·Ó·‚¿ıÌÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÚfiÏÔ˘ The Department aims to upgrade its role with: ÙÔ˘ ÌÂ:
ñ ÙË ‚ÂÏÙÈÛÙÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ Î·È ÏË- ñ optimisation of the services and informa- ÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ÙfiÛÔ ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚ- tion that the Department offers to collab-
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 7 Á·˙fiÌÂÓ˜ ‰ËÌfiÛȘ ˘ËÚÂۛ˜ fiÛÔ Î·È orating public services and to the private ÛÙÔÓ È‰ÈˆÙÈÎfi ÙÔ̤·, sector; ñ ηχÙÂÚË Â͢ËÚ¤ÙËÛË Î·È ÂÓË̤ڈÛË ÙÔ˘ ñ better service and advice to the citizens, ÔÏ›ÙË Ô˘ ÂÈÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÂÙ·È Ì¤Û· ·fi ÙË ÛÙ·- achieved through gradual upgrading of ‰È·Î‹ ·Ó·‚¿ıÌÈÛË Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ˘Ë- the quality of the offered services; ÚÂÛÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È, ñ ÚÔÛÊÔÚ¿ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ ˘„ËÏ‹˜ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ñ offer of high-quality service based on spe- Ô˘ ‚·Û›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓË ÁÓÒÛË cialised knowledge that will be derived Ô˘ ı· ÚÔ¤ÏıÂÈ Ì¤Û· ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË from research advancement and widen- Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Î·È ÙË ‰È‡ڢÓÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÚ¢ÓË- ing of research programs in new areas; ÙÈÎÒÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ Û ӤԢ˜ ÙÔÌ›˜, ñ research based on pioneer ideas that will ñ ¤Ú¢ӷ ‚·ÛÈṲ̂ÓË Û ڈÙÔÔÚȷΤ˜ ȉ¤Â˜ lead to innovations; the application of Ô˘ Ó· Ô‰ËÁ› Û ηÈÓÔÙƠ̂˜, ÒÛÙ Ì ÙËÓ such innovations will lead to new Ú·ÎÙÈ΋ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Ó· ‰ÔıÔ‡Ó Ó¤Â˜ approaches to problem-solution and mana- ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓ Â›Ï˘ÛË ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ gement of issues in the framework of Î·È ÛÙË ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË ıÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· Ù˘ social development and prosperity. ·Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋˜ ¢ËÌÂÚ›·˜.
™ÙÔ ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ¯ÒÚÔ, ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ÚÔˆı› ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· On an international scale, the Department pro- ÛÙÔÓ ÙÔ̤· Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Ì ÔÌfiÏÔÁ˜ ˘ËÚÂۛ˜, motes the collaboration in research with similar ·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈ·, ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈο ΤÓÙÚ· Î·È ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡˜, agencies, universities, research centres and organi- ΢ڛˆ˜ Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ∏.¶.∞.. ª¤Û· sations, mainly of the European Union and the USA. ·fi Ù· ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈο ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù·, ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ÂȉÈÒÎÂÈ The Department, through research programs, seeks ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Ù˘ Ù¯ÓÔÁÓˆÛ›·˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ the development of knowledge and the introduc- Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˘ Ù¯ÓÔÏÔÁ›·˜. tion of modern technologies.
1.2. ∏ ¢√ª∏ ∆√À ∆ª∏ª∞∆√™ 1.2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE DEPARTMENT
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘, Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙȘ ÚÔ- Based on all the activities mentioned earlier, the ·Ó·ÊÂÚı›Û˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘, ‹Ù·Ó ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈο Geological Survey Department was in 2009 struc- ‰È·Úıڈ̤ÓÔ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ 2009 ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÂÍ‹˜ tured administratively in the following sections: ÎÏ¿‰Ô˘˜ (‹ ÙÔÌ›˜):
ñ °ÂÓÈ΋ °ÂˆÏÔÁ›·, ÷ÚÙÔÁÚ·Ê›· Î·È ™˘ÛÙ‹- ñ General Geology, Cartography and Geo- Ì·Ù· °ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈÎÒÓ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ, graphic Information Systems; ñ √ÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ °ÂˆÏÔÁ›·, ñ Economic Geology; ñ À‰ÚÔÁˆÏÔÁ›·, ñ Hydrogeology;
DIRECTRESS
8 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ñ ªË¯·ÓÈ΋ °ÂˆÏÔÁ›·, ñ Engineering Geology ñ °ÂˆÊ˘ÛÈ΋ Î·È ™ÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁ›·, Î·È ñ Geophysics and Seismology; ñ °ÂˆÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ. ñ Drilling.
√È ÎÏ¿‰ÔÈ ·˘ÙÔ› ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È, ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙȘ These sections are supported, in relation to their ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ÙÔ˘˜, ·fi ÁˆÙÚ‡·Ó· (ÎÚÔ˘ÛÙÈο, ˘ÚËÓÔ- work, by drilling rigs (percussion, core and rotary), ÏËÙÈο Î·È ÛÊ˘ÚÔÁˆÙÚ‡·Ó·), ¯ËÌÈÎfi ÂÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ a chemical laboratory for water, soil and construc- ÁÈ’ ·Ó·Ï‡ÛÂȘ ÓÂÚÔ‡, ‰·ÊÒÓ Î·È ‰ÔÌÈÎÒÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ, tion materials analyses, an industrial minerals labo- ÂÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈÎÒÓ ‰ÔÎÈÌÒÓ Î·È ‚ÈÔÌ˯·ÓÈÎÒÓ ratory, a geotechnical laboratory, a water pumping ÔÚ˘ÎÙÒÓ, Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ‰ÔÎÈÌ·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÏ‹ÛˆÓ, Û¯Â- testing crew, drafting services, a library and a cen- ‰È·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ, ‚È‚ÏÈÔı‹ÎË Î·È ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ™‡ÛÙËÌ· °ÂˆÁÚ·- tral Geographic Information System. The work of ÊÈÎÒÓ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ. ∏ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ the Department is also assisted by the registry, the Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔ ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈÎfi ·Ú¯Â›Ô, ÙË ÁÚ·ÌÌ·- secretariat and the accounts office. Ù›· Î·È ÙÔ ÏÔÁÈÛÙ‹ÚÈfi ÙÔ˘.
∫·Ù¿ ÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ 2009, ÙÔ ÚÔÛˆÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ By the end of 2009, the Department employed 98 ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡Û 98 Û˘ÓÔÏÈο ÚfiÛˆ· ·fi Ù· ÚÔ‚ÏÂfi- persons in total of the 119 anticipated positions, ÌÂÓ· 119. ∞fi ·˘Ù¿, ÔÈ 19 ‹Ù·Ó ÚÔÛÔÓÙÔ‡¯ÔÈ §ÂÈ- including 19 professional scientists (18 geoscien- ÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ› (18 ÁˆÏfiÁÔÈ Î·È 1 ¯ËÌÈÎfi˜), ÔÈ 21 ηϿ tists and 1 chemist), 21 well-qualified technical ηٷÚÙÈṲ̂ÓÔÈ Ù¯ÓÈÎÔ› ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ÂȉÈÎÔًوÓ, ÔÈ 51 assistants of various specialisations, 51 employees Ù¯ÓÈÎfi Î·È ˘ÔÛÙËÚÈÎÙÈÎfi ÚÔÛˆÈÎfi Î·È ÔÈ 7 ÁÚ·Ì- as supportive personnel and 7 secretarial – account- Ì·ÙÂÈ·Îfi / ÏÔÁÈÛÙÈÎfi ÚÔÛˆÈÎfi. ing employees.
√ ÚÔ¸ÔÏÔÁÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ 2009 ·ÓÂÚ- The budget of the Department for 2009 reached ¯fiÙ·Ó Û €7.763.546. ∞fi ÙÔ ÔÛfi ·˘Ùfi, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô the amount of €7.763.546 and was derived entire- ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ÂÍ ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÎÚ·ÙÈÎfi ÚÔ¸Ô- ly from the state budget. The amount of ÏÔÁÈÛÌfi, ‰··Ó‹ıËÎ·Ó €4.458.894 ÁÈ· ÙȘ Ù·ÎÙÈΤ˜ €4.458.894 covered current expenditures, while ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È €1.999.115 ÁÈ· Ù’ ·Ó·Ù˘- €1.999.115 was spent on research and develop- Íȷο ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù·. ment.
1.3. ∆√ √ƒ∞ª∞ ∆√À ∆ª∏ª∞∆√™ 1.3. THE VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT
ŸÚ·Ì· ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ‰È·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛË Ù˘ ·ÂÈÊÔ- Vision of the Department is the preservation of the Ú›·˜ ÙˆÓ Ê˘ÛÈÎÒÓ fiÚˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡ Ì·˜, fiˆ˜ Î·È Ë sustainability of the natural resources of the island, ηٷ͛ˆÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ¯ÒÚÔ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ٷ Áˆ- as well as its wider acknowledgment as a member ÏÔÁÈο ‰ÚÒÌÂÓ·, fiÔ˘ ı· ÌÔÚ› ϤÔÓ Ó· ‰È·‰Ú·- of the international geoscientific community, Ì·Ù›˙ÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ ÛÙË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ where it will moreover play an important role in the Î·È Ó· ÂÎÊÚ¿˙ÂÈ ·Úıڈ̤ÓÔ ÏfiÁÔ ÛÙ· ΤÓÙÚ· Ï‹„˘ drafting of policies and be able to give voice to the ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÛÂ Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ›‰Ô. °È· ÙËÓ Â›Ù¢ÍË decision-making centres on a European level. For ÙÔ˘ ÔÚ¿Ì·Ùfi˜ ÙÔ˘ Ô˘ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈο ı· ÔÏÔÎÏËÚÒÓÂÙ·È the achievement of its vision that will diachronical- Ì ÙËÓ ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ‚Ú·¯˘ÚfiıÂÛÌˆÓ Î·È Ì·ÎÚÔ- ly be accomplished with the implementation of its ÚfiıÂÛÌˆÓ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ ÙÔ˘, ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È: short- and long-term aims, there is a need for:
ñ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ Ì ñ development of scientific collaborations ÔÌfiÏÔÁ˜ ˘ËÚÂۛ˜ Ù˘ ∂.∂., with similar organisations of the EU; ñ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË / ·Ó·‚·ıÌÈṲ̂ÓË Î·È ÂÓÂÚÁfi ñ greater / upgraded and active participa- Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Î·È ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ tion in the activities of the EuroGeoSur- ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡ EuroGeoSurveys (™‡Ó‰Â- veys; ÛÌÔ˜ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÒÓ °ÂˆÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÀËÚÂÛÈÒÓ), ñ staffing of the Department and continu- ñ ÏËÚ¤ÛÙÂÚË ÛÙÂϤ¯ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ous further education and training of its Û˘Ó¯‹˜ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡, staff; ñ ÚÔÌ‹ıÂÈ· / ·Ó·Ó¤ˆÛË Ì ۇÁ¯ÚÔÓË Ù¯ÓÔ- ñ provision / upgrading of laboratory and ÏÔÁ›· ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ Î·È ÂÚÁÔÙ·ÍÈ·ÎÔ‡ field equipment with modern technolo- ÂÍÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡, Î·È ‰È¿ıÂÛË ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚˆÓ gies and availability of more funds ÎÔÓ‰˘Ï›ˆÓ ÁÈ· ¤Ú¢ӷ. towards research.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 9 2. °∂¡π∫∂™ ¢ƒ∞™∆∏ƒπ√∆∏∆∂™ 2. GENERAL ACTIVITIES
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ Â›Ó·È ·fi ÙÔ 2005 Since 2005 the Cyprus Geological Survey is a full Ù·ÎÙÈÎfi ̤ÏÔ˜ Î·È ÌÂÙ¤¯ÂÈ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ™˘Ó‰¤- member of EuroGeoSurveys (EGS, previously known ÛÌÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÒÓ °ÂˆÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÀËÚÂÛÈÒÓ as FOREGS) and participates in its activities. EGS is (EuroGeoSurveys, ÚÒËÓ FOREGS), Ô˘ ‰Ú‡ÂÈ ÛÙÔ µ¤ÏÁÈÔ Î·È ·ÓÙÈÚÔۈ‡ÂÈ Û¯Â‰fiÓ fiϘ ÙȘ °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ- based in Orleans, France, and represents almost all Τ˜ ÀËÚÂۛ˜ ÙˆÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ Ù˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘, Î·È Û˘ÌÌÂ- of the European state geological surveys. Between Ù¤¯ÂÈ Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ √Ì¿‰Â˜ ∂ȉÈÎÔًوÓ. ªÂٷ͇ 13 13 and 16 October 2009, the Director represented Î·È 16 √ÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ 2009 Ë ¢È¢ı‡ÓÙÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹- the Department in the EGS Annual General Meeting, Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÂÎÚÔÛÒËÛ ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ÛÙȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ù˘ Û¯Â- which took place in Zagreb. ÙÈ΋˜ ∂·ÚÈÓ‹˜ °ÂÓÈ΋˜ ™˘Ó¿ÓÙËÛ˘, Ô˘ ¤Ï·‚ ¯ÒÚ· ÛÙÔ ∑¿ÁÎÚÂÌ.
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· ÂÍ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› Ó· Û˘ÓÂÚÁ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ì ·ÓÂÈ- Furthermore, the Department continued to have ÛÙ‹ÌÈ· Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ (∞ıËÓÒÓ, £ÂÛ- close contacts and cooperation with local and over- Û·ÏÔӛ΢, ¶·ÙÚÒÓ, ¡¤·˜ ¡fiÙÈ·˜ √˘·Ï›·˜ ∞˘ÛÙÚ·- seas universities (Athens, Thessaloniki, Patras, New Ï›·˜), ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈο ΤÓÙÚ·, ÔÌfiÏÔÁ˜ ÂıÓÈΤ˜ ˘ËÚÂ- South Wales of Australia), research centres, similar ۛ˜ ÙˆÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ Ù˘ ∂.∂., ÙˆÓ ∏.¶.∞. Î·È ÙÔ˘ national agencies of the E.U. member states, as πÛÚ·‹Ï, ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ-ªÂÛÔÁÂÈ·Îfi ™ÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ well as the U.S.A. and Israel, the Euro-Mediter- (∂ªSC) ÛÙÔ ™ÙÚ·Û‚Ô‡ÚÁÔ, ÙÔ ∂ıÓÈÎfi ∞ÛÙÂÚÔÛÎÔÂ›Ô ranean Seismological Centre (E.M.S.C.) in Strasburg, ∞ıËÓÒÓ, ÙÔ °ÂˆÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎfi πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ ÙÔ˘ Potsdam the National Observatory of Athens, the German Ù˘ °ÂÚÌ·Ó›·˜, ÙÔ ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· «ªÂ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ∞ˆÏÂÈÒÓ Research Centre for Geosciences (G.F.Z.) in Pots- ·fi ™ÂÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ¶ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÁ›- Ô˘» (R.E.L.E.M.R.) Î·È ÙÔ ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÙÔ˘ √.∏.∂. ÁÈ· dam, the programme for "Reducing Earthquake ÙËÓ «∞·ÁfiÚ¢ÛË ÙˆÓ ¶˘ÚËÓÈÎÒÓ ¢ÔÎÈÌÒÓ» Losses in the Eastern Mediterranean Region" (C.T.B.T.O.), Ô˘ ‰Ú‡ÂÈ ÛÙË µÈ¤ÓÓË. ∂›Û˘, Û˘Ó¯›- (R.E.L.E.M.R.) and the U.N. "Comprehensive Nuclear ˙ÂÈ ÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ (·fi ÙÔ 2006) ÛÙÔ ‰ÈÂıÓ¤˜ Úfi- Test Ban Treaty Organisation" (C.T.B.T.O.) in Vienna. ÁÚ·ÌÌ· «Terrafirma» ÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ √ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡ ÁÈ· Since 2006, it is also participating in the "Terrafirma" ÙÔ ¢È¿ÛÙËÌ·, Ô˘ ÛÎÔ› ‚·ÛÈο ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıË- project with the European Space Agency, which ÛË ÙˆÓ ÌÈÎÚÔÌÂÙ·ÎÈÓ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· Ù˘ Á˘ basically monitors small-scale ground deformations Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ‰ÔÚ˘ÊÔÚÈÎÔ‡ Ú·ÓÙ¿Ú. with the use of satellite radar.
∏ ¢È¢ı‡ÓÙÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÚÔ‰Ú‡ÂÈ Ù˘ Û˘ÛÙ·- The Director heads the Cyprus National Committee ı›۷˜ ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ 2007 ∂ıÓÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ÁÈ· that was established in 2007 for the "International ÚÔÒıËÛË ÙˆÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ˘ Year of Planet Earth (I.Y.P.E.) 2007-2009", a project ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ «¢ÈÂıÓ¤˜ ŒÙÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ó‹Ù˘ °Ë (2007 – initiated jointly by UNESCO and the International 2009)» (π.À.P.∂.), Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠ·fi ÎÔÈÓÔ‡ ÌÂٷ͇ Ù˘ √À¡∂™∫√ Î·È Ù˘ ¢ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Union of Geological Sciences (I.U.G.S.). The project
∂ÈÎ. 1 & 2. ™ÙÈÁÌÈfiÙ˘· ·fi ÙËÓ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË ÛÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ∏̤ڷ √Ú˘ÎÙÒÓ. Fig. 1 & 2. Snapshots from the European Minerals Day event that was held at the Department.
10 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department °ÂˆÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÒÓ (I.U.G.S.) Î·È ÛÎÔ› ‚·ÛÈο invests on the contribution of all geoscientists ÛÙË Û˘Ó‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ ÁˆÏfiÁˆÓ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÒÓ ÛÙËÓ around the world towards the protection of our ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È ÛÙË planet and its environment from the increasing ‰È¿ÛˆÛË ÙÔ˘ Ï·Ó‹ÙË °Ë ·fi ÙȘ Û˘Ó¯Ҙ ·˘Í·ÓfiÌÂ- threats and dangers caused by both natural phe- Ó˜ ·ÂÈϤ˜ Î·È ÎÈÓ‰‡ÓÔ˘˜, Ô˘ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ÙfiÛÔ nomena and anthropogenic activities. Within this ·fi Ê˘ÛÈο ·›ÙÈ·, fiÛÔ Î·È ·fi ·ÓıÚˆÔÁÂÓ›˜ ‰Ú·- framework, the Cyprus National Committee has ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜. ™Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ· ·˘Ù¿, Ë ∂ıÓÈ΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ prepared an action plan with the main purpose to ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ù·ÚÙ›ÛÂÈ ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ¢Ú¿Û˘ ÁÈ· ÂÓË- inform the public in Cyprus. ̤ڈÛË Ù˘ ΢Úȷ΋˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜.
§ÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ› ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯·Ó ÂÓÂÚÁ¿, ÛÙËÓ Officers of the Department were actively involved, ∫‡ÚÔ Î·È ÙÔ Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎfi, ÛÂ Û˘Ó¤‰ÚÈ·, ÛÂÌÈÓ¿ÚÈ· Î·È both in Cyprus and abroad, in conferences and ¿ÏϘ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÚÔ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙˆÓ other scientific events for the promotion of the ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ù˘ ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜. results derived from geological research.
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì·, ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÙÔ ™‡Ó‰ÂÛÌÔ °ÂˆÏfiÁˆÓ The Department, in collaboration with the Cyprus Î·È ªÂÙ·ÏÏÂÈÔÏfiÁˆÓ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ Î·È ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·- Association of Geologists and Mining Engineers and ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Û˘Ó‰¤ÛÌÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ·Û¯ÔÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ÂÍÔÚ˘- other professional associations that deal with the ÎÙÈ΋ ‚ÈÔÌ˯·Ó›·, Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔ›ËÛ ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÂΉË- extracting industry, held various events within the ÏÒÛÂȘ ̤۷ ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ∏̤ڷ˜ framework of the European Minerals Day (15-17 √Ú˘ÎÙÒÓ (15-17 ª·˝Ô˘ 2009) ÁÈ· Ó· ÚÔ‚¿ÏÂÈ ÙË May 2009) for the promotion of the significance of ÛËÌ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ÔÚ˘ÎÙÒÓ fiÚˆÓ ÛÙËÓ Î·ıËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ˙ˆ‹ minerals in our everyday lives. ÙÔ˘ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘.
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯Â ›Û˘ ÂÈÙ˘¯Ò˜ Ì ‰ÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ The Department successfully participated with a ÂÚ›ÙÂÚÔ ÛÙË 16Ë ¶·Á·ÚÈ· ∞ÁÚÔÙÈ΋ ŒÎıÂÛË, Ô˘ booth in the 16th Pancyprian Agricultural Fair that Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈ‹ıËΠÌÂٷ͇ 21 Î·È 25 √ÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ 2009 was held in Lefkosia between 21 and 25 October ÛÙË §Â˘ÎˆÛ›·. ¶¤Ú·Ó ·fi ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË ÙˆÓ ÛËÌ·- 2009. Apart from the presentation of its most sig- ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚˆÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ Î·È ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘, ‰fiıË- nificant activities, particular emphasis was given to Πȉȷ›ÙÂÚË ¤ÌÊ·ÛË Û ›ηÈÚ· ı¤Ì·Ù· fiˆ˜ ÙÔ current issues such as the water and the environ- ÓÂÚfi Î·È ÙÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ. ment.
∂ÈϤÔÓ, ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· Û˘Ó¤¯ÈÛ ӷ ‰È·ÙËÚ› Ôχ ÛÙÂ- Furthermore, the Survey continued to have close Ó¤˜ ·ʤ˜ Î·È Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ì ÂÓÙfiÈÔ˘˜ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔ- contacts and cooperation with local scientific and ÓÈÎÔ‡˜ Î·È Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÊÔÚ›˜, fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ professional bodies, like the Cyprus Technical Cham- ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi ∆¯ÓÈÎfi ∂ÈÌÂÏËÙ‹ÚÈÔ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ (∂∆∂∫) ber (ETEK) and the professional societies of civil Î·È ÔÈ ÔÚÁ·ÓˆÌ¤ÓÔÈ Û‡Ó‰ÂÛÌÔÈ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ Ì˯·ÓÈ- engineers, architects, geologists and mining engi- ÎÒÓ, ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙfiÓˆÓ, ÁˆÏfiÁˆÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÂÈÔÏfiÁˆÓ. neers.
TÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· Û˘ÓÂÚÁ¿ÛıËΠÔχ ÛÙÂÓ¿ Î·È ·Ú·ÁˆÁÈο Ì ¿ÏϘ ˘ËÚÂۛ˜ (΢ڛˆ˜ Ù¯ÓÈΤ˜) ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Ô˘, Moreover, the Department cooperated very pro- fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ∂·Ú¯È·Î¤˜ ¢ÈÔÈ΋ÛÂȘ, ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ∞Ó·- ductively with other (mainly technical) state agen- ه͈˜ À‰¿ÙˆÓ, ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ¢ËÌÔÛ›ˆÓ ŒÚÁˆÓ, ÙÔ cies such as the District Offices, the Water Develop- ∆Ì‹Ì· ¶ÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌ›·˜ Î·È √È΋Ûˆ˜, ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ¢·ÛÒÓ, ment Department, the Department of Public Works, ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜, Ë ÀËÚÂÛ›· ªÂÙ·ÏÏ›ˆÓ, the Department of Town Planning and Housing, the ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ∞Ó·‰·ÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ °ÂÓÈÎfi ÃËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ∫Ú¿- Department of Forests, the Department of the ÙÔ˘˜. ∞Ó¿ÏÔÁ· ‰Â Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯ÂÈ Î·È Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ·ÚÈıÌfi Environment, the Mines Service, the Department of Ù¯ÓÈÎÒÓ ÂÈÙÚÔÒÓ, ÔÈ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Land Consolidation and the State Chemical Labora- Û¯¤ÛË Ì ٷ ı¤Ì·Ù· Î·È ÙȘ ¢ı‡Ó˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. tory. It also participated in a large number of tech- ™˘Ó¯›ÛıËÎÂ Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ 2009 Ë ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ nical committees, the work of which relates to geo- ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ·ÈÙ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÁÈ· ∂Ú¢ÓËÙÈΤ˜ Î·È ¶ÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌÈΤ˜ logical matters. During 2009, a substantial number Õ‰ÂȘ ÁÈ· ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌfi Î·È ÂÎÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ¢ÛË ‚ÈÔÌ˯·ÓÈ- of applications for mineral exploration permits as ÎÒÓ ÔÚ˘ÎÙÒÓ, ÂÙÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÂ˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ. well as town planning permits relating to mineral ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, ÂÙÔÈÌ¿ÛıËÎ·Ó Û˘ÓÔÙÈΤ˜ ÂÎı¤ÛÂȘ, Ô˘ resources were evaluated. In parallel, reports were ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó ÂͤٷÛË ·ÈÙ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÁÈ· ·Ú·¯ÒÚËÛË prepared relating to applications submitted to the ¶ÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌÈÎÒÓ ∞‰ÂÈÒÓ ÁÈ· ÂÎÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ¢ÛË ÔÚ˘ÎÙÔ‡ Board for the Consideration of Planning Deviation ÏÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ηٿ ·Ú¤ÎÎÏÈÛË ·fi ÙÔ ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ ªÂϤ- for town planning permits. Environmental impact Ù˘ ¶·ÚÂÎÎϛۈÓ. ∂›Û˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁËı› ÂÚÈ- assessments and geological studies for the planning ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈΤ˜ Î·È ÁˆÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ Û¯Â‰È·-
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 11 ÛÌfi Î·È Î·Ù·Û΢‹ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎÒÓ ¤ÚÁˆÓ ˘Ô‰ÔÌ‹˜ Î·È and construction of significant development works ¿ÏÏˆÓ ·Ó·Ù˘ÍÈ·ÎÒÓ ¤ÚÁˆÓ. §ÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ› ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·- have also been evaluated. Officers of the Depart- ÙÔ˜ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘Û·Ó ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ¿ÚıÚ· ÛÙ· ¤ÓÙ˘· ª¤Û· ment published various articles in the media and ª·˙È΋˜ ∂ÓË̤ڈÛ˘ Î·È ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎfi «∞°ƒ√∆∏™» the "AGROTIS" journal of the Ministry of Agriculture, ÙÔ˘ ÀÔ˘ÚÁ›Ԣ °ÂˆÚÁ›·˜, º˘ÛÈÎÒÓ ¶fiÚˆÓ Î·È ¶ÂÚÈ- Natural Resources and the Environment. They also ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È ÂÈϤÔÓ, ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛıËÎ·Ó ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ participated in various radio and TV programmes. ÊÔÚ¤˜ Û ÂÓËÌÂÚˆÙÈΤ˜ ÂÎÔ̤˜ ÙˆÓ Ú·‰ÈÔÙËÏÂÔ- ÙÈÎÒÓ Ì¤ÛˆÓ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘.
™ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ˘Ú‹Ó·˜ Ì¿ıËÛ˘, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ A learning core committee operates in the Depart- ·Ó·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Î¿ı ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÙÔÓ Î·Ù·ÚÙÈÛÌfi ۯ‰›Ô˘ ment and organises training schemes for the staff Âη›‰Â˘Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡, ·ÊÔ‡ ‰È·ÁÓÒÛÂÈ ÙȘ based on their needs. The training scheme for 2009 ·Ó¿ÁΘ Ì¿ıËÛ‹˜ ÙÔ˘. ∆Ô Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ 2009 included educational programmes both in Cyprus ÂÚÈÂÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈο ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù·, ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙËÓ and abroad. ∫‡ÚÔ fiÛÔ Î·È ÛÙÔ Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎfi.
3. µ∞™π∫∏ °∂ø§√°π∫∏ ∂ƒ∂À¡∞ – 3. BASIC GEOLOGICAL °∂ø§√°π∫∞ ¢∂¢√ª∂¡∞ RESEARCH – GEOLOGICAL DATA
3.1. °∂ø§√°π∫∏ Ã∞ƒ∆√°ƒ∞º∏™∏ 3.1. GEOLOGICAL MAPPING
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÙȘ Áˆ- ÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ·Ê‹ÛÂȘ Ì ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË ¤ÌÊ·ÛË Û The Survey continues to do geological mapping ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ‰ËÌÔÛÈÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔÈ with special emphasis in areas lacking any previous ÁˆÏÔÁÈÎÔ› ¯¿ÚÙ˜. ∏ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ¯·ÚÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯ÒÓ ∞Á›·˜ µ·Ú‚¿Ú·˜-¶ÂÓÙ·ÏÈ¿˜, ¶fiÏ˘-∞ο̷ map publications. In the 90’s, the publication of the Î·È ∞¯¤ÏÈ·˜-∫Ô˘ÎÏÈÒÓ ÛÙË ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ÙÔ˘ 1990 ·Ó¤‰ÂÈ- Agia Varvara-Pentalia, Polis-Akamas and Achelia- Í ÙËÓ ÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ÔÏ˘ÏÔÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ù˘ Kouklia maps brought attention to the tectonically ¶¿ÊÔ˘, ÛÙÔ ‰˘ÙÈÎfi ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡. ∏ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË complex region of Pafos, in the western part of the ÙÔ˘ ÁˆÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ ¯¿ÚÙË Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ¶¿ÊÔ˘-∫·ÏϤ- island. The publication of the Geological map of ÂÈ·˜ Û Îϛ̷η 1:25.000 ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ì›· ·fi ÙȘ ΢ÚÈfi- Pafos–Kallepeia at 1:25,000 scale formed one of the ÙÂÚ˜ ÚfiÛÊ·Ù˜ ÂΉfiÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. ª›· Ó¤· ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋ ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛË ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ÙÔ 2009 Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô recent highlights. A new mapping project covering Ó· ηχ„ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¶¤ÁÂÈ·˜ - ™ÙÂÓ‹˜ Î·È Ó· ·Ô- the area from Pegeia to Steni is the 5th map in the ÙÂϤÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ¤ÌÙÔ ÛÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ ¯¿ÚÙË Ù˘ ηÈÓÔ‡ÚÁÈ·˜ 1:25.000 geologic map series (sheet 16 I & II) and an ÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ¯·ÚÙÒÓ Îϛ̷η˜ 1:25.000 (ʇÏÏÔ 16 π & II, ∂ÈÎ. attempt for geological coverage in the broader 1). ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· Ì›· ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛ˘ Ù˘ Pafos area. During 2009, 20% of the map area was ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛ˘ Ù˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚ˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ mapped covering mostly the southern map area ¶¿ÊÔ˘. ª¤Û· ÛÙÔ 2009, ηχÊıËΠÙÔ 20% Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ- ¯‹˜, ΢ڛˆ˜ ÙÔ ÓÔÙÈfiÙÂÚÔ ÙÌ‹Ì·, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ‰ÂÓ Î·Ï‡- since this area has no previous map coverage. ÙÂÙ·È Î·ıfiÏÔ˘ ·fi ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ˜ ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ·Ê‹ÛÂȘ.
∏ ·Ú¿ÎÙÈ· ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ∞Á›·˜ ¡¿·˜-¶·Ú·ÏÈÌÓ›Ô˘, ÛÙË Looking east, the Agia Napa-Paralimni coastal zone ÓÔÙÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ∫‡ÚÔ, ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ì›· Ó¤· ÚfiÎÏËÛË of southeast Cyprus presents a new challenge to ÁÈ· ÔÏÂÔ‰fiÌÔ˘˜ Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Ì˯·ÓÈÎÔ‡˜. ∆Ô urban planners and engineers. The Survey will soon ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ Û‡ÓÙÔÌ· ı· Â›Ó·È Û ı¤ÛË Ó· ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂÈ ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚ‹ ÁˆÏÔÁÈÎfi ¯¿ÚÙË be able to publish a detailed geological map (sheet (ʇÏÏ· 14 IV & 15 I, ∂ÈÎ. 3) Û ·˘Ù‹ ÙË ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚ· ·Ó·- 14 IV and sheet 15 I) in this quickly developing area. Ù˘ÛÛfiÌÂÓË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹.
12 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ª›· ÓÂÔÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ÌÂϤÙË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÂͤÏÈÍË ÛÙËÓ A neotectonic study in the broader area of the town ¢ڇÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ fiÏ˘ Ù˘ §¿Úӷη˜. ∏ ÌÂϤ- of Larnaka is evaluating the tectonic activity in the ÙË ·˘Ù‹ ÌÂÏÂÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ÂÓÂÚÁfi ÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ area and more specifically the activity of an active Î·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ Ú‹ÁÌ· Ô˘ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ- fault that outcrops at Cape Kiti and transects the ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ·ÎÚˆÙËÚ›Ô˘ ∫›ÙÈ, ‰È¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ·ÂÚÔ‰Úfi- Larnaka airport, the town of Larnaka and its north- ÌÈÔ, ÙËÓ fiÏË Ù˘ §¿Úӷη˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙȘ ‚ÔÚÂÈ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ- eastern provinces. Τ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘.
√ÏÔÎÏËÚÒıËÎÂ Ë ÚÔÂÙÔÈÌ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ÁˆÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ A joint mapping project with the United States Geo- ¯·ÚÙÒÓ Îϛ̷η˜ 1:25.000 Ù˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚ˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ logical Survey (U.S.G.S.) has resulted in the publica- §Â˘ÎˆÛ›·˜, ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÙË °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋ ÀËÚÂÛ›· tion of the Bedrock geologic map of the Broader ÙˆÓ ∏.¶.∞.. ∏ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯¿ÚÙË ÙÔ˘ ˘Ô‚¿ıÚÔ˘ Lefkosia area in 2008. Ongoing work is supporting ¤ÁÈÓ ̤۷ ÛÙÔ 2008, ÂÓÒ Ô ¯¿ÚÙ˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÊ·ÓÂÈ·- the publication of the Surficial geologic map of the ÎÒÓ ·Ôı¤ÛÂˆÓ ı· ÂΉÔı› ̤۷ ÛÙÔ 2010. same area in 2010.
∂ÈÎ. 3. ∆· Ú¿ÛÈÓ· ÔχÁˆÓ· ·ÂÈÎÔÓ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ‰ËÌÔÛÈÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ˘˜ ¯¿ÚÙ˜ Û Îϛ̷η 1:25.000. √È ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ì ‰È·ÁÚ¿ÌÌÈÛË ¯·ÚÙÔ- ÁÚ·ÊÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û‹ÌÂÚ·. ∏ ÌÏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÙˆÓ ˘·Ú¯fiÓÙˆÓ ‰ËÌÔÛÈÂ˘Ì¤ÓˆÓ ¯·ÚÙÒÓ Û Îϛ̷η 1:30.000 ‹ ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚË. Fig.3. Green polygons show published geologic maps in the 1:25.000 scale series. Crosshatched areas are being mapped presently. Area in blue shows extent of existing map publications with a scale of 1:30.000 or smaller.
3.2. °∂øª√ƒº√§√°π∞ 3.2. GEOMORPHOLOGY
∆Ô ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ù˘ °ÂˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›·˜ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ̤۷ ÛÙÔ 2006 Î·È ÂÈÎÂÓÙÚÒıËΠÛÙË ÌÂϤÙË This research project of the geomorphology of ÙˆÓ ∆ÂÙ·ÚÙÔÁÂÓÒÓ ÁˆÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ‰ÈÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ. ∫‡ÚÈÔ Cyprus begun in 2006 and focused on the study of ·Ú·‰ÔÙ¤Ô ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ‰‡Ô ÛÂÈÚ¤˜ 24 Quaternary geological processes. Two sets of 24 ¯·ÚÙÒÓ Îϛ̷η˜ 1:50.000, ÌÈ· Ì ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈ- 1:50.000 scale geomorphologic and quaternary ÎÔ‡˜ ¯¿ÚÙ˜ Î·È ÌÈ· Ì ¯¿ÚÙ˜ Ù˘ ÁˆÏÔÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÂÙ·ÚÙÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜. ∏ ÌÂϤÙË ÂÈÎÂÓÙÚÒÓÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ∆ÂÙ·Ú- geology maps of Cyprus are the major deliverables ÙÔÁÂÓ›˜ ·Ôı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ÁˆÌÔÚʤ˜, ÛÙË Áˆ¯ÚÔÓÔ- of this project. The study concentrates on Quater- ÏfiÁËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÛÙË ÛËÌ·Û›· ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ nary deposits and landforms, their relative age and
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 13 ÙÔ›Ô. ∞˘Ùfi Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì¤Ûˆ ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚÒÓ ˘·›ıÚÈˆÓ their significance on the landscape. This was ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ·Ê‹ÛˆÓ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ì ÂÚÌËÓ›· ‰ÔÚ˘ÊÔÚÈ- achieved through detailed field and remote map- ÎÒÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ, ·Ú¤¯ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙË ‚¿ÛË ÁÈ· „ËÊÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ping providing the basis for a digital and seamless ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡˜ Î·È ∆ÂÙ·ÚÙÔÁÂÓÒÓ ·Ôı¤ÛÂˆÓ Geomorphological map and Quaternary deposits ¯¿ÚÙ˜ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘. ∏ ÛÙڈ̷ÙÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÙÔ˘ ∆ÂÙ·ÚÙÔ- map of Cyprus. The Quaternary stratigraphy on the ÁÂÓÔ‡˜ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ·Ó·ıˆڋıËΠ̠ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ‰È·- island is being revised with the use of various ÊfiÚˆÓ Áˆ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ Û ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· Ô˘ geochronological methods. Samples were taken Ï‹ÊıËÎ·Ó ·fi ∆ÂÙ·ÚÙÔÁÂÓ›˜ ÔÙ¿ÌȘ, ÎÔÏÏÔ˘‚È·- during island-wide surveys from Quaternary fluvial, Τ˜ Î·È ı·Ï¿ÛÛȘ ·Ôı¤ÛÂȘ, ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ¢Ú›· ¤Ú¢- colluvial and marine deposits. The understanding of Ó· Û fiÏÔ ÙÔ ÓËÛ›. ∏ ηٷÓfiËÛË ÁÈ· ÙÔ ˆ˜ ÔÈ ÎÏÈÌ·- ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜, Ë ·ÓıÚÒÈÓË Î·È Ë ÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ‰Ú·ÛÙË- how climate change, human and tectonic activity ÚÈfiÙËÙ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂËÚ¿ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· Ù˘ Á˘ ηٿ has impacted the surface of the earth in the past, ÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ, ı· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ Ó· ÚÔ‚ÏÂÊıÔ‡Ó ÂÈÙÒ- will help predict how these processes, especially cli- ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ı· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ Ì¤ÏÏÔÓ ÔÈ ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ mate change and desertification will impact the Î·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÔÈ ÎÏÈÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ Î·È Ë ·Âڋ̈ÛË, landscape in the future in terms of time and scale. ÙfiÛÔ ¯ÚÔÓÈο fiÛÔ Î·È Û Îϛ̷η.
™Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ· Ù˘ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ Ù˘ ۇ̂·Û˘ Ù˘ µÈ¤Ó- As part of the application of the Vienna Landscape Ó˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ›Ô˘, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ù˘ ÎÚ·- Convention for the protection of the landscape, but ÙÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÙÔ̤· Ù˘ ÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌ›·˜ Î·È Ù˘ also the state policy for town planning and policies ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ‡·ÈıÚÔ, ÛÙËÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ Î·È ÙÂÏÈ΋ for the countryside, the Survey and the final report ¤ÎıÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ °ÂˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›·˜ Ù˘ of the Geomorphology of Cyprus have identified ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÙÔÈÛÙ› Î·È ÚÔÙ·ı› ı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È and suggested sites and areas that need protection. ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·. ∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· The Cyprus Geological Survey considers the protec- °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ ıˆÚ› ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· tion of geomorphological features and sites with ÂÚÈÔ¯ÒÓ Ì ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈο ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜ Ì ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋ Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋ ÛËÌ·- geological and cultural significance as an important Û›·, ˆ˜ Ì›· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ Ù˘¯‹ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÂÈÊfiÚÔ ·Ó¿Ù˘- aspect for sustainable development. Such sites are ÍË. √È ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔ ÙÔ found throughout the island, and are related to tra- ÓËÛ› Î·È Û˘Ó‰¤ÔÓÙ·È Ì ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ÙÔ›·, ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ- ditional landscapes, excellent geological outcrops Τ˜ ÁˆÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ÂÌÊ·Ó›ÛÂȘ, ·Ú¯·›· ÌÂÙ·Ï- and type sections, ancient mine and metallurgical Ï›· Î·È ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÔ˘ÚÁÈΤ˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜, ¶ÏÂÈÛÙÔηÈÓÈΤ˜ workings, Pleistocene mammal fossil sites, early ı¤ÛÂȘ ·ÔÏÈıˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ ıËÏ·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ, ¯ÒÚˆÓ ÚÒÈÌ˘ human occupation sites or sites of extreme natural ·ÓıÚÒÈÓ˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ‹ ¯ÒÚˆÓ ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋˜ beauty. Ê˘ÛÈ΋˜ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿˜.
∂ÈÎ. 4. ÿÚÙ˘ ∆ÂÙ·ÚÙÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜ °ÂˆÏÔÁ›·˜ (¿Óˆ) Î·È °ÂˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ ¯¿ÚÙ˘ (οو) ¢˘ÙÈ΋˜ ªÂÛ·ÔÚ›·˜, ¤Ó· ·fi Ù· ÈÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ- ο ÙÂÙ·ÚÙÔÁÂÓ‹ ÙÔ›· ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡. Fig.4. Quaternary geology map (top) and Geomorphology map (bottom) of western Mesaoria, one of the most significant quaternary landscapes on the island.
14 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department 3.3. °∂ø£∂ƒªπ∫∏ ∂¡∂ƒ°∂π∞ 3.3. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
√È ·˘ÍË̤Ó˜ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÁÈ· Ú¿ÛÈÓË ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ· ÂÈ‚¿Ï- With the growing need for green energy, informa- ÏÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÁˆıÂÚÌÈΤ˜ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘˜ tion on ground temperature is useful during the ÙÔ˘ ˘Â‰¿ÊÔ˘˜ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ôχ ¯Ú‹ÛÈ̘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ construction of large projects. This project focuses ηٷÛ΢‹ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ¤ÚÁˆÓ. ∆Ô ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·Ì- on the collection of data for the design of thermal Ì· ÁˆıÂÚÌ›·˜, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙÔ energy systems which use water circulation heat ÿ‰Ú˘Ì· ¶ÚÔÒıËÛ˘ ŒÚ¢ӷ˜ Î·È ‰ÈÂÍ¿ÁÂÙ·È Û pumps in boreholes. Engineers concerned with Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÙÔ ∆¯ÓÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ these problems require data of ground tempera- (∆∂.¶∞.∫.) Î·È ÙÔ ÀÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô ∂ÌÔÚ›Ô˘, µÈÔÌ˯·Ó›·˜ tures and how they vary with respect to topogra- Î·È ∆Ô˘ÚÈÛÌÔ‡ (ÀËÚÂÛ›· ∂Ó¤ÚÁÂÈ·˜), ÂÈÎÂÓÙÚÒÓÂÙ·È phy, geology, time, depth and seasonality. Temper- ÛÙË Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙÔ Û¯Â‰È·ÛÌfi ıÂÚÌÈÎÒÓ atures are being measured in six locations in Û˘ÛÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ·˜, Ì ÙËÓ Î˘ÎÏÔÊÔÚ›· ÓÂÚÔ‡ Cyprus, with thermocouples inserted in the ground ̤ۈ ·ÓÙÏÈÒÓ ıÂÚÌfiÙËÙ·˜ ̤۷ Û ÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ. √È at a depth of 0m to up to 120 m. Heat pumps work ·ÓÙϛ˜ ıÂÚÌfiÙËÙ·˜ ·ÔÚÚ›ÙÔ˘Ó ıÂÚÌfiÙËÙ· Û ¤Ó· more efficiently when they reject heat in cooler ÈÔ ÎÚ‡Ô ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ηÏÔηÈ- ground environments in the summertime or when ÚÈÔ‡ Î·È ·ÔÚÚÔÊÔ‡Ó ıÂÚÌfiÙËÙ· ·fi ¤Ó· ÈÔ ˙ÂÛÙfi they absorb heat from warmer environments in the ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ÂÈÌÒÓ·. ∆Ô ˘¤‰·- wintertime. The ground presents a favourable envi- ÊÔ˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó· ¢ÓÔ˚Îfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ÂÂȉ‹ ηٿ ronment because in the summertime its tempera- ÙËÓ Î·ÏÔηÈÚÈÓ‹ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Ë ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›· Â›Ó·È Î·ÙÒ- ture is lower than that of the atmosphere and in ÙÂÚË ·fi ÂΛÓË Ù˘ ·ÙÌfiÛÊ·ÈÚ·˜ Î·È ÙÔ ¯ÂÈÌÒÓ· the winter it is higher. These data were obtained ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚË. ∆Ô ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Ì¤ÙÚËÛË through the research program Technology / Energy ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·ÛÈÒÓ Û ¤ÍÈ ÂÈÏÂÁ̤Ó˜ Ì ÁˆÏÔÁÈο ÎÚÈ- funded by the Research Promotion Fund, and con- Ù‹ÚÈ· ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜ ÛÙËÓ ∫‡ÚÔ, Ì ÂȉÈο ıÂÚÌfiÌÂÙÚ· ducted in collaboration with the Cyprus University Ô˘ ÂÈÛ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ Û ‚¿ıË ·fi 0 ̤¯ÚÈ 120 of Technology (TE.PA.K.) and the Ministry of Com- ̤ÙÚ· ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÌÂϤÙË ˆ˜ ·˘Ù¿ ÌÂÙ·‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È Û merce, Industry and Tourism (Energy Service). Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ÙÔÔÁÚ·Ê›·, ÁˆÏÔÁ›·, ¯ÚfiÓÔ, ‚¿ıÔ˜ Î·È ÂÔ¯‹.
∂ÈÎ. 5. ∂ÁηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÁˆıÂÚÌÈÎÔ‡ ÂÓ·ÏÏ¿ÎÙË ÛÙË ÁÂÒÙÚËÛË Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ¡¿·˜. Fig. 5. Installation of geothermal exchangers in the Agia Napa borehole.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 15 3.4. ™À™∆∏ª∞∆∞ °∂ø°ƒ∞ºπ∫ø¡ ¶§∏ƒ√º√ƒπø¡ 3.4. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ› ‰È¿- The Survey uses various custom geodatabases which ÊÔÚ˜ Áˆ‚¿ÛÂȘ, ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ·ÔıË·ÂÈ ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈο, store administrative, geological, topographical and ÙÔÔÁÚ·ÊÈο, ÁˆÏÔÁÈο Î·È ¯Ú‹Û˘ Á˘ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ. land use data. This geographical system environ- ∞˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÛÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÚÔ- ment promotes the integrated use of earth infor- ˆı› ÙËÓ ÔÏÔÎÏËڈ̤ÓË ¯Ú‹ÛË ‚¿ÛÂˆÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ, mation databases providing georeferenced spatial ·Ú¤¯ÔÓÙ·˜ ¯ˆÚÈο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ Ì Áˆ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ Î·È data and has become a necessary tool for planning ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ù·ÛÙ› ¤Ó· ··Ú·›ÙËÙÔ ÂÚÁ·ÏÂ›Ô ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÚÔ- and decision-making. In 2009, the geodatabase was ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Î·È ÙË Ï‹„Ë ·ÔÊ¿ÛˆÓ. ª¤Û· ÛÙÔ updated with new data, mainly derived from digi- 2009, Ë Áˆ‚¿ÛË ÂÓËÌÂÚÒıËΠ̠Ӥ· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ, tised analogue data. Most digital geological data, ÚÔÂÚ¯fiÌÂÓ· ΢ڛˆ˜ ·fi „ËÊÈÔÔÈË̤ӷ ·Ó·ÏÔÁÈο derived from both published and unpublished maps ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ. ∆· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· „ËÊȷο ÁˆÏÔÁÈο ‰Â‰Ô- of the survey are also available for sale to the pub- ̤ӷ, Ù· ÔÔ›· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÂΉÔ̤ÓÔ˘˜ Î·È lic. The geodatabase also provides data for the pub- ÌË ÂΉÔ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ¯¿ÚÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, Â›Ó·È ‰È·ı¤ÛÈÌ· lication of maps and informative leaflets through ÚÔ˜ ÒÏËÛË ÛÙÔ ÎÔÈÓfi. ∏ Áˆ‚¿ÛË Â›Û˘ ·Ú¤¯ÂÈ easy export to digital cartographic software. Assis- ÛÙÔȯ›· ÁÈ· ÙË ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ¯·ÚÙÒÓ Î·È ÂÓËÌÂÚˆÙÈÎÒÓ tance with geographical data is provided to many Ê˘ÏÏ·‰›ˆÓ ̤ۈ „ËÊÈ·ÎÒÓ ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎÒÓ ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈ- departments of the government, research projects, ÎÒÓ. µÔ‹ıÂÈ· Ì ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ·Ú¤¯ÂÙ·È Û universities and archaeological excavation groups. ÔÏÏ¿ ∆Ì‹Ì·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜, ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈο ÚÔÁÚ¿Ì- The Department of Agriculture was provided with Ì·Ù·, ·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈ· Î·È Û ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ analysed soil and geomorphological data that helped ·Ó·ÛηÊÒÓ. ∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÚÁ›·˜ ÚÔÌËı‡ÙËΠ̠determine the degree of natural handicap in agri- ‰·ÊÈο Î·È ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ, Ô˘ ‚Ô‹ıË- cultural areas. Other sources of digital information Û·Ó ÛÙÔÓ Î·ıÔÚÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ‚·ıÌÔ‡ Ê˘ÛÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÈÔÓÂÎÙË- are raster catalogues of georeferenced maps and Ì¿ÙˆÓ Û ·ÁÚÔÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜. ÕÏϘ ËÁ¤˜ „ËÊÈ·- satellite images, available for quick and easy display ÎÒÓ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ Î·Ù¿ÏÔÁÔÈ Û·ÚˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ of background geographical information to GIS ¯·ÚÙÒÓ Î·È ‰ÔÚ˘ÊÔÚÈÎÒÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚ· users. The computer network of the Survey is Î·È Â‡ÎÔÏ· ‰È·ı¤ÛÈÌÔÈ Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ‚·ÛÈ΋ ÏËÚÔ- administered on a daily basis, with support to 60 ÊfiÚËÛË ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¯Ú‹ÛÙ˜ ÙˆÓ ™˘ÛÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ °ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈ- users, the operation of the survey’s website, hard- ÎÒÓ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ. ware and software, and backup systems.
Recent data sets include a seamless island–wide ∏ ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·- geology layer created initially for the "One Geology ÙÔ˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ηıËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÂÚÁ·Û›· fiˆ˜ Î·È Ë ˘Ô- Europe" project and forming a seamless map of ÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ÙˆÓ 60 Î·È Ï¤ÔÓ ¯ÚËÛÙÒÓ, Ë ·Ó·‚¿ıÌÈÛË over 13.000 geological polygons. This is an ongoing ÙÔ˘ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ÂÍÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡, ÙˆÓ ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ project which will provide the best geological infor- Û˘ÛÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ÙˆÓ ÂʉÚÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÛÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ·Ôı‹Î¢- mation at any location and derived comprehensive- Û˘ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë Û˘Ó¯‹˜ ÂÓË̤ڈÛË Ù˘ ly from published and unpublished geological maps ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰·˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. with field checking where appropriate. Any new and existing geodatabase layer is being prepared ™Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ "One Geology Europe" having in mind the smooth transition into the ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠ¤Ó·˜ Ó¤Ô˜ ÔÌÔÈÔÁÂÓ‹˜ „ËÊÈ·Îfi˜ INSPIRE European Directive (Infrastructure for Spa- ¯¿ÚÙ˘ ÁÈ· fiÏÔ ÙÔ ÓËÛ› Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ¿Óˆ ·fi tial Information in the European Community). The INSPIRE Directive which establishes a predefined 13.000 ÁˆÏÔÁÈο ÔχÁˆÓ· Î·È ÌÈ· Ó¤· ‚¿ÛË ‰Â‰Ô- structured public-access set of spatial data requires ̤ӈÓ. ∆Ô ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· "One Geology Europe" Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· data in geology including mainly layers of bedrock ˘fi ÂͤÏÈÍË ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·, Ô˘ ı· ‰ÒÛÂÈ ÙËÓ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË geology, aquifers and geomorphology. ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›· Û ÔÔÈ·‰‹ÔÙ ı¤ÛË, Î·È Ë ÔÔ›· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Áˆ- Cooperation with foreign universities and research ÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡˜ ¯¿ÚÙ˜, ÂΉÔ̤ÓÔ˘˜ Î·È ÌË, Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi institutes is ongoing mainly in the form of providing ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÛÙÔ ‡·ÈıÚÔ fiÔ˘ ·˘Ùfi˜ Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙÔ˜. help to foreign geology students and researchers ∫¿ı Ӥ· Î·È ÚÔ¸¿Ú¯Ô˘Û· Áˆ‚¿ÛË ÚÔÂÙÔÈÌ¿˙Â- doing work in Cyprus. Other ongoing local coopera- Ù·È ¤¯ÔÓÙ·˜ ˘fi„Ë ÙËÓ ÔÌ·Ï‹ ÌÂÙ¿‚·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ- tion exists with the Forestry Department, the ·˚΋ √‰ËÁ›· INSPIRE (˘Ô‰ÔÌ‹ ÁÈ· ¯ˆÚÔÙ·ÍÈΤ˜ ÏË- Forestry College, numerous archaeological expedi- ÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ∫ÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·). ∏ Ô‰ËÁ›· tions and various museums of natural history. A INSPIRE, Ë ÔÔ›· ıÂÛ›˙ÂÈ ÌÈ· ÚÔηıÔÚÈṲ̂ÓË ‰È·Ú- portable seismograph helps provide advice to the ıڈ̤ÓË ‰ËÌfiÛÈ· ÚfiÛ‚·ÛË ÛÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÈ- government or the citizen on problems relating to ÎÒÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ, ··ÈÙ›, ÌÂٷ͇ ¿ÏψÓ, ÁˆÏÔÁÈο ground shaking. The Cyprus Police often requests „ËÊȷο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ fiˆ˜ ‚·ÛÈ΋˜ ÁˆÏÔÁ›·˜, ˘‰ÚÔ- assistance on geoscientific matters which often ÁˆÏÔÁ›·˜, ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›·˜ Î.Ï. require testimonies in court. The thin section labora- tory prepares samples for petrographic and palaeon- tological analysis needed for mapping projects.
16 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department 4. √ƒÀ∫∆√π ¶√ƒ√π 4. MINERAL RESOURCES
√È ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÙÔ̤· ÙˆÓ ÔÚ˘ÎÙÒÓ fiÚˆÓ Î·Ï‡ÙÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ¢ڇ Ê¿ÛÌ· ·ÚÌÔ- The Department covers a broad range of activities ‰ÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ Ì ‚·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ÙÔÌ›˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙËÓ in relation to mineral resources, focusing on applied ÂÊ·ÚÌÔṲ̂ÓË ¤Ú¢ӷ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÂÈÊfiÚÔ Î·È research, as well as the exploration and manage- ÔÚıÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË, ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË Î·È ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË ÙˆÓ ment of the mineral resources of Cyprus (metallic ÔÚ˘ÎÙÒÓ fiÚˆÓ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ (ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÈÎÒÓ Î·È ‚ÈÔÌË- and industrial) within an environmentally accept- ¯·ÓÈÎÒÓ ÔÚ˘ÎÙÒÓ) ÛÙË ‚¿ÛË ÂÓfi˜ ÈÛÔÚÚÔË̤ÓÔ˘ able framework. In parallel, a number of specialised ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈÎÔ‡ Ï·ÈÛ›Ô˘. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, ÂÎÔÓÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤Ó· ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈο ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·- research programmes in cooperation with consult- Û›· Ì ͤÓÔ˘˜ ÂÌÂÈÚÔÁÓÒÌÔÓ˜, Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ ing agencies are carried out aiming at the broaden- ÂȉÈÒÎÂÙ·È Ë Û˘Ó¯‹˜ ‰È‡ڢÓÛË ÙˆÓ ‰˘Ó·ÙÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ing of the use of mineral resources, as well as the ¯Ú‹Û˘ ÙˆÓ ÔÚ˘ÎÙÒÓ ÚÒÙˆÓ ˘ÏÒÓ, Ë ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ improvement of the quality of the final products. ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ÁÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÚÔ˚fiÓÙˆÓ Î·È Ë ‰È·- ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛË Ù˘ ηٷÏÏËÏfiÙËÙ¿˜ ÙÔ˘˜.
ªÂ ·fiÊ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÀÔ˘ÚÁÈÎÔ‡ ™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘ Û˘ÛÙ¿ıËΠWith a decision of the Council of Ministers, the Sus- Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› Ë ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ ∞ÂÈÊfiÚÔ˘ ∞Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ √Ú˘- tainable Development of Mineral Resources Com- ÎÙÒÓ ¶fiÚˆÓ. ™Ùfi¯Ô˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ÔÏÔÎÏËڈ̤ÓË Î·È Û˘ÓÔ- mittee has been set up, aiming at a comprehensive ÏÈ΋ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ‰˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÒÓ evaluation of problems relating to the exploration, Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ ÙÔ̤· Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜, ÂÎÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ¢- Û˘ Î·È ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÔÚ˘ÎÙÔ‡ ÏÔ‡ÙÔ˘, Î·È Ë ‰È·- exploitation and management of the mineral Ù‡ˆÛË ÂÈÛËÁ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ ·ÚÌfi‰È˜ ·Ú¯¤˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ wealth, as well as their successful solutions through ÂÈÙ˘¯‹ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜. ¶¤Ú·Ó ÙˆÓ ıÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ suggestions to the competent authorities. Further ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÙÔ Ì·ÎÚÔ¯ÚfiÓÈÔ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ÂÎÌÂ- to the long-term planning of the exploitation of the Ù¿ÏÏ¢Û˘ ÙˆÓ ÔÚ˘ÎÙÒÓ fiÚˆÓ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜, Ë ∂ÈÙÚÔ- country’s mineral resources, the Committee evalu- ‹ ·˘Ù‹ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ (Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ Ó· ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁ›) ÙÔ ates the current legal framework relating to explo- ˘ÊÈÛÙ¿ÌÂÓÔ ÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈÎfi Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÎÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ¢ÛË, Î·È ÚÔ‚·›ÓÂÈ Û ÂÈÛË- ration exploitation issues, and makes suggestions Á‹ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÂÎÛ˘Á¯ÚÔÓÈÛÌfi Î·È ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛ‹ ÙÔ˘. √È for its improvement and updating. ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ù˘ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜ Û˘Ó¯›ÛÙËÎ·Ó Ì ٷÎÙÈΤ˜ Û˘Ó‰ڛ˜, ÂÙÔÈÌ¿˙ÔÓÙ·˜ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ ·ÚÌfi‰È˜ ·Ú¯¤˜.
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ÊÔÚ›˜ ÍÂΛÓËÛ The Department, in cooperation with other institu- Ó¤Ô ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ tions, embarked on a new research program for the Ê˘ÛÈÎÒÓ ‰È·ÎÔÛÌËÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÙÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔ- characterization of the natural decorative stones ÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈ΋ ‚ÈÔÌ˯·Ó›·. ∆Ô that are used nowadays by the construction indus- ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙÔ ÿ‰Ú˘- try. The two-year program, which is funded by the Ì· ¶ÚÔÒıËÛ˘ ŒÚ¢ӷ˜ Î·È Â›Ó·È ‰ÈÂÙ¤˜, ¤¯ÂÈ ˆ˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô ̤۷ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÎfiÓËÛË ÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·ÎÒÓ Foundation for the Promotion of Research, aims to ‰ÔÎÈÌÒÓ Ó· ηıÔÚ›ÛÂÈ ÙȘ Ê˘ÛÈΤ˜ Î·È Ì˯·ÓÈΤ˜ define the physical and mechanical properties of ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ Ê˘ÛÈÎÒÓ ‰È·ÎÔÛÌËÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÙڈ̿- the natural decorative stones used in Cyprus ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ∫‡ÚÔ. through a number of laboratory tests.
∆Ô ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÌÂϤÙ˘ Ù˘ ·ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ·‰Ú·- The program relating to the alteration of aggre- ÓÒÓ Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ gates in concrete and aiming at the improvement ·Ú·ÁfiÌÂÓÔ˘ Û΢ÚÔ‰¤Ì·ÙÔ˜, Ô˘ ‰ÈÂÍ‹¯ıË Û of the durability of concrete has been completed. Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ÊÔÚ›˜, ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÏÔÎÏËÚˆı›. ∆· The results have been presented in a day-long sem- ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ inar and are being evaluated by the involved ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ·ÛÙ› Û ۯÂÙÈ΋ ËÌÂÚ›‰· Î·È ·ÔÙÂ- ÏÔ‡Ó ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ·fi ÂÌÏÂÎfiÌÂÓÔ˘˜ authorities and institutions. They are also being ÊÔÚ›˜. ∂›Û˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ Û˘˙‹ÙËÛ˘ evaluated by the Technical Committee of the CYS Ù˘ ∆¯ÓÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ∫˘ÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ √ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡ for the aggregates and it is expected to be adopted ∆˘ÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ÁÈ· Ù· ·ÌÌÔ¯¿ÏÈη, Ë ÔÔ›· ηÏÂ›Ù·È Ó· in the new relative standard.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 17 ˘ÈÔıÂÙ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ÙÚÔÔÔÈË̤ÓÔ ÚfiÙ˘Ô ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ô- The research program for the study of certain rock Û¿ıÚˆÛË ÙˆÓ ·‰Ú·ÓÒÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ. types from the Troodos range that may contain fibrous minerals is ongoing. The program includes Àfi ÂͤÏÈÍË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÁÈ· detailed geological mapping, rock sampling, sample ÙË ÌÂϤÙË ÙˆÓ ÂÙÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ÂÚȤ- analysis and testing and aims at the qualitative and ¯Ô˘Ó ÈÓÒ‰Ë ÔÚ˘ÎÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ∆ÚÔfi‰Ô˘˜. °ÂÓÈÎfi˜ quantitative determination of the presence of ÛÙfi¯Ô˜ Â›Ó·È ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÌÈ· ÔÏÔÎÏËڈ̤ÓË ¤Ú¢ӷ fibrous minerals. According to the findings, the use Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚ‹ ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋ ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ¿- ÊËÛË, ‰ÂÈÁÌ·ÙÔÏË„›· ÂÙڈ̿وÓ, ÂͤٷÛË/·Ó¿Ï˘- of the area will be determined. The first phase of ÛË ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÈÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È Î·ıÔÚÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ÂÚÈÂÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ sampling and analysis has already been completed ÙˆÓ ÂÙÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Û ÈÓÒ‰Ë ÔÚ˘ÎÙ¿, Ó· ÂÙÔÈÌ·ÛÙ› and the geological mapping is in an advanced stage. ÚˆÙfiÎÔÏÏÔ ÁÈ· Ù˘¯fiÓ ÂÈÎÈÓ‰˘ÓfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÂÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÈÓˆ‰ÒÓ ÔÚ˘ÎÙÒÓ Î·È Ì ÙË ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋ ¯Ú‹ÛË Ù˘ Á˘. ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙÒÚ· ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÏÔÎÏËÚˆı› Ë ÚÒÙË Ê¿ÛË ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÈÁÌ·ÙÔÏË„ÈÒÓ Î·È Ë ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÚÔ¯ˆÚË̤ÓÔ ÛÙ¿‰ÈÔ.
∂ÈÎ. 6. ºˆÙÔÌÈÎÚÔÁÚ·Ê›· ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ÌÈÎÚÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘ Û¿ÚˆÛ˘ fiÔ˘ Ê·›ÓÔÓÙ·È ›Ó˜ ¯Ú˘ÛÔÙÈÏÈÎÔ‡ ·ÌÈ¿ÓÙÔ˘. Fig. 6. Scanning Electron Microscope photomicrograph showing chysotile asbestos fibres.
™Ùo Ï·›ÛÈo ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ ÁÈ· Èı·Ó‹ In the framework of implementing the procedures ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· Ó¤·˜ Ï·ÙÔÌÈ΋˜ ˙ÒÓ˘ ÛÙËÓ Â·Ú¯›· for the establishment of a possible new quarrying ¶¿ÊÔ˘, ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ηıfiÚÈÛÂ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ÂÓ·ÏÏ·- zone in the Pafos District, the Department has ÎÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ Ë defined specific alternative areas in which the ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· Ï·ÙÔÌÈ΋˜ ˙ÒÓ˘. ™ÙÔ˘˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˘˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ establishment of a new quarrying zone is consid- ‰ÈÂÍ¿ÁÂÈ ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÁÈ· Ó· ηıÔÚÈÛÙ› Ë ÔÈfi- ered feasible. In these areas, the Department car- ÙËÙ· Î·È Ù· ·Ôı¤Ì·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ı· ·ÎÔ- ries out geological investigations to determine the ÏÔ˘ı‹ÛÂÈ ÂÎfiÓËÛË Ï‹ÚÔ˘˜ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂÈÙÒ- qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ÌÈ· Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÛÙÔ material. An environmental impact assessment will ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ. follow.
√È ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÙÔ̤· ·Ôη- In the field of restoration of abandoned mines, the Ù¿ÛÙ·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Û ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÌ̤ӷ Department began the preparation of the neces- ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›· ÂÚÈÏ¿Ì‚·Ó·Ó ÙËÓ ÂÙÔÈÌ·Û›· fiÚˆÓ ÁÈ· ÚÔ- sary procurement documents for a techno-eco- ΋ڢÍË ÚÔÛÊÔÚ¿˜ ÁÈ· ÂÎfiÓËÛË Ù¯ÓÔ-ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋˜ nomic study relating to a pilot program for the ÌÂϤÙ˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ Û¯Â‰È·ÛÌfi ÈÏÔÙÈ΋˜ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·Û˘ restoration of the Kokkinopezoula Mine in the Mit- ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÌ̤ÓÔ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÂ›Ô Ù˘ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÔÂ˙Ô‡- sero area. The contribution of the Department Ï·˜ ÛÙÔ ªÈÙÛÂÚfi, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÂÈϤÁËΠ̠‚¿ÛË Ù· ÎÚÈ- towards the rehabilitation works of the Asbestos Ù‹ÚÈ· Ô˘ ηıfiÚÈÛ ۯÂÙÈ΋ ÌÂϤÙË. ™˘Ó¯›ÛÙËÎÂ Ë Mine in an area of about eigth hectares continued ·ÚÔ¯‹ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ·ӷÊÔÚ¿˜ ÙÔ˘ throughout the year. Rehabilitation works included ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ªÂÙ·ÏÏ›Ԣ ∞ÌÈ¿ÓÙÔ˘ soil covering, reforestation, revegetation and main- Ô˘ ‰ÈÂÍ¿ÁÔÓÙ·È ˘fi ÙËÓ ÂÔÙ›· Ù˘ ·ÚÌfi‰È·˜ ‰È·- tenance of older and construction of new surface
18 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ÙÌËÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ∆¯ÓÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜. ∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· Û˘Ó¤¯ÈÛ water drainage system. Furthermore, the annual ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ¯‹ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ Û ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÙÔ inspection of the tunnel has been conducted and Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ·ÔÛÙÚ¿ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÔÌ‚Ú›ˆÓ ˘‰¿ÙˆÓ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÔ- the construction of the cell where asbestos-bearing ¯¤˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·Ï·Ûı› Î·È ‰ÂÓ‰ÚÔÊ˘Ù¢ı›, ÛÙËÓ material will be buried has been designed. ·Ó·Î·›ÓÈÛË Ì¤ÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ·Ï·ÈÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·Ô- ÛÙÚ¿ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ ÂÍfiڢ͢ ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›Ԣ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÛÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ·Ó·‰¿ÛˆÛ˘ Î·È ·Ó·- ¯Ïfi·Û˘ Ô˘ Î¿Ï˘„ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÔÎÙÒ ÂÎÙ·Ú›ˆÓ. ∂ÈϤ- ÔÓ, ¤ÁÈÓÂ Ë ÂÙ‹ÛÈ· ÂÈıÂÒÚËÛË Ù˘ Û‹Ú·ÁÁ·˜ Î·È Î·Ù·- ÁÚ¿ÊËÎ·Ó ÔÈ Û¯ÂÙÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÛÙÔ ·Ú¯Â›Ô Î·È Û¯Â- ‰È¿ÛÙËÎÂ Ë Î·Ù·Û΢‹ ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂÓ‹˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ı· Á›ÓÂÈ ˘ÁÈÂÈÓ‹ Ù·Ê‹ ·ÌÈ·ÓÙÔ‡¯ˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ.
∂ÈÎ. 7. ¶·ÓÔÚ·ÌÈ΋ ʈÙÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÙÔ˘ ªÂÙ·ÏÏ›Ԣ ∞ÌÈ¿ÓÙÔ˘ fiÔ˘ Ê·›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·Û˘. Fig. 7. Panoramic view of the Asbestos Mine showing the rehabilitation works.
™Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ· Ù˘ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ ÂÈÙ‹ÚËÛ˘ Ù˘ ·ÁÔÚ¿˜, In the framework of aggregate market surveillance, Û˘Ó¯›ÛÙËÎÂ Ô ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ÁÔ̤- 506 samplings were conducted from crushing ÓˆÓ ·fi ÙȘ Û΢ÚÔıÚ·˘ÛÙÈΤ˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜ ·‰Ú·ÓÒÓ ˘ÏÈ- plants. The results from the various laboratory tests ÎÒÓ, Ì ÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔ›ËÛË Û˘ÓÔÏÈο 506 ‰ÂÈÁÌ·- were imported in the relevant database of the ÙÔÏË„ÈÒÓ. ∆· ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚȷο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ηٷÁÚ¿- Department. Those that were out of the minimum ÊËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ Û¯ÂÙÈÎfi ·Ú¯Â›Ô, Ù· ‰Â ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ standard requirements were conveyed to the com- ‰ÂÓ ÏËÚÔ‡Ó ÙȘ ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙ˜ ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ petent authority (Ministry of the Interior) for fur- ÚÔÙ‡ˆÓ ‰È·‚È‚¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ∞ÚÌfi‰È· ∞Ú¯‹ (ÀÔ˘Ú- ther action. The competent authority suspended ÁÂ›Ô ∂ÛˆÙÂÚÈÎÒÓ) ÁÈ· Ï‹„Ë Ì¤ÙÚˆÓ Û˘ÌÌfiÚʈÛ˘. the sale of a specific type of aggregate from a cer- ∫·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ 2009, Ë ∞ÚÌfi‰È· ∞Ú¯‹ ·Ó¤ÛÙÂÈ- tain producer. Ï ÙË ‰È¿ıÂÛË Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ÚÔ˚fiÓÙÔ˜ ·fi Û˘ÁÎÂ- ÎÚÈ̤ÓË Û΢ÚÔıÚ·˘ÛÙÈ΋ ÌÔÓ¿‰·.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 19 5. À¶√°∂π√π À¢∞∆π∫√π ¶√ƒ√π 5. GROUNDWATER RESOURCES
√È Î˘ÚÈfiÙÂÚ˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ The Department’s main activities in the groundwa- ÙÔ̤· ÙˆÓ ˘fiÁÂÈˆÓ ˘‰·ÙÈÎÒÓ fiÚˆÓ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ter resources sector are related to exploration, ÙËÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ, ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Î·È ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ˘fi- monitoring and protection of groundwater, meet- ÁÂÈˆÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ, ÙËÓ Î¿Ï˘„Ë ˘‰·ÙÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ, ÙËÓ ing the needs for potable water, implementing the ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Û¯ÂÙÈ΋˜ ÂıÓÈ΋˜ Î·È ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋˜ ÓÔÌÔıÂ- relative national and European legislation and pro- Û›·˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ¯‹ Û˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈÎÒÓ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ Û¯Â- viding advisory services regarding water resources ÙÈο Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ˘‰·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ fiÚÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ. and the environment.
5.1. À¢ƒ√°∂ø§√°π∫∂™ ∂ƒ∂À¡∂™ 5.1. HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
√È ÂÎÔÓÔ‡ÌÂÓ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ΢ڛˆ˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔṲ̂ÓË Projects are mostly of applied research and aim in ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Î·È ÛÎÔfi˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Â›Ó·È Ë Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ ÛÙË ‰È·- contributing to the management, development and ¯Â›ÚÈÛË, ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË, Î·È ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ˘‰·ÙÈÎÒÓ fiÚˆÓ. protection of the water resources.
5.1.1. ªÂϤÙ˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ Ù¯ÓËÙÔ‡ ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ 5.1.1. Groundwater recharge studies
°È· ¿Ì‚Ï˘ÓÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ˘‰·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÈÛÔ˙˘Á›Ô˘ ‰ÈÂ- In order to reverse the negative water balance, the ÚÂ˘Ó¿Ù·È Ë ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ˘fiÁÂÈˆÓ ˘- possibility of groundwater recharge with fresh or ‰ÚÔÊfiÚˆÓ Â›Ù ÌÂ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ÓÂÚfi ›Ù Ì ·Ó·Î˘Îψ̤ÓÔ. treated water is investigated. Within the frame- ™Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ· Ù˘ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ·˜ ·˘Ù‹˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÂͤÏÈ- work of this effort there is an ongoing study for the ÍË ÌÂϤÙË ÁÈ· ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ Á˘„Ô‡¯Ô˘ ˘‰ÚÔÊfiÚÔ˘ artificial recharge of the gypsum aquifer at Pissouri ÛÙÔ ¶ÈÛÛÔ‡ÚÈ Ì ÂÈÊ·ÓÂÈ·Îfi ÓÂÚfi ·fi ÙÔ Ã·-¶ÔÙ¿ÌÈ. using Chapotami surface water.
5.2. ∂º∞ƒª√°∏ ¡√ª√£∂™π∞™ 5.2. IMPLEMENTATION OF LEGISLATION
5.2.1. √‰ËÁ›· 91/676/∂√∫ 5.2.1. Directive 91/676/EEC
∏ Ô‰ËÁ›· 91/676/∂√∫ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ÙˆÓ The Directive 91/676/EEC deals with the protection ÓÂÚÒÓ ·fi ÓÈÙÚÈο ¿Ï·Ù· ÁˆÚÁÈ΋˜ ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘ Î·È of waters against pollution caused by nitrates of ÂÓۈ̷ÙÒıËΠÛÙÔ ÂıÓÈÎfi ¢›Î·ÈÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ∫·ÓÔÓÈÛÌfi agricultural origin. It was incorporated to the 534/2002 ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÚ› ÙÔ˘ ∂ϤÁ¯Ô˘ Ù˘ ƒ‡·ÓÛ˘ ÙˆÓ national legislation via the Regulation 534/2002 of ¡ÂÚÒÓ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ∂‰¿ÊÔ˘˜ ¡fiÌÔ˘ 106(π)/2002. the Protection of Water and Soil Law 106(I)/2002.
∏ ·ÚÌÔ‰ÈfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ¤ÁÎÂÈÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·ÎÔ- The Department’s competence comprises of moni- ÏÔ‡ıËÛË Î·È ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ Û toring and evaluating the quality of water resources Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÂÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Û ÓÈÙÚÈο ¿Ï·Ù· ·fi (surface water and groundwater), in terms of their ÁˆÚÁÈΤ˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜. ™Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ· Ù˘ Ô‰ËÁ›·˜ concentration in nitrates of agricultural origin. ·˘Ù‹˜ ÎËÚ‡¯ÙËÎ·Ó ¤ÓÙ ¢¿ÏˆÙ˜ ·fi ÓÈÙÚÔÚ‡·ÓÛË Within the framework of this directive, five nitrate ˙ÒÓ˜. √È ÂÓ ÏfiÁˆ ˙ÒÓ˜ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÙȘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÙˆÓ vulnerable zones have been declared. These five ˘‰ÚÔÊfiÚˆÓ ÙˆÓ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÔ¯ˆÚÈÒÓ, ÙÔ˘ ∫ÈÙ›Ô˘ – ¶ÂÚ‚Ô- zones pertain to the area of the groundwater bod- ÏÈÒÓ, ÙÔ˘ ∞ÎÚˆÙËÚ›Ô˘, Ù˘ ¶¤ÁÂÈ·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ¶fiÏ˘ ÃÚ˘- ies of Kokkinochoria, Kiti – Pervolia, Akrotiri, Pegeia ÛÔ¯Ô‡˜. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, ÔÈ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÙˆÓ ˘‰ÚÔÊfiÚˆÓ Ù˘ and Polis Chrysochous. Furthermore, the aquifer ¢˘ÙÈ΋˜ ªÂÛ·ÔÚ›·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ £ÂÔ‰ÒÚÔ˘ §¿Úӷη˜ areas of Western Mesaoria and Agios Theodoros of ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ˘fi ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË. ªÂ ‚¿ÛË ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Larnaka are under investigation. Based on the eval- ÙˆÓ Ì¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÓ ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ ÔÔÈ- uation of the current results, there is no discernible ·‰‹ÔÙ ÂÌÊ·Ó‹˜ Ù¿ÛË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛ˘ Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ water quality improvement trend, within the ÓÂÚÒÓ ÛÙȘ ¢¿ÏˆÙ˜ Û ÓÈÙÚÔÚ‡·ÓÛË ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜. nitrate vulnerable zones.
√ ηıÔÚÈÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ËÁÒÓ ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘ ÙˆÓ ÓÈÙÚÈÎÒÓ ÛÙ· Determining the dominant source of nitrogen in ˘fiÁÂÈ· ÓÂÚ¿ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ· ÁÈ· ÙË groundwater is of essence, in order to take appro- Ï‹„Ë ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Ì¤ÙÚˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· priate and effective measures in protecting ground- ÙÔ˘˜. ŒÙÛÈ ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì·, ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ water. Therefore, the Department, in collaboration
20 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department Û ÈÛÔÙÔÈÎÔ‡˜ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡˜ °ÂÚÌ·ÓÈÎfi ÂÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ, with a German lab specialized in isotope analysis, ‰ÈÂÍ‹Á·Á ÌÂϤÙË ÁÈ· ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË Ù˘ ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘ ÙˆÓ has conducted a study to investigate the source of ÓÈÙÚÈÎÒÓ ÛÙ· ˘fiÁÂÈ· ÓÂÚ¿ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘, ηıÒ˜ ›Û˘ nitrogen in the groundwater of Cyprus, as well as ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ‚·ıÌÔ‡ ·ÔÓ›- the denitrification capacity and extent in the unsat- ÙÚˆÛ˘, ÂÓÙfi˜ Ù˘ ·ÎfiÚÂÛÙ˘ ˙ÒÓ˘. ªÂ ÙËÓ ·ÔÓ›- urated zone. In terms of the overall nitrogen cycle, ÙÚˆÛË ÔÏÔÎÏËÚÒÓÂÙ·È Ô Î‡ÎÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ·˙ÒÙÔ˘, ·ÂÏ¢- denitrification completes the cycle by returning ıÂÚÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÌÔÚÈ·Îfi ¿˙ˆÙÔ (¡2) ÛÙËÓ ·ÙÌfiÛÊ·ÈÚ·. molecular nitrogen (N2) to the atmosphere.
∆Ô ¿˙ˆÙÔ ÛÙ· ˘fiÁÂÈ· ÓÂÚ¿ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È Nitrogen can originate from a number of sources ·fi ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ËÁ¤˜, fiˆ˜ Ù· ¯ËÌÈο ÏÈ¿ÛÌ·Ù·, ÙËÓ such as chemical fertilizers, animal manure, sewer- ÎÔÚÈ¿, Ù· ·ÛÙÈο Î·È ¿ÏÏ· χ̷ٷ, ÙÔ ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÎfi age, litter, organic matter, soil etc. Oxygen and ˘ÏÈÎfi, ÙÔ ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ Î.¿.. ∆Ô Ô͢ÁfiÓÔ Î·È ÙÔ ¿˙ˆÙÔ ÙˆÓ nitrogen within the nitrate molecule have distinct ÓÈÙÚÈÎÒÓ ·Ï¿ÙˆÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓË ÈÛÔÙÔÈ΋ isotopic composition based on their origin, as well Û‡ÛÙ·ÛË, Ë ÔÔ›· ÂÍ·ÚÙ¿Ù·È ·fi ÙËÓ ËÁ‹ ÚԤϢ- as on the process and extent of denitrification with- Û˘ ÙÔ˘˜, ηıÒ˜ ›Û˘ Î·È ·fi ÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Î·È ÙÔ in the soil. ‚·ıÌfi ·ÔÓ›ÙÚˆÛ˘ ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜.
∂ÈÎ. 8. °Ú·ÊÈ΋ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÈÛÔÙÔÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·Ï‡ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ Ô͢ÁfiÓÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ·˙ÒÙÔ˘ ÙˆÓ ÓÈÙÚÈÎÒÓ Û 100 Áˆ- ÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ Û 13 ˘fiÁÂÈ· ˘‰·ÙÈο ÛÒÌ·Ù·. Fig. 8. Graphical presentation of the results of the isotope analysis of oxygen and nitrogen of nitrates in 100 boreholes in 13 ground- water bodies.
™ÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ÈÔ ¿Óˆ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ‰ÂÈÁÌ·ÙÔÏË- Within the framework of the above study, a total of „›· ˘fiÁÂÈÔ˘ ÓÂÚÔ‡ Û 100 ÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ·fi 13 ˘‰ÚÔ- 100 boreholes from 13 groundwater bodies have ÊfiÚÔ˘˜. ∆· ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· Ô˘ Û˘ÏϤ¯ıËÎ·Ó ·Ó·Ï‡ıËηÓ, been sampled. The samples have been analyzed, ÌÂٷ͇ ¿ÏψÓ, Î·È ÁÈ· Ù· ÈÛfiÙÔ· ÙÔ˘ ·˙ÒÙÔ˘ (14¡ Î·È among others, for the nitrogen (14¡ and 15¡) and 15¡) Î·È ÙÔ˘ Ô͢ÁfiÓÔ˘ (16√ Î·È 18√) ÛÙ· ÓÈÙÚÈο. ™Ù· oxygen (16√ and 18√) within the nitrate molecule. ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ·fi Ù· ÂÓ ÏfiÁˆ ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· ηٷ‰Â›¯ıËΠThe majority of these samples have shown that the fiÙÈ Ë Î‡ÚÈ· ËÁ‹ ÓÈÙÚÔÚ‡·ÓÛ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË ¯ËÌÈ- primary source of nitropollution is the use of chem- ÎÒÓ ÏÈ·ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È Û ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ ‚·ıÌfi Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË ical fertilizers and to a lesser extent the use of ani- ÎÔÚÈ¿˜. ∂ÈϤÔÓ, ‰È·Ê¿ÓËΠfiÙÈ ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ·Ô- mal manure. In addition, denitrification takes place Ó›ÙÚˆÛË ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú¿ÎÙÈÔ˘˜ ·ÏÔ˘‚È·ÎÔ‡˜ ˘‰ÚÔÊfi- mostly in the coastal alluvial aquifers as well as in ÚÔ˘˜, ηıÒ˜ ›Û˘ Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ˘‰ÚÔÊfiÚÔ Ù˘ ¢˘ÙÈ΋˜ the Western Mesaoria Aquifer. ªÂÛ·ÔÚ›·˜.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 21 ∂ÈÎ. 9. πηÓfiÙËÙ· ·ÔÓ›ÙÚˆÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ˘‰ÚÔÊfiÚˆÓ. Fig. 9. Denitrification capacity of aquifers.
5.2.2. √‰ËÁ›· ¶Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÁÈ· ⁄‰·Ù· 2000/60/∂∫ 5.2.2. Water Frame Directive 2000/60/EE
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· ÂÌϤÎÂÙ·È ÂÓÂÚÁ¿ ÛÙËÓ ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ The Department is actively involved in meeting the ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ∫Ú¿ÙÔ˘˜, Ô˘ ·ÔÚÚ¤Ô˘Ó ·fi ÙËÓ country’s obligations that derive from the Water ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Ù˘ √‰ËÁ›·˜ ¶Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÁÈ· Ù· ⁄‰·Ù· Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. Up to today, the 2000/60/∂∫. ª¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ˘ÏÔÔÈ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ ÚfiÓÔȘ provisions of articles 5, 6 and 8 have been imple- ÙˆÓ ¿ÚıÚˆÓ 5, 6, Î·È 8, ÂÓÒ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÂͤÏÈÍË Ô mented. In addition, an action plan, in accordance ηٷÚÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ̤ÙÚˆÓ, Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì to article 11 as well as secondary measures is under ÙÔ ¿ÚıÚÔ 11, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏˆÓ Â› ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ‰Ú¿ÛˆÓ. development.
5.2.3. √‰ËÁ›· 2006/118/∂∫ 5.2.3. Directive 2006/118/EC
∏ Ô‰ËÁ›· ·˘Ù‹ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ˘fi- This Directive deals with the protection of ground- ÁÂÈˆÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ ·fi ÙË Ú‡·ÓÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ˘Ô‚¿ıÌÈÛË. water against pollution and deterioration. The tech- ™ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ·Ó·Ù¤ıËΠÙÔ Ù¯ÓÈÎfi ÛΤÏÔ˜ Ù˘ Ô‰ËÁ›·˜ nical part of this Directive and more specifically, the Î·È ÈÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ Ë ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ ¯ËÌÈ΋˜ ηٿ- evaluation of the chemical status of the groundwa- ÛÙ·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ˘fiÁÂÈˆÓ ˘‰¿ÙˆÓ, Ô ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌfi˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ- ter bodies, the detection of substantial and persist- ÎÒÓ Î·È ‰È·ÙËÚÔ‡ÌÂÓˆÓ ·ÓÔ‰ÈÎÒÓ Ù¿ÛÂˆÓ Î·È Ô Î·ıÔ- ently increasing trends as well as the declaration of ÚÈÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÛËÌ›ˆÓ ÂÎΛÓËÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ their starting and reversal points, was assigned to ÙˆÓ Ù¿ÛˆÓ. ª¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÔÏÔÎÏËÚÒıËÎÂ Ô Î·ıÔÚÈ- the Department. Up to now, the threshold values ÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÓÒÙÂÚˆÓ ·Ô‰ÂÎÙÒÓ ÙÈÌÒÓ, ηıÒ˜ ›Û˘ have been definied and the chemical status of the Ë ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ ¯ËÌÈ΋˜ ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ˘fiÁÂÈˆÓ groundwater bodies has been evaluated. ˘‰·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÛˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ.
22 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department 5.3. ∫∞£√ƒπ™ª√™ ∑ø¡ø¡ ¶ƒ√™∆∞™π∞™ À¢ƒ∂À∆π∫ø¡ 5.3. DELINEATION OF PROTECTION ZONES FOR °∂ø∆ƒ∏™∂ø¡ WATER SUPPLY BOREHOLES
√ ηıÔÚÈÛÌfi˜ ˙ˆÓÒÓ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ ÙˆÓ ˘‰Ú¢ÙÈÎÒÓ The provision for the delineation of water supply ÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ ·fi ÙÔÓ ¶ÂÚ› ÙÔ˘ ∂ϤÁ¯Ô˘ borehole protection zones derives from the Water Ù˘ ƒ‡·ÓÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ¡ÂÚÒÓ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ∂‰¿ÊÔ˘˜ ¡fiÌÔ and Soil Pollution Control Law 106(I)/2002. Four 106(π)/2002. ªÂ ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ ÓfiÌÔ ·˘Ùfi, ı· ηıÔÚÈÛÙÔ‡Ó hundred such protection zones are to be delineat- ˙ÒÓ˜ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ ÁÈ· 400 ÂÚ›Ô˘ ˘‰Ú¢ÙÈΤ˜ Áˆ- ed. The Department carries out a detailed hydroge- ÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ. ∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· ·Ó¤Ï·‚ ӷ ÂÎÔÓ‹ÛÂÈ ÏÂÙÔÌÂ- ological study for each borehole based on which Ú›˜ ˘‰ÚÔÁˆÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÁÈ· οı ÁÂÒÙÚËÛË, Ì the protection zones are defined by the competent ‚¿ÛË ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ Û¯ÂÙÈΤ˜ ˙ÒÓ˜ ÚÔÛÙ·- authority. Such studies take into consideration the Û›·˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ·ÚÌfi‰È· ·Ú¯‹. √È ÌÂϤÙ˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ Ï·Ì‚¿- geological, the hydrogeological and the hydrologi- ÓÔ˘Ó ˘fi„Ë ÙȘ ÁˆÏÔÁÈΤ˜, ˘‰ÚÔÁˆÏÔÁÈΤ˜ Î·È cal conditions, the land use and in general, all the ˘‰ÚÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ Û˘Óı‹Î˜, ÙȘ ¯Ú‹ÛÂȘ Á˘ ηÈ, ÁÂÓÈο, pressures exerted locally onto the groundwater. Up ÙȘ ÙÔÈΤ˜ ȤÛÂȘ ÛÙ· ˘fiÁÂÈ· ÓÂÚ¿. ª¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· to now, 120 such studies have been completed. ÂÎÔÓ‹ıËÎ·Ó 120 Ù¤ÙÔȘ ÌÂϤÙ˜. The Department is also actively involved in the pro- ∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· ÂÌϤÎÂÙ·È, ›Û˘, Û ı¤Ì·Ù· ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ tection of the water resources, such as the identifi- ÙˆÓ ˘‰·ÙÈÎÒÓ fiÚˆÓ, fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë Â͇ÚÂÛË Î·Ù¿Ï- cation of suitable areas for the treatment and dis- ÏËÏˆÓ ¯ÒÚˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· Î·È ‰È¿ıÂÛË ÙˆÓ posal of liquid and solid waste and for the burial of ˘ÁÚÒÓ Î·È ÛÙÂÚÂÒÓ ·Ô‚Ï‹ÙˆÓ ÙˆÓ fiψÓ, ÔÈÎÈ- dead animals in the event of an emergency. ÛÌÒÓ Î·È ¯ˆÚÈÒÓ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Ù·Ê‹ ÓÂÎÚÒÓ ˙ÒˆÓ Û ¤ÎÙ·ÎÙ˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ.
5.4. GROUNDWATER MONITORING 5.4. ¶∞ƒ∞∫√§√À£∏™∏ À¶√°∂πø¡ ¡∂ƒø¡
The Department has installed and maintains a num- ∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· ÂÁη٤ÛÙËÛÂ Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ·ÚÈıÌfi ‰ÈÎÙ‡ˆÓ ber of water resources monitoring networks that ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ˘, Ù· ÔÔ›· Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ Ì are mainly related to the implementation of relative ÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Û¯ÂÙÈ΋˜ ÂıÓÈ΋˜ Î·È ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋˜ ÓÔÌÔ- national and European legislation. These networks ıÂÛ›·˜. ∆· ‰›ÎÙ˘· ·˘Ù¿ ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó Â›Û˘ ÙËÓ also contribute to the Department’s research proj- ÂÎfiÓËÛË ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÒÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ. ∆· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ- ects. The most important monitoring networks are ÎfiÙÂÚ· Â›Ó·È Ù· ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı·: the following:
¢›ÎÙ˘Ô ÓÈÙÚÔÚ‡·ÓÛ˘ Nitropollution network
∆Ô ‰›ÎÙ˘Ô ·˘Ùfi Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÙˆÓ ÚÔ- This network is related to the implementation of ÓÔÈÒÓ Ù˘ √‰ËÁ›·˜ 91/676/∂√∫, Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ the provisions of the Directive 91/676/EEC, con- ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ ·fi ÓÈÙÚÈο ¿Ï·Ù· ÁˆÚÁÈ΋˜ cerning the protection of waters against pollution ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘. ∞ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi 220 ÛÙ·ıÌÔ‡˜ ÛÙ· caused by nitrates from agricultural origin. The net- ˘fiÁÂÈ· ÓÂÚ¿ Î·È ‰¤Î· (10) ÛÙ· ÂÈÊ·ÓÂȷο. work consists of 220 stations for groundwater and ten for surface water. ∞˘ÙÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ‰›ÎÙ˘Ô Datalogger network ∆Ô ‰›ÎÙ˘Ô ·˘Ùfi ηχÙÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ÈÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ˘‰ÚÔ- ÊfiÚÔ˘˜, ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ‰Â ·fi 70 ÛÙ·ıÌÔ‡˜ Û˘Ó¯ԇ˜ The network covers the most important aquifers ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹˜ Ù˘ ÛÙ¿ıÌ˘, ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›·˜ Î·È ËÏÂÎÙÚÈ- and it consists of 70 monitoring stations equipped ΋˜ ·ÁˆÁÈÌfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ˘fiÁÂÈÔ˘ ÓÂÚÔ‡. ∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· ‚Ú›- with loggers for continuous groundwater level, ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ·Ó·‚¿ıÌÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ˘ÊÈÛÙ¿ÌÂÓÔ˘ temperature and conductivity monitoring. The ÂÍÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡. ◊‰Ë 33 ÛÙ·ıÌÔ› ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·‚·ıÌÈÛÙ› Û Department is in the process of upgrading the cur- ÙËÏÂÌÂÙÚÈÎÔ‡˜. rent equipment and it has already converted 33 of the existing monitoring stations, to telemetric ones. ∆· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ, Ô˘ Û˘ÏϤÁÔÓÙ·È, ·Ú¯ÂÈÔıÂÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙË ‚¿ÛË ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ EnvIS Î·È ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ These data are stored in the EnvIS database and are Û ÌÂϤÙ˜ ˘‰·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÈÛÔ˙˘Á›ˆÓ, Ù¯ÓËÙÔ‡ Î·È Ê˘ÛÈ- mostly used in water balance studies and specifical- ÎÔ‡ ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌÔ‡, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ˘ Ù˘ ly in the monitoring of aquifer recharge as well as ˘Ê·Ï̇ÚÈÓÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ·Ú¿ÎÙÈˆÓ ˘‰ÚÔÊfiÚˆÓ. ¶·Ú·ÎÔ- seawater intrusion at the coastal aquifers. Further- ÏÔ˘ı›ٷÈ, ›Û˘, Ë ÔÈfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ‚Úfi¯ÈÓÔ˘ ÓÂÚÔ‡. more, rainfall water quality is also monitored.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 23 ∂ÈÎ. 10. ∞Ó·‚¿ıÌÈÛË ÛÙ·ıÌÒÓ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ˘ ˘fiÁÂÈÔ˘ ÓÂÚÔ‡ Û ÙËÏÂÌÂÙÚÈÎÔ‡˜. Fig. 10. Upgrading groundwater monitoring stations to telemetric
∂ÈÎ. 11. ¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Ù˘ ÛÙ¿ıÌ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ˘fiÁÂÈÔ˘ ÓÂÚÔ‡. Fig. 11. Monitoring of groundwater level and temperature.
∂ÈÎ. 12. ¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Úfi¯ÈÓÔ˘ ÓÂÚÔ‡. Fig. 12. Monitoring of rainwater quality.
24 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department 5.5. ∫∞§Àæ∏ À¢ƒ∂À∆π∫ø¡ ∞¡∞°∫ø¡ ∫√π¡√∆∏∆ø¡ 5.5. PROSPECTING FOR COMMUNITY DOMESTIC SUPPLY NEEDS ∂ÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ˘‰ÚÔÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ, ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ÚÔ‚·›ÓÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ·ÓfiÚ˘ÍË ·Ú·ÁˆÁÈÎÒÓ ÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ In addition to hydrogeological research, the Depart- Ì ·ÚÈÔ ÛÎÔfi ÙËÓ Î¿Ï˘„Ë ˘‰Ú¢ÙÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ Û ment drills productive boreholes in order to satisfy ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜. °È· ÙÔ ÛÎÔfi ·˘Ùfi, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi Ù· ‰È·ÙÚË- the needs of communities for potable water. ÙÈο ̤۷ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, ·ÔÎÙ‹ıËÎ·Ó Û¯ÂÙÈΤ˜ ˘Ë- Towards this goal and in addition to the Depart- ÚÂۛ˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ È‰ÈˆÙÈÎfi ÙÔ̤· ̤ۈ ۇ̂·Û˘ Û˘ÓÔ- ment’s drilling equipment, outsourcing was also ÏÈ΋˜ ‰·¿Ó˘ €545.958. utilized via a €545.958 contract.
§fiÁˆ Ù˘ ·Ú·ÙÂٷ̤Ó˘ ÏÂÈ„˘‰Ú›·˜, ÔÈ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ Due to the prolonged water shortage, the efforts of ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÂÈÎÂÓÙÚÒıËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ·ÓfiÚ˘ÍË Ó¤ˆÓ the Department focused mostly on drilling new ˘‰ÚÔÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÁÈ· Â›Ï˘ÛË ˘‰Ú¢ÙÈÎÒÓ Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ water supply boreholes in order to solve relative ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ. ™˘ÓÔÏÈο ·ÓÔÚ‡¯ıËÎ·Ó 75 ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈΤ˜ issues. In total, 75 boreholes were drilled summing ÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ‚¿ıÔ˘˜ 12.100 m. ™Â 27 Áˆ- up to 12.100 m. Pumping tests were performed in ÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÂÎÙÂϤÛÙËÎ·Ó ‰ÔÎÈÌ·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙÏ‹ÛÂȘ, ÒÛÙ 27 boreholes in order to be used as productive ·˘Ù¤˜ Ó· ·ÍÈÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÁÈ· ·Ú·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡˜ ÛÎÔÔ‡˜. boreholes.
ªÂ ÙȘ ÈÔ ¿Óˆ ÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó With the above drilled boreholes, the water supply ˘‰Ú¢ÙÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ÛÙȘ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜ ∞Á›·˜ ª·Ú›- needs of the following villages have been met: Agia Ó·˜ •˘ÏÈ¿ÙÔ˘, √›ÎÔ˘ ª·Ú·ı¿Û·˜, ª¿ÌÌ·ÚÈ, ∞ηΛԢ, Marina Xyliatou, Oikos Marathasas, Mammari, Akaki, Õψӷ˜, ∞Á›Ô˘ £ÂÚ¿ÔÓÙ·, ∞ÁÚÔ‡, ∞ÎÚÔ‡ÓÙ·˜, µ¿Û·˜ Avlona, Agios Therapon, Agros, Akrounta, Vasa ∫ÔÈÏ·Ó›Ô˘, ∂Ù·ÁÒÓÈ·˜, ∫¿Ùˆ ∞ÌÈ¿ÓÙÔ˘, ªÔÓ·ÁÚÔ˘ÏÈ- Koilaniou, Eptagoneia, Kato Amiantos, Monagroulli, Ô‡, ªÔÓÈ¿ÙË, √Ìfi‰Ô˘˜, ¶·Ï·ÈfiÌ˘ÏÔ˘, ¶¿Óˆ ¶Ï·- Moniatis, Omodos, Palaiomylos, Pano Platres, ÙÚÒÓ, ¶·ÚÂÎÎÏËÛÈ¿˜, ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘, ¶‡ÚÁÔ˘ §ÂÌÂÛÔ‡, Parekklisia, Prodromos, Pyrgos Lemesou, Foini, ºÔÈÓÈÔ‡, ÃÔÈÚÔÎÔÈÙ›·˜, ∞ÚÁ¿Î·˜, ¶ˆÌÔ‡ Î·È ∆Û¿‰·˜. Choirokoitia Argaka and Tsada.
∂ÈÎ. 13. ∞ÓfiÚ˘ÍË ·Ú·ÁˆÁÈ΋˜ ÁÂÒÙÚËÛ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ™Ù·˘ÚÔ‚Ô˘Ó›Ô˘. Fig. 13. Drilling a production borehole in the Stavrovouni area.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 25 6. °∂ø∆∂áπ∫∂™ ª∂§∂∆∂™ / 6. GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES / °∂ø¶ƒ√µ§∏ª∞∆∞ GEOPROBLEMS
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· ·Ó·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi, ÙËÓ The Department undertakes the planning, imple- ÂÎÙ¤ÏÂÛË Î·È ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÙˆÓ ·Ó·Áη›ˆÓ ÁˆÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ mentation and evaluation of geological - geotechni- - ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈÎÒÓ ÂÚ¢ÓÒÓ Ô˘ ··ÈÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙË cal investigations, which are necessary for the appro- ÛˆÛÙ‹ Î·È ·ÛÊ·Ï‹ ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ·Ó·- priate and safe foundation of various development Ù˘ÍÈ·ÎÒÓ ¤ÚÁˆÓ (Ù¯ÓÈÎÒÓ Î·Ù·Û΢ÒÓ) ÙÔ˘ ∫Ú¿- projects (constructions) of the State. It also under- ÙÔ˘˜. ∞Ó·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ, ›Û˘, ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó takes studies of natural phenomena and geohazards, Ê˘ÛÈο ÁˆÏÔÁÈο Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓ·, fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ Î·ÙÔÏÈ- such as landslides and other types of slope instabili- Ûı‹ÛÂȘ, ÔÈ Î·Ù·‚fiıÚ˜ Î·È ÔÈ Â‰·ÊÈΤ˜ ηıÈ˙‹ÛÂȘ Î·È ty, karstic geomorphs (cavities, caves and sinkholes), Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÂÈ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο ÛÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ÁÈ· ∞Ó·ıÂÒÚË- and of phenomena of ground subsidence. It substan- ÛË/ ∆ÚÔÔÔ›ËÛË √Ú›ˆÓ ∞Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ Î·È ¶ÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌÈ- tially contributes to the revision/modification of ÎÒÓ ∑ˆÓÒÓ. ∂ÈÚfiÛıÂÙ·, ÂÎʤÚÂÈ ·fi„ÂȘ Û Áˆ- urban development planning limits and urban plan- ÏÔÁÈΤ˜- ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈΤ˜ ÂÎı¤ÛÂȘ ȉȈÙÈÎÒÓ ÁÚ·Ê›ˆÓ, ning zones, as well. Furthermore, the Department Ô˘ ·Ú·¤ÌÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ·fi ¿ÏÏ· ∫˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈ- consults on geological and geotechnical reports pre- ο ∆Ì‹Ì·Ù·, Ù· ÔÔ›· ·Û¯ÔÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ì Ù¯ÓÈΤ˜ ηٷ- pared by private firms, which are forwarded to the Û΢¤˜. Department by other Governmental Departments that are engaged in construction projects. 6.1. À¢∞∆π∫∞ ∂ƒ°∞ 6.1. WATER PROJECTS ™ÙÔÓ ÙÔ̤· ÙˆÓ À‰·ÙÈÎÒÓ ŒÚÁˆÓ, ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎfiÓËÛË ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·Û΢·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ In the field of water projects, the Department car- ۯ‰›ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ºÚ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∆ÂÚÛÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘, ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÏÔÎÏË- ried out underground geotechnical investigation Úˆı› Ë ‰ÈÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ Û˘ÌÏËڈ̷ÙÈÎÒÓ ˘fiÁÂÈˆÓ Áˆ- within the framework of the design of the Terse- Ù¯ÓÈÎÒÓ ÂÚ¢ÓÒÓ Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê› Ë Û¯ÂÙÈ΋ ¤ÎıÂ- fanou dam and prepared the relevant report. Side ÛË. ¢ÈÂÍ‹¯ıËÛ·Ó Â›Û˘ ÁˆÏÔÁÈΤ˜-ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈΤ˜ investigations for the areas where Biological Treat- ¤Ú¢Ó˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ¯ˆÚÔı¤ÙËÛË µÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ™Ù·ıÌÒÓ Û ment Stations were planned to be constructed and ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈΤ˜ ¤Ú¢Ó˜ also at various villages that face sewage system Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙Ô˘Ó ·Ô¯ÂÙ¢ÙÈο problems were carried out. Geological – geotechni- ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·. Œ¯Ô˘Ó ·Ú¯›ÛÂÈ Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÁˆÏÔ- cal investigations have been carried out in different ÁÈΤ˜-ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈΤ˜ ¤Ú¢Ó˜ Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜, areas for storage reservoirs of the treated water of fiÔ˘ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓÙ·È Î·Ù·Û΢¤˜ ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂÓÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Lefkosia, mainly at Aradippou, Agios Sozomenos and ·Ôı‹Î¢ÛË ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Î˘Îψ̤ÓÔ˘ ÓÂÚÔ‡ Ù˘ §Â˘Îˆ- Vathia Gonia areas. Û›·˜, Ì ΢ÚÈfiÙÂÚ˜ ÙȘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ∞Ú·‰›Ô˘, ∞Á›Ô˘ ™ˆ˙fiÌÂÓÔ˘ Î·È µ·ıÂÈ¿˜ °ˆÓÈ¿˜.
∂ÈÎ. 14. ¶·ÓÔÚ·ÌÈ΋ ¿Ô„Ë Ù˘ ı¤Û˘ Î·È Ù˘ Ï›ÌÓ˘ ÙÔ˘ ˘fi ÌÂϤÙË ºÚ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∆ÂÚÛÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘ (·ÓfiÚ˘ÍË ‰ÈÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈ΋˜ ‰ÂÈÁÌ·ÙÔÏË- ÙÈ΋˜ ÁÂÒÙÚËÛ˘ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¿ÍÔÓ·). Fig. 14. View of the dam and reservoir area of the under design Tersefanou dam (drilling of exploratory sampling borehole at the dam axis).
26 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ∂ÈÎ. 15. ¶ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ µ·ıÂÈ¿˜ °ˆÓÈ¿˜ fiÔ˘ ‰ÈÂÍ¿ÁÔÓÙ·È ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î·Ù·Û΢‹ ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂÓÒÓ. Fig. 15. Ponds construction at Vathia Gonia.
6.2. ∂ƒ°∞ √¢√¶√ππ∞™, °∂ºÀƒ√¶√ππ∞™ ∫∞π ¶∞ƒ∞∫∆π∞™ 6.2. ROAD, BRIDGE AND COASTAL ZONE PROJECTS ∑ø¡∏™
∆· ŒÚÁ· √‰ÔÔÈ›·˜, °ÂÊ˘ÚÔÔÈ›·˜ Î·È ¶·Ú¿ÎÙÈ·˜ Road, bridge and coastal zone projects constituted ∑ÒÓ˘ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛ·Ó Â‰›· ÁˆÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ-ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈÎÒÓ fields of geological/geotechnical investigation in ÂÚ¢ÓÒÓ Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜. ∫˘ÚÈfiÙÂÚ· ¤ÚÁ· Â›Ó·È various regions. The most important of them are ÔÈ Î˘ÎÏÈÎÔ› ÎfiÌ‚ÔÈ ÛÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ §Â˘- roundabouts in the broader area of Lefkosia and Έۛ·˜ Î·È Ù˘ §ÂÌÂÛÔ‡, ‰ÚfiÌÔÈ Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÂÚÈÔ- Lemesos, roads in different areas of all districts and ¯¤˜ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ∂·Ú¯ÈÒÓ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ¤ÚÁ· ÛÙÔ ∞ÏÈ¢ÙÈ- also the fishing shelter of Agia Triada at Paralimni. Îfi ∫·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ ∞Á›·˜ ∆ÚÈ¿‰·˜ ÛÙÔ ¶·Ú·Ï›ÌÓÈ. √È ¤Ú¢- The surveys included surface, underground and lab- Ó˜ ÂÚÈÏ¿Ì‚·Ó·Ó ÂÈÊ·ÓÂȷΤ˜, ˘fiÁÂȘ Î·È ÂÚÁ·- oratory studies. ÛÙËÚȷΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜.
6.3. ∂ƒ°∞ √π∫π™∆π∫∏™ ∞¡∞¶∆À•∏™ 6.3. PROJECTS FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT
™ÙÔÓ ÙÔ̤· Ù˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ›Û˘ In the field of urban development, surface and ‰ÈÂÍ·¯ı› ÂÈÊ·ÓÂȷΤ˜ Î·È ˘fiÁÂȘ ÁˆÏÔÁÈΤ˜ / underground geological/geotechnical investiga- ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈΤ˜ ¤Ú¢Ó˜ ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚȷΤ˜ ÌÂϤ- tions, as well as laboratory tests were carried out. Ù˜. ∏ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ·˘Ù‹ ÂÚÈÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ¢ڇ Ê¿ÛÌ· This development included a wide spectrum of proj- ¤ÚÁˆÓ, fiˆ˜ ‰È·¯ˆÚÈÛÌfi ÔÈÎÔ¤‰ˆÓ, ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ·˘ÙÔ- ects such as division of plots, self-housing settle- ÛÙ¤Á·Û˘, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· Áˤ‰ˆÓ ÁÎÔÏÊ, ÂÁηٿÛÙ·ÛË ments, golf course and installation of wind genera- ·ÓÂÌÔÁÂÓÓËÙÚÈÒÓ (·ÈÔÏÈÎÒÓ ¿ÚΈÓ), ηıÒ˜ Î·È tors (aeolian parks) and also solar-thermal parks. ËÏÈÔıÂÚÌÈÎÒÓ ¿ÚΈÓ. ™ÙÔ Ê¿ÛÌ· ÙˆÓ ¤ÚÁˆÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ Within the same framework, projects included also ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Â›Û˘ ÎÙ‹ÚÈ·, Ì ΢ÚÈfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ˘ buildings - mainly those of the Ministry of the Inte- ÀÔ˘ÚÁ›Ԣ ∂ÛˆÙÂÚÈÎÒÓ, ÙÔ˘ ÀÔ˘ÚÁ›Ԣ ™˘ÁÎÔÈÓˆ- rior, the Ministry of Communications and Works, ÓÈÒÓ & ŒÚÁˆÓ, Ù˘ ∞ÛÙ˘ÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ∆·¯˘‰ÚÔÌÈÎÒÓ the Police and the Postal Services, as well as ceme- ÀËÚÂÛÈÒÓ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÎÔÈÌËÙ‹ÚÈ· Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ teries in various villages of all districts. This devel- fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ Â·Ú¯ÈÒÓ. ™ÙÔÓ ÙÔ̤· Ù˘ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ opment also included geological-geotechnical ÂÓÙ¿ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈΤ˜ ¤Ú¢Ó˜ ÁÈ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ investigations dealing with town planning and ·ÚÈıÌfi ·ÈÙ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÁÈ· ÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌÈΤ˜ Î·È ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈΤ˜ building permits that covered a lot of areas for res- ¿‰ÂȘ, Ô˘ Î¿Ï˘Ù·Ó ÔÏϤ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÁÈ· ·Ó¤ÁÂÚÛË idence construction, as well as developments in vil- ηÙÔÈÎÈÒÓ Î·ıÒ˜ Î·È ·Ó·Ù‡ÍÂȘ Û ¯ˆÚÈ¿ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ lages of all districts. ·گÈÒÓ.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 27 6.4. ∞™∆√Ãπ∂™ / ∞™∆∞£∂π∂™ ¶ƒ∞¡ø¡ 6.4. SLOPE FAILURE / INSTABILITY
√È ·ÛÙÔ¯›Â˜ / ·ÛÙ¿ıÂȘ Ú·ÓÒÓ Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ¤ÚÁ· ‹ Geotechnical investigations for slope failure / insta- Î·È Û ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Û bility were undertaken on various projects and/or ·Ú¯·›· ÌÓËÌ›· ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· Û˘ÓÙ‹ÚËÛ˘, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰ÈÂ- areas of urban development and on ancient monu- Ú¢ÓËı› ÁÈ· ‰È·Ï‡ηÓÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÈÙ›ˆÓ Ô˘ ÙȘ ÚÔη- ments in an effort to investigate their causes. The Ï›. ∆· ΢ÚÈfiÙÂÚ· ·fi Ù· ¤ÚÁ· ·˘Ù¿ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ main investigations include the Agios Neofytos ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÂÔʇÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ¶¿ÊÔ, ÔÈ ÂÎÎÏËۛ˜ ∞Á›ˆÓ Cave in Pafos, the church in Agioi Iliophotes and the ∏ÏÈÔÊÒÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Î·È ∞Á›·˜ ª·Ú›Ó·˜ Agia Marina church in Frenaros, numerous caves in ÛÙÔ ºÚ¤Ó·ÚÔ˜, ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÛËÏ·›ˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ∞ÁÏ·ÓÙ˙È¿, Aglantzia and also part of the Tersefanou village ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ì¤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ built-up zone. Stability measures have also been ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ∆ÂÚÛÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘. ™Â ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ·ÛÙ¿ıÂÈ·˜ proposed in the cases of slope instability at various Ú·ÓÒÓ, Ô˘ Î¿Ï˘Ù·Ó ÔÏϤ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ·fi fiϘ ÙȘ locations of various districts. ·گ›Â˜, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ›Û˘ ÚÔÙ·ı› ÛÙ·ıÂÚÔÔÈËÙÈο ̤ÙÚ·.
∂ÈÎ. 16 & 17. ƒˆÁ̤˜ ÛÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÂÔʇÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ¶¿ÊÔ. Fig. 16 & 17. Cracks in the Agios Neofytos Monastery, Pafos.
6.5. ª∂§∂∆∂™ °∂ø¶ƒ√µ§∏ª∞∆ø¡ 6.5. GEOPROBLEMS STUDIES
6.5.1. ∂Ú¢ÓËÙÈÎfi ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎfiÓËÛË 6.5.1. Research program for the study of land- ªÂϤÙ˘ ÙˆÓ ∫·ÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂˆÓ Û ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ ∂·Ú- slides in the Pafos District ¯›·˜ ¶¿ÊÔ˘
∆Ô ∂Ú¢ÓËÙÈÎfi ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎfiÓËÛË ªÂϤÙ˘ This two-year program is carried out in collabora- ÙˆÓ ∫·ÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂˆÓ Û ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ ·گ›·˜ ¶¿ÊÔ˘ tion with consultants from the U.K. The whole ı· ‰È·ÚΤÛÂÈ ‰‡Ô ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Î·È ‰ÈÂÍ¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· work, contract of €222.000, will be completed by ÌÂ Û˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈÎfi Ô›ÎÔ ·fi ÙÔ ∏ӈ̤ÓÔ µ·Û›ÏÂÈÔ. ∏ the end of the year 2010. The basic objective of the ÂÚÁ·Û›· ·˘Ù‹, Û˘Ì‚·ÙÈ΋˜ ·Í›·˜ €222.000, ı· ·ÔÂ- contract is the systematic and detailed mapping of Ú·Ùˆı› Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¤ÙÔ˘˜ 2010. µ·ÛÈÎfi˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˜ Ù˘ the landslide phenomena in areas of Pafos, within ™‡Ì‚·Û˘ Â›Ó·È Ë Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋ Î·È ÂÓ‰Âϯ‹˜ ÌÂϤÙË the framework of the effort that is made by the ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔÏÈÛıËÙÈÎÒÓ Ê·ÈÓÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Û ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ government for safer urban planning development ¶¿ÊÔ˘, ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· Ù˘ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ∫Ú¿ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÈ· on the Island. The Study Area is divided into three ÌÈ· ÈÔ ÔÚıÔÏÔÁÈ΋ Î·È ·ÛÊ·Ï‹ ¶ÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌÈ΋ ∞Ó¿Ù˘- regions. ÍË ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÔ˘. ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ªÂϤÙ˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙÚÂȘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜.
∏ ªÂϤÙË ·ÔÛÎÔ›: The aims of the study are:
ñ ÛÙË ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚ‹ ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛË Î·È Î·Ù·- ñ to map in detail and record all the types
28 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ÁÚ·Ê‹ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ Ù‡ˆÓ ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔÏÈÛıËÙÈ- of landslide phenomena within the Study ÎÒÓ Ê·ÈÓÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ªÂϤÙ˘, Area, ñ ÛÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ∏ÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋˜ µ¿Û˘/ ñ to develop a GIS-based landslide invento- ∞Ú¯Â›Ô˘ ∫·ÙÔÏÈÛıËÙÈÎÒÓ ¢Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ, Î·È ry database, and ñ ÛÙËÓ ÂÎfiÓËÛË ¯·ÚÙÒÓ ∫·ÙÔÏÈÛıËÙÈ΋˜ ∂È- ñ to compile landslide hazard and landslide ÎÈÓ‰˘ÓfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ∫·ÙÔÏÈÛıËÙÈÎÔ‡ ∫ÈÓ‰‡ÓÔ˘. risk maps.
¶ÂÚ› ÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ 2009 ÂÙÔÈÌ¿ÛÙËΠ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ™˘Ì- By the end of the year 2009, the Annual Progress ‚Ô‡ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ·ÂÛÙ¿ÏË Ë ∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË ¶ÚÔfi‰Ô˘, Ë Report was prepared by the consultants as per the ÔÔ›· ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ·ÔÂÚ·Ùˆı›Û˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ô˘ contract, covering completed work which is ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÙÔ 50% ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÁ·- approximately 50% of the whole work due. Based ÛÈÒÓ, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ··ÈÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ ™˘Ì‚fiÏ·ÈÔ. on the results of the work carried out, the follow- ™˘ÓÔ„›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Ô˘ ing can be concluded: ¤ÁÈÓÂ, ÂÍ¿ÁÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ:
ñ √È ∂ÌÂÈÚÔÁÓÒÌÔÓ˜ ÂÊ¿ÚÌÔÛ·Ó Û‡Á¯ÚÔ- ñ For the identification and mapping of Ó˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜ ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊË- landslides the combination of both, the Û˘ ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛˆÓ, ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ interpretation of imagery and aerial pho- ÙËÓ ÙËÏÂÈÛÎfiËÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÚÌËÓ›· ÙˆÓ tography using the remote sensing and ‰ÔÚ˘ÊÔÚÈÎÒÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ·ÂÚÔʈÙÔ- the landslide mapping, was applied by the ÁÚ·ÊÈÒÓ Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıˆ˜ Û˘Ó‰˘¿˙ÔÓÙ¿˜ ÙËÓ Consultants. In the Study Area, 1.843 Ì ÙË ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛË. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ªÂϤ- landslides were identified and mapped, as Ù˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÙÔÈÛÙ› Î·È ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ·ÊËı› shown in the landslide distribution map. 1.843 ηÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂȘ Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÙÔÈÌ·ÛÙ› ¯¿ÚÙ˘ ηٷÓÔÌ‹˜ ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛˆÓ.
∂ÈÎ. 18. ¶ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÌÂϤÙ˘ Î·È Î·Ù·ÓÔÌ‹˜ ηÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂˆÓ (ÂÚ›Ô˘ 2000) ÛÙËÓ Â·Ú¯›· ¶¿ÊÔ˘. Fig. 18. Study areas and landslide distribution (about 2000) in the Pafos district.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 29 ñ ∏ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÂÚÁ·Û›· Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ñ The development of a GIS-based Landslide Â›Ó·È Ë ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ∏ÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋˜ µ¿Û˘ / Inventory has been completed and is of ∞Ú¯Â›Ô˘ ∫·ÙÔÏÈÛıËÙÈÎÒÓ ¢Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Û great importance. This work will continue ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ GIS, Ë ÔÔ›· ı· Û˘Ó¯›ÛÂÈ Ó· into 2010 with the input of new data. ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È Î·È Ó· Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÂÙ·È Î·È Ì Analysis of the data in the Landslide Ó¤· ÛÙÔȯ›· ÙÔ 2010. ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ·Ó¿Ï˘- Inventory shows that almost 25% of the ÛË ÙˆÓ Î˘ÚÈfiÙÂÚˆÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ù˘ µ¿Û˘ Study Area was affected by landslide ·˘Ù‹˜, ۯ‰fiÓ ÙÔ 25% Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ªÂϤ- activity. Assessing the level of risk posed Ù˘ Â›Ó·È ÂËÚ·Ṳ̂ÓÔ Ì ηÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂȘ. by this activity across the Study Area, 26% ∞fi ·˘Ù¤˜, ÙÔ 26% ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ıËÎ·Ó ˆ˜ «ÂÓÂÚ- of the mapped landslides were consid- Á›˜», ÂÓÒ ÙÔ 73% ˆ˜ «·‰Ú·Ó›˜». ªÂ ‚¿ÛË ered to be "Active" and 73% "Dormant". ÙË ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛË, ÔÎÙÒ Î·ÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂȘ Based on the landslide mapping, eight ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ˆ˜ ηٿÏÔÈ· ηÙÔÏÈÛı‹- "Relict" landslides were also identified ÛˆÓ, ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ı· ·Ó·Ù˘¯ı› ‰È·Ù¿Ú·ÍË which would have developed under cli- οو ·fi ÎÏÈÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ‹ ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ matic or geomorphologic conditions con- Û˘Óı‹Î˜ Ôχ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜ siderably different from those at present. Ô˘ ÂÈÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Ó Û‹ÌÂÚ·. ∏ ·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛË The identification of these features high- ·˘Ù‹ ˘ÔÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ Ì·ÎÚ‡ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi Ù˘ lights the long history of instability in the ·ÛÙ¿ıÂÈ·˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. region. ñ ™˘Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙË ÁˆÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ñ Comparing the geology of the study area ªÂϤÙ˘ Ì ÙË Î·Ù·ÓÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂ- with the mapped landslide distribution ˆÓ, 27,8% ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ™‡ÌÏÂÁÌ· shows that 27,8% of landslides occur ª·ÌˆÓÈÒÓ, 22,7% ÛÙÔ ™¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi §Â˘Î¿- within the Mamonia Complex, 22,7% with- ÚˆÓ, 16,4% ÛÙÔ ™¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ∫¿ıËη Î·È in the Lefkara Formation, 16,4% within 14,8% ÛÙÔ ™¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ∫·ÓÓ·‚ÈÔ‡, Ô˘ the Kathikas Formation and 14,8% within ·ıÚÔ›˙Ô˘Ó Û˘ÓÔÏÈο ¤Ú·Ó ÙÔ˘ 80% ÙˆÓ the Kannaviou Formation. These land- ηÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ·ÊËı›. slides represent more than 80% of the ñ ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙËÓ ∏ÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋ µ¿ÛË / total mapped landslides. ∞Ú¯Â›Ô ∫·ÙÔÏÈÛıËÙÈÎÒÓ ¢Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ‰È·Ê¿- ñ According to the Landslide Database, both ÓËΠfiÙÈ ÙfiÛÔ ÙÔ Ï¿ÙÔ˜ fiÛÔ Î·È ÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ the landslide widths and lengths vary con- ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂˆÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ‰È·Î‡- siderably across the Study Area, ranging Ì·ÓÛË, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·fi 25 ̤ÙÚ· ̤¯ÚÈ 3 from 25 m to 3 km and 25 m to 4,5 km, ¯ÈÏÈfiÌÂÙÚ· Î·È ·fi 25 ̤ÙÚ· ̤¯ÚÈ 4,5 respectively. It is clear that the geometry ¯ÈÏÈfiÌÂÙÚ·, ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·. º·›ÓÂÙ·È Î·ı·Ú¿ fiÙÈ of mapped landslides tends to reflect the Ë ÁˆÌÂÙÚ›· ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂˆÓ Ù›ÓÂÈ Ó· topography of the Study Area. ·ÓÙ·Ó·ÎÏ¿ ÙËÓ ÙÔÔÁÚ·Ê›· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ªÂϤÙ˘.
∂ÈÎ. 19. ∫·ÙÔÏ›ÛıËÛË ÛÙÔ ™¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ∫¿ıËη (ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¶¤ÁÂÈ·˜ ∫¿ıËη). Fig. 19. Landslide in the Kathikas Formation (Pegeia – Kathikas).
30 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ∂ÈÎ. 20. ¶ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¢ÚÔ‡ÛÂÈ·˜ fiÔ˘ ‰ÈÂÍ¿ÁÂÙ·È ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚ‹˜ ÌÂϤÙË Î·ÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛˆÓ. Fig. 20. Drouseia region where detailed landslide study is carried out.
∂ÈÎ. 21. ∂›‰Ú·ÛË Î·ÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂˆÓ ÛÙÔ ‰ÔÌË̤ÓÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ. Fig. 21. Landslide effects to the built environment.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 31 ñ ∞ӷχÔÓÙ·˜ ›Û˘ Ù· ∫·ÙÔÏÈÛıËÙÈο ¢Â‰Ô- ñ By analysing the Landslide Inventory and ̤ӷ ÙÔ˘ ∏ÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ∞Ú¯Â›Ô˘ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔ- by taking into account the landslide fail- ÓÙ·˜ ˘fi„Ë ÙÔÓ Î·ÙÔÏÈÛıËÙÈÎfi Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌfi ure mechanism, the state and style of ‰È·Ù¿Ú·Í˘, ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË Î·È ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ activity, the geological ground conditions Ù˘ ηÙÔÏÈÛıËÙÈ΋˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜, ÙȘ and potential risk to infrastructure, seven ÁˆÏÔÁÈΤ˜ Û˘Óı‹Î˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ÏÈıÔÏÔÁ›·, to eight landslide areas were selected for ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÔ ‰˘ÓËÙÈÎfi ΛӉ˘ÓÔ Â› ÙˆÓ detailed geological engineering mapping ∫·Ù·Û΢·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ ŒÚÁˆÓ, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÏÂÁ› and ground investigation. This investiga- ÂÙ¿ ˆ˜ ÔÎÙÒ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÁÈ· ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚ‹ ¯·Ú- tion includes exploratory boreholes, sam- ÙÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛË Î·È ˘fiÁÂÈ· ¤Ú¢ӷ. ∏ ¤Ú¢ӷ pling and laboratory testing and aims at ·˘Ù‹ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ·ÓfiÚ˘ÍË ‰ÂÈÁÌ·ÙÔÏËÙÈ- the compilation of detailed geological ÎÒÓ ÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ‰ÈÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙË- engineering maps of the selected areas ÚÈ·ÎÒÓ ‰ÔÎÈÌÒÓ. ™Ùfi¯Ô˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ·˘Ù‹˜ and the gathering of data for the needs Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÎfiÓËÛË ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚÒÓ ¯·ÚÙÒÓ of landslide stability analysis. The ground ªË¯·ÓÈ΋˜ °ÂˆÏÔÁ›·˜ ÛÙȘ ÂÈÏÂÁ̤Ó˜ investigation works commenced on 1st ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë Û˘ÁΤÓÙÚˆÛË fiÛÔ ÙÔ November 2009 and will continue until ‰˘Ó·Ùfi ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚˆÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ·fi ÙËÓ the end of March 2010. ˘fiÁÂÈ· ¤Ú¢ӷ, Ù· ÔÔ›· ı· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Ù˘ ¢ÛÙ¿ıÂÈ·˜ ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔÏÈ- Ûı‹ÛˆÓ. ∏ ¤Ó·ÚÍË ÙˆÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ Ù˘ Àfi- ÁÂÈ·˜ ŒÚ¢ӷ˜ ¤ÁÈÓ ÙËÓ 1Ë ¡ÔÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 2009 Î·È ı· Û˘Ó¯ÈÛÙ› ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ª¿ÚÙÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 2010.
6.5.2. ∑ÒÓ˜ ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÂÈÎÈÓ‰˘ÓfiÙËÙ·˜ 6.5.2. Geological vulnerability zones
∏ ÂÎfiÓËÛË ‹ Î·È ·Ó·ıÂÒÚËÛË ˙ˆÓÒÓ ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ This work includes sophisticated geological/geot- ÂÈÎÈÓ‰˘ÓfiÙËÙ·˜ / ηٷÏÏËÏfiÙËÙ·˜ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ echnical investigations in problematic areas and vil- ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤Ó˜ ÁˆÏÔÁÈΤ˜-ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈΤ˜ ¤Ú¢Ó˜, Û lages of Cyprus, aiming at better and safer urban ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ¯ˆÚÈÒÓ, ÛÙԯ‡ÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ï‡- development on the Island. The vulnerability/suit- ÙÂÚË Î·È ·ÛʷϤÛÙÂÚË ÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙÔ˘ ability maps, compiled for the Study of Karstic ÙfiÔ˘. ™Â ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÌÂÚÈÎÒÓ ¯ˆÚÈÒÓ ÔÈ ¯¿ÚÙ˜ Ô˘ Phenomena Project in gypsiferous rocks of Cyprus, ÂÎÔÓ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿Ì- have been re-evaluated using additional surface, Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ÙˆÓ Î·ÚÛÙÈÎÒÓ Ê·ÈÓÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÛÙ· underground and laboratory investigations. This re- Á˘„Ô‡¯· ÂÙÚÒÌ·Ù· Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘, ·ÓÂÎÙÈÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È evaluation produced revised geological vulnerabili- Î·È Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙË ‰ÈÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÂÈÊ·ÓÂÈ·ÎÒÓ, ty/suitability maps. ˘fiÁÂÈˆÓ Î·È ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·ÎÒÓ ÂÚ¢ÓÒÓ Î·È ÂÙÔÈÌ¿˙Ô- ÓÙ·È ·Ó·ıˆÚË̤ÓÔÈ ¯¿ÚÙ˜. In the area of the Kalavasos village, surface, under- ground and laboratory investigations are being car- ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ∫·Ï·‚·ÛÔ‡ ‰ÈÂÍ¿ÁÔÓÙ·È ÂÈÊ·ÓÂÈ·- ried out aiming at the compilation of geological vul- Τ˜ Î·È ˘fiÁÂȘ ÁˆÏÔÁÈΤ˜-ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈΤ˜ ¤Ú¢Ó˜, nerability/suitability maps including the appropriate ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚȷΤ˜ ‰ÔÎÈ̤˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ Î·ıÔÚÈÛÌfi zones. ˙ˆÓÒÓ ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ηٷÏÏËÏfiÙËÙ·˜.
32 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ∂ÈÎ. 22. £¤ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÒÓ ÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ∫·Ï·‚·ÛÔ‡. Fig. 22. Locations of investigation boreholes in the Kalavasos region.
7. ™∂π™ª√§√°π∫√ ¢π∫∆À√ 7. SEISMOLOGICAL NETWORK
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› Î·È ÌÂÏÂÙ¿ ÙË ÛÂÈÛÌÈ΋ ‰Ú·- The Department monitors and studies the seismic ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ΢ÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ Î·È Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ Ù˘ activities of the Cyprus and the wider eastern ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋˜ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ, Ì ÛÎÔfi ÙÔÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi Mediterranean areas, with the purpose of defining ÙˆÓ ÛÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ‚ÔË- the seismological elements that can assist in the ı‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÔÚıÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ÛÂÈÛÌÈ΋˜ ÂÈ- correct evaluation of the seismic risk of various ÎÈÓ‰˘ÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯ÒÓ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘, areas across Cyprus, in such a way as to make pos- ¤ÙÛÈ ÒÛÙ ӷ ηٷÛÙ› ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ Î·È Ë ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË – sible the handling-reduction of its destructive con- Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÓÂÂÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜. sequences.
™Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ· ·˘Ù¿ Û˘Ó¯›ÛÙËΠ¿Óˆ Û 24ˆÚË ‚¿ÛË In this framework, the operation of the seismologi- Ë ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ÛÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘ (∂ÈÎ. 23), ÙÔ cal network was maintained on a 24-hour basis (Fig. ÔÔ›Ô ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÂÙ¿ ÛÙ·ıÌÔ‡˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ÛÙ·ı- 23). The network consists of seven seismological ÌÔ‡˜ ·Ó·ÌÂÙ¿‰ÔÛ˘ ÛÂÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ, ηıÒ˜ stations and two relay stations, as well as an Î·È ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘ ÂÈÙ·¯˘ÓÛÈÔÁڿʈÓ, Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È accelerometer network which includes twelve digi- ·fi ‰Ò‰Âη „ËÊȷο ÂÈÙ·¯˘ÓÛÈfiÌÂÙÚ·. tal units.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 33 ∂ÈÎ. 23. ∆Ô ™ÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ¢›ÎÙ˘Ô ∫‡ÚÔ˘. Fig. 23. The Cyprus Seismological Network.
∂ÈÎ. 24. æËÊȷ΋ ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹ ·fi ÙÔ ÛÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÛÙ·ıÌfi ª·ıÈ¿ÙË ÙÔ˘ ÛÂÈÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ 16˘ ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 2009 Ì ›ÎÂÓÙÚÔ ÙË §ÂÌÂÛfi. Fig. 24. Digital recording of the Mathiatis seismological station of a felt earthquake at Lemesos on 16 September 2009.
7.1. ™∂π™ªπ∫∏ ¢ƒ∞™∆∏ƒπ√∆∏∆∞ ∫∞∆∞ ∆√ 2009 7.1. SEISMIC ACTIVITY OF 2009
∫·Ù¿ ÙÔ 2009 ηٷÁÚ¿ÊËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ ™ÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈÎfi During 2009 the Seismological Centre recorded in ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Û˘ÓÔÏÈο 575 ÛÂÈÛÌÔ› ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ total 575 earthquakes, 324 of which were local (epi- ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ ÔÈ 324 ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔÈÎÔ› (·fiÛÙ·ÛË Ì¤¯ÚÈ Î·È 300 centres within 300km from Cyprus), 107 were km ·fi ÙËÓ ∫‡ÚÔ), ÔÈ 107 ‹Ù·Ó ÂÚÈÊÂÚÂÈ·ÎÔ› (·fi- regional (epicentres between 300 and 1000km ÛÙ·ÛË 300-1000 km ·fi ÙËÓ ∫‡ÚÔ) Î·È ÔÈ 144 ‹Ù·Ó from Cyprus) and 144 were large-magnitude tele- ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜ ÙËÏÂÛÂÈÛÌÔ› (·fiÛÙ·ÛË ¤Ú·Ó seismic events (distance beyond 1000km from ÙˆÓ 1000 km ·fi ÙËÓ ∫‡ÚÔ). ∞fi ÙÔ˘˜ 324 ÙÔÈÎÔ‡˜ Cyprus). 156 events had epicentres on land. The ÛÂÈÛÌÔ‡˜, ÔÈ 168 ›¯·Ó ›ÎÂÓÙÚÔ ÛÙËÓ ˘Ôı·Ï¿ÛÛÈ· spatial distribution of events is displayed in Figures ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Î·È ÔÈ ˘fiÏÔÈÔÈ 156 ÛÙËÓ ÍËÚ¿. ∏ ¯ˆÚÈ΋ 25 and 26. Compared to past years, the seismic ηٷÓÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙˆÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ activity of the east Mediterranean during 2009 was ∂ÈÎfiÓ˜ 25 Î·È 26. ™Â Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ· ¤ÙË, observed to increase, especially in the eastern Hel- ηٿ ÙÔ 2009 ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËΠ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ÛÂÈÛÌÈ΋˜ lenic and western Cypriot Seismic Arcs (Fig. 25). ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋˜ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙÔ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfi ∂ÏÏËÓÈÎfi ™ÂÈÛÌÈÎfi ∆fiÍÔ fiÛÔ Î·È ÛÙÔ ‰˘ÙÈÎfi ∫˘ÚÈ·Îfi ™ÂÈÛÌÈÎfi ∆fiÍÔ (∂ÈÎ. 25).
34 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ∂ÈÎ. 25. ÈÚÈ΋ ηٷÓÔÌ‹ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÛÂÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙˆÓ Ô˘ ηٷÁÚ¿ÊËÎ·Ó ÙÔ 2009 ·fi ÙÔ ™ÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ. Fig. 25. Spatial distribution of all of the earthquake events recorded in 2009 by the Seismological Centre.
∂ÈÎ. 26. ÈÚÈ΋ ηٷÓÔÌ‹ ÙÔÈÎÒÓ ÛÂÈÛÌÒÓ Ô˘ ηٷÁÚ¿ÊËÎ·Ó ·fi ÙÔ ™ÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ 2009. Fig. 26. Spatial distribution of the local earthquakes as recorded by the Seismological Centre in 2009.
∞fi ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ 324 ÙÔÈÎÒÓ ÛÂÈÛÌÒÓ, ÂÓÓ¤· ÛÂÈ- From the total of 324 local earthquakes, nine were ÛÌÔ› ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ·ÈÛıËÙÔ› ÛÙÔÓ ¿ÓıÚˆÔ (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1). √È felt in Cyprus (Table 1). Eight of them were felt ÔÎÙÒ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ·ÈÛıËÙÔ› ΢ڛˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ Â·Ú¯›· §ÂÌÂÛÔ‡ mainly in the Lemesos district and one was felt all Î·È Ô ¤Ó·˜ Û ÔÏfiÎÏËÚË ÙËÓ ∫‡ÚÔ. ¢ÂÓ ¤ÁÈÓ ·ÈÛıË- over Cyprus. None of the regional earthquakes Ùfi˜ ÛÙËÓ ∫‡ÚÔ ÔÔÈÔÛ‰‹ÔÙ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚÈÊÂÚÂÈ·- were felt in Cyprus. ÎÔ‡˜ ÛÂÈÛÌÔ‡˜. Although in Cyprus the number of felt events was ¶·ÚfiÏÔ Ô˘ Ô ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÙÔÈÎÒÓ ÛÂÈÛÌÒÓ Ô˘ ¤ÁÈ- in agreement with the expected yearly average, Ó·Ó ·ÈÛıËÙÔ› ÛÙÔÓ ¿ÓıÚˆÔ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ 2009 ‰ÂÓ ‹Ù·Ó which is about 10 events per year, the seismic activ- ·˘ÍË̤ÓÔ˜ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔÓ ·Ó·ÌÂÓfiÌÂÓÔ Ì¤ÛÔ fiÚÔ ity was increased compared to previous years by Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÚ›Ô˘ 10 ·ÈÛıËÙÔ› ÛÂÈÛÌÔ› ·Ó¿ ¤ÙÔ˜, Ë the occurrence of small-in-magnitude and shallow- ÛÂÈÛÌÈ΋ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· ‹Ù·Ó ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ÏfiÁˆ ÔÏ- in-depth earthquakes, especially in the Pafos and ÏÒÓ ÛÂÈÛÌÒÓ ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜ Î·È ‚¿ıÔ˘˜ Ì ›ÎÂ- Lemesos districts and their immediate offshore area ÓÙÚ· ÛÙȘ ·گ›Â˜ ¶¿ÊÔ˘ Î·È §ÂÌÂÛÔ‡ Î·È ÛÙÔÓ (Fig. 26). ÎÔÓÙÈÓfi ÙÔ˘˜ ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈÔ ¯ÒÚÔ (∂ÈÎ. 26).
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 35 ¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1: ∞ÈÛıËÙÔ› ÛÂÈÛÌÔ› ηٿ ÙÔ 2009. Table 1: Earthquakes felt in 2009. øƒ∞ ª∂°∂£√™ µ∞£√™ ¶∂ƒπ√Ã∏ ∏ª∂ƒ√ª∏¡π∞ (UTC) (Îϛ̷η (km) ∂¶π∫∂¡∆ƒ√À ƒ›¯ÙÂÚ) ƒ›¯ÙÂÚ) ∞/∞ ¶∞ƒ∞∆∏ƒ∏™∂π™ COMMENTS DATE TIME MAGNITUDE DEPTH EPICENTRAL (UTC) (Richter scale) (km) AREA √ ÛÂÈÛÌfi˜ ¤ÁÈÓ Lightly felt in £·Ï¿ÛÛÈ· ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÂÏ·ÊÚ¿ ·ÈÛıËÙfi˜ Lemesos district. (ÓfiÙÈ· Ù˘ §ÂÌÂÛÔ‡) ÛÙË §ÂÌÂÛfi. No damage 1 2009/01/12 02:04 4,3 13 ¢ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó was reported. Offshore ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ˙ËÌȤ˜. Max. Intensity (South of Lemesos) ª¤ÁÈÛÙË ŒÓÙ·ÛË II MM. π𠪪. √ ÛÂÈÛÌfi˜ ¤ÁÈÓ ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ·ÈÛıËÙfi˜ Felt in Lemesos 2 2009/08/25 06:29 4,5 31 ºÔÈÓÈοÚÈ· ÛÙËÓ Â·Ú¯›· district, (ÚËÍÈÁÂÓ‹˜ ˙ÒÓË §ÂÌÂÛÔ‡, ÂȉÈο especially in °ÂÚ¿Û·˜) ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÛÙËÓ epicentral area. ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ No damage was ÂÈΤÓÙÚÔ˘. reported. ¢ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Max. Intensity Finikaria ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ˙ËÌȤ˜. IV MM. (Gerasa fault zone) ª¤ÁÈÛÙË ŒÓÙ·ÛË πV ªª. √ ÛÂÈÛÌfi˜ ¤ÁÈÓ º·ÛԇϷ ÂÏ·ÊÚ¿ ·ÈÛıËÙfi˜ Lightly felt in (ÚËÍÈÁÂÓ‹˜ ˙ÒÓË ÛÙËÓ Â·Ú¯›· Lemesos district. °ÂÚ¿Û·˜) §ÂÌÂÛÔ‡. No damage was 3 2009/08/28 02:49 3,5 20 ¢ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó reported. Fasoula ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ˙ËÌȤ˜. Max. Intensity (Gerasa fault zone) ª¤ÁÈÛÙË ŒÓÙ·ÛË II MM. π𠪪. √ ÛÂÈÛÌfi˜ ¤ÁÈÓ ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ·ÈÛıËÙfi˜ Felt in Lemesos ºÔÈÓÈοÚÈ·- ÛÙËÓ Â·Ú¯›· district, especially ∞ÎÚÔ‡ÓÙ· §ÂÌÂÛÔ‡, ÂȉÈο ÛÙ· in epicentral area. (ÚËÍÈÁÂÓ‹˜ ˙ÒÓË ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ No damage was 4 2009/09/16 14:10 4,6 1 °ÂÚ¿Û·˜) ÙÔ˘ ÂÈΤÓÙÚÔ˘. reported. Finikaria-Akrounta ¢ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Max. Intensity (Gerasa fault zone) ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ˙ËÌȤ˜. IV MM. ª¤ÁÈÛÙË ŒÓÙ·ÛË πV ªª. √ ÛÂÈÛÌfi˜ ¤ÁÈÓ ¢ÈÂÚÒÓ· ÂÏ·ÊÚ¿ ·ÈÛıËÙfi˜ Lightly felt in (ÚËÍÈÁÂÓ‹˜ ˙ÒÓË ÛÙËÓ Â·Ú¯›· Lemesos district. °ÂÚ¿Û·˜-∞ڷη¿) §ÂÌÂÛÔ‡. No damage was 5 2009/09/16 14:48 3,5 1 ¢ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó reported. Dierona ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ˙ËÌȤ˜. Max. Intensity (Gerasa-Arakapas ª¤ÁÈÛÙË ŒÓÙ·ÛË II MM. fault system zone) π𠪪. °ÂÚ¿Û· √È ÛÂÈÛÌÈΤ˜ 6 2009/10/26 22:34 3,4 5 GerasaƒËÍÈÁÂÓ‹˜ ˙ÒÓË °ÂÚ¿Û·˜ ‰ÔÓ‹ÛÂȘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó
Gerasa fault zone ÂÏ·ÊÚ¿ ·ÈÛıËÙ¤˜ Lightly felt by a 7 2009/10/26 22:37 3,1 5 ª·ıÈÎÔÏÒÓË ·fi Ôχ Ï›Á· small number of Mathikoloni ¿ÙÔÌ· ÛÙȘ people within the ÂÈÎÂÓÙÚÈΤ˜ epicentral areas. ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜. No damage was ∞„ÈÔ‡ reported. 8 2009/10/27 05:17 3,3 5 Apsiou ¢ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Max. Intensity ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ˙ËÌȤ˜. II MM. ª¤ÁÈÛÙË ŒÓÙ·ÛË π𠪪. √ ÛÂÈÛÌfi˜ ¤ÁÈÓ Felt in Pafos, ·ÈÛıËÙfi˜ ÛÙËÓ ¶¿ÊÔ, Lemesos and £·Ï¿ÛÛÈ· ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ §ÂÌÂÛfi Î·È ÂÏ·ÊÚ¿ lightly felt in (‚ÔÚÂÈÔ‰˘ÙÈο Ù˘ ·ÈÛıËÙfi˜ ÛÙË Lefkosia and ¶¿ÊÔ˘) §Â˘ÎˆÛ›· Î·È Larnaka. 9 2009/12/22 6:06 5,0 25 §¿Úӷη. No damage was Offshore ¢ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó reported. (Northeast of Pafos) ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ˙ËÌȤ˜. Max. Intensity ª¤ÁÈÛÙË ŒÓÙ·ÛË ππI ªª. III MM.
36 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department 7.2. ™À¡∂ƒ°∞™π∂™ ™∆∏¡ ∫À¶ƒ√ ∫∞π ™∆√ ∂•ø∆∂ƒπ∫√ 7.2. COOPERATION IN CYPRUS AND ABROAD
∆· ÛÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ηٷÁÚ¿ÊËÎ·Ó Û ÌËÓÈ·›· The seismological data were recorded in monthly ÛÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈο ‰ÂÏÙ›· Î·È ÙÚÈÌËÓÈ·›Â˜ ÂÎı¤ÛÂȘ Ù· seismological bulletins and reports , which were ÔÔ›· ÛÙ¿ÏıËÎ·Ó Û ˘ËÚÂۛ˜ ÂÓÙfi˜ ∫‡ÚÔ˘, ηıÒ˜ sent to services in Cyprus as well as to European Î·È Û ¿ÏÏ· Â˘Úˆ·˚ο Î·È ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ÛÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈο and international seismological centres. ΤÓÙÚ·. In the framework of the International Program of ™Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ªÂ›ˆÛ˘ Losses from Earthquakes in the broader Mediter- ÙˆÓ ∞ˆÏÂÈÒÓ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ™ÂÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ranean Region, the cooperation and data exchange ¶ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ –R.E.L.E.M.R.– (UNESCO Î·È with eastern Mediterranean seismological centres United States Geological Survey), Û˘Ó¯›ÛÙËÎÂ Ë was continued. Activities were also continued in the Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ٷ ™ÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈο ∫¤ÓÙÚ· Ù˘ ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈ- framework of other international cooperations that ΋˜ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ Ì ÙËÓ ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹ ÛÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ are related to programs such as "Reducing ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ. ¢Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ Û˘Ó¯›ÛÙËÎ·Ó Î·È ÛÙ· Earthquake Losses in the Extended Mediterranean Ï·›ÛÈ· ¿ÏÏˆÓ ‰ÈÂıÓÒÓ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ, fiˆ˜ «∞·Áfi- Region" –R.E.L.E.M.R.– (UNESCO and United States Ú¢ÛË ÙˆÓ ¶˘ÚËÓÈÎÒÓ ¢ÔÎÈÌÒÓ» –C.T.B.T.O.– (√.∏.∂., Geological Survey), the "Comprehensive Nuclear µÈ¤ÓÓË), ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ì ÙÔ ™ÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ ∂˘ÚÒ- Test Ban Treaty Organisation" –C.T.B.T.O.– (U.N., ˘ Î·È ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ (E.M.S.C.) ÛÙË °·ÏÏ›·. Vienna) and the European-Mediterranean Seismo- logical Centre (E.M.S.C., France).
8. °∂øºÀ™π∫∂™ ∂ƒ∂À¡∂™ 8. GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ› ηٿ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ The Department uses various geophysical methods ÁÂˆÊ˘ÛÈΤ˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜, fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ‚·Ú˘ÙÔÌÂÙÚÈ΋, such as gravimetric, magnetometric, seismic, geo- Ë Ì·ÁÓËÙÔÌÂÙÚÈ΋, Ë ÛÂÈÛÌÈ΋, Ë ÁˆËÏÂÎÙÚÈ΋ Î·È ÙÔ electric and ground penetrating radar (G.P.R.). ÁˆڷÓÙ¿Ú. In 2009 the geophysical investigations carried out ∆Ô 2009 ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÁÂˆÊ˘ÛÈΤ˜ ¤Ú¢Ó˜, were mainly for support of the work of other sec- ΢ڛˆ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ÙˆÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ ÙˆÓ ‰È·Êfi- tions of the Department. Specifically, the geoelec- ÚˆÓ ÎÏ¿‰ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. ™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ, Û˘Ó¯›- tric survey in the Tersefanou area was continued, ÛÙËÎÂ Ë ÁˆËÏÂÎÙÚÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ∆ÂÚÛÂ- with the purpose of investigating extensive cracks Ê¿ÓÔ˘, Ì ÛÎÔfi ÙË ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË ÂÎÙÂÙ·Ì¤ÓˆÓ ÚˆÁ- in the sediments of the area. ÌÒÓ ÛÙ· È˙‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ÂÌÊ·Ó›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÂÎÙÂ- ٷ̤ÓË ‚ÚÔ¯fiÙˆÛË.
∂ÈÎ. 27. ºˆÙÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ Ï¿ÙÔ˘˜ (̤¯ÚÈ Î·È 60 ÂηÙÔÛÙ¿) ÙˆÓ ÚˆÁÌÒÓ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ∆ÂÚÛÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘. Fig. 27. Photograph indicative of the length and width (up to 60 cm) of the linear cracks in sediments in the Tersefanou area.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 37 ∂ÈÎ. 28. °ÂˆËÏÂÎÙÚÈ΋ ÙÔÌÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ∆ÂÚÛÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘. Fig. 28. Geoelectric tomography in the Tersefanou area.
∂›Û˘ ‰ÈÂÍ‹¯ıË ÁˆËÏÂÎÙÚÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ A geoelectric survey was also conducted inside a Ï·ÙÔÌ›Ԣ ÛÙÔÓ æÂÌ·ÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ, Ì ÛÎÔfi ÙÔÓ ÂÓÙÔÈ- quarry in the Psematismenos area, with the pur- ÛÌfi ÎÂÓÒÓ Û ·‚·ı‹ ÂÙÚÒÌ·Ù· Ô˘ Ù˘¯fiÓ Ó· ÂÚÈ- pose of locating shallow voids that may contain ›¯·Ó ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ÛÙ·Ï·ÎÙÈÙÒÓ. extensive stalactite formations.
°È· ÏÔÁ·ÚÈ·ÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘ ∞Ô¯ÂÙ‡ÛÂˆÓ A geolectric survey was also conducted for the §ÂÌÂÛÔ‡ ∞Ì·ıÔ‡ÓÙ·˜, ‰ÈÂÍ‹¯ıË ÁˆËÏÂÎÙÚÈ΋ ¤Ú¢- Lemesos Amathus Sewage Board (S.A.L.A.) in the Ó· ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ªÔÓ‹˜, Ì ÛÎÔfi ÙÔÓ ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌfi Û Moni area, with the purpose of locating any shal- ÌÈÎÚ¿ ‚¿ıË, Ù˘¯fiÓ Ôχ ·ÁÒÁÈÌˆÓ ÂÙÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·Ù¿ low, very conductive material along the proposed Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Ù˘ ÚÔÙÂÈÓfiÌÂÓ˘ ÔÚ›·˜ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÈÎÔ‡ ·Ô¯Â- route of a metallic sewage pipeline. Ù¢ÙÈÎÔ‡ ·ÁˆÁÔ‡. In the framework of the Program for Risk Reduction ™ÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙË Ì›ˆÛË ÎÈÓ‰‡- in the Eastern Mediterranean, an Acoustic experi- ÓˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ªÂÛfiÁÂÈÔ ‰ÈÂÍ‹¯ıË ∞ÎÔ˘ÛÙÈÎfi ment was conducted in cooperation with overseas ›ڷ̷ ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ- research organizations. The purpose of the experi- ÛÌÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘ Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡. ™ÎÔfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÚ¿Ì·ÙÔ˜ ‹Ù·Ó ment was to locate large explosions from a great Ë ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË Ù˘ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌÔ‡ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ distance, using special sensors that are able to ÂÎÚ‹ÍÂˆÓ ·fi Ôχ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ·fiÛÙ·ÛË, Ì ¯Ú‹ÛË record infrasound waves that travel great distances ÂȉÈÎÒÓ ·ÈÛıËÙ‹ÚˆÓ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Û ı¤ÛË Ó· ηٷÁÚ¿- via the atmosphere. „Ô˘Ó ˘Ô‹¯Ô˘˜ Ô˘ Ù·ÍÈ‰Â‡Ô˘Ó Û ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ·ÔÛÙ¿- ÛÂȘ ‰È· ̤ÛÔ˘ Ù˘ ·ÙÌfiÛÊ·ÈÚ·˜.
8.1. ∞∫√À™∆π∫√ ¶∂πƒ∞ª∞ À¶√∏Ãø¡ – MEDNET 9 8.1. ACOUSTIC INFRASOUND EXPERIMENT – MEDNET 9
™ÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙÔ Úfi- In the framework of our Department’s participation ÁÚ·ÌÌ· DTRA ÁÈ· ÙË ªÂ›ˆÛË ∫ÈÓ‰‡ÓˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ in the DTRA program for the Risk Reduction in the Ù˘ ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋˜ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ, ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÙÔ Eastern Mediterranean region, the above experi- °ÂˆÊ˘ÛÈÎfi πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ ÙÔ˘ πÛÚ·‹Ï (G.I.I.), ÙÔ ¶·ÓÂÈ- ment was conducted on 26 August 2009 in cooper- ÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ Ù˘ ÷‚¿Ë˜, ÙÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ªÈÛÈÛÈ‹, ÙÔ ation with the Geophysical Institute of Israel, the ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ Ù˘ ∞Ï¿Ûη˜ Î·È Ì ÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ University of Hawaii, the University of Mississippi, ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ Firenze Ù˘ ™ÈÎÂÏ›·˜, ÙÔ˘ ∂ıÓÈÎÔ‡ the University of Alaska and with the participation ∞ÛÙÂÚÔÛÎÔ›Ԣ ∞ıËÓÒÓ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ∆¯ÓÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ of the University of Firenze, Sicily, the National ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘, ‰ÈÂÍ‹¯ıË ÙÔ ÈÔ Observatory of Athens and the Technological Edu- ¿Óˆ ›ڷ̷ ÛÙȘ 26 ∞˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘ 2009. cational Institute of Crete.
™ÎÔfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÚ¿Ì·ÙÔ˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ë ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ ‰˘Ó·- The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the ÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌÔ‡ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ÂÎÚ‹ÍÂˆÓ Û ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ possibility of detection of large explosions over long ·ÔÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ·fi ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÁÚ·Ê‹ ˘Ô‹¯ˆÓ Ô˘ ·Ú¿- distances, with the recording of infrasounds creat- ÁÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙȘ ÂÎÚ‹ÍÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜. √È ˘fi˯ÔÈ, Ô˘ ¯·Ú·- ed by those explosions. Infrasounds, which are ÎÙËÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·fi Ôχ ¯·ÌËϤ˜ Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È ‰ÂÓ characterised by very low frequencies and are not Â›Ó·È ·ÓÙÈÏËÙÔ› ·fi ÙÔ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓÔ ·˘Ù›, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙË detectible by the human ear, have the capability, ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ·, οو ·fi Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˜ ·ÙÌÔÛÊ·ÈÚÈΤ˜ under particular atmospheric conditions, to travel Û˘Óı‹Î˜, Ó· Ù·ÍÈ‰Â‡Ô˘Ó, ̤ۈ Ù˘ ÛÙÚ·ÙfiÛÊ·ÈÚ·˜ through the stratosphere and the Troposphere, Î·È Ù˘ ÙÚÔfiÛÊ·ÈÚ·˜, Û ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ·ÔÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ¯ˆÚ›˜ over long distances, without significant loss of their ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ·ÒÏÂÈ· Ù˘ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ¿˜ ÙÔ˘˜. energy.
°È· ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÎÔÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÚ¿Ì·ÙÔ˜ ¤ÁÈÓ ÚÔÂÈÏÔÁ‹ For the purposes of this experiment, a preselection,
38 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ‚¿ÛÂÈ ÚԉȷÁÚ·ÊÒÓ, ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯ÒÓ, ÁÈ· ÙËÓ based on specifications, took place, of several areas ÂÁηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÍÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ (‰ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘ ·Ó›¯Ó¢Û˘), for the installation of the equipment (detection ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ‹Ù·Ó ÔÈ ™ÂÈÛÌÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ› ˘ÔÛÙ·ıÌÔ› network), between which were the seismological ª·ıÈ¿ÙË, ¶·Ú·ÏÈÌÓ›Ô˘, ™Ô˘Ó›Ô˘-∑·Ó·Ù˙È¿˜, Ô ªÂÙˆ- substations of Mathiatis, Paralimni, Souni-Zanatzia, ÚÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ ˘ÔÛÙ·ıÌfi˜ ∞ı·Ï¿ÛÛ·˜, Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Á‡Úˆ the Athalassa Meteorological substation, the area ·fi ÙËÓ Ï·Ù›· ∆ÚÔfi‰Ô˘˜ Î·È ¿ÏϘ, fiÔ˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ÂÈ- around the Troodos square, and others, all of which ÙfiÔ˘ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË. √È ÚԉȷÁڷʤ˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜ ı¤ÛÂ- were evaluated on the spot. The specifications for ˆÓ ··ÈÙÔ‡Û·Ó ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Û οÔÈÔ ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ, Ì position selection, demanded areas of certain alti- ÎÏ‹ÛË ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ πÛÚ·‹Ï, ·fi fiÔ˘ ı· ÂÚ¯fiÙ·Ó ÙÔ ·ÎÔ˘- tude with an aspect towards Israel, from where the ÛÙÈÎfi ·̷ Î·È ¯ˆÚ›˜ οÔÈÔ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ÂÌfi‰ÈÔ ÛÙÔ acoustic wave would arrive, and without an inter- ÂӉȿÌÂÛÔ. √È ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ›Û˘ ı· ¤Ú ӷ Â›Ó·È mediate physical obstacle. The areas should also be ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ Ì·ÎÚÈ¿ ·fi ηÙÔÈ˘ Î·È Î‡ÚÈÔ˘˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜, away from buildings and main roads, preferably ηٿ ÚÔÙ›ÌËÛË ÂÓÙfi˜ ‰¿ÛÔ˘˜. ∆ÂÏÈο ÂÂϤÁË Ë inside a forest. Finally, the camping area between ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ Î·Ù·ÛÎËÓˆÙÈÎfi ¯ÒÚÔ ÌÂٷ͇ ∆ÚÔ- Troodos and Amiantos was selected, where on the fi‰Ô˘˜ Î·È ∞ÌÈ¿ÓÙÔ˘, fiÔ˘ ÛÙȘ 25 ∞˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘ 2009, 25th of August 2009, the installation of the array of Ì ÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, ¤ÁÈÓÂ Ë the sensory equipment took place, with the partic- ÂÁηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ‰È¿Ù·Í˘ ÙˆÓ ·ÈÛıËÙËÚ›ˆÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ. ipation of members of our Department.
∂ÈÎ. 29. ∂ÁηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÈÛıËÙËÚ›ˆÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘ ·Ó›¯Ó¢Û˘. Fig. 29. Installation of the sensors of the detection network.
ªÂÙ¿ ·fi ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚ‹ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÙÌÔÛÊ·ÈÚÈÎÒÓ Following the detailed analysis of the atmospheric Û˘ÓıËÎÒÓ Ô˘ ÂÈÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Û·Ó Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ Î·ÏÔηÈÚÈÓ‹ conditions existing over the Mediterranean region ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ, ÔÚ›ÛÙËÎÂ Ë 26Ë over the summer period, the 26th of August was ∞˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘ 2009 ˆ˜ Ë Î·Ù·ÏÏËÏfiÙÂÚË Ë̤ڷ ÁÈ· ÙË set as the more suitable date for conducting the ‰ÈÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÚ¿Ì·ÙÔ˜. ∆Ô Â›Ú·Ì· ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ÛÙȘ experiment. The experiment was initiated at 9:30 9:30 .Ì. ÙÔÈ΋ ÒÚ· Ì ÙËÓ ˘ÚÔ‰fiÙËÛË 100 ÎÈÏÒÓ A.M. local time with the detonation of 100 kilo- ÂÎÚËÎÙÈ΋˜ ‡Ï˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ SAYARIM ÛÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ grams of explosives in the SAYARIM area of South- πÛÚ·‹Ï Î·È ÔÏÔÎÏËÚÒıËΠÛÙȘ 11:00 .Ì. ern Israel and completed at 11:00 A.M.
√È ˘·›ıÚȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰ÈÂÍ·¯ı› Ì ϋÚË ÂÈÙ˘- The field work was successfully conducted and the ¯›·. ∆· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÚ¿Ì·ÙÔ˜ ı· Ì·˜ ÎÔÈÓÔÔÈ- results of the experiment will be communicated to ËıÔ‡Ó ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË Û¯ÂÙÈ΋ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· Î·È ·Ó¿Ï˘Û‹ ÙÔ˘˜. us after their processing and analysis is completed.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 39 ∂ÈÎ. 30. ∞ÎÔ˘ÛÙÈÎfi Û‹Ì· fiˆ˜ ηٷÁÚ¿ÊËΠÙËÓ Ë̤ڷ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÚ¿Ì·ÙÔ˜. Fig. 30. Acoustic signal as it was recorded on the day of the experiment.
9. ∂ƒ°∞™∆∏ƒπ∞∫∂™ ∂ƒ°∞™π∂™ 9. LABORATORY WORKS
9.1. Ã∏ªπ∫√ ∂ƒ°∞™∆∏ƒπ√ 9.1. CHEMICAL LABORATORY
∆Ô ÃËÌÈÎfi ∂ÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÂȉÈ·ÂÙ·È Û The Chemical Laboratory specializes in carrying out ¯ËÌÈÎÔ‡˜ Î·È Ú·‰ÈÔ¯ËÌÈÎÔ‡˜ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Û ‰Â›Á- environmental and geochemical investigations, Ì·Ù· ÓÂÚÒÓ, ‰·ÊÒÓ Î·È ‰ÔÌÈÎÒÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ. ∞Ó·Ï·Ì‚¿- which are related to ground water pollution, con- ÓÂÈ, ›Û˘, ÙËÓ ÂÎfiÓËÛË ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È Áˆ¯Ë- taminated soils, cement, aggregate quality control ÌÈÎÒÓ ÂÚ¢ÓÒÓ, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙË Ú‡·ÓÛË and management of hazardous materials. ÙÔ˘ ÓÂÚÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜, ÙÔÓ ÔÈÔÙÈÎfi ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÙˆÓ ‰ÔÌÈÎÒÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÙË ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË ÂÈΛӉ˘ÓˆÓ Ô˘ÛÈÒÓ.
∆Ô ÃËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ‰È·ÈÛÙÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ Î·È ÏÂÈ- The Department’s chemical laboratory is accredited ÙÔ˘ÚÁ› Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ ÚfiÙ˘Ô ISO 17025 ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi Û¯Â- for a series of chemical parameters and operates ÙÈ΋ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ·fi ÙÔÓ ∫˘ÚÈ·Îfi √ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi ¶ÚÔÒ- according to the ISO 17025 standard. These param- ıËÛ˘ Ù˘ ¶ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ (∫.√.¶.¶.). ∆Ô Â‰›Ô ‰È·›ÛÙ¢- eters cover the main interests of the Department Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÃËÌ›Ԣ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜ ·Ó¿Ï˘Û˘ namely water, soil and construction materials. The Ô˘ ηχÙÔ˘Ó Ù· ‰›· ÙˆÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ ÙˆÓ Â‰·ÊÒÓ Î·È laboratory ensures its participation in international ÙˆÓ ‰ÔÌÈÎÒÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ ÁÈ· ÎÏ·ÛÛÈΤ˜ Î·È ÂÓfiÚÁ·Ó˜ annual proficiency testing schemes in order to ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜. ™ÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ monitor its quality at testing. Accreditation aims ‰ÔÎÈÌÒÓ ÙÔ˘, ÙÔ ÃËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ›¯Â ÔÏϷϤ˜ towards improving the standards and quality of ÂÈÙ˘¯Â›˜ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯¤˜ Û ‰ÈÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘˜ ‰ÂÍÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ·fi ‰ÈÂıÓ›˜ ÊÔÚ›˜ ÛÙ· Û˘Ó·Ê‹ ‰›·. ∏ services that the laboratory provides to its cus- ‰È·›ÛÙ¢ÛË ·ÔÛÎÔ› ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÔÙÈ΋ ·Ó·‚¿ıÌÈÛË tomers and ensuring that the laboratory’s results ÙˆÓ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ÙÔ ÃËÌÂ›Ô ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÂÏ¿- are defensible under the Republic’s legal frame- Ù˜ ÙÔ˘, ÙË Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÛÙÔ¯ÈÒÓ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·‚¿ıÌÈ- work. ÛË Ù˘ ÓÔÌÈ΋˜ ÈÛ¯‡Ô˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘.
∆Ô ÃËÌÂ›Ô ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ ÂÍÔÏÈ- The chemical laboratory is equipped with special- ÛÌfi fiˆ˜: ·¤ÚÈÔ˘˜ ¯ÚˆÌ·ÙÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘˜, ÈÔÓÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ¯Úˆ- ized analytical instruments such as gas chro- Ì·ÙÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘˜, Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÔÛÎfiÈ· ÊıÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡ Ì ·ÎÙ›Ó˜ matographs, ion chromatographs, energy disper- Ã, Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÔÛÎfiÈÔ Â·ÁˆÁÈο Û˘˙¢Á̤ÓÔ˘ Ï¿ÛÌ·- sive x-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), two ÙÔ˜ ·ÙÔÌÈ΋˜ ÂÎÔÌ‹˜, Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÔÛÎfiÈÔ ·ÎÙ›ÓˆÓ · induced couple plasma spectrometers (ICP-AES), Î·È Á, ·ÓȯÓÂ˘Ù‹ Ú·‰ÔÓ›Ô˘, ·˘ÙfiÌ·ÙÔ ·Ó·Ï˘Ù‹ ¿ÓıÚ·- digital gamma -ray spectrometer with Germanium η–ı›Ԣ Î·È Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ‰È¿Û·Û˘ ‰·ÊÈÎÒÓ ‰ÂÈÁÌ¿- detector (HPGe), alpha-spectrometer and radon ÙˆÓ Ì ¯Ú‹ÛË ÌÈÎÚÔÎ˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ. analyzer, automatic carbon-sulphur analyser and a microwave digestion apparatus.
40 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ∂ÈÎ. 31. ∆Ô Ó¤Ô Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÔÛÎfiÈÔ Â·ÁˆÁÈο Û˘˙¢Á̤ÓÔ˘ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·ÙÔÌÈ΋˜ ÂÎÔÌ‹˜ (ICP OES) ÁÈ· ·Ó·Ï‡ÛÂȘ ȯÓÔÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Û ÓÂÚ¿, ‰¿ÊË, ÂÙÚÒÌ·Ù· Î·È ‰ÔÌÈο ˘ÏÈο. Fig. 31 The new atomic emission spectrometer with induced couple plasma (ICP OES) for elemental analyses of water, soil, rock and construction materials samples.
∂ÈÎ. 32. ∆Ô Ó¤Ô Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÊıÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡ Ì ·ÎÙ›Ó˜ à ÁÈ· ·Ó·Ï‡ÛÂȘ ÛÙÂÚÂÒÓ ‰ÂÈÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ Â‰·ÊÒÓ Î·È ‰ÔÌÈÎÒÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ. Fig. 32. The new x-ray fluorescence spectrometer for analyses of major elements in solid samples of soil and construction materials.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 41 9.1.1. √ °Âˆ¯ËÌÈÎfi˜ ÕÙÏ·ÓÙ·˜ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ 9.1.1. The Geochemical Atlas of Cyprus
∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘, ¤¯ÔÓÙ·˜ ˘fi„Ë The Geological Survey Department, considering the ÙȘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ȤÛÂȘ Ô˘ ‰¤¯ÂÙ·È ÙÔ ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ Ù˘ enormous environmental pressures the Cyprus ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ·fi ÙȘ ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜, ηıÒ˜ Î·È landscape is constantly under due to human activi- ÙË ÛËÌ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ËÌÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜, ·ÔÊ¿ÛÈÛ ties, as well as the huge importance of soil chem- ÙË ‰ÈÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎfiÓËÛË ÙÔ˘ °Âˆ¯Ë- istry, has initiated a study for the compilation of the ÌÈÎÔ‡ ÕÙÏ·ÓÙ· Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘. Geochemical Atlas of Cyprus.
∏ ÌÂϤÙË ·˘Ù‹ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ÙÔÓ ∞Ú›ÏÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 2006 Û The study has been conducted, since April 2006, in Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÙÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ Ù˘ ¡¤·˜ ¡fiÙÈ·˜ collaboration with the University of New North √˘·Ï›·˜ (U.N.S.W.) Ù˘ ∞˘ÛÙÚ·Ï›·˜. Œ¯ÂÈ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Wales in Australia. The study will be carried out over ¤ÓÙ ÂÙÒÓ Î·È ÛÎÔ› ÛÙËÓ ¤Î‰ÔÛË ÔÏ˘ÛÙÔȯÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ a period of five years and its goal is the creation of °Âˆ¯ËÌÈÎÔ‡ ÕÙÏ·ÓÙ· ÔÏÏ·ÏÒÓ ¯Ú‹ÛˆÓ, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ a multi-purpose geochemical atlas which will be ı· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙË ‚¿ÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÚıÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË used as the basis for the correct usage and admin- ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÙË ‰ÈÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚ¤ÛÙÂ- istration of soil and for the conception of further ÚˆÓ ÂÚ¢ÓÒÓ Û ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈο ÂÈ‚·ÚË̤Ó˜ detailed studies in environmentally aggravated ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜. £· ÂΉÔı› Û ¤ÓÙ˘Ë Î·È ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋ areas. The study will be available in both printed ÌÔÚÊ‹ Î·È ı· ηχÙÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂχıÂÚË ÂÈÎÚ¿ÙÂÈ· Ù˘ and electronic forms and it will cover the free area ∫˘Úȷ΋˜ ¢ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙˆÓ µÚÂ- of the Republic of Cyprus, including the areas of the Ù·ÓÈÎÒÓ ™ÙÚ·ÙȈÙÈÎÒÓ µ¿ÛˆÓ. £· ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ‚·ÛÈο British military bases. It will be based on samples Û ‰ÂÈÁÌ·ÙÔÏË„›Â˜ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜ ·fi 5.500 ÛËÌ›· Î·È Û taken from 5.500 sampling sites which will be ÂηÙÔÓÙ¿‰Â˜ ·Ó·Ï‡ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ı· ηχÙÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ¢ڇ analysed for a wide range of chemical elements and Ê¿ÛÌ· ¯ËÌÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Î·È ÂÓÒÛˆÓ. compounds.
√ °Âˆ¯ËÌÈÎfi˜ ÕÙÏ·ÓÙ·˜ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ı· ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ The geochemical atlas of Cyprus will be based upon Ù· Áˆ¯ËÌÈο ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÙˆÓ Â‰·ÊÒÓ ‚¿ÛÂÈ Ù˘ geographic information systems and it will be com- ‰·ÊÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ηٿٷ͢ Î·È Ù˘ ˘ÔΛÌÂÓ˘ patible with other existing databases, which deal ÏÈıÔÏÔÁ›·˜. £· ¤¯ÂÈ ˆ˜ ‚¿ÛË Ù· ™˘ÛÙ‹Ì·Ù· °ÂˆÁÚ·- with environmental applications. It will include the ÊÈÎÒÓ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ Î·È ı· Â›Ó·È Û˘Ì‚·Ùfi˜ Ì ¿ÏϘ geochemical characteristics of the tested ground ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Û˜ ΢ÚȷΤ˜ ‚¿ÛÂȘ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó according to their territorial classification and based Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈΤ˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ¤˜. on their underground lithology.
ª¤Û· ÛÙÔ 2009 ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÏÔÎÏËÚˆı› Ë ‰ÂÈÁÌ·ÙÔÏË„›· During 2009, soil sampling has been completed and Î·È ¤Ó· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÏ˘ÛÙÔȯÂÈ·ÎÒÓ Áˆ¯ËÌÈ- a large part of the geochemical analyses has also ÎÒÓ ·Ó·Ï‡ÛÂˆÓ Â‰·ÊÈÎÒÓ ‰ÂÈÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ. ™Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ· been undertaken. The Geological Survey Depart- Ù˘ ¢·ÈÛıËÙÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÈÓÔ‡ ÁÈ· ÙË ÛËÌ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ment in collaboration with the consultants has ¤ÚÁÔ˘ Ô˘ ÂÈÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È Ì ÙËÓ ÂÎfiÓËÛË ÙÔ˘ °Âˆ¯ËÌÈ- organised a public event in order to raise the profile ÎÔ‡ ÕÙÏ·ÓÙ· Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Á›ÓÂÈ Ë Ï‹„Ë ÙÔ˘ of the programme at which the final soil sample ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô˘ Û˘Ì‚ÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜. ∏ ‰ÂÈÁ- was collected at the presidential palace by the Pres- Ì·ÙÔÏË„›· ¤ÁÈÓ ·fi ÙÔÓ ¶Úfi‰ÚÔ Ù˘ ¢ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ident of the Republic of Cyprus Mr. Demetris ·ÚÈÔ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚË ÃÚÈÛÙfiÊÈ· ÛÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛ˘ Christofias. Ô˘ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ΋Ԣ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚÈ- ÎÔ‡ ªÂÁ¿ÚÔ˘, ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙˆÓ ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏˆÓ Ù˘ ™‡Ì‚·- Û˘.
42 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ∂ÈÎ. 33. ™ÙÈÁÌÈfiÙ˘Ô ·fi ÙË ‰ÂÈÁÌ·ÙÔÏË„›· ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚÈÎfi ª¤Á·ÚÔ. Fig. 33. Snapshot from the soil sampling at the Presidential Palace.
∆Ô ¢ÂΤ̂ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 2009, ÙÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ¤¯ÂÈ Â›Û˘ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·- In December 2009 the Geological Survey Depart- ÓÒÛÂÈ ÂÓËÌÂÚˆÙÈ΋ ËÌÂÚ›‰· ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂÍÂÏ›ÍÂȘ Î·È Ù· ment has organised a one-day workshop/sympo- ÚÔηٷÚÎÙÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ sium in order to brief civil servants on the latest Ô˘ ÛÙfi¯Ô ›¯Â ÙËÓ ÂÓË̤ڈÛË ÙˆÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÒÓ ÙÔ˘ developments of the programme as well as the ‰ËÌÔÛ›Ô˘. ∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ËÌÂÚ›‰· Û˘˙ËÙ‹ıËÎÂ Ë ˆÊÂÏÈÌfi- potential future uses of the geochemical Atlas of ÙËÙ· ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÔÈ ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈΤ˜ ¯Ú‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ °Âˆ¯ËÌÈ- Cyprus. During this event, the usefulness and the ÎÔ‡ ÕÙÏ·ÓÙ· Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ˆ˜ ‚¿ÛË ÁÈ· ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚ¤ÛÙÂ- future uses of the Geochemical Atlas of Cyprus Ú˜ ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Î·È ·Ó·ÎÔÈÓÒıËÎ·Ó Î·È towards more detailed environmental assessments Û˘˙ËÙ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÚÔηٷÚÎÙÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ- were discussed and the preliminary results of the ÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜. programme were presented.
∂ÈÎ. 34 & 35. ™ÙÈÁÌÈfiÙ˘· ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÓËÌÂÚˆÙÈ΋ ËÌÂÚ›‰· ÁÈ· ÙÔ °Âˆ¯ËÌÈÎfi ÕÙÏ·ÓÙ· Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘. Fig. 34 & 35. Snapshots from the one-day workshop/symposium for the Geochemical Atlas of Cyprus.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 43 ∏ ÁˆÏÔÁ›· ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔÓ Î·ıÔÚÈ- Geology seems to be the main driving force behind ÛÙÈÎfiÙÂÚÔ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ· ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¯ËÌÈÛÌÔ‡ the chemical behaviour of soils. Distinct separation ÙˆÓ Â‰·ÊÒÓ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘. ∂›Ó·È ÍÂοı·ÚÔ˜ Ô ‰È·¯ˆÚÈ- is shown between the mafic and ultramafic derived ÛÌfi˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ‚·ÛÈÎÒÓ Î·È ˘ÂÚ‚·ÛÈÎÒÓ ÂÙڈ̿- soils on the Troodos ophiolite (corresponding to low ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÔÊÈfiÏÈıÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÚÔfi‰Ô˘˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ È˙ËÌ·ÙÔÁÂ- pH values that signify acidic chemical conditions) in ÓÒÓ ÛÙÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó ÙÔÓ ÔÊÈfiÏÈıÔ ÙÔ˘ comparison to the sedimentary soils surrounding ∆ÚÔfi‰Ô˘˜. the ophiolite (corresponding to high pH values sig- nifying alkaline conditions).
∂ÈÎ. 36. ÿÚÙ˘ Ì ٷ ÚÔηٷÚÎÙÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ηٷ‰ÂÈÎÓ‡Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓÔÌ‹ Ù˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ¯ËÌÈ΋˜ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘ Ù˘ ÂÓÂÚÁÔ‡ Ô͇ÙËÙ·˜ (pH) ÛÙ· ‰¿ÊË Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘. Fig. 36. Preliminary results of the Geochemical Atlas programme demonstrating the distribution of the physicochemical parameter of pH in the soils of Cyprus.
9.2. ∂ƒ°∞™∆∏ƒπ√ ª∏Ã∞¡π∫∏™ °∂ø§√°π∞™ ∫∞π 9.2. ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL µπ√ª∏Ã∞¡π∫ø¡ √ƒÀ∫∆ø¡ MINERALS LABORATORY
™ÙÔ ∂ÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ ªË¯·ÓÈ΋˜ °ÂˆÏÔÁ›·˜ Î·È µÈÔÌ˯·ÓÈ- In the Engineering Geology and Industrial Minerals ÎÒÓ √Ú˘ÎÙÒÓ ‰ÈÂÍ‹¯ıËÛ·Ó 241 ‰ÔÎÈ̤˜ Û 149 ÂÈ- Laboratory, 241 tests were carried out on 149 select- ÏÂÁ̤ӷ ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜ Î·È ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘, Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡- ed soil and rock samples, for the purposes of geolog- Û·Ó ÙȘ ÁˆÏÔÁÈΤ˜-ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈΤ˜ ¤Ú¢Ó˜ ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ical/geotechnical investigation of various projects. ¤ÚÁˆÓ, ΢ڛˆ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó·ıÂÒÚËÛË ÙˆÓ ¯·ÚÙÒÓ Û These projects include mainly the work dealing with ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ì ηÚÛÙÈο Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓ· (∆fi¯Ó˘ Î·È ∫·Ï·‚·- the revision/compilation of maps within the areas suf- ÛÔ‡), ÙÔ ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÙˆÓ ∫·ÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂˆÓ ¶¿ÊÔ˘, ÙÔ fering from karstic phenomena (Tochni and Kalava- ¶¿ÚÎÔ ∫ÔÏÈfiÎÚÂÌÌÔ˘, ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔ˘˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜, ΢ÎÏÈ- sos), the Study of landslides in areas of the Pafos ÎÔ‡˜ ÎfiÌ‚Ô˘˜, ÎÔÈÌËÙ‹ÚÈ· Î·È ÙË §¤Û¯Ë πÔ‰ÚÔÌÈÒÓ District, the Koliokremmos Park, various roads, round- §Â˘ÎˆÛ›·˜. abouts, cemeteries and the Lefkosia Hippodrome.
EÈÎ. 37. ™˘Û΢‹ ÙÚÈ·ÍÔÓÈ΋˜ ‰ÔÎÈÌ‹˜. Fig. 37. Triaxial testing apparatus.
44 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department 10. °∂ø∆ƒ∏™∂π™ 10. DRILLING
To ∆Ì‹Ì· ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ÂÙ¿ ÁˆÙÚËÙÈο ÂÚÁÔÙ¿ÍÈ· ÂÍÔ- The drilling needs of the Department are covered ÏÈṲ̂ӷ Ì ÂÚÈÛÙÚÔÊÈο, ÎÚÔ˘ÛÙÈο Î·È ‰ÂÈÁÌ·ÙÔ- by seven drilling groups including rotary, percus- ÏËÙÈο ÁˆÙÚ‡·Ó·, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ¤Ó· Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ‰ÔÎÈ- sion and core rigs, as well as a pumping test group. Ì·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÏ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÁÈ· Â͢ËÚ¤ÙËÛË ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ Î·È ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÒÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘. During 2009, the drilling crews of the Department drilled 85 wells reaching an overall length of about ∆Ô 2009 Ù· ÂÚÁÔÙ¿ÍÈ· ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÚÔ¤‚ËÛ·Ó ÛÙËÓ 11.830 metres. Fifty boreholes were drilled for ·ÓfiÚ˘ÍË Î·È ‰È‡ڢÓÛË ÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎÔ‡ hydrogeological research purposes, while 35 drill- Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ 11.830 ̤ÙÚˆÓ. ∞fi ·˘Ù¤˜, 50 ÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ holes were drilled for broader geological, geotech- ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ÁÈ· ÛÎÔÔ‡˜ ˘‰ÚÔÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Î·È 35 nical and mineral exploration research purposes. ÁÈ· ÛÎÔÔ‡˜ ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜, ÁˆÙ¯ÓÈ΋˜ Î·È ÎÔÈÙ·ÛÌ·- Maintenance work was conducted in other 20 drill- ÙÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜. ™Â ¿ÏϘ 20 ÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó holes and 27 pumping tests were carried out in suc- ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Û˘ÓÙ‹ÚËÛ˘. ¶ÂÚ·ÈÙ¤Úˆ, ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó 27 ‰ÔÎÈÌ·- cessful hydrogeological boreholes. ÛÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙÏ‹ÛÂȘ Û ÂÈÙ˘¯Â›˜ ˘‰ÚÔÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ. Apart from the above, further 25 drillholes were ¶¤Ú·Ó ÙˆÓ ÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ·fi Ù· ÁˆÙÚËÙÈ- drilled by private drillers on a contract basis. ο ÂÚÁÔÙ¿ÍÈ· ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, ¿ÏϘ 25 ÁˆÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Ì¤Ûˆ ۇ̂·Û˘ Ì ȉÈÒÙË ‰È·ÙÚËÙ‹.
11. ∂∫¢√™∂π™ 11. PUBLICATIONS ∂ΉfiÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ̤۷ ÛÙÔ 2009: The Department’s publications in 2009 include: ñ ∏ ‰›ÁψÛÛË ∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ 2008 (ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ñ The bilingual Annual Report of the Depart- ∞ÁÁÏÈ΋). ment for 2008 (in Greek and English). ñ ¢›ÁψÛÛÔ ∂ÓËÌÂÚˆÙÈÎfi ÙÚ›Ù˘¯Ô ÁÈ· ÙÔ ñ A bilingual brochure (in Greek and English) ÎÔÈÓfi (ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ∞ÁÁÏÈ΋) Ì aimed for the public titled "Minerals and ı¤Ì· «√Ú˘ÎÙ¿ Î·È ¶ÂÙÚÒÌ·Ù· ÛÙËÓ Rocks in Our Daily Lives". ∫·ıËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ∑ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∞ÓıÚÒÔ˘». ñ A bilingual brochure (in Greek and English) ñ ¢›ÁψÛÛÔ ∂ÓËÌÂÚˆÙÈÎfi ÙÚ›Ù˘¯Ô ÁÈ· ÙÔ aimed for the public titled "Geology of ÎÔÈÓfi (ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ∞ÁÁÏÈ΋) Ì Cyprus" (reprint). ı¤Ì· «∏ °ÂˆÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘» (·ӤΉÔÛË). Furthermore, staff of the Department published various articles in the media and the "AGROTIS" jour- ∂›Û˘, §ÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ› ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘Û·Ó ‰È¿- nal of the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources ÊÔÚ· ¿ÚıÚ· ÛÙ· ¤ÓÙ˘· ª¤Û· ª·˙È΋˜ ∂ÓË̤ڈÛ˘ and the Environment and also participated in radio Î·È ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎfi «∞°ƒ√∆∏™» ÙÔ˘ ÀÔ˘ÚÁ›Ԣ °ÂˆÚ- and television programmes. Á›·˜, º˘ÛÈÎÒÓ ¶fiÚˆÓ Î·È ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È ÂÈϤ- ÔÓ, ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛıËÎ·Ó ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ Û ÂÓËÌÂÚˆÙÈΤ˜ ÂÎÔ̤˜ ÙˆÓ Ú·‰ÈÔÙËÏÂÔÙÈÎÒÓ Ì¤ÛˆÓ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 45 12. ª∂§∂∆∂™ ∫∞π ¢∏ª√™π∂À™∂π™ ÓÙ·˜ Áˆ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜. ñ ™˘Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Î·È ÙË ¯ÚÔÓÔÛÂÈÚ¿ ÙˆÓ Â‰·ÊÒÓ Ì ¶ÏÂÈÛÙÔηÈÓÈΤ˜ Î·È √ÏÔ- 12.1. ª∂§∂∆∏ ∆∏™ °∂øª√ƒº√§√°π∞™ ∆∏™ ∫À¶ƒ√À ηÈÓÈΤ˜ ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰ÈÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜. ñ ∆·ÍÈÓÔÌ› ÙȘ ÁˆÌÔÚʤ˜ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ ∏ ÌÂϤÙË Ù˘ °ÂˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›·˜ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ÛÙ¿‰ÈÔ ˆÚÈÌfiÙËÙ¿˜ ÙÔ˘˜, Î·È ·ÔÊ·›ÓÂÙ·È ÙÔÓ π·ÓÔ˘¿ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 2006 Î·È ÔÏÔÎÏËÚÒıËΠÙÔÓ Î·Ù¿ fiÛÔ Â›Ó·È ÂÓÂÚÁ¤˜ ‹ ·ÓÂÓÂÚÁ¤˜. ∆Ș π·ÓÔ˘¿ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 2010. ∏ ÌÂϤÙË ‰ÈÂÍ‹¯ıË ·fi ÙË ‰ÈÂ- Û˘Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÈ Ì ÙË ÏÈıÔÏÔÁ›· Î·È ÙËÓ ÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ- ıÓ‹ ÎÔÈÓÔÚ·Í›· ª∂∆∞∫ƒ√¡ ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· Î·Ù·Î˘ÚÒ- ΋. ıËΠ‡ÛÙÂÚ· ·fi ‰ËÌfiÛÈÔ ‰È·ÁˆÓÈÛÌfi. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓÔ- ñ ™˘Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÈ ÙȘ ÁˆÌÔÚʤ˜, ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· Ú·Í›· Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯·Ó ÙÔ ¶ÔÏÈÙÂÈ·Îfi ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂͤÏÈÍ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙȘ ÎÏÈÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ŸÚÂÁÎÔÓ ∏¶∞, ÙÔ °Âˆ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ Berkeley ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÏÂÈÛÙÔη›ÓÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ √ÏÔ- ∏¶∞, ÙÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÔÚfiÓÙÔ ∫·Ó·‰¿, ÙÔ ¶·ÓÂ- η›ÓÔ˘. ÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ Aberystwyth √˘·Ï›·˜ ∏ӈ̤ÓÔ˘ µ·ÛÈÏ›Ԣ, ÙÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ª·ÓÛÔ‡Ú·˜ ∞ÈÁ‡ÙÔ˘, Ë ∂Ù·ÈÚ›· ñ ∫·ıÔÚ›˙ÂÈ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ì ÁˆÌÔÚʤ˜ ‹ ·Ôı¤- °ÂˆÎÚ¿Ù˘ §Ù‰ Î·È ÔÈ È‰ÈÒÙ˜ ¢Ú. Liza Wells, ¢Ú ∫. ÛÂȘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜ •ÂÓÔÊÒÓÙÔ˜ Î·È ¢Ú T. Davis. Î·È ÂÈÛËÁÂ›Ù·È ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ Î·È ·Ó¿- ‰ÂÈÍ‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜. ñ ªÂÏÂÙ¿ ÙȘ ·Ú·ÏȷΤ˜ ÁˆÌÔÚʤ˜ Î·È H ÌÂϤÙË ÂÚÈÂÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ˘·›ıÚÔ˘ Î·È ÂÚÁ·- ·Ôı¤ÛÂȘ, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ·˘Ù¤˜ Ô˘ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÚ›Ô˘ Î·È Î‡ÚÈÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ¿ Ù˘ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ô ÛÂÈÚ¤˜ Ì ÙÔÓ ÂÓÂÚÁfi ÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡, ÙËÓ ¯·ÚÙÒÓ Û Îϛ̷η 1:50000. ∏ ÌÈ· ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿- ·ÏÏ·Á‹ ÛÙË ÛÙ¿ıÌË Ù˘ ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜ ηٿ Ù· ÓÂÈ 24 ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡˜ ¯¿ÚÙ˜, Ë ‰Â ¿ÏÏË 24 ¯¿Ú- ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ‰‡Ô ÂηÙÔÌ̇ÚÈ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, ηıÒ˜ Ù˜ ÙˆÓ ÙÂÙ·ÚÙÔÁÂÓÒÓ ·Ôı¤ÛˆÓ. ™ÙË Û¯ÂÙÈ΋ ¤ÎıÂ- Î·È ·˘Ù¤˜ Ô˘ Èı·ÓfiÓ Ó· Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÛË ·Ó·Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙÂ›Ù·È Ë ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤÏÈÍË Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ·Ï·ÈÔ-ÙÛÔ˘Ó¿ÌÈ. ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ∆ÂÙ·ÚÙÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ¶ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘. ™˘ÓÔ- ÙÈο Ë ¤ÎıÂÛË ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Î·È Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÂÙ·È Ù· ñ ∞ÍÈÔÏÔÁ› ÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi Î·È ÙËÓ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ›- ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı· ı¤Ì·Ù·: ‰Ú·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂͤÏÈÍË ÙÔ˘ ÙÔÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎÔ‡ ·Ó·ÁχÊÔ˘. ñ ∞Ó·ÛÎÔ› Î·È ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁ› ÙËÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Û· ÏËÚÔÊfiÚËÛË ·fi ÙȘ ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜, ñ ™˘Óı¤ÙÂÈ ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÔ‡ ÙÔÔ- ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ·Ê‹ÛÂȘ Î·È ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂȘ Ô˘ ¤ÁÈ- ÁÚ·ÊÈÎÔ‡ ·Ó·ÁχÊÔ˘ Î·È ˘‰ÚÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎÔ‡ Ó·Ó Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÒÚ· Ì ı¤Ì· ‹ ı¤Ì·Ù· Ô˘ Û¯Â- ‰ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Î·È Ù›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙË ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ·Ó··Ú¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ Î·È ·Ú¤¯ÂÈ ÌÈ· ‚¿ÛË ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ù˘ Û¯ÂÙÈ- ÂͤÏÈ͢ ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¶ÏÂÈÛÙfiηÈ- ΋˜ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜. ÓÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ √ÏÔη›ÓÔ˘. ñ ∆·ÍÈÓÔÌ› ÙȘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ¤˜ ÁˆÌÔÚʤ˜ Î·È ÙȘ ÚfiÛÊ·Ù˜ ÂÈÊ·ÓÂȷΤ˜ ·Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ·Ó¿ÏÔ- ™˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ·ÙÈο, Ë ÌÂϤÙË ‰›‰ÂÈ ÔχÙÈÌ· ÛÙÔȯ›· Á· Ì ÙȘ ÁˆÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰ÈÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ô˘ Û˘Ó¤- ÁÈ· ÙË ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘, ÙËÓ ·Ï·ÈÔÁˆ- ‚·Ï·Ó ÛÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘˜. ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ Ù˘ ÂͤÏÈÍË, ÙÔÓ ÂÓÂÚÁfi ÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ñ ªÂÏÂÙ¿, ·Ó·Ï‡ÂÈ Î·È Ù·ÍÈÓÔÌ› ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔ- ÓËÛÈÔ‡ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÛÙȘ ·Ú¿ÎÙȘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜, ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· ÏÔÁÈο ÙÔ ˘‰ÚÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ‰›ÎÙ˘Ô Î·È ÂÚÈÁÚ¿- ·Ó‡„ˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡, ÙÔÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi Î·È ÙË ÊÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í‹ ÙÔ˘. ™˘Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÈ Ù· ÁˆÌÂ- ÛËÌ·Û›· ÙˆÓ Ê˘ÛÈÎÒÓ ÎÈÓ‰‡ÓˆÓ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÁÈ· ÔÏ- ÙÚÈο ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο Ù˘ οı ÏÂοÓ˘ Ϥ˜ ¿ÏϘ Ê˘ÛÈΤ˜ Î·È ·ÓıÚˆÔÁÂÓ›˜ ‰ÈÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ·ÔÚÚÔ‹˜ fiˆ˜ ÙËÓ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ¿ Ù˘ Ì ÙËÓ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Î·ıÔÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î·Ù·Û΢‹ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ˘ÎÓfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘ Î·È ÙȘ ÎÏ›ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘. ¤ÚÁˆÓ ˘Ô‰ÔÌ‹˜ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌÈÎfi ۯ‰ȷÛÌfi. ªÂ ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ηÙÔÈÎË̤Ó˜ ñ ÃÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ› ÙȘ ÚfiÛÊ·Ù˜ ÂÈÊ·ÓÂȷΤ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û ¶ÏÂÈÛÙÔηÈÓÈÎÔ‡˜ ·Ôı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ÙȘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ¤˜ ÁˆÌÔÚʤ˜ Î·È √ÏÔηÈÓÈÎÔ‡˜ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜, Ë ÛËÌ·Û›· Ù˘ ÌÂϤ- ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ·fiÏ˘Ù˜ Î·È Û¯ÂÙÈΤ˜ Ù˘ Â›Ó·È Ôχ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Î·È Î·ıÔÚÈÛÙÈ΋ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó¿- ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ‹ÛÂȘ Î·È fiÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ù˘ÍË ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÔ˘. Û˘Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÈ ÙȘ ËÏÈ˘ ÙÔ˘˜ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒ-
46 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ™¯. 1. √ ÚÒÙÔ˜ ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈÎÞ˜ ¯¿ÚÙ˘ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔù, De Voumas 1959.
™¯. 2. ∂ùÚÂÙ‹ÚÈÔ ÙˆÓ 24 ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ¯·ÚÙÒÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ¯·ÚÙÒÓ ÙÂÙ·ÚÙÔÁÂÓÒÓ ·Ôõ¤ÛÂˆÓ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔù.
™¯. 3. ÿÚÙ˘ ÙˆÓ ÊùÛÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎÒÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯ÒÓ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔù.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 47 ™¯. 4. ÿÚÙ˘ Ù˘ ùÎÓÞÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔù ù‰ÚÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÈÎÙ‡Ôù (km/km2).
12.2. ¢√∫πª∂™ ¶ƒ√™¢π√ƒπ™ª√À ™À¡∆∂§∂™∆∏ ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ ÛÙ·ıÌÈÎfi ̤ÛÔ fiÚÔ, Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ∞¶√™∞£ƒø™∏™ ∞¢ƒ∞¡ø¡ À§π∫ø¡: ¶∞ƒ∂§£√¡, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ˘fi„Ë ÙËÓ ÔÛÔÛÙÈ·›· Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ οı ¶∞ƒ√¡ ∫∞π ª∂§§√¡ › ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÎÏ¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ‰Â›ÁÌ· ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘.
πˆ¿ÓÓ˘ πˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘1, ªÈ¯¿Ï˘ ¶¤ÙÚÔ˘1, ƒÂ‚¤Îη ºÔ‡Ú- ªÂ ÙËÓ ˘ÈÔı¤ÙËÛË ÙˆÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÒÓ ÚÔÙ‡ˆÓ Î·È ÙË Ó·ÚË1, ÃÚÈÛÙfi‰Ô˘ÏÔ˜ ÷Ù˙ËÁˆÚÁ›Ô˘2, ™¿‚‚·˜ µÚ·¯›- ı¤ÛÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÚ› ÙÔ˘ ∫·ıÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ∂Ȥ‰ˆÓ ÙˆÓ Ì˘3, °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘4, ¡›ÎÔ˜ ∫ÂϤÛÈ˘5 µ·ÛÈÎÒÓ ∞·ÈÙ‹ÛÂˆÓ √ÚÈÛÌ¤ÓˆÓ ¶ÚÔ˚fiÓÙˆÓ ¢ÔÌÈÎÒÓ 1 ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ∫·Ù·Û΢ÒÓ ¢È·Ù¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ (∫.¢.¶. 253/2006), Ô ¤ÏÂÁ- 2 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ ¯Ô˜ ·ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛ˘ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ӷ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈο Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ‰È·Ï‡Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÂÙ·¤Ó˘‰ÚÔ˘ ıÂÈÈÎÔ‡ Ì·ÁÓËÛ›- 3 ∆Ì‹Ì· ¢ËÌÔÛ›ˆÓ ŒÚÁˆÓ Ô˘, Û οı ÎÏ¿ÛÌ· ͯˆÚÈÛÙ¿. ∂ÈϤÔÓ, ÂÈÛ‹¯ıË- 4 °ÂˆÏfiÁÔ˜ Û·Ó Ó¤· ÎfiÛÎÈÓ·, Û‡Ìʈӷ Î·È Ì ÙȘ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ 5 √ÌÔÛÔÓ‰›· ™˘Ó‰¤ÛÌˆÓ ∂ÚÁÔÏ¿‚ˆÓ √ÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÒÓ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ÚÔÙ‡Ô˘ CYS EN 1367-2. ¶·ÚfiÏÔ Ô˘ Ë Ó¤· ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›· ‹Ù·Ó Û¯ÂÙÈο ¿ÁÓˆÛÙË ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¿ÌÂÛ· (¢ËÌÔÛȇıËΠÛÙÔ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎfi Ù˘ √ÌÔÛÔÓ‰›·˜ ™˘Ó‰¤ÛÌˆÓ ∂ÚÁÔ- ÂÌÏÂÎfiÌÂÓÔ˘˜ (Ì˯·ÓÈÎÔ‡˜, Ï·ÙfiÌÔ˘˜, ÂÚÁÔÏ¿‚Ô˘˜ Ï¿‚ˆÓ √ÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÒÓ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ «∂ÚÁÔÏ‹Ù˘», ∆‡¯Ô˜ 4, ÛÂÏ. 30-36, Î.¿.), Ë ∆¯ÓÈ΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∫˘ÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ √ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡ π·ÓÔ˘¿ÚÈÔ˜ 2010). ∆˘ÔÔ›ËÛ˘ (CYS TC 02) ÁÈ· Ù· ·ÌÌÔ¯¿ÏÈη ÎÏ‹ıËΠӷ ÚÔÙ›ÓÂÈ Î¿ÔÈ· (ÂÌÂÈÚÈο ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ) fiÚÈ· ∞Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ··Û¯ÔÏÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔ- ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ÌÔÚ¤ÛÂÈ Ó· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ‹ÛÂÈ Ë ·ÁÔÚ¿. ‰ÔÌÈ΋ ‚ÈÔÌ˯·Ó›· ÛÙÔ ÓËÛ› Ì·˜ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ∞˘Ùfi ›¯Â Û·Ó ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÛٿوÛË Ù˘ ÙÔÈ- Â›Ó·È Î·È ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ˘ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ‰ÔÌÈÎÒÓ Î‹˜ ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈ΋˜ ‚ÈÔÌ˯·Ó›·˜ ·ÊÔ‡, Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ. π‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ Ì·˜ οÔÈ· ÚÔηٷÚÎÙÈο ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚȷο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÛÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÓˆÛË ÙÔ ª¿ÈÔ 2004 Î·È ÙËÓ ˘ÈÔı¤- Ô˘ ›‰·Ó ÙÔ Êˆ˜ Ù˘ ‰ËÌÔÛÈfiÙËÙ·˜, ÔÏÏ¿ ·fi Ù· ÙËÛË ÙˆÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÒÓ ÚÔÙ‡ˆÓ CYS EN 12620, CYS ·‰Ú·Ó‹ ˘ÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡ Ì·˜ ı¤ÙÔÓÙ·Ó ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ EN 13043, CYS EN 13139 Î·È CYS EN 13242, ÚԤ΢- ÔÚ›ˆÓ Ô˘ ıÂÛ›ÛÙËηÓ. „ ÌÈ· ·Ó·ÛٿوÛË ÛÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈÎfi ÎÏ¿‰Ô Î·È ÌÈ· Û‡Á¯˘ÛË ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ Ú·ÎÙÈΤ˜ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ¶ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆÈÛÙ› ÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Ô˘ ÙˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ ı· ¤Ú ӷ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡ÓÙ·È. ÚԤ΢„Â, ÔÌ¿‰· ·ÙfiÌˆÓ Ô˘ ÌÂÙ›¯·Ó ÛÙË CYS TC 02, Ì ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ù˘ √.™.∂.√.∫., ·Ó¤Ï·‚ ӷ ˘Ô- ™Â fi,ÙÈ ·ÊÔÚ¿ Ù· ·‰Ú·Ó‹ ˘ÏÈο, Î·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔÓ ‚¿ÏÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÿ‰Ú˘Ì· ¶ÚÔÒıËÛ˘ ŒÚ¢ӷ˜ ÚfiÙ·ÛË ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÁÈ· ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙ‹ ·ÔÛ¿- ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛ˘ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙËÓ ıÚˆÛ˘ (soundness) ÙˆÓ ·ÌÌÔ¯¿ÏÈΈÓ, ÚÈÓ ÙËÓ ÔÏÔÎÏËڈ̤ÓË ÌÂϤÙË Ù˘ ·ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÙÔÈ- ¤ÓÙ·Í‹ Ì·˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÓˆÛË, ÙÔ Û¯ÂÙÈÎfi ÎÒÓ ·‰Ú·ÓÒÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ. ∏ ÚfiÙ·ÛË ÎÚ›ıËΠÂÈϤÍÈÌË ∫˘ÚÈ·Îfi ÚfiÙ˘Ô (CYS 64:1986) ˘ÈÔıÂÙÔ‡Û ۯ‰fiÓ Î·È ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙ‹ıËΠ̠¤Ó· ÔÛfi Ô˘ ÍÂÂÚÓÔ‡Û ·˘ÙÔ‡ÛÈ· ÙËÓ ∞ÌÂÚÈηÓÈ΋ ‰ÔÎÈÌ‹ ASTM C 88. ™˘ÁÎÂ- ÙȘ €150.000 ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô 2006-2009. ™Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ· ÎÚÈ̤ӷ, ÚÔ¤‚Ï ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ‰È·Ï‡Ì·ÙÔ˜ ¿Ó˘‰ÚÔ˘ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ¤ÚÁÔ˘, Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÏÔÎÏËÚˆı› ÚfiÛÊ·Ù·, ıÂÈÈÎÔ‡ Ó·ÙÚ›Ô˘ Î·È ÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ∞ÌÂÚÈοÓÈÎˆÓ ÎfiÛÎÈÓˆÓ. ∏ ÂϤÁ¯ıËÎ·Ó ‰ÈÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚȷο ·‰Ú·Ó‹ ˘ÏÈο ·fi 25 ‰Â ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· Î·È ÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ï·ÙÔÌ›· ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡, Û˘ÌÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚·ÓÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·È
48 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ÙÚÈÒÓ Ï·ÙÔÌ›ˆÓ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù¯fiÌÂÓË Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛ˘. ∂ÈϤÔÓ, ‰ÔÎÈ̤˜ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Î·È Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÓÙ·‰·¯Ù‡ÏÔ˘. √È ¤ÏÂÁ¯ÔÈ ‰ÂÓ ÂÚÈÔ- ÙÔ ∞ÌÂÚÈηÓÈÎfi ÚfiÙ˘Ô ASTM C 88, ÙfiÛÔ Ì ÂÙ·¤- Ú›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ‰ÔÎÈÌ‹ CYS EN 1367- Ó˘‰ÚÔ ıÂÈÈÎfi Ì·ÁÓ‹ÛÈÔ, fiÛÔ Î·È Ì ¿Ó˘‰ÚÔ ıÂÈÈÎfi 2 Ì ÂÙ·¤Ó˘‰ÚÔ ıÂÈÈÎfi Ì·ÁÓ‹ÛÈÔ, ·ÏÏ¿ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Î·È Ì ӿÙÚÈÔ. ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ¿Ó˘‰ÚÔ˘ ıÂÈÈÎÔ‡ Ó·ÙÚ›Ô˘ ÁÈ· ÛÎÔÔ‡˜
40 Ȇ.Ȁ ǻ.Ǽ ǹʌȠıȐșȡȦıȘ MgSO4 (ȀȜȐıȝĮ 10-14 mm) 35
30
25
20 MS (%) MS 15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 4 7 8 0 Ȁ Ȁ Ȁ 1 1 1 1 2 21 Ȇ Ȇ Ȇ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ Ȁ Ȁ Ȁ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ Ȇ Ȇ Ȇ ȁĮIJȠȝİȓĮ
™¯‹Ì· 1: ∞ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛË ·‰Ú·ÓÒÓ 10-14 mm ηٿ CYS EN 1367-2.
35 Ȇ.Ȁ ǻ.Ǽ ǹʌȠıȐșȡȦıȘ MgSO4 (ȀȜȐıȝĮ 14-20 mm) 30
25
20
MS (%) MS 15
10
5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4 7 10 1 1 18 20 21 ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȆȀ ȁĮIJȠȝİȓĮ
™¯‹Ì· 2: ∞ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛË ·‰Ú·ÓÒÓ 14-20 mm ηٿ CYS EN 1367-2.
∆· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ‰ÔÎÈÌÒÓ Ì ÂÙ·¤Ó˘‰ÚÔ ıÂÈÈÎfi ۯ‰fiÓ Ù· ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ÂϤÁ¯ıËÎ·Ó Â›¯·Ó ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯È- Ì·ÁÓ‹ÛÈÔ Î·Ù¿ CYS EN 1367-2 ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ Ù· ¯ÔÓ‰Úfi- ÛÙÔÓ ¤Ó· ‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ÎÏ¿ÛÌ·Ù· ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÚ›ˆÓ ÎÔÎη ·‰Ú·Ó‹ Ù˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ (8-20 mm) ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ- (MS 35) Ô˘ ÚÔÙ¿ıËÎ·Ó ·fi ÙË CYS TC 02 (‚Ï. ™¯‹- ›˙Ô˘Ó È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ·ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛ˘ Î·È Â›Ó·È Ì·Ù· 3-4). ™ËÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÛÙȘ ‰ÔÎÈ̤˜ ÏÂÙfiÎÔÎÎˆÓ ÁÂÓÈο ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÚ›ˆÓ (MS 25) Ô˘ ÚfiÙÂÈÓÂ Ë CYS ·‰Ú·ÓÒÓ ‰ÂÓ Ï‹ÊıËΠ˘fi„Ë ÙÔ fiÚÈÔ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ TC 02 (‚Ï. ™¯‹Ì·Ù· 1-2). ¶Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ÂÓÙÔ›ÛÙËΠÛÙȘ (15% ηٿ Ì¿˙·) Ô˘ ÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ∫.¢.¶. 253/2006. ¿ÌÌÔ˘˜, fiÔ˘ Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· η٤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ fiÏ·
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 49 100 90 DZȝȝȠȚ 80 70 60 50
MS (%) 40 30 20 10 0 5-3.35 3.35-2.36 2.36-1.18 1.18-0.600 0.60-0.30 Fraction Size (mm) ȆȀ11 ȌĮ ȝ . ȆȀ12 ǹıȕ. ȆȀ13 ǹıȕ. ȆȀ15 ȌĮ ȝ . ȆȀ16 ȌĮ ȝ . ȆȀ19 ǹıȕ. ǻȚĮȕĮıȚțȐ AǯʌȠȚȩIJȘIJĮȢ ǻȚĮȕĮıȚțȐ ǺǯʌȠȚȩIJȘIJĮȢ ǹıȕİıIJȠȜȚșȚțȐ ǹǯʌȠȚȩIJȘIJĮ ǹıȕİıIJȠȜȚșȚțȐ Ǻǯ ʌȠȚȩIJȘIJĮȢǯ ǵȡȚĮ ȐȝȝȠȣ
™¯‹Ì· 3: ∞ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛË ÏÂÙfiÎÔÎÎˆÓ ·‰Ú·ÓÒÓ Î·Ù¿ CYS EN 1367-2. ∏ ÔÚÈ˙fiÓÙÈ· ‰È·ÎÂÎÔÌ̤ÓË ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ ‰ËÏÒÓÂÈ ÙÔ fiÚÈÔ MS 35 Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ∫.¢.¶. 253/2006.
70 DZȝȝȠȚ ȀĮIJİȤȠȝȑȞȦȞ 60
50
40
30 MS (%)
20
1 10 ȈȪıțȜȘʌȠȢ ȀȣșȡȑĮ ȀȣșȡȑĮ 2 ǵȡȚȠ ȐȝȝȠȣ 0 5.0-3.35 3.35-2.36 2.36-1.18 1.18-0.600 0.600-0.300 Fraction Size (mm)
™¯‹Ì· 4: ∞ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛË ÏÂÙfiÎÔÎÎˆÓ ·‰Ú·ÓÒÓ Î·Ù¯ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯ÒÓ Î·Ù¿ CYS EN 1367-2. ∏ ÔÚÈ˙fiÓÙÈ· ‰È·ÎÂÎÔÌ̤ÓË ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ ‰ËÏÒÓÂÈ ÙÔ fiÚÈÔ MS 35 Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ∫.¢.¶. 253/2006.
π‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÛÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È Ï¤ÔÓ Ô ÛÙ·ıÌÈ- ÙˆÓ ‰ÔÎÈÌÒÓ Î·Ù¿ CYS EN 1367-2 Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ¿Ó˘- Îfi˜ ̤ÛÔ˜ fiÚÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿- ‰ÚÔ˘ ıÂÈÈÎÔ‡ Ó·ÙÚ›Ô˘ (‚Ï. ™¯‹Ì· 5), ·’ fiÔ˘ Ê¿ÓË- ÙˆÓ. ∂›Ó·È ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈÎfi fiÙÈ ÛÙ· ÏÂÙfiÎÔÎη (<5 mm), ÎÂ Ë ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙË ‰Ú·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ·Ï¿ÙˆÓ, ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÁÂÓÈο ÌÈ· Ù¿ÛË Ì›ˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂ- ·fiÚÚÔÈ· Èı·Ófiٷٷ Ù˘ ÌÂٿوÛ˘ ·fi ÌÈ· Ê¿ÛË ÛÙ‹ ·ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛ˘ Ì ÙË Ì›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ÎÏ¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ (‚Ï. Û ¿ÏÏË ÙÔ˘ ÂÙ·¤Ó˘‰ÚÔ˘ ıÂÈÈÎÔ‡ Ì·ÁÓËÛ›Ô˘. ¶¤Ú· ™¯‹Ì· 5), Ë ÔÔ›· ·Ó·Ì¤ÓÂÙ·È Ó· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ Î·È Û ·fi ·˘Ù‹ ÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿, Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÛËÌÂȈı› fiÙÈ ÔÈ ¯·ÌËϤ˜ ÙÈ̤˜ ·ÒÏÂÈ·˜ Ì¿˙·˜ Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÛÙ·ıÌÈ- „ËϤ˜ ÙÈ̤˜ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙ‹ ·ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛ˘ Ô˘ ·Ú·ÙË- ÎÔ‡ ̤ÛÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· Û ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· fiÔ˘ ÂÈÎÚ·- ÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ÚÔ·ÙÔ˘Ó ·fi ÙÔ‡Ó Ù· ÈÔ ÌÈÎÚ¿ ÎÏ¿ÛÌ·Ù·. ∞ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·, ÛÙ· ¯ÔÓ‰Úfi- ‰ÔÎÈ̤˜ Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙË Ó¤· ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›·, Û ÎÔÎη, ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È Ì›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙ‹ ·ÔÛ¿- Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛË ¿ÓÙ· Ì ÙË ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›· Ô˘ ˘ÈÔıÂÙÔ‡Û ıÚˆÛ˘ Ì ÙËÓ ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÎÏ¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ (‚Ï. ™¯‹Ì· 5). ÙÔ ∫˘ÚÈ·Îfi ÚfiÙ˘Ô CYS 64:1986, ÔÊ›ÏÔÓÙ·È Î·È
50 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ™¯‹Ì· 5: ∞ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛË ·‰Ú·ÓÒÓ Î·Ù¿ CYS EN 1367-2 Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÂÙ·¤Ó˘‰ÚÔ˘ ıÂÈÈÎÔ‡ Ì·ÁÓËÛ›Ô˘ (MgSO4.7H2O) Î·È ¿Ó˘‰ÚÔ˘ ıÂÈÈ- ÎÔ‡ Ó·ÙÚ›Ô˘ (Na2SO4).
70 Ǽȃ-MgSO4 ȈȪȖțȡȚıȘ ASTM-EN ǹıȕİıIJȠȜȚșȚțȐ 60 ASTM-MgSO4
50
40
30MS (%)
20
10
0 20.0-14.0 14.0-10.0 10.0-6.3 6.3-5.0 5.0-3.35 3.35-2.36 2.36-1.18 1.18-0.600 0.600-0.300 Fraction Size (mm)
™¯‹Ì· 6: ™‡ÁÎÚÈÛË ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ‰ÔÎÈÌÒÓ ·ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛ˘ ηٿ CYS EN 1367-2 Î·È ASTM C 88 Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÂÙ·¤Ó˘‰ÚÔ˘ ıÂÈ˚ÎÔ‡ Ì·ÁÓËÛ›Ô˘. √È ÔÚÈ˙fiÓÙȘ ÁÚ·Ì̤˜ ‰ËÏÒÓÔ˘Ó Ù· ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ¿ fiÚÈ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î¿ı ‰ÔÎÈÌ‹.
¶·ÚfiϘ ÙȘ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ÈÔ ¿Óˆ, οı ÊÔÚ¿ (‚Ï. ™¯‹Ì· 6). ∞fi ÌÈ· Ù¤ÙÔÈ· Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛË Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi Ó· Û˘ÁÎÚ›ÓÂÈ Î·Ó›˜ Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·- ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ fiÙÈ ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ı· ‹Ù·Ó ÂÎÙfi˜ ÔÚ›ˆÓ Ì ٷ ‰ÔÎÈÌÒÓ ·ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛ˘ ηٿ ∂¡ Î·È ASTM Ì ÙË ÙË ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›· ASTM, Ù›ıÂÓÙ·È ÂÎÙfi˜ ÔÚ›ˆÓ Î·È Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘ ›‰ÈÔ˘ ‰È·Ï‡Ì·ÙÔ˜ (.¯. ÂÙ·¤Ó˘‰ÚÔ ıÂÈÈÎfi Ó¤· ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›·. Ì·ÁÓ‹ÛÈÔ) Î·È Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ˘fi„Ë Ù· ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· fiÚÈ·
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 51 ™ËÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë ˘ÊÈÛÙ¿ÌÂÓË Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÛÙȘ ‰ÔÎÈ- ∂Ó‰ÂÈÎÙÈο ÚÔηٷÚÎÙÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ÚÔ¤- ̤˜ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ ·ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛ˘ ·‰Ú·ÓÒÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·Ì¤- ΢„·Ó ·fi ÙÔ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎfi ¤ÚÁÔ, Ô˘ ÂÎÔÓ‹ıËΠ̠ÓÂÙ·È Ôχ Û‡ÓÙÔÌ· Ó· ÂÚ¿ÛÂÈ ÌÈ· ·ÎfiÌË ·ÏÏ·Á‹. ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ù˘ √.™.∂.√.∫. Î·È ·Ó·Ê¤ÚıËΠÈÔ ™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ, Ë ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ∆¯ÓÈ΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ ÁÈ· Ù· ¿Óˆ, ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ ·˘Ù‹ Ë Ó¤· ‰ÔÎÈÌ‹ (prEN 1367-2) ·‰Ú·Ó‹ ˘ÏÈο TC 154, ÌÂÙ¿ Î·È ·fi ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ Ù˘ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÈ ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÙË ‰ÔÎÈÌ‹ ASTM C 88, ·Ó Î·È ∆¯ÓÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜ CYS TC 02, ÚÔ¯ˆÚ› Ì ÙÔ Ó¤Ô ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÎfiÌË ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÛÙȘ ÙÈ̤˜ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙ‹ ¤ÙÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ˘ÈÔı¤ÙËÛË ÚÔ·ÈÚÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ·Ú·ÚÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛ˘ (‚Ï. ™¯‹Ì· 7). ¢Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ˘ fiÙÈ Û‡ÓÙÔÌ· ÛÙÔ ÚfiÙ˘Ô CYS EN 1367-2. ªÂ ‚¿ÛË ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ı· ÎÏËıԇ̠ӷ ·ÔÊ·Û›ÛÔ˘Ì ηٿ fiÛÔ ı· ˘ÈÔıÂ- ·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ·, ı· ‰›ÓÂÙ·È Ï¤ÔÓ Ë ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Û ًÛÔ˘Ì ÙË Ó¤· ‰ÔÎÈÌ‹, ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ÂÈÙ·ÎÙÈ΋ Ë ·Ó¿ÁÎË ¯ÒÚ˜-̤ÏË Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘ Ó· ÂÂÍÂÚÁ¿˙Ô- ÁÈ· Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÌÂϤÙË Ù˘ ÚÔÙÂÈÓfiÌÂÓ˘ ÌÂıÔ‰Ô- ÓÙ·È Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ‰ÔÎÈÌÒÓ ·ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛ˘ Ì ÏÔÁ›·˜ Î·È ÁÈ· ÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÈηÓÔÔÈËÙÈÎÔ‡ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ·Ô- ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÛÙ·ıÌÈÎÔ‡ ̤ÛÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘. ªÂ ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ ·ÏÏ·- ÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ı· ÂÈÙÚ¤„ÂÈ ÛÙË CYS TC 02 Ó· ÂÈÛË- Á‹, ˘ÈÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È Î·È ÌÈ· Ó¤· ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÎÔÛÎ›ÓˆÓ (Ë ÔÔ›· ÁËı› ÏÔÁÈο fiÚÈ·, ‚·ÛÈṲ̂ӷ Û ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈο Î·È ÂÍ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› Ó· ‰È·Ê¤ÚÂÈ ·fi Ù· ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· ÎfiÛÎÈÓ· ÂÌÂÚÈÛٷو̤ӷ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·, ·Ú¿ Ù˘ ∞ÌÂÚÈηÓÈ΋˜ ‰ÔÎÈÌ‹˜ ASTM C 88), ÂÓÒ ‰ÂÓ ·Ú·- Û ÂÌÂÈÚÈΤ˜ ÙÈ̤˜. ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔ›ËÛË ÛÙÔ ‰È¿Ï˘Ì· ¿Ï·ÙÔ˜ (·Ú·- ̤ÓÂÈ ÙÔ ÂÙ·¤Ó˘‰ÚÔ ıÂÈÈÎfi Ì·ÁÓ‹ÛÈÔ).
40 MgSO4 ıİ ǻȚĮȕĮıȚțȩ ǻǹǯ 35 pr EN 30
25 ASTM )
(% 20 MS (%) MS 15
10
5
0 Fraction Size (mm) ȈțȪȡĮ 4-10 DZȝȝȠȢ
™¯‹Ì· 7: ™‡ÁÎÚÈÛË ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ‰ÔÎÈÌÒÓ ·ÔÛ¿ıÚˆÛ˘ ηٿ prEN 1367-2 Î·È ASTM C 88 Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÂÙ·¤Ó˘‰ÚÔ˘ ıÂÈÈÎÔ‡ Ì·ÁÓËÛ›Ô˘.
∂Âȉ‹ Ô ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ Ô˘ ·Ô̤ÓÂÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ˘ÈÔı¤ÙËÛË ¢Ú· ªÈ¯¿ÏË ¶¤ÙÚÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ÙËϤʈÓÔ 22892281 Î·È Ù˘ Ó¤·˜ ‰ÔÎÈÌ‹˜ Â›Ó·È Ôχ Û‡ÓÙÔÌÔ˜, ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È Ë Ì¤Ûˆ email ([email protected]). ·Á·ÛÙ‹ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂӉȷÊÂÚÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ÂÎfiÓËÛË ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ Ó¤Ô˘ ¤ÚÁÔ˘, Ì ·ÒÙÂÚÔ ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙË ÛˆÛÙ‹ ÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË Ù˘ ÙÔÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈ΋˜ ‚ÈÔÌ˯·- 12.3. ª∂§∂∆∏ °π∞ ∆∏¡ ∞¶√∫∞∆∞™∆∞™∏ Ó›·˜. ∆Ô ∂ÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ ¢ÔÌÈÎÒÓ ÀÏÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ∂°∫∞∆∞§∂πªª∂¡ø¡ ª∂∆∞§§∂πø¡ ª∂π∫∆ø¡ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ ªË¯·ÓÈÎÒÓ Î·È ªË¯·ÓÈÎÒÓ ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ £∂π√ÀÃø¡ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Úfiı˘ÌÔ Ó· Û˘Ì‚¿- ÏÂÈ Û ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ‰È·ı¤ÙÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ Ù¯ÓÔ- ∏ ÌÂϤÙË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÌÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÁÓˆÛ›· ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔÓ ÂÍÔÏÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘. ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›ˆÓ ÌÂÈÎÙÒÓ ıÂÈÔ‡¯ˆÓ ÂÎÔÓ‹ıËΠÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚ- Á·Û›· Ì ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓÔÚ·Í›· Wardell Armstrong Î·È √È Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ ¢¯·ÚÈÛÙÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ÿ‰Ú˘Ì· ¶ÚÔÒıËÛ˘ A.L.A. Planning Partnership Î·È Â›¯Â ˆ˜ ‚·ÛÈÎfi ÛÙfi¯Ô ŒÚ¢ӷ˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË ÙÔ˘ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ¡∂¶ƒ√/ ÙÔÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi Î·È Î·Ù·ÁÚ·Ê‹ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·Ì¤- 0506/10, ηıÒ˜ ›Û˘ Î·È Ù· §·ÙÔÌ›· ªÔÛÊÈψً˜ ÙÚˆÓ Ô˘ ‰È¤Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÌ̤- Î·È ∫∞√™ §Ù‰ ÁÈ· ÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·. ÓˆÓ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›ˆÓ ÌÂÈÎÙÒÓ ıÂÈÔ‡¯ˆÓ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÂ˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ, °È· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ٷ ·ÔÙÂ- Û˘ÌÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚·ÓÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÂÂ- ϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ÌÔÚ›Ù ӷ ÂÈÎÔÈ- ÍÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ / ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÂ˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ ÓˆÓ›Ù Ì ÙÔ ¢Ú· πˆ¿ÓÓË πˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ÙËϤʈÓÔ ·˘ÙÒÓ. ∏ ÌÂϤÙË ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ ›ÎÔÛÈ ¤ÍÈ ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÌ- 22892257 Î·È Ì¤Ûˆ email ([email protected]) ‹ Ì ÙÔ Ì¤Ó· ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›· Î·È ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Î·È ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÂ˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ.
52 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department ∞Ó·Ï˘ÙÈο Ë ÌÂϤÙË Û˘ÌÂÚȤϷ‚ ‹ ¤Ï·‚ ˘fi„Ë Ù· Ï›Ԣ, ÙÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙË ÁÂÈÙÓ›·ÛË ÙÔ˘ Û ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı·: ÔÈÎÔ‰Ô̤˜ ‹ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜, Ë ÚÔÛ‚·ÛÈÌfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘, Ë ñ ∆Ë Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ Î·È Î·Ù·ÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙˆÓ ˘ÊÈÛÙ¿ÌÂ- ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ· ÙÔ˘, Ë ÔÙÈ΋ ›‰Ú·ÛË ÙÔ˘, Ë ÛÙ·ıÂÚfiÙË- ÓˆÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ·Ó¿ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÂ›Ô ÌÂÈÎÙÒÓ Ù· ÙˆÓ Ú·ÓÒÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÎÚ·Ù‹ÚˆÓ, Ë ÛÙ·ıÂÚfiÙËÙ· ıÂÈÔ‡¯ˆÓ Î·È Û˘Ó·ÊÒÓ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÙˆÓ Ú·ÓÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÛˆÚÒÓ ·Ô‚Ï‹ÙˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÊÚ·ÁÌ¿- ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ / ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌÔ‡. ÙˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÙÂÏÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ÔÈ Èı·Ó¤˜ ÂÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ÓÂÚfi / ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ, Ë ·ÚÔ‡Û· ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ Î·È ñ ∆Ë ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ Ú·ÎÙÈ΋ ·Ó·ÊÔÚÈο Ì ÙËÓ ·Ô- ÙÔ ÎfiÛÙÔ˜ Î·È Ô ‚·ıÌfi˜ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·Û˘ Ô˘ ··ÈÙ›- ηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›ˆÓ ÌÂÈÎÙÒÓ ıÂÈÔ‡¯ˆÓ Ù·È ÁÈ· οı ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›Ô. ªÂ ‚¿ÛË Ù· ÈÔ ¿Óˆ ÎÚÈÙ‹- Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ / ÚÈ· Ë Ù·ÍÈÓfiÌËÛË ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›ˆÓ Î·È ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌÔ‡. Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ¶›Ó·Î· Ô˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı›. ñ ∆Ô ıÂÛÌÈÎfi Ï·›ÛÈÔ Î·È ÙȘ Û¯ÂÙÈΤ˜ ∂˘Úˆ- ·˚Τ˜ √‰ËÁ›Â˜ Ô˘ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙÔ ı¤Ì· Ù˘ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›ˆÓ. ªÂ ‚¿ÛË ÙËÓ Ù·ÍÈÓfiÌËÛË Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓÂ, ÂÈϤÁËΠˆ˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˜ ÂÎfiÓËÛ˘ ÈÏÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·Ôηٿ- ñ ∆ËÓ ÙÔÔÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ·ÔÙ‡ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÎÛη- ÛÙ·Û˘ (pilot project), ÙÔ ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÌ̤ÓÔ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÂ›Ô ÊÒÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ·Ôı¤ÛˆÓ, ÙËÓ Ù·ÍÈÓfiÌËÛË ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÔÂ˙ԇϷ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ· ªÈÙÛÂÚÔ‡. √ Û¯Â- Î·È ÙÔÓ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ÂÈÊ·ÓÂÈÒÓ ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÈÏÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·- ·Ôı¤ÛÂˆÓ (Ì¿˙ˆÓ) Û ÛÙ›ڷ (ÛÙ›Ú˜ Û˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÂÈÛËÁ‹ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁË ‰È·- Ï¿‚˜), ¯·ÌËÏ‹˜ ÂÚÈÂÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÌÂÙ·Ï- ÌfiÚʈÛË Î·È ·Ó¿Ï·ÛË ÙˆÓ ÁˆÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÒÓ ·fi ÙȘ χ̷ٷ Î·È Ù¤ÏÌ·Ù·. ÂÎÛηʤ˜ Î·È ÙȘ ·Ôı¤ÛÂȘ, ÙË ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË ÙˆÓ fiÍÈÓˆÓ ñ ∆ÔÓ Î·ıÔÚÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ȉÈÔÎÙËÛÈ·ÎÔ‡ ηıÂÛÙÒ- ÓÂÚÒÓ, ÙËÓ ·Ó·‰¿ÛˆÛË Î·È ·Ó·¯Ïfi·ÛË Ì ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙË- ÙÔ˜ Û ȉȈÙÈ΋, ÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ Î·È ‰·ÛÈ΋ ÁË. Ù· ¯Ú‹Û˘ ηٷÏÔ›ˆÓ (Ï¿Û˘) ‚ÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÛÙ·ıÌÒÓ ñ ∆ËÓ Â˘ÛÙ¿ıÂÈ· ÙˆÓ Ú·ÓÒÓ Î¿ı ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›- Î·È ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ¯Ú‹Û˘ Ù˘ Á˘. ∆Ô ∆Ì‹Ì· ̤ۈ Ô˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ·Ôı¤ÛˆÓ, Û˘ÌÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚·ÓÔ- ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ ·ÁÔÚ¿˜ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ, ı· ÂÎÔÓ‹ÛÂÈ Ù¯ÓÔ- Ì¤ÓˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÙÂÏÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ηıÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙȘ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ÌÂϤÙË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÁÎÂ- ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›Ԣ ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ¤ÙÛÈ ÙȘ ÂÈÛËÁ‹- ÏËÊıÔ‡Ó ˘fi„Ë Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·Û‹ ÛÂȘ Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘. ÙÔ˘˜. ñ ∆ËÓ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ Ú‡·ÓÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜ °È· Ù· ˘fiÏÔÈ· ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›· Î·È ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ô˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ (˘ÔÁ›ˆÓ Î·È ÂÈÊ·ÓÂÈ·- ÂͤٷÛÂ Ë ÌÂϤÙË ¤ÁÈÓ ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹ Ù˘ ˘ÊÈÛÙ¿ÌÂÓ˘ ÎÒÓ), ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ù˘ Ú‡·ÓÛ˘ Ù˘ ·ÙÌfi- ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô- ÛÊ·ÈÚ·˜ ·fi ÛÙÂÚÂÔ‡˜ Î·È ·¤ÚÈÔ˘˜ Ú‡Ô˘˜. ÓÙ·È Î·È ˘Ô‚Ï‹ıËÎ·Ó ÂÈÛËÁ‹ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈ- ÛË ÙˆÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ηٷÁÚ¿ÊËηÓ. ªÂÙ¿ ·fi ÂÈÙfiȘ ÂÈÛÎÔ‹ÛÂȘ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙ·Ï- Ï›ˆÓ Î·È ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ÂÚÈÂÏ¿Ì‚·ÓÂ Ë ÌÂϤ- ∆· ÔÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó Û ËÌÂÚ›- ÙË Î·È Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Ô˘ ‰· ÛÙËÓ ∞›ıÔ˘Û· ¶ÔÏÏ·ÏÒÓ ÃÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ÈÔ ¿Óˆ ¤ÁÈÓ ηıÔÚÈÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÚÔ- °ÂˆÚÁ›·˜, ÀÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô °ÂˆÚÁ›·˜, º˘ÛÈÎÒÓ ¶fiÚˆÓ Î·È ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Û οı ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›Ô. ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜. ∆ËÓ ËÌÂÚ›‰· ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ·Ó ÂÈ- ∞ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ ٷÍÈÓfiÌËÛË ÙˆÓ ¯ÒÚˆÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÛÙ‹ÌÔÓ˜ ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ÂȉÈÎÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ Î·ıÒ˜ Î·È ÂÎÚfiÛˆ- ·Ó·ÁηÈfiÙËÙ· ·ÔηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ÙÔ˘˜, ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒ- ÔÈ ÙÔÈÎÒÓ ·Ú¯ÒÓ Î·È ÔÈÎÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈ- ÓÙ·˜ Ù· ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı· ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ·: ÙÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÙ·Ï- ÎÒÓ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛˆÓ.
Ÿ„Ë ÙÔù ªÂÙ·ÏÏ›Ôù ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÔÂúԇϷ˜ Ôù ÂÈϤÁËΠÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎÙ¤ÏÂÛË ÈÏÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·Û˘. View of the Kokkinopezoula mine that was selected for the implementation of a restoration pilot program.
∂Ù‹ÛÈ· ŒÎıÂÛË 2009- Annual Report 2009 53 ËÎÂ Þ Þ Þ Þ Þ õ ˜ Þ Þ Þ ) Þ Þ Þ Þ Þ Þ Þ Þ Þ ›ÛÙ·Ù·È Ì ·ÈÙÂ›Ù·È , ª¤ÙÚÈÔ, õ õ Û‚·ÛË Þ Î·È ¶Ôχ Þ ÛÙÔ˜ Î·È Þ · Þ ù Ôη ÔηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ∫ ÔηٷÛÙ¿ Ô ∞ ∞ ÌËÛË (÷ÌËÏ Þ ·ÍÈÓ ∆ ÌÔÏÔÁ›· ˜. õ ù Ô- ˜ 37 9 ¶Ôχ æËÏ ˜1225¶Ú ˜ 6 26 ÷ÌËÏ Þ Þ Þ 1 - 5 (5Ë µ· ηٿÛÙ·Û˘) ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙ˘ · ÔηٿÛÙ·Û‹˜ ÙÔ / ¯Ú‹ÛË ‚· Þ ÈÔ ¯Ú‹ÛË Ì æËÏ ·Ó¤˜ Û‚·ÛË ™ÙÚ·Ù ÙÒÛÂȘ ¶·ÚÔ‡Û· õ Þ È ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ · ÙËÙ· · Þ ÙËÙ· ¶È ‹˜) ÛÔ‚·Ú‹) ·Ó¿ÁÎË Þ õ ÈÔ Û‚·ÛË ¶Ú ·Ì›· 6 1 20 24 ÷ÌËÏ ÂÚ Þ Ú·ÓÒÓ Â ∫ õ Ô‚Ï‹ÙˆÓ/ ÊÚ·ÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙËÙ· ‹˜) ·ÛÙ· Þ õ ÈÔ Û‚·ÛË ¶Ú ·Ì›· 5 10 2 35 11 ¶Ôχ æËÏ ·Ì›· 5·Ì›· 6 ª/¢ 5 6 32 5 16 24 æËÏ 21 ª¤ÙÚÈÔ ·Ì›· 2 4 3 24 20 ÷ÌËÏ ·Ì›· 5 8 5 40 5 ¶Ôχ æËÏ ·Ì›· 4 4 3 23 22 ª¤ÙÚÈÔ ·Ì›· ÂÚ Þ Ú·ÓÒÓ ÛˆÚÒÓ ÛÙÔ ÓÂÚ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ Èڛ˜ Èڛ˜ Èڛ˜ Èڛ˜ õ ÎÚ·Ù‹ÚˆÓ · ÈÔ ÙÈ΋ ™Ù· ›‰Ú·ÛË √  ù ÙÂÚÔ Þ ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ· ∞ ù ÙÂÚË) ÏÈÁ Þ ÙËÙ· ¯ÒÚÔ Þ ÎÔÏ ù ˜ 1 - 5 (5Ë 1 - 5 (5Ë 1 - 5 (5Ë 1 - 5 (5Ë 1 - 5 (5Ë 1 - 10 (10Ë Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË æËÏ ù ˜ 4 ª/¢ 1 ª/¢ ª/¢ ÕÁÓˆÛÙ˜ ™ÙÚ·Ù ˜5 13¶Ú Þ Þ ÌÔ‡˜  Ԙ/ÁÂÈÙ- ™Ù· õ õ ÌËÛË ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÌÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ›ˆÓ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÁÎ·È ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ¯ÒÚÔ Î·ÙÔÈÎÈÒÓ) ·ÛÊ·Ï‹˜) ÛÔ‚·Ú‹) ·ÛÙ· Þ ÔÈ΋̷ٷ ‹ Ì 1 - 5 (5 ÎÔÓÙ¿ ª¤Á ·ÍÈÓ ∆ Ô˜ Ó›·ÛË Û ¶ÚÔÛ‚·ÛÈ- õ 1 - 5 (5 ÙÔ Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ) ·ÚÈ Þ ¯ˆÌ· 5 2 5 1 3 4 4 6 2 32 17 È¿) 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 8 3 38 6 æËÏ Þ ) 5 2 4 5 3 5 5 8 ™ÙÚ·Ù ù ÈÊ·ÓÂÈ- ·Ú ·Ì õ ÁÂÈÔ) 1 2 4 5 1 ∫ Þ ÁÂÈÔ 1 1 3 5 2 ÈÊ·ÓÂÈ·Î ÁÂÈÔ) 1 2 4 5 3 Þ Ô‡Ï· 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 8 4 46 1 ¶Ôχ „ËÏ ù ˜ (·ÚÈÔ˜ Þ ÎÈ¿ ( ú ÛÔ¯Ô‡˜ Þ Â È¿ 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 8 4 42 3 æËÏ ù ù ù ÁÂÈÔ) 3 ™ÙÚ·Ù ù ÁÈ· 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 6 4 35 10 æËÏ ÓÂÚÔ ( ÁÂÈÔ) 2 3 4 3 2 4 3 6 5 32 15 ª¤ÙÚÈÔ ˜ 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 4 4 26 19 ª¤ÙÚÈÔ Þ Þ Þ Þ Þ Ú›‰È· ( È¿Ù˘ 4 4 5 5 4 3 3 8 4 40 4 æËÏ ù ¤‰Â˜ 2 2 4 4 3 4 4 8 3 34 13 ª¤ÙÚÈÔ / ù ù õ ÏË ÃÚ ÏÔÁË̤ÓË 4 1 3 5 3 Þ ÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ §›ÌÓ˘) 5 4 4 4 5 Þ ÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ªÈÙÛÂÚÔ‡ 5 2 5 3 3 ÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ù · ÈÓÔ‡Û· (·ÓÔÈÎÙ‹˜ ·Ï·‚·Û ÔÎÎÈÓ ÔÎÎÈÓ ÈÓÔ‡Û· ÔÎÎÈÓÔ ÏÂÛÙ ÁÚÔÎË ÚÔ‡ÏÏÔÈ 3 3 1 1 3 4 4 8 3 30 18 ª¤ÙÚÈÔ ∂ µÚ¤ÙÛÈ·∫ 2 1 2 5 3 4 4 8 5 34 12 ª¤ÙÚÈÔ ∂ ¯ÒÚÔ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÂ›Ô ∫ ÂÎÛηʋ˜ (Uncle Charles)¶Ï·ÙȤ˜ (Â Î·È 1 3 4 5 3 3 3 6 5 33 14 ª¤ÙÚÈÔ ªÂÌ›™È¿∫ ∫ 4 4 3 4 4 4 5 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 6 8 4 3 37 37 7 8 æËÏ æËÏ ¶ÂÚÈÛÙÂÚο-¶È ∆ ∞ ¶¤ÙÚ· ( ∂ µ·ÛÈÏÈÎÔ‡∫ 1 2 5 2 3 ∂ ∫ §·ÓÙ¿ÚÈ· 1 ™ÙÚ·Ù ·Î ª·ÁηϤÓË 4 3 4 2 2 2 1 2 1 21 23 ª· ª·‡ÚË ™ ( §›ÌÓË∞ ª· ¶ 5 3 3 4 5 5 5 8 5 43 2 ¶Ôχ æËÏ ∫ ªÂÙ·ÏÏÂ›Ô ª¤ÁÂ
54 ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ - Geological Survey Department
∂ÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ∫À¶ƒπ∞∫∏∫À¶ƒπ∞∫∏ ¢∏ª√∫ƒ∞∆π∞¢∏ª√∫ƒ∞∆π∞ À¶√Àƒ°∂π√À¶√Àƒ°∂π√ °∂øƒ°π∞™,°∂øƒ°π∞™, ºÀ™π∫ø¡ºÀ™π∫ø¡ ¶√ƒø¡¶√ƒø¡ REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS ∫∞π∫∞π ¶∂ƒπµ∞§§√¡∆√™¶∂ƒπµ∞§§√¡∆√™ ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ MINISTRYMINISTRY OFOF AGRICULTURE,AGRICULTURE, NATURALNATURAL RESOURCESRESOURCES ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ÁÚ·Ê›ˆÓ: ANDAND ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT §Â‡ÎˆÓÔ˜ 1, 2064 ™ÙÚfi‚ÔÏÔ˜, §Â˘ÎˆÛ›·, ∫‡ÚÔ˜ ∆ËÏ.: +357-22409213, º·Í: +357-22316873 ∏ÏÂÎÙÚ. Ù·¯˘‰ÚÔÌ›Ô: [email protected] πÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰·: http://www.moa.gov.cy/gsd ∆·¯˘‰ÚÔÌÈ΋ ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË: ∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ 1415 §Â˘ÎˆÛ›· ∫‡ÚÔ˜
Geological Survey Department Physical address: 1 Lefkonos Street, 2064 Strovolos, Lefkosia, Cyprus Tel.: +357-22409213, Fax: +357-22316873 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.moa.gov.cy/gsd ∆ª∏ª∞∆ª∏ª∞ °∂ø§√°π∫∏™°∂ø§√°π∫∏™ ∂¶π™∫√¶∏™∏™∂¶π™∫√¶∏™∏™ Mailing address: ∂∆∏™π∞ ∂∫£∂™∏ 2009 Geological Survey Department 1415 Lefkosia Cyprus
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∆Ì‹Ì· °ÂˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂ÈÛÎfiËÛ˘ Geological GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT Survey Department ANNUAL REPORT 2009
°.∆.¶./PIO/345/2010-1.500 ISSN 1986-0374 ∂ΉfiıËΠ·fi ÙÔ °Ú·ÊÂ›Ô ∆‡Ô˘ Î·È ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ Published by the Press and Information Office
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