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Promotion of Hybrid Rice in Northeast Luzon:Social, Technical &Policy Issues,Constraints and Prospects

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Promotion of Hybrid Rice in Northeast Luzon:Social, Technical &Policy Issues,Constraints and Prospects Philippine Journal of Crop Science (PJCS) August 2005, 30(2): 47-54 Copyright 2005, Crop Science Society of the Philippines Released 19 June 2005 PROMOTION OF HYBRID RICE IN NORTHEAST LUZON: SOCIAL, TECHNICAL & POLICY ISSUES, CONSTRAINTS AND PROSPECTS MG GASPAR1, RS AGBAYANI, EL DUPITAS, RP ESCOBAR, JM FERNANDEZ, FM MALABANAN & ED REDOÑA2 PhilRice Hybrid Rice Center Researchers, 1 Program Leader, Technology Promotion Department, and 2 Program Leader Hybrid Rice. Paper presented at the 31st CSSP Annual Scientific Conference on 2-7 May 2000 at Batac, Ilocos Norte Hybrid rice promotion is being conducted within the four provinces of Region 2 (Cagayan, Isabela, Quirino & Nueva Vizcaya) and three provinces of Cordillera Autonomous Region (Kalinga, Apayao & Ifugao) starting 1997. The aim is to promote hybrid rice in at least 25% of the 480,000 ha of irrigated rice lands in Northeast Luzon within 5 years. This is done through training, linkages or collaboration, on-farm and media demonstration of the results of research and development undertaken by collaborating agencies. Based on past technology demonstrations (techno-demos) of F1 hybrid rice, the highest yield was experienced in Camalaniugan, Cagayan during the dry season (DS) of 1999 with 12.40 tons/ha, while the best inbred attained a much lower yield of 8 tons/ha. In a 10-ha hybrid compact techno-demo in San Mateo, Isabela, the average yields were 6.85 tons/ha for hybrid rice and 4.00 tons/ha for inbred rice. This potential of hybrid rice to yield much higher than inbred rice has been expected to facilitate the full take-off of the hybrid rice program in Northeast Luzon. However, it is still moving at a snail pace. This is due to the inadequate seed support system which is brought about by several political, social and technological issues. To break through these issues and constraints, PhilRice Hybrid Rice Center (PHC) together with Department of Agriculture-Regional Field Unit 2/Cordillera Autonomous Region Field Unit (DA-RFU 2/CARFU), state colleges and universities (SCUs), local government units (LGUs), non-government organizations (NGOs), Agricultural Training Institutes (ATI), Cagayan Valley Agricultural Resources and Research Development (CVARRD) and farmer-partners in the area, tried to evolve a model/s for specific areas/culture that could lead to the development of a strong seed program on hybrid rice. With the unified efforts of the collaborators, the area planted for F1 hybrid seed production increased four times from 15 ha to 71 ha. Likewise, from a meager 16 ha area cultivated for hybrid rice commercial production during the 1999 dry season, the area was increased to 80 ha in 2000 DS. The yield potential of hybrid rice, its economic viability and other advantages over inbred rice were showcased using the multimedia approach for faster dissemination of hybrid technology. Based on observations, the usual 3-5 day training program was not enough for farmers to internalize the mechanism of hybrid seed production. This was manifested by the frequent calls for PHC staff to provide technical assistance in almost all aspects of hybrid seed production. In response, a season-long training on hybrid rice seed production was developed and conducted/organized in all provinces covered by the PHC. Some 300 farmers and LGU technicians have participated in this program. hybrid rice, inbred rice, multi-media approach, season-long training, seed program, technical assistance, techno-demo, technology advance, technology demonstration INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUNDER the Philippines. The agency has considered the technology of paramount importance so much so that it converted the As the population of the country increases at 2.5% a year PhilRice San Mateo branch station into the Philippine Hybrid and the rice farm area decreases at 12.8% a year, the battle for Rice Center in 1998. food goes on. Rice, being the staple food in the country, must While other regions of the country are experiencing rice be always available in a stable manner to feed the ever-growing deficits, Northeast Luzon (NEL) has a sufficiency level of population and increase the real income of most farmers. 185.71%. The hybrid area in NEL is composed of four Improving rice productivity should be sped up since the country provinces (Cagayan, Isabela, Quirino, Nueva Vizcaya) of is also experiencing a 10,000-ha decline in its prime agricultural Region 2 and three provinces (Kalinga, Apayao and Ifugao) of lands every year due to excessive land conversion brought Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR). It has a total irrigated about by urbanization and industrialization, as the data gathered area of 480,000 ha. It is clear that a rice surplus is being by Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) shows. experienced in NEL; however, the average rice production in PhilRice is tasked with promoting the hybrid rice technology in farmers’ fields is still 3.55 tons/ha, which is considered low compared to experimental yields that reach up to 12 tons/ha. rice industry in the country. These technologies are promoted With hybrid rice, the aim is to increase the average rice through training, field and media demonstrations. These have yield by at least 15%. That translates into at least P6,000 more resulted in wider adoption of the hybrid rice technology. than inbred rice when it comes to grain production, or P40,000 more than inbred rice when it comes to seed production. CURRENT STATUS AND ACTIVITIES OF So far, hybrid rice technology in the Philippines has PHILRICE HYBRID RICE CENTER produced two cultivars: Magat (PSB Rc26H) and Mestizo (PSB Rc72H). Both have been bred by the International Rice At the PhilRice Hybrid Rice Center (PHC) at present, 44.17 Research Institute (IRRI). Magat is early maturing at 110 days ha are devoted to hybrid rice commercial production and 37.86 while Mestizo is medium-maturing at 123 days. Magat was ha to seed production. This achievement has been realized with released in 1994, Mestizo in 1997; the national hybrid rice the existence in the national setup of an efficient extension program was launched in 1998. system, of which training, field and media demonstrations are Promotion started in selected provinces that had already major components. To sustain the efforts, the collaborating attained high yields in rice, had large irrigated or potentially agencies try to perform competently their technical tasks and at irrigable areas, and possessed favorable growing environment: the same time adapt the promotion of the technology to the Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, Camarines Sur, Bohol, Davao social and cultural contexts by knowing first of all the needs and del Sur, Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Maguindanao, problems of rice farmers. Technology must meet the needs of Lanao del Norte, and Iloilo. Regions 2 and 11 were the first to the farmers. Keeping this principle in mind can expedite the accept hybrid rice. adoption of hybrid rice technology and result in higher This was done to offer a viable option in increasing rice production and income of farmers. yields of farmers beyond the level of inbred varieties. A total of The package of technology for hybrid rice in Northeast 8 farmer-cooperators from different municipalities of Isabela Luzon is being promoted through training, media and on-farm devoted 1000 m2 of their rice area for the initial F1 hybrid rice demonstration supported with working linkages or technology demonstration (techno-demo) in NEL. This first collaboration established with government, non-government attempt of PhilRice Hybrid Rice Center (formerly PhilRice agencies and private entities. At the same time, the concepts Cagayan Valley Experiment Station) attained an average yield behind hybrid rice technology are communicated nationwide of 7.70 tons/ha while the best inbred recorded a yield of only 5 and locally to farmers, policy-makers, LGUs, SCUs and other tons/ha. Eventually, farmers were convinced that they too could stakeholders of the rice industry for them to gain awareness and attain the higher yield potential of hybrid rice. Thus the area for be encouraged to eventually engage themselves in the business hybrid rice for the second techno-demo increased to 15 ha. of hybrid rice. The techno-demo yield for Magat was 5.8 tons/ha, or 15% higher than the best inbred rice. Subsequently, Magat was A. Research and development introduced at Mambabanga, Luna, Isabela during the dry PhilRice began to conduct and supervise small-scale on- season of 1998. The first planting was participated by 28 farm seed production activities in NEL in 1993. cooperators with their belief that they would attain a higher In hybrid rice seed production, a seed yield of 1 ton/ha is yield than their conventional variety. However, this belief was considered the profitability threshold. Mestizo A/R seed changed to sighs as they were disappointed with the yield of production plots yielded 1.7 tons/ha in the 1997 dry season and Magat at 4.1 tons/ha and Mestizo at 6.4/ha while the best inbred 2.3 tons/ha in the 1998 dry season. yielded 5.8 tons/ha. Theory did not translate into practice. This The PHC with its partners are continuously generating incident for Magat hybrid was attributed to the temperature and practical approaches in increasing rice productivity levels by growing conditions. Magat’s pollen fertility was only 70%. conducting and continuing research activities. Twenty-six (26) Under weather stress like the cold weather during the dry studies on different aspects of hybrid rice are presently being season, as experienced in Isabela at that time, pollen fertility conducted on-farm and on-station. These include 3 studies in dropped to 30-40%, which adversely affected the seed-setting the field of Social Science and Policy Research, 4 studies on of Magat.
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