Una Fundamentaci´On De La Historia De Las Matem´Aticas
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“Gödel's Modernism: on Set-Theoretic Incompleteness,” Revisited
“G¨odel'sModernism: on Set-Theoretic Incompleteness," revisited∗ Mark van Atten and Juliette Kennedy As to problems with the answer Yes or No, the con- viction that they are always decidable remains un- touched by these results. —G¨odel Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Questions of incompleteness On Friday, November 15, 1940, Kurt G¨odelgave a talk on set theory at Brown University.1 The topic was his recent proof of the consistency of Cantor's Con- tinuum Hypothesis, henceforth CH,2 with the axiomatic system for set theory ZFC.3 His friend from their days in Vienna, Rudolf Carnap, was in the audience, and afterward wrote a note to himself in which he raised a number of questions on incompleteness:4 (Remarks I planned to make, but did not) Discussion on G¨odel'slecture on the Continuum Hypothesis, November 14,5 1940 There seems to be a difference: between the undecidable propo- sitions of the kind of his example [i.e., 1931] and propositions such as the Axiom of Choice, and the Axiom of the Continuum [CH ]. We used to ask: \When these two have been decided, is then everything decided?" (The Poles, Tarski I think, suspected that this would be the case.) Now we know that (on the basis of the usual finitary rules) there will always remain undecided propositions. ∗An earlier version of this paper appeared as ‘G¨odel'smodernism: on set-theoretic incom- pleteness', Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal, 25(2), 2004, pp.289{349. Erratum facing page of contents in 26(1), 2005. 1 1. Can we nevertheless still ask an analogous question? I.e. -
Georg Kreisel Papers SC0136
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt4k403759 No online items Guide to the Georg Kreisel Papers SC0136 Daniel Hartwig & Jenny Johnson Department of Special Collections and University Archives October 2010 Green Library 557 Escondido Mall Stanford 94305-6064 [email protected] URL: http://library.stanford.edu/spc Note This encoded finding aid is compliant with Stanford EAD Best Practice Guidelines, Version 1.0.This encoded finding aid is compliant with Stanford EAD Best Practice Guidelines, Version 1.0. Guide to the Georg Kreisel Papers SC0136 1 SC0136 Language of Material: English Contributing Institution: Department of Special Collections and University Archives Title: Georg Kreisel papers creator: Kreisel, Georg Identifier/Call Number: SC0136 Physical Description: 24.75 Linear Feet Date (inclusive): 1957-1984 Language of Material: English Language of Material: English Abstract: Correspondence with professional colleagues, collaborators, students, and others, primarily from 1962 to 1984, lecture notes, manuscripts and other writings. Ownership & Copyright All requests to reproduce, publish, quote from, or otherwise use collection materials must be submitted in writing to the Head of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, California 94304-6064. Consent is given on behalf of Special Collections as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission from the copyright owner. Such permission must be obtained from the copyright owner, heir(s) or assigns. See: http://library.stanford.edu/depts/spc/pubserv/permissions.html. Restrictions also apply to digital representations of the original materials. Use of digital files is restricted to research and educational purposes. Biographical/Historical Sketch Professor of Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics at Stanford University. -
Em Caixa Alta
Revista Brasileira de História da Matemática - Vol. 4 no 7 (abril/2004 - setembro/2004 ) - pág. 79 - 87 Ensaio/Resenha Publicação Oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de História da Matemática ISSN 1519-955X ENSAIO/RESENHA ESCREVENDO A HISTÓRIA DA MATEMÁTICA: SEU DESENVOLVIMENTO HISTÓRICO Sergio Nobre Unesp - Brasil (aceito para publicação em janeiro de 2004) Dauben, Joseph W. & Scriba, Christoph J. (ed.). Writing the History of Mathematics: Its Historical Development. Basel, Boston, Berlin: Birkhäuser Verlag. 2002. Science Networks – Historical Studies Volume 27. Pp. xxxvii + 689, ISBN 3-7643-6166-2 (Hardcover) ISBN 3-7643-6167-0 (Softcover). O tema abordado neste livro merece mais do que uma simples resenha, é uma excelente oportunidade para divulgar aos leitores em língua portuguesa um pouco sobre a história do movimento internacional de institucionalização da área de investigação científica em História da Matemática. Para iniciar, vale ressaltar três nomes que aparecem em destaque nas primeiras páginas do livro, e que possuem extrema relevância para o movimento internacional da escrita da História da Matemática: International Commission on the History of Mathematics, a Comissão International de História da Matemática, que deu o suporte científico para a edição do livro; Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, o Instituto de Pesquisa em Matemática de Oberwolfach, ao qual o livro é dedicado. O terceiro nome é de uma pessoa, Kenneth O. May, em cuja memória o livro também é dedicado. Um pouco da história sobre estas três autoridades da movimento internacional de pesquisa em História da Matemática representa um importante subsídio para a apresentação do livro Writing the History of Mathematics: Ist Historical Development. RBHM, Vol. -
Kreisel and Wittgenstein
Kreisel and Wittgenstein Akihiro Kanamori September 17, 2018 Georg Kreisel (15 September 1923 { 1 March 2015) was a formidable math- ematical logician during a formative period when the subject was becoming a sophisticated field at the crossing of mathematics and logic. Both with his technical sophistication for his time and his dialectical engagement with man- dates, aspirations and goals, he inspired wide-ranging investigation in the meta- mathematics of constructivity, proof theory and generalized recursion theory. Kreisel's mathematics and interactions with colleagues and students have been memorably described in Kreiseliana ([Odifreddi, 1996]). At a different level of interpersonal conceptual interaction, Kreisel during his life time had extended engagement with two celebrated logicians, the mathematical Kurt G¨odeland the philosophical Ludwig Wittgenstein. About G¨odel,with modern mathemat- ical logic palpably emanating from his work, Kreisel has reflected and written over a wide mathematical landscape. About Wittgenstein on the other hand, with an early personal connection established Kreisel would return as if with an anxiety of influence to their ways of thinking about logic and mathematics, ever in a sort of dialectic interplay. In what follows we draw this out through his published essays|and one letter|both to elicit aspects of influence in his own terms and to set out a picture of Kreisel's evolving thinking about logic and mathematics in comparative relief.1 As a conceit, we divide Kreisel's engagements with Wittgenstein into the \early", \middle", and \later" Kreisel, and account for each in successive sec- tions. x1 has the \early" Kreisel directly interacting with Wittgenstein in the 1940s and initial work on constructive content of proofs. -
Georg Kreisel Correspondence with Jean Van Heijenoort
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c84q7wxh No online items Guide to the Georg Kreisel Correspondence with Jean van Heijenoort Daniel Hartwig Stanford University. Libraries.Department of Special Collections and University Archives Stanford, California October 2010 Copyright © 2015 The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. Note This encoded finding aid is compliant with Stanford EAD Best Practice Guidelines, Version 1.0. Guide to the Georg Kreisel SC0233 1 Correspondence with Jean van Heijenoort Overview Call Number: SC0233 Creator: Kreisel, Georg, 1923- Title: Georg Kreisel correspondence with Jean van Heijenoort Dates: 1949-1981 Physical Description: 6 Linear feet Summary: Correspondence, notes, memoranda, articles and other materials by Professor Georg Kreisel, sent to his colleague, Professor J. van Heijenoort of Harvard University. Includes some correspondence with other colleagues. Language(s): The materials are in English. Repository: Department of Special Collections and University Archives Green Library 557 Escondido Mall Stanford, CA 94305-6064 Email: [email protected] Phone: (650) 725-1022 URL: http://library.stanford.edu/spc Gift of J. van Heijenoort, 1981. Information about Access This collection is open for research. Ownership & Copyright All requests to reproduce, publish, quote from, or otherwise use collection materials must be submitted in writing to the Head of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, California 94304-6064. Consent is given on behalf of Special Collections as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission from the copyright owner. Such permission must be obtained from the copyright owner, heir(s) or assigns. -
An Interview with Martin Davis
Notices of the American Mathematical Society ISSN 0002-9920 ABCD springer.com New and Noteworthy from Springer Geometry Ramanujan‘s Lost Notebook An Introduction to Mathematical of the American Mathematical Society Selected Topics in Plane and Solid Part II Cryptography May 2008 Volume 55, Number 5 Geometry G. E. Andrews, Penn State University, University J. Hoffstein, J. Pipher, J. Silverman, Brown J. Aarts, Delft University of Technology, Park, PA, USA; B. C. Berndt, University of Illinois University, Providence, RI, USA Mediamatics, The Netherlands at Urbana, IL, USA This self-contained introduction to modern This is a book on Euclidean geometry that covers The “lost notebook” contains considerable cryptography emphasizes the mathematics the standard material in a completely new way, material on mock theta functions—undoubtedly behind the theory of public key cryptosystems while also introducing a number of new topics emanating from the last year of Ramanujan’s life. and digital signature schemes. The book focuses Interview with Martin Davis that would be suitable as a junior-senior level It should be emphasized that the material on on these key topics while developing the undergraduate textbook. The author does not mock theta functions is perhaps Ramanujan’s mathematical tools needed for the construction page 560 begin in the traditional manner with abstract deepest work more than half of the material in and security analysis of diverse cryptosystems. geometric axioms. Instead, he assumes the real the book is on q- series, including mock theta Only basic linear algebra is required of the numbers, and begins his treatment by functions; the remaining part deals with theta reader; techniques from algebra, number theory, introducing such modern concepts as a metric function identities, modular equations, and probability are introduced and developed as space, vector space notation, and groups, and incomplete elliptic integrals of the first kind and required. -
Locally Cartesian Closed Categories, Coalgebras, and Containers
U.U.D.M. Project Report 2013:5 Locally cartesian closed categories, coalgebras, and containers Tilo Wiklund Examensarbete i matematik, 15 hp Handledare: Erik Palmgren, Stockholms universitet Examinator: Vera Koponen Mars 2013 Department of Mathematics Uppsala University Contents 1 Algebras and Coalgebras 1 1.1 Morphisms .................................... 2 1.2 Initial and terminal structures ........................... 4 1.3 Functoriality .................................... 6 1.4 (Co)recursion ................................... 7 1.5 Building final coalgebras ............................. 9 2 Bundles 13 2.1 Sums and products ................................ 14 2.2 Exponentials, fibre-wise ............................. 18 2.3 Bundles, fibre-wise ................................ 19 2.4 Lifting functors .................................. 21 2.5 A choice theorem ................................. 22 3 Enriching bundles 25 3.1 Enriched categories ................................ 26 3.2 Underlying categories ............................... 29 3.3 Enriched functors ................................. 31 3.4 Convenient strengths ............................... 33 3.5 Natural transformations .............................. 41 4 Containers 45 4.1 Container functors ................................ 45 4.2 Natural transformations .............................. 47 4.3 Strengths, revisited ................................ 50 4.4 Using shapes ................................... 53 4.5 Final remarks ................................... 56 i Introduction -
“YOU MUST REMEMBER THIS” Abraham (“Abe”) Edel
MATERIAL FOR “YOU MUST REMEMBER THIS” Abraham (“Abe”) Edel (6 December 1908 – 22 June 2007) “Twenty-Seven Uses of Science in Ethics,” 7/2/67 Abraham Edel, In Memoriam, by Peter Hare and Guy Stroh Abraham Edel, 1908-2007 Abraham Edel was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on December 6, 1908. Raised in Yorkton, Canada with his older brother Leon who would become a biographer of Henry James, Edel studied Classics and Philosophy at McGill University, earning a BA in 1927 and an MA in 1928. He continued his education at Oxford where, as he recalled, “W.D. Ross and H.A. Prichard were lecturing in ethics, H.W.B. Joseph on Plato, and the influence of G. E. Moore and Bertrand Russell extended from Cambridge. Controversy on moral theory was high. The same was true of epistemology, where Prichard posed realistic epistemology against Harold Joachim who was defending Bradley and Bosanquet against the metaphysical realism of Cook Wilson.” He received a BA in Litterae Humaniores from Oxford in 1930. In that year he moved to New York City for doctoral studies at Columbia University, and in 1931 began teaching at City College, first as an assistant to Morris Raphael Cohen. F.J.E. Woodbridge directed his Columbia dissertation, Aristotle’s Theory of the Infinite (1934). This monograph and two subsequent books on Aristotle were influenced by Woodbridge’s interpretation of Aristotle as a philosophical naturalist. Although his dissertation concerned ancient Greek philosophy, he was much impressed by research in the social sciences at Columbia, and the teaching of Cohen at City College showed him how philosophical issues lay at the root of the disciplines of psychology, sociology, history, as well as the natural sciences. -
In Praise of Quaternions
IN PRAISE OF QUATERNIONS JOACHIM LAMBEK With an appendix on the algebra of biquaternions Michael Barr Abstract. This is a survey of some of the applications of quaternions to physics in the 20th century. In the first half century, an elegant presentation of Maxwell's equations and special relativity was achieved with the help of biquaternions, that is, quaternions with complex coefficients. However, a quaternionic derivation of Dirac's celebrated equation of the electron depended on the observation that all 4 × 4 real matrices can be generated by quaternions and their duals. On examine quelques applications des quaternions `ala physique du vingti`emesi`ecle.Le premier moiti´edu si`ecleavait vu une pr´esentation ´el´egantes des equations de Maxwell et de la relativit´e specialle par les quaternions avec des coefficients complexes. Cependant, une d´erivation de l'´equationc´el`ebrede Dirac d´ependait sur l'observation que toutes les matrices 4 × 4 r´eelles peuvent ^etre gener´eespar les representations reguli`eresdes quaternions. 1. Prologue. This is an expository article attempting to acquaint algebraically inclined readers with some basic notions of modern physics, making use of Hamilton's quaternions rather than the more sophisticated spinor calculus. While quaternions play almost no r^olein mainstream physics, they afford a quick entry into the world of special relativity and allow one to formulate the Maxwell-Lorentz theory of electro-magnetism and the Dirac equation of the electron with a minimum of mathematical prerequisites. Marginally, quaternions even give us a glimpse of the Feynman diagrams appearing in the standard model. As everyone knows, quaternions were invented (discovered?) by William Rowan Hamilton. -
From Rules of Grammar to Laws of Nature
From rules of grammar to laws of nature Joachim Lambek McGill University, Montreal December 3, 2013 Abstract We look at questions debated by pre-Socratic philosophers, emphasize their linguistic motivation and point out attempted answers by modern physics. We pursue a math- ematical treatment of the syntax and morphology of natural languages, investigate the foundations of mathematics and speculate about a quaternionic approach to special rela- tivistic quantum mechanics. 0 Introduction Many questions about the nature of the world are concealed in our language, even if we are not always aware of the hidden linguistic assumptions. I believe that most, if not all philosophi- cal investigations are motivated by reflections on the structure of language. For example, the intense debate by pre-Socratic philosophers whether matter is continuous or discrete is antici- pated by grammatical distinctions, still revealed by those between mass nouns and count nouns in English. Modern physics seems to have resolved this question in favour of the latter, although there still is some disagreement about the nature of space and time, as already discussed by the Greek philosopher Zeno. As far as we know, language was invented between fifty and a hundred thousand years ago by a small group of humanoid primates in Africa, allowing them to spread over the whole globe and grow to several billions in number. It is believed by some experts that all present day languages have a common origin. Modern English is a member of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family of lan- guages, which stretch all the way from Iceland to Ceylon and are still recognizably related. -
Categorical Semantics for Dynamically Typed Languages, Notes for History of Programming Languages, 2017
Categorical Semantics for Dynamically Typed Languages, Notes for History of Programming Languages, 2017 Max S. New, Northeastern University April 30, 2017 Abstract These are the notes for a talk I gave for Matthias Felleisen's History of Programming Languages class. I've tried to avoid recounting detailed descriptions of category theory and domain theory here, which I think the cited papers themselves did a good job of doing. Instead, I've tried to take advantage of the connections between syntax and category theory to reframe some of the results in these papers as syntactic translations, especially the theorems in 4, 7. 1 Historical Overview In 1969, Dana Scott wrote a paper in which he said untyped lambda calculus had no mathematical meaning (Scott [1993]), 11 years later he wrote a paper that organized many of the different semantics he and others had since found using the language of category theory (Scott [1980]). This latter paper is really the first deserving of the title \categorical semantics of dynamic typing", and so I'm going to present some of the theorems and \theorems" presented in that paper, but mingled with the history of the idea and the preceding papers that led to them. In Figure 1 we have a very skeletal timeline: On the left are some founda- tional categorical logic papers, on the right are some seminal semantics papers by Dana Scott that we'll go over in some detail throughout this article. I drew them in parallel, but it is clear that there was interaction between the sides, for instance Scott says he received a suggestion by Lawvere in Scott [1972]. -
Spring 2015 — Volume 21, No 1 — Le Centre De Recherches Mathématiques
C CENTRE R DE RECHERCHES Le Bulletin M MATHÉMATIQUES Printemps/Spring 2015 — Volume 21, No 1 — Le Centre de recherches mathématiques A conversation with Marco Bertola (Concordia), Robert Bran- type IIb string theory on AdS 5, and N = 4 Super Yang–Mills denberger (McGill), John Harnad (Concordia) and Johannes theory. Walcher (McGill) on December 8, 2014. Integrability, which is our third theme, has also been play- ing a role in mathematical investigations of string theory Bulletin: Can you elaborate on the theme of the semester? for a long time: its role in the AdS/CFT correspondence J. Walcher [JW]: Our semester has a 3-pronged theme: it’s emerged around 2004, and has been playing an increasing called AdS/CFT, holography and integrability, and I’ll start role in the quantitative development of the correspondence. trying to explain what AdS/CFT is. AdS/CFT stands for That is what our semester is about: it’s the intersection of the Anti–de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory correspondence. It AdS/CFT correspondence as a holographic duality, and inte- was the last of the major dualities discovered in the wake of grable methods as far as they are relevant to the AdS/CFT the second super string revolution of the mid-1990s, and it correspondence. plays a rather special role in the web of dualities. First of all it’s not a duality between two different string theories or two I will let Robert take it from here. different field theories, but rather it involves an equivalence RB: I will start from the physicist’s point of view, and in par- between, on the one side, a theory of quantum gravity, string ticular from the point of view of someone interested in gravity theory, and on the other side a more standard, although very and cosmology.