Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19060-3 — Young People and the Future of News Lynn Schofield Clark , Regina Marchi Index More Information

Home , Black Twitter, Philip DeFranco

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Action in connective journalism, 75 –76 Apathy, 25 – 26 Activism. See Youth activism Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 197 Adams, John, 90 Arendt, Hannah, 37, 40 – 41 , 227n. 24 Adler, Ben, 101 Artifacts of political engagement “Adultism,” 144 overview, 49 , 113 – 114 Advertising, loss of revenue, 68, 234n. 36 in Ferguson protests, 127 – 129 Advocacy citizen journalism, 141 , 146 in “No Eastie Casino” movement, 132 , Advocacy in connective journalism, 75– 76 166 – 167 Affective publics, 117 – 119 proto-political behavior and, 128 African- Americans on social media, 128 Black Lives Matter ( See Black Lives texting and, 127 Matter ) “Astroturfi ng,” 187 disillusionment with journalism Audience among, 66 as problem in legacy journalism, “public sphere” and, 114 – 115 57 , 62 – 66 risks facing them, 26 for youth citizen journalism, 143 Twitter and, 122 – 123 Aufderheide, Patricia, 100 youth activism among, 122 – 123 Authority problem in legacy journalism, Agonistic democracy, 115 , 186 57 , 60 – 62 , 77 – 78 Ahva, Laura, 6 Avoiding Politics (Eliasoph), 39– 40 , 56 Alexander, Jeffrey, 33 , 46 Algorithms, role in social media, 178 –180 Bauman, Zygmunt, 10 The Alhambra Source, 139 – 140 Baym, Geoffrey, 77 – 78 , 88 – 89 Al Jazeera, 238n. 24 Baym, Nancy, 28 – 29 Allan, Stuart, 49 Beck, Glenn, 185 , 197 Alternative news sources, 182 – 185 Beck, Ulrich, 194 Althusserian Marxism, 196 Bennett, W. Lance, 10 , 35 , 36, 56, 60 – 61 , “alt right,” 177 82 , 117 Ambient news, 6 Benson, Rodney, xi , 226n. 2 Analytical skills, critical media literacy and, Berger, Peter, 37 100 – 103 Black Lives Matter. See also Ferguson Anderson, Chris, 62 protests Anonymous, 12 overview, 2 , 110 – 111 , 166 – 167 , 185

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19060-3 — Young People and the Future of News Lynn Schofield Clark , Regina Marchi Index More Information

294

294 Index

Black Lives Matter (cont.) community or grassroots citizen counterpublics and, 118 journalism, 141 , 145 – 146 origins of, 120 – 121 defi ned, 139 social media and, 121 , 122 examples of, 139 – 140 sources of news for, 121 focus on youth as citizens versus profi t youth citizenship and, 26 – 27 generators, 168 “Black public,” 121 – 122 skepticism regarding, 140 – 141 “Black Twitter,” 122 – 123 variants of, 141 Boczkowski, Pablo, 31, 215n. 17 , 224n. youth citizen journalism ( see Youth 53, 225n. 63, 225n. 64, 233n. 22 citizen journalism ) Boltanski, Luc, 194 Citizenship Borden, Sandra, 89 civic republican tradition, 23 Boredom with legacy journalism, 70 –71 critical citizenship, 42 – 46 Boucher, Geoff, 196 , 259n. 86 “do-it- yourself- citizenship,” 194 – 195 Bowman, Shayne, 139 “dutiful citizen” model, 10, 95 – 96 boyd, danah, 47 “informed citizen” model, 10, 20 – 21 , 58 , Boyer, Robert, 259n. 86 194 – 195 “Bridging the Gap” (Denver), 148 – 153 liberal individualist tradition, 23 – 24 Brock, Andre, 122 news and, 10 “Brogrammer effect,” 178 youth citizenship ( see Youth citizenship ) Brown, Michael, 2 , 120 , 125, 126 , Civic engagement. See also Participation 148 , 247n. 46 . See also Black as “lifestyle choice,” 194 – 195 Lives Matter social media and, 11 , 28 Bruns, Axel, 5 , 45 , 79 – 80 youth- oriented journalism, 101 , 138 Buber, Martin, 38 , 39 , 42 – 43 , 193 Civic media, 76 – 77 Buckingham, David, 51 – 52 , 100 Civic Media: Technology, Design, Practice Bus fares (MIT Center for Civic Media), 76 in Denver, 153 – 161 Civic online reasoning, 6 – 7 Digital Media Club and, 153 – 161 Civic republican tradition of citizenship, 23 in Los Angeles, 251n. 43 Clampitt, Robert, 85 , 86 youth citizen journalism and, 153 –161 Clark, Lynn Schofi eld, , 2 73, 123 – 124 , Business model problem in legacy 145 , 146 – 147 , 149 , 150 – 151 , 158 , journalism, 57 , 67 – 70 159 . See also Empirical research Buzzfeed, 48 , 82 , 187 Clinton, Hillary, 8 , 30 , 62 – 63 , 78 , 118 , 196 CNN, 5, 14, 29 , 68 , 103 Cammarota, Julio, 201 Coates, Ta- Nehisi, 122 Campbell, Christopher, 75 Coding, role in social media, 178 – 180 Carey, James, 20 – 21 Cogan, Brian, 90 Carpentier, Nico, 83 , 106, 107 – 108 , 166 Cohen, Cathy, 8 – 9 , 51 Censorship, 98 The Colbert Report (television show), 87 , Center for Media Literacy, 101 88 , 89 , 93 , 96 – 97 , 177 , 182 – 183 Chadwick, Andrew, 45 Colorado High School Student Press Channel One News (television program), Association, 240n. 48 85, 86 , 96 – 97 Comedy Central, 79 , 87 Children’s Express (television program), Commission on Freedom of the Press, 59 85 – 86 , 96 – 97 Communication Children’s Pressline, 86 community and, 21 – 23 Chouliaraki, Lilie, 194 as constitutive, 22 – 23 , 36 , 38 Citizen journalism, 139 – 141 . See also and culture, 38 specifi c example disorder and, 38 , 43 advocacy citizen journalism, 141 , 146 intersubjectivity and, 36 – 40

295

Index 295

Montreal School, 22 – 23 , 36 story versus identity in, 14 organization and, 22 – 23 , 36 voice and, 44 political communication theory, 13 youth-oriented journalism and, 81– 82 “public sphere” and, 21 – 22 Connectivity relational approach to ( see Relational intersubjectivity and, 36 – 40 approach to communication ) in social media, 36 – 40 ritual approach to, 220n. 4 Consumerism, youth and, 24 – 25 Toronto School, 237n. 9 Cosmopolitanism, 195 , 196 – 197 “Communication failure,” 43 Costanza-Chock, Sasha, 223n. 44 Community Costera Meijer, Irene, 6 communication and, 21 – 23 Couldry, Nick, 7 , 44 democracy and, 21 – 23 Counterpublics Community citizen journalism, 141, 145 – overview, 16, 112 – 114 , 115 – 117 , 137 , 146 , 190 – 191 166 – 167 Community youth media, 99 – 100 affective publics and, 117 – 119 “Compassion fatigue,” 194 , 258n. 79 agonistic democracy and, 115 Compensatory justice, 196 – 197 artifacts of political engagement and, Concentration of ownership in legacy 113 – 114 journalism, 68 – 69 Black Lives Matter and, 118 Concerns of young people, 4 “Black public,” 121 – 122 Confl ict- driven news, 69 – 70 “Black Twitter,” 122 – 123 Connective action case studies, 120 – 123 affective publics and, 117 connective journalism and, 113 – 114 connective journalism and, 35 – 36, 44 embodied participation and, 115 – 116 Connective journalism Ferguson protests ( see Ferguson overview, 15, 20 , 35 – 36 , 53 – 54, protests ) 164 – 165 “No Eastie Casino” movement, action in, 75 – 76 129 – 133 , 166 – 167 advocacy in, 75 – 76 social media and, 116 – 117 , 135 connective action and, 35 – 36 , 44 “spiral of silence” and, 133 – 135 counterpublics and, 113 – 114 Cox Center (University of Georgia), critical citizenship and, 42 – 46 175 – 176 defi ned, 13 Crawford, Kate, 37 – 38 discord and, 196 – 197 Critical approaches to youth emerging model of, 16 – 17 citizenship, 26 – 27 as emotion-based approach to Critical citizenship, 42 – 46 news, 14 – 15 Critical media literacy expanded news in, 42 – 46 analytical skills and, 100 – 103 “gatewatching” in, 43 – 44 , 45 immigrants and, 104 – 106 “inserting self into the story” in, 46, production skills and, 100 – 103 49 – 50 ( see also Counterpublics ) providing training on social media in “making the story” in, 46 , 51 – 53 , context of, 175 – 178 137 – 138 (see also Youth citizen texting and, 103 journalism ) Critiques of current news, 190 networks and, 35 Cross-curriculum partnerships, 175 political nature of, 44 – 45 Crowd funding, legacy journalism as proto-political, 43 – 44 and, 30 – 31 recommendations regarding (see Cullors, Patrisse, 26 – 27 Recommendations regarding Current TV, 87 , 238n. 24 connective journalism ) Cutler, Aaron, 185 “sharing the story” in, 46 – 49 Cynicism, 25 – 26

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296 Index

Dahlgren, Peter, 75 , 114 , 115 – 116 , 128 , Disclosure, risk and, 229n. 44 141 , 145 – 146 Disconnection, 7 DailyNewsPolitics , 177 Discord, connective journalism and, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart 196 – 197 (television program), 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , Disillusionment with journalism 93, 96 – 97 , 177 , 182 – 183 overview, 7 , 15 – 16 , 55 – 58 , 80 , 165 – 166 , The Daily Show with Trevor Noah 214n. 11 (television program), 183 among African- Americans, 66 Darnton, Robert, 72 – 73 audience problem, 57 , 62 – 66 Davis, Chabot, 258n. 79 authority problem, 57 , 60 – 62 , 77 – 78 “Deep hanging out,” 201 – 202 boredom, 70 – 71 Defi nition of news, 4 – 5 business model problem, 57 , 67 –70 deFinney, Sandra, 123 among immigrants, 65 – 66 Delli Carpini, Michael, 88 –89 irrelevancy, 71 – 72 Democracy among minorities, 65 – 66 agonistic democracy, 115 , 186 storytelling problem, 57 , 70 – 75 community and, 21 – 23 2016 election and, 62 – 63 intersubjectivity and, 40 – 42 usefulness of new stories and, 63 –65 mutuality and, 40 – 42 Disney Media Networks, 29 – 30 , 68 Democratic parenting, 108 Disorder, communication and, 38 , 43 Denver Disruptive technology, social media “Bridging the Gap,” 148 – 153 as, 11 , 28 bus fares in, 153 – 161 Dobelli, Rolf, 71 – 72 Digital Media Club ( see Digital Media Dobson, Andrew, 196 – 197 Club (Denver) ) “Do-it- yourself- citizenship,” 194 – 195 Mile High Connects, 155 , 160 Downie, Leonard, 60 Offi ce of the Independent Monitor Downing, John, 116, 243n. 88 , 244n. 18 (OIM), 149, 151 , 152 , 160 DREAM Act (proposed), 2 , 48 , 105 , Padres y Jovenes Unidos, 146 – 148 , 160 110 – 111 Public Schools, 155 “Dreamers,” 27 Regional Transportation District (RTD), DrudgeReport.com, 29 – 30 153 – 161 Dunbar- Hester, Christina, 231n. 72 DenverGuardian.com, 177 “Dutiful citizen” model, 10 , 95 – 96 Developmental approaches to youth citizenship, 24 – 26 Earl, Jennifer, 231n. 73 Dewey, John, 17 , 21 – 23 , 31 , 40 East Boston Environmental Youth DiEnno, Cara, 145 Crew, 18 – 19 “Digital divide,” 180 – 181 “Echo chambers,” 81 – 82 Digital Media Club (Denver) Educational Video Center “Bridging the Gap” and, 148 –153 (New York), 99 – 100 bus fares and, 153 – 161 Educators, recommendations for Ferguson protests and, 123 – 127 algorithms, discussing role in social Offi ce of the Independent Monitor media, 178 – 180 (OIM) and, 149 , 151 , 152 alternative news sources, discussing, Padres y Jovenes Unidos and, 182 – 185 146 – 148 , 160 coding, discussing role in social media, police relations and, 148 – 153 178 – 180 Regional Transportation District (RTD) community or grassroots citizen and, 153 – 161 journalism, connecting with, youth citizen journalism and, 145 –146 190 – 191 Dimitriadis, Greg, 202 critiques of current news, 190

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cross- curriculum partnerships, connective journalism and, 113 – 114 advocating, 175 connectivity on, 37 “digital divide,” discussing, 180 – 181 counterpublics and, 116 , 135 freedom of speech, protecting, 174 – 175 critical media literacy and, 102 , 103 high school journalism programs, deemphasis of mainstream news on, advocating, 173 – 174 29 – 30 , 31 ideological polarization, discussing, differing uses of, 57 185 – 186 empirical research and, 209 media reform and regulation, discussing, “fake news” and, 30, 178 181 – 182 Ferguson protests and, 124 , 126 privacy, discussing, 187 – 188 “inserting self into the story” on, 49 –50 satirical news programming, discussing, “I-Thou” relationship on, 38 –39 182 – 185 lack of diversity in, 178 – 179 shaping online conversations, raising “No Eastie Casino” movement and, awareness of, 188 – 190 131 – 132 , 133 social media, providing training in piracy and, 182 critical media literacy context, privacy and, 187 175 – 178 school discipline and, 98 sponsored content, discussing, 186– 187 “sharing the story” on, 46 – 49 surveillance, discussing, 187 –188 as source of news, 1 , 3 , 5 , 8 , 29 , 55 – 56 , visioning exercises, 190 61 – 62 , 63 , 93 – 95 Eichmann trial, 227n. 24 “spiral of silence” and, 134 –135 8- 18 Media, 86 sponsored content on, 187 Eisenach, Jeffrey, 255n. 35 youth activism and, 18 , 120 , 135 , 164 Eliasoph, Nina, 39 – 40 , 56 youth citizen journalism and, 158 Elzie, Johnetta, 122 “Fake news.” see also specifi c example “Embedded cosmopolitanism,” 195 “alt right,” 177 Embodied participation, 115 – 116 entertainment versus, 86 – 87 Emerging model of connective journalism, on Facebook, 30 16 – 17. See also Recommendations social media and, 178 regarding connective journalism training regarding, 176 – 178 Emotion-based approach to news, 14 – 15 in 2016 election, 6 Empathy, role of media in, 194 – 195 Federal Communications Commission Empirical research (FCC), 170 – 171 , 181 , 182 , 183, overview, 9 255n. 35 data analysis in, 209 – 211 Fenton, Natalie, 116 , 244n. 18 “deep hanging out” and, 201 – 202 Ferguson protests. See also Black interviews in, 204 – 208 Lives Matter methodological overview, 201 –204 overview, 2 , 247n. 46 Youth Participatory Action Research artifacts of political engagement in, framework of, 208 – 209 127 – 129 Expanded news, 42 – 46 background of, 120 Explanatory journalism, 73 Digital Media Club and, 123 – 127 microaggressions and, 124 – 125 Facebook school walkouts, 125 – 127 algorithms in, 179 Fictional narratives, youth and, 90 – 93 artifacts of political engagement “Filter bubbles,” 81 – 82 on, 128 Fine, Michelle, 201 avoiding politics on, 40 Firestone, Charles, 100 Black Lives Matter and, 121 First Amendment, 58 , 97 – 98 business organization of, 68 Fisherkeller, JoEllen, 101

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298 Index

Flanagan, Constance, 222n. 31 Horst, Heather, 201 Foreman, Murray, 7 Howard, Philip, 11 “Fourth wave,” 11 Human rights, 40 – 42 Fox News Network, 14 , 68, 89 – 90 , 103 , Hussain, Muzammil, 11 185 – 186 Fraser, Nancy, 115 , 117 , 221n. 28 Identity formation, 167 Freedom of speech, 174 – 175 Identity versus story, 14 Freenet, 120 Ideological polarization, 185 – 186 Fusion (website), 82 Iindaba Ziyafi ka Project (South Africa), 143 Gannett (newspaper chain), 29 , 68 “I-It” relationship, 193 Garner, Eric, 125 Immigrants Garza, Alicia, 26 – 27 critical media literacy and, 104 – 106 Gates, Henry Louis, 122 disillusionment with journalism “Gatewatching,” 43 – 44 , 45 , 83 among, 65 – 66 Gay rights. See LGBT issues Individualism, legacy journalism and, 61 Geertz, Clifford, 201 – 202 “Informed citizen” model, 10, 20 – 21 , 58, Gerbaudo, Paulo, 247n. 54 194 – 195 Gershon, Ilana, 226n. 11 , 227n. 14 Ingold, Tim, 202 Gillmor, Dan, 60 “Inserting self into the story,” 46, 49 – 50 . Global Voices, 139 See also Counterpublics Goffman, Erving, 37 Instagram Gonzalez, Juan, 68 – 69 connectivity on, 37 Google, 68 , 178 – 179 , 182 counterpublics and, 135 Gordon, Hava, 25 – 26 , 144 , 201 critical media literacy and, 102 Gordon, Linda, 221n. 28 Ferguson protests and, 124 Grassroots citizen journalism, 141, “I-Thou” relationship on, 38 – 39 145 – 146 , 190 – 191 as source of news, 29 , 82 Gray, Mary, 134 youth activism and, 120 , 135 “Grazers,” 56 Intersubjectivity Greece, aganaktismenoi in, 10 communication and, 36 – 40 Gutierrez, Lorraine M., 142 connectivity and, 36 – 40 democracy and, 40 – 42 Habermas, Jürgen, 37, 114 , 179 , 186 in social media, 36 – 40 , 164 – 165 Hanging Out (Ito, et al.), 237n. 9 Interviews in empirical research, 204 – 208 Hargittai, Eszter, xi , 227n. 22 Investigative journalism Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier historical background, 31 – 33, 59 (1988), 97 – 98 importance of, 73 HBO, 79 , 183 in legacy journalism, 59 Heikkila, Heikki, 6 training youth in, 172 – 173 Henricks, Marina, 189 in youth citizen journalism, 136 –137 Hermida, Alfred , 215n. 17 , 220n. 59 Irrelevancy of legacy journalism, 71 – 72 Herrmann, John, 47 “I- Thou” relationship, 38 –39 , 193 Highfi eld, Tim, 7 – 8 Ito, Mizuko, 46 , 47 , 82 , 201 High school journalism, 96 – 98 , 173 – 174 Hilsum, Lindsey, 75 Jenkins, Henry, 8 , 47 , 52 Hjarvard, Stig, x , 223n. 46, 224n. 47 Jensen, Klaus Bruhn, x, 237n. 9 Ho, Shirley, 134 John Wall New Voices Act (North Dakota), Hobbs, Renee, 100 , 101 174 – 175 Höijer, Brigitta, 258n. 79 Jones, Jeffrey P., 81 , 90 – 91 Hopelessness, 10 – 11 , 25 –26 Journalism. See specifi c topic

299

Index 299

Journalism organizations, historical background, 58 – 60 recommendations for importance of preserving, 31 , 77 citizens, focusing on youth as, 168 individualism and, 61 investigative journalism, training youth investigative journalism in, 59 in, 172 – 173 irrelevancy of, 71 – 72 local community and school news, lack of diversity in, 68 – 69 partnering with, 169 – 171 minorities, negative images of in, 69– 70 news making, training youth in, 171 – 172 “muckraking,” 59 sources of news, cultivating youth as, newspapers ( see Newspapers ) 168 – 169 as public good, 58 – 60 Journalists, recommendations for social responsibility theory, 59 citizens, focusing on youth as, 168 storytelling problem, 57 , 70 –75 investigative journalism, training youth tragedy- driven news in, 69 – 70 in, 172 – 173 2016 election and, 62 – 63 local community and school news, usefulness of new stories and, 63– 65 partnering with, 169 – 171 “watch dogs,” 59 news making, training youth in, Levinas, Emmanuel, 37 , 40 – 41 , 42 – 43 , 171 – 172 227n. 25 sources of news, cultivating youth as, Levine, Peter, 143 168 – 169 LGBT issues overview, 48 , 110 – 111 , 164 Kahne, Joseph, 8 – 9 importance of to youth, 9 – 10 Kaiser, Robert, 60 Orlando night club shooting Kant, Immanuel, 41 (2016), 3 , 196 Katz, Vikki, 201 , 225n. 56 , 242n. 80, social media and, 134 243n. 82 in youth-oriented journalism, 87– 88 Kelso, Tony, 90 Liberal individualist tradition of Kimport, Katrina, 231n. 73 citizenship, 23 – 24 Knight News Challenge, 171 Lievrouw, Leah, 224n. 47, 224n. 49 Knowledge-enabling news, 88 Life Line policy, 181 KONY 2012 (video), 73 – 75 Limbaugh, Rush, 185 Linklater, Andrew, 197 Lack of diversity in legacy Litt, Eden, 227n. 22 journalism, 68 – 69 Livingstone, Sonia, xi , 7 , 28 , 201 , 216n. 22 , Last Week Tonight with John Oliver 217n. 34 , 223n. 46 , 224n. 49 , 260n. 1 (television program), 48 , 86 , 87 , Local community and school news, 169 – 171 96 – 97 , 177, 183 , 184 The Logic of Connective Action (Bennett Law enforcement relations. See Police and Segerberg), 35 relations Los Angeles Times , 67 Learning Network Blog, 190 Luckmann, Thomas, 37 Legacy journalism Lundby, Knut, xi , 223n. 46 overview, 11 – 12 Lunt, Peter, 28 abandonment of public role, 60 audience problem, 57 , 62 – 66 MacGillis, Alec, 63 authority problem, 57 , 60 – 62 , 77 – 78 Mainstream news, youth and, 93 – 96 boredom with, 70 – 71 Maira, Suniana, 25 , 201 business model problem, 57 , 67 –70 “Making the story,” 46 , 51 – 53, 137 – 138 . concentration of ownership in, 68 – 69 See also Youth citizen journalism confl ict- driven news in, 69 – 70 Marchi, Regina, 2 , 129 , 131 . See also crowd funding and, 30 – 31 Empirical research fi nancial problems facing, 30 Markham, Tim, 7

300

300 Index

Martin, Trayvon, 26 – 27 , 92 Moore, Michael, 12 , 91 Martinson, David, 98 Moses, Harry, 85 Matassi, Mora, 215n. 17, 224n. 53 Mossberge, Karen, 30 Mattoni, Alice, 224n. 49 Motion Picture Association of America, 182 Maximalist approach to participation, 106 , Mouffe, Chantal, 38 , 115 , 117 , 196 , 107 – 108 , 166 259n. 84 Mayer, Vicki, 202 Moy, Patricia, 248n. 63 McCarthy, Tom, 136 MTV, 78 , 87 – 88 McDevitt, Michael , 248n. 66 “Muckraking,” 31 – 33 , 59 McKesson, Deray, 122 Mutuality, democracy and, 40 – 42 McKibben, Bill, 32 McLuhan, Marshall, 237n. 9 National Association for Media Literacy Mead, George Herbert, 37 Education, 101 Media literacy. See Critical media literacy National Public Radio (NPR), 99, 129, Media Literacy Project, 101 169 – 170 Media Mobilizing Project, 140 Neo- fascists, 185 Media partnering with youth Net Neutrality, 181 – 182 , 183 Radio Rookies (New York), 99 – 100 , Networked journalism, 6 , 60 169 – 170 Networks, 35 WERS Radio (Boston), 170 New Jersey Spark, 140 WHYY TV (Philadelphia), 99 – 100 , 170 , New journalisms, 60 205 , 208 News ecosystem, 6 Media reform and regulation, 181 – 182 News Literacy Project, 101 “Mediatization,” 28 Newspaper Association of America, 12 , Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 37 234n. 36 Methodological overview of empirical Newspapers. See also Legacy journalism ; research, 201 – 204 specifi c newspaper Meyrowitz, Joshua, 223n. 39 decline of, 67 – 68 Microaggressions, 124 – 125 historical background, 58 – 59 Mihailidis, Paul, 101 , 254n. 19 loss of advertising revenue in, 68, Mile High Connects (Denver), 155 , 160 234n. 36 Milioni, Dimitra, 116 New Voices Campaign, 174 – 175 Millennial Activists United, 122 New York Times , 5 , 14 , 29 , 48 , 67 , 184 , Minimalist approach to participation, 83 , 187 , 188 – 189 , 190 106 – 107 , 138 Nickelodeon, 84 Minorities Nick News with Linda Ellerbee (television disillusionment with journalism program), 84 , 96– 97 among, 65 – 66 “No Eastie Casino” movement, 129 – 133 , negative images of in news, 69 166 – 167 “No Eastie Casino” movement and, Noelle- Neumann, Elisabeth, 133– 134, 129 – 133 248n. 63 “public sphere” and, 114 – 115 North Dakota, John Wall New Voices Act, youth activism among, 122 – 123 174 – 175 “Minoritized” youth, 122 – 123 Misinterpretation on social media, 50 Oliver, John, 183 , 184 . See also Last Week MIT Center for Civic Media, 76 Tonight with John Oliver (television Mitchelstein, Eugenia, 31 , 215n. 17 , 225n. program ) 63 , 225n. 64 The Onion (website), 176 – 177 , 183 “Modernity’s wager,” 61 O’Reilly, Bill, 12 , 89 – 90 , 185 Moeller, Susan, 194 Orgad, Shani, 194 Montreal School, 22 – 23 , 36 Organization

301

Index 301

communication and, 22 – 23 , 36 Participatory culture, 47 Montreal School and, 22 – 23 , 36 Participatory Politics (Cohen, et al.), 216n. Orlando night club shooting (2016), 3 , 196 29 , 216n. 31, 220n. 60 The Other 98%, 8 Peabody Award, 84 – 85 , 86 Other versus self, 42 – 43 Peters, John Durham, 39 , 49 Ownership concentration in legacy Peterson, Mark, 72 journalism, 68 – 69 Pew Center for People and the Press, 56 Pew Internet and American Life Project, Padres y Jovenes Unidos (Denver), 56 , 134 146 – 148 , 160 Pew Research Center, 29 , 31, 56, 122 , Papacharissi, Zizi, xi , 15 , 91, 117 , 119 185 – 186 , 214n. 11, 235n. 39 Parents, recommendations for Phenomenology, 37 algorithms, discussing role in social The Philip DeFranco Show (online media, 178 – 180 program), 87 , 183 , 238n. 24 alternative news sources, discussing, Photographs on social media, 49 – 50 182 – 185 Picone, Ike, 6 , 7 coding, discussing role in social media, Pierson, Emma, 188 – 189 178 – 180 Pinterest, 178 – 179 community or grassroots citizen Poell, Thomas, 37 journalism, connecting with, 190 – 191 Police relations critiques of current news, 190 “Bridging the Gap” and, 148 – 153 cross- curriculum partnerships, in Denver, 148 – 153 advocating, 175 Digital Media Club and, 148 –153 “digital divide,” discussing, 180 –181 Ferguson protests ( See Ferguson protests ) freedom of speech, protecting, 174– 175 youth citizen journalism and, 148 – 153 high school journalism programs, Political communication theory, 13 advocating, 173 – 174 Ponderosa High School (Colorado), ideological polarization, discussing, 112 – 113 185 – 186 POPPYN (television program), 143 media reform and regulation, discussing, Porto, Mauro , 233n. 19 , 235n. 41 , 236n. 57 181 – 182 Postman, Neil, 100 privacy, discussing, 187 – 188 Poynter Institute for Media Studies, satirical news programming, discussing, 176 , 190 182 – 185 Privacy, 187 – 188 shaping online conversations, raising Production skills, critical media literacy awareness of, 188 – 190 and, 100 – 103 social media, providing training in “Produsing” news critical media literacy context, overview, 5 , 79 – 80 , 83 – 84 , 138 , 166 175 – 178 community youth media, 99 – 100 sponsored content, discussing, 186 – 187 high school journalism, 96 – 98 surveillance, discussing, 187 –188 Project for Excellence in Journalism, visioning exercises, 190 185 – 186 Participation. See also Civic engagement ProPublica, 63 , 73 embodied participation, 115 – 116 Protectionist approach to youth, 24– 25, maximalist approach to, 106, 83 , 115 107 – 108 , 166 Protect IP Act (proposed), 182 minimalist approach to, 83 , Proto-political behavior, 43 – 44 , 53 , 106 – 107 , 138 109 , 128 youth citizen journalism and, 142 –145 The Public and Its Problems youth citizenship and, 106 – 109 (Dewey), 21 – 22 youth-oriented journalism and, 106 –109 Public Broadcasting Service, 85

302

302 Index

Public good, journalism as, 58 – 60 shaping online conversations, raising Public Insight Network, 169 awareness of, 188 – 190 “Public sphere” social media, providing training in overview, 114 – 115 , 166 – 167 critical media literacy context, African- Americans and, 114 – 115 175 – 178 communication and, 21 – 22 sources of news, cultivating youth as, minorities and, 114 – 115 168 – 169 relational approach to communication sponsored content, discussing, 186 – 187 and, 21 – 22 surveillance, discussing, 187 – 188 youth and, 115 visioning exercises, 190 Puget Sound Off (blog), 143 Recording of public meetings, 112 – 113, Purcell, Kristen, 214n. 13 243n. 2 Reddit, 82 , 182 Race and News: Critical Perspectives Regional Transportation District (Denver), (Campbell, et al.), 75 153 – 161 Radical user perspective, 6 Regulation School of Economics, Radio Rookies (New York), 99 – 100 , 259n. 86 169 – 170 Relational approach to communication Recommendations regarding connective overview, 19 – 20 journalism community and, 21 – 23 overview, 197 – 199 contradictory aspects of, 20 – 21 algorithms, discussing role in social Montreal School and, 22 – 23 media, 178 – 180 organization and, 22 – 23 alternative news sources, discussing, “public sphere” and, 21 – 22 182 – 185 technological approach versus, 21 citizens, focusing on youth as, 168 Risk, disclosure and, 229n. 44 coding, discussing role in social media, Ritual approach to communication, 178 – 180 220n. 4 community or grassroots citizen Rock the Vote , 87 – 88 journalism, connecting with, Rocky Mountain News , 67 190 – 191 Rodriguez, Clemencia, xi, 243n. 88 critiques of current news, 190 Rorty, Richard, 91 cross- curriculum partnerships, Russell, Adrienne, 11 , 45 , 60 advocating, 175 Russell, Tory, 122 “digital divide,” discussing, 180 – 181 discord and, 196 – 197 Salzburg Institute, 101 freedom of speech, protecting, 174 – 175 Satirical news programming. See also high school journalism programs, specifi c source advocating, 173 – 174 discussing, 182 – 185 ideological polarization, discussing, youth and, 89 – 90 185 – 186 Saturday Night Live (television investigative journalism, training youth show), 87 , 89 in, 172 – 173 Scheufele, Dietram, 134 , 248n. 63 local community and school news, Schmoyoho, 8 partnering with, 169 – 171 Schneider, Howard, 176 media reform and regulation, discussing, SchoolJournalism.org, 190 181 – 182 School walkouts, 125 – 127 news making, training youth in, Schrøder, Kim, 6 171 – 172 Schudson, Michael, 32 , 60 , 72 privacy, discussing, 187 – 188 Second-hand access to news, 82 realistic nature of, 191 – 193 Segerberg, Alexandra, 35, 36, 82 , 117 satirical news programming, discussing, Self- expression, 28 – 29 182 – 185 Seligman, Adam, 61

303

Index 303

Senft, Terri, xi , 48 , 230n. 56 relational approach to communication Seu, Irene, 194 in (See Relational approach to Shaping online conversations, 188 – 190 communication ) Sharing of news by young people, 4 self- expression on, 28 – 29 “Sharing the story,” 46 – 49 as source of news, 3 , 5 Shirky, Clay, 45 “spiral of silence” and, 134 – 135 Shohat, Ella, 260n. 93 undermining engagement by, 29 – 31 “Signifyin’,” 122 youth activism and, 120 Silverstone, Roger, 194 Social Media for Journalists: Principles and SimilarWeb, 29 Practices , 254n. 17 Sina Weibo (Chinese website), 139 – 140 Social Media Toolbox: A Resource for Singer, Josh, 136 Student Journalism Programs , 189 “Slactivism,” 135 Social responsibility theory, 59 Smith, Adam, 197 Soep, Elisabeth, 25 , 51 – 52 , 101 – 102 , 201 Smith, Christian, 195 Solutions-oriented journalism, 144 , Snapchat 172 – 173 artifacts of political engagement on, 128 Sources of news. See also specifi c source Black Lives Matter and, 121 alternative news sources, 182 –185 connective journalism and, 113 – 114 for Black Lives Matter, 121 counterpublics and, 116 – 117 , 135 cultivating youth as, 168 – 169 empirical research and, 209 South Africa, Iindaba Ziyafi ka Project Ferguson protests and, 126 in, 143 “No Eastie Casino” movement and, 133 South Park (television program), 82 , as source of news, 31 , 82 91 – 93 , 96 – 97 youth activism and, 120 , 135 Spain, indignados in, 10 Snowden, Edward, 134 “Spiral of silence,” 133 – 135 Social media. See also specifi c platform Sponsored content, 186 – 187 overview, 20 Spotlight (fi lm), 32, 136 , 184 algorithms, discussing role of, 178 Squires, Catherine, 121 – 122 artifacts of political engagement on, 128 Standing Rock protest, 3 augmenting engagement by, 28 – 29 “Stand Your Ground” laws, 92 avoiding politics on, 56 – 57 Stanford History Education Group, 6 – 7 , Black Lives Matter and, 121 , 122 177 – 178 “brogrammer effect” in, 178 Stewart, Jon, 87 , 89 – 90 . See also The Daily civic engagement and, 11 , 28 Show with Jon Stewart (television coding, discussing role of, 178 program ) connectivity in, 36 – 40 Stone, Lindsey, 50 counterpublics and, 116 – 117, 135 Stone, Oliver, 77 critical media literacy, providing Stop Online Piracy Act (proposed), training on social media in context of, 94 – 95 , 182 175 – 178 Stornaiulo, Amy, 101 as disruptive technology, 11 , 28 Storytelling empirical research and, 209 as problem in legacy journalism, “fake news” and, 178 57 , 70 – 75 intersubjectivity in, 36 – 40 , 164 – 165 in youth citizen journalism, 138 –139 “I-Thou” relationship on, 38 – 39 Story versus identity, 14 LGBT issues and, 134 Stromer-Galley, Jennifer, 227n. 22 “mediatization” and, 28 Student Press Law Center, 97 – 98 misinterpretation on, 50 Suffolk Downs, 129 , 130 negative aspects of, 11 Surveillance, 187 – 188 photographs on, 49 – 50 political discussion on, 7 – 8 Tabarrock, Alex, 193 positive aspects of, 11 Taft, Jessica, 25 – 26

304

304 Index

Tarbell, Ida, 59 “sharing the story” on, 46 – 47 Tea Party Movement, 185 as source of news, 3 , 5 , 8 , 55 , 60 , 61 – 62 , Telemundo, 68 72 , 82 , 93 – 95 , 169 Tew, Chad, 89 “spiral of silence” and, 134 –135 Texting youth activism and, 120 , 135 artifacts of political engagement youth citizen journalism and, 158 and, 127 critical media literacy and, 103 United Nations Convention on the Rights “I-Thou” relationship in, 38 – 39 of the Child, 9 Thevenin, Benjamin, 146 – 147 University of Denver, 188 “Thick cosmopolitanism,” 196 –197 University of Georgia, 175 – 176 “Thin cosmopolitanism,” 196 –197 University of Missouri, 2 , 175 Thompson, Margie, 149 University of Washington, 2 Thorson, Kjerstin, 40 , 57 , 194 – 195 Usefulness of new stories and, 63 – 65 Tometi, Opal, 26 – 27 User- centered approach to news, 9 – 10 Toronto School, 237n. 9 Ushahidi, 120 Torre, Maria, 201 Uygur, Cenk, 238n. 24 Torres, Joseph, 68 – 69 Traditional journalism. See Legacy Van Dijck, Jose, 37 , 49 journalism Van Zoonen, Liesbet, 90 Tragedy-driven news, 69 – 70 Vice (social media website), 187 Trauma, 258n. 82 Vice News (online program), 87 , 238n. 24 Trere, Emiliano , 224n. 49 Video games, 94 – 95 Tribune, 68 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), 188 Trump, Donald, 2 , 8 , 30 , 118 , 169 , 182 , Visioning exercises, 190 196 , 255n. 35 Voice, connective journalism and, 44 “Truth in Social Media,” 190 Vygotsky, Levs, 9 Tumblr Ferguson protests and, 124 Wahl-Jorgensen, Karin , xi , 248n. 66, piracy and, 182 249n. 14 as source of news, 93 Warner, Michael, 116 , 117 , 160 youth activism and, 120 Washington Post , 26 , 29 , 32, 68 , 188 youth- oriented journalism and, 87 –88 “Watch dogs,” 59 Twitpic, 187 WBUR Radio (Boston), 129 Twitter WERS Radio (Boston), 170 African- Americans and, 122 – 123 Westboro Baptist Church, 1 –2 , 3 – 4 , artifacts of political engagement on, 128 11 – 12 , 164 Black Lives Matter and, 121 , 122 WHYY TV (Philadelphia), 99 – 100 , 170 , “Black Twitter,” 122 – 123 205 , 208 connective journalism and, 113 – 114 Wikileaks, 45 connectivity on, 37 Wikipedia, 45 , 182 counterpublics and, 116 , 135 Williams, Andy , 249n. 14 critical media literacy and, 102 , 103 Williams, Bruce, 88 – 89 empirical research and, 209 Williams, Raymond, 22 “fake news” and, 178 Willis, Chris, 139 Ferguson protests and, 124 Wilson, Darren, 148 lack of diversity in, 178 – 179 Winner, Langdon, 178 “No Eastie Casino” movement and, “Wireless Philadelphia,” 181 131 – 132 , 133 Wise Up! (television program), 84 – 85 piracy and, 182 “Witnessing,” 49 privacy and, 187 WNYC Radio (New York), 169 – 170

305

Index 305

Yankovich, “Weird Al,” 8 Youth Communication (Chicago), Yates, Ashley, 122 241n. 56 YoungCons.com, 29 – 30 Youth Communication (Wilmington), The Young Turks (online program), 87 , 241n. 56 183 , 238n. 24 Youth News (Oakland), 99 – 100, 241n. 56 Yousuf, Mohammad, 219n. 58 Youth-oriented journalism Youth activism. See also Counterpublics overview, 16, 79 – 84 , 109 – 111 , 113 overview, 8 – 9 , 18 – 19 , 137 censorship and, 98 among African- Americans, 122 – 123 civic engagement, 101 , 138 among minorities, 122 – 123 community youth media, 99 –100 social media and, 120 connective journalism and, 81 – 82 youth citizen journalism and, 142 –145 critical analytical skills in, 100 – 103 Youth and Participatory Politics Working entertainment versus information, 88 –89 Group, 8 , 51, 220n. 60 experimental approaches, 80 Youth citizen journalism fi ctional narratives and, 90 – 93 overview, 16, 136 – 139 , 161 – 162 , 167 funding models, 80 – 81 activism and, 142 – 145 “gatewatching” and, 83 “adultism” and, 144 high school journalism, 96 – 98 advocacy citizen journalism, 146 knowledge- enabling news, 88 audience for, 143 LGBT issues in, 87 – 88 “Bridging the Gap” and, 148 –153 mainstream news and, 93 – 96 case studies, 145 – 146 maximalist approach to participation community or grassroots citizen and, 106 , 107 – 108 , 166 journalism, 145 – 146 minimalist approach to participation Denver Regional Transportation District and, 83 , 106 – 107 , 138 (RTD) and, 153 – 161 news produced by adults for youth, 83 , Digital Media Club and, 145 – 146 (See 84 – 86 , 138 also Digital Media Club (Denver) ) news produced by youth for youth ( See investigative journalism in, 136– 137 “Produsing” news ) organizing and, 142 – 145 participation and, 106 – 109 Padres y Jovenes Unidos and, production skills in, 100 – 103 146 – 148 , 160 satirical news programming and, 89 –90 participation and, 142 – 145 secondary audience for news produced police relations and, 148 – 153 for young adults, 83 , 86 – 89 solutions- oriented journalism and, 144 Youth Participatory Action Research storytelling in, 138 – 139 framework of empirical research, Youth citizenship 208 – 209 overview, 15 , 20 Youth studies theory, 13 Black Lives Matter and, 26 – 27 YouTube consumerism and, 24 – 25 “No Eastie Casino” movement and, 132 critical approaches to, 26 – 27 satirical news programming on, 87 danger from youth and, 24 –25 , 115 as source of news, 45 , 61 – 62 , 72 , 79 , 82 , danger to youth and, 24 – 25 , 115 93 – 95 , 183 developmental approaches to, 24 – 26 Y- Press, 86 focus on youth as citizens versus profi t generators, 168 Zelizer, Barbie, 77 , 219n. 56 heteronormative assumptions, 221n. 28 Zumix- Radio (Boston), 99 – 100, 170 , participation and, 106 – 109 206 – 207