DOCSLIB.ORG

Typifying Ecosystems by Using Green Lacewing Assemblages Dominique Thierry, Bruno Deutsch, Mihaela Paulian, Johanna Villenave, Michel Canard

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Typifying Ecosystems by Using Green Lacewing Assemblages Dominique Thierry, Bruno Deutsch, Mihaela Paulian, Johanna Villenave, Michel Canard Typifying ecosystems by using green lacewing assemblages Dominique Thierry, Bruno Deutsch, Mihaela Paulian, Johanna Villenave, Michel Canard To cite this version: Dominique Thierry, Bruno Deutsch, Mihaela Paulian, Johanna Villenave, Michel Canard. Typifying ecosystems by using green lacewing assemblages. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences/INRA, 2005, 25 (4), pp.473-479. hal-00886302 HAL Id: hal-00886302 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886302 Submitted on 1 Jan 2005 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 25 (2005) 473–479 473 © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2005 DOI: 10.1051/agro:2005047 Research article Typifying ecosystems by using green lacewing assemblages Dominique THIERRYa*, Bruno DEUTSCHb, Mihaela PAULIANc, Johanna VILLENAVEd, Michel CANARDe a Université Catholique de l’Ouest, Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, 44 rue Rabelais, 49000 Angers, France b Université Catholique de l’Ouest, Institut de Mathématiques Appliquées, 3 place André Leroy, 49000 Angers, France c Institutul de Cercetari pentru Protectia Plantelor, Bd. Ion Ionescu dela Brad 8, 77592 Bucuresti, Romania d Institut National d’Horticulture, Unité de Protection des Plantes, 2 rue Le Nôtre, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France e (retired) 47 chemin Flou de Rious, 31400 Toulouse, France (Accepted 20 May 2005) Abstract – Green lacewing collection data from eleven various biotopes were used to typify different ecological landscapes. To make up the values recorded on single samples, we operated by the bootstrap method. A classifying process cluster scatterplot was then established to assess the proximity of the different habitats. Shannon’s and Hurlbert’s indices are highly sensitive parameters of the structure of assemblages. Their analysis results in a diagrammatic typological approach to the biotopes, allowing unambiguous comparisons between various chrysopid assemblages. It is possible to characterize the state of these polyvalent predators as a function of different abundance and diversity, and this state can be a standard of value of good ecological function in ecosystems. Concerning farming consultation and environmental conservation, such an approach is new and could be promising for future agricultural and landscape managers. biodiversity / green lacewing / faunistic richness / diversity index / equitability index 1. INTRODUCTION tural situations differing from one another by locality or time (Paulian et al., 2003). The aim of the present paper, based on The relation between the repair of biocoenoses and the spe- several previous field surveys of chrysopid assemblages, is to cies diversity they harbor is a well-known notion. Increasing assess the significance, the range and the accuracy of different biodiversity generally enhances the reliability of ecosystems, indices. They are based on the analyses of biotopes diversely i.e. the probability that a system will provide a consistent level or unaltered by insecticide pressure and/or other compelling of performance over a given unit of time (Naeem and Li, 1997). factors; they succeed in typifying ecological landscapes. Assessing agricultural ecosystems with respect to their current healthy condition and their ability to allow sustainable devel- opment is now a fundamental aim of scientists and advisors. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Several authors (e.g. Stelzl and Devetak, 1999) assumed that Neuroptera constitute a standard of value useful for judging the 2.1. Methodology good health of an agro-environment, even if a many-sided To analyze the structure of green lacewing assemblages, we approach might be theoretically better (Duelli, 1997). Green chose to determine for each habitat three indices among the lacewings occur commonly in many biotopes and they are eas- most commonly used in such quantitative descriptions of insect ily identifiable to species level. The larvae of all species and populations; namely, a species richness index proposed by adults of some of them are polyphagous predators on various Margalef (IM), plus two diversity indices proposed by Shannon soft-bodied arthropods: they are redundant in the sense of hav- (H’) and by Hurlbert (EH). ing multiple species per functional group (Lawton and Brown, For each sample, the observed values, i.e. collection data, 1993). Incidentally, they participate in controlling numerous were registered. Each index was estimated with the observed phytophagous organisms. Among their usual prey there are data. In order to evaluate the precision of the estimates we noxious arthropods to crops, often key pests such as aphids, employed the bootstrap methods (Efron, 1982; Efron and coccids, psyllids, cicadellids, caterpillars, mites and others. Tibshirani, 1993). Following the classical procedure, we com- Using value standards to characterize biodiversity is essen- puted a large number of virtual samples (10 000) that were sim- tial to quantify such a property and to compare various agricul- ulated by randomly collected sub-samples within an infinite * Corresponding author: [email protected] Article published by EDP Sciences and available at http://www.edpsciences.org/agro or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:2005047 474 D. Thierry et al. population holding the same distribution of species as the orig- with the assemblage structure; namely, the diversity of the spe- inal sample (Manly, 1991). For each simulated sample, a “sim- cies, the dominance and the equitability. ulated index” was computed. Firstly, the standard deviations of The standard Shannon’s diversity index (H’) proposed by the 10 000 “simulated indices” were computed. Secondly, a Shannon and Weaver (1963) is largely used in ecological stud- 95% confidence interval [CT1, CT2] was computed by the per- ies. It is only slightly correlated to the sample size. It gives both centile method of Efron (1982) which we adapted slightly in the relative importance of each species collected and the ratio the case of Margalef’s index. In the general case, CT1 and CT2 between the total numbers of species and individuals. Its values are the 2.5th and the 97.5th percentile values of the distribution range from 0 to log S, being maximal in stable ecosystems such of the simulated indices. In the case of Margalef’s index, the as in spontaneous forests. sub-samples cannot have more species than the original one, Hurlbert’s equitability index (EH) measures the relative het- but may have less. So the upper bound CT2 of the interval erogeneity of populations. It features the distribution of the would be the same as the estimated value of IM. In order to specimens occurring in an assemblage and gives an idea of the assess the possible upper variability of the estimations, the dominance of the more abundant species. This index is a priori upper bound CT2 was transformed into CT2’ = IM +(IM – well adapted to the study of small samples in which the ratio CT1). This kind of symmetry transformation results in almost of the number of taxa related to the total size is fairly high (Beisel the same probability of finding a new species, as there is of et al., 1997). It varies from 0 to 1, being nil when the quasi-total- missing one among the rarest species of the sample. A classi- ity of the specimens caught belongs to a single species and fying process (Cluster Scatterplot) was established in order to reaches one when each species is represented by the same assess the proximity of the different habitats. Data were statis- number of individuals. tically analyzed by using the Statgraph ® statistical graphic sys- tem (STSC Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA). 2.4. Biotopes and collecting methods 2.2. Biocoenotic richness Several previous biotope surveys were analyzed, belonging to various European ecosystems (Fig. 1). The commonest way to characterize a group of organisms in a biotope consists of counting the number of specimens 2.4.1. Flat open fields present, giving the abundance and the biomass of the target group. The specimens collected may be either grouped (Q) or Flat open fields as typical agro-ecosystems under the Atlan- tic influence were investigated. The study was carried out in shared out across all species (qi) then constituting the actual size of the various species. Another structural parameter is the tax- Loos-en-Gohelle, in the French southern part of the Flanders onomic richness (S), which equates to the number of species Plain, Pas-de-Calais, France (50° 27’ 00” N, 02° 47’ 00” E) occurring in the biotope. Although these indicators are simple (called LOO). It is a traditionally agricultural zone where veg- etable and fruit production predominates. The target fields were and easily available, caution is needed before their use and anal- of a commercial type, but managed with ‘soft’ cultural tech- ysis. In some cases, the species status is indeed difficult to state niques: either integrated or strictly organic farming. Several Chrysoperla carnea precisely – e.g. in the (Stephens, 1836) crops: strawberry, potato, witloof, tobacco and kidney-bean complex – so that the actual abundance of every true species and their neighboring uncultivated biotopes were sampled. in some cases cannot be determined. Nevertheless, it is only from the two available parameters S and Q that we may assess Various collection methods were used: suction trap, yellow representative biocoenotic indices. traps and hand net. Adults were regularly sampled in the grow- ing season (from May to October) of 1999 (Trouvé et al., 2002). Species richness is highly dependent upon the sample size. The optimal sample sizes are conventionally defined when the 2.4.2. Mediterranean olive groves taxonomic richness reaches 95% of the theoretical value of S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Discovering the True Chrysoperla Carnea (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Using Song Analysis, Morphology, and Ecology
    SYSTEMATICS Discovering the True Chrysoperla carnea (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Using Song Analysis, Morphology, and Ecology 1 2 3 4 CHARLES S. HENRY, STEPHEN J. BROOKS, PETER DUELLI, AND JAMES B. JOHNSON Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269Ð3043 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95(2): 172Ð191 (2002) ABSTRACT What was once considered a single Holarctic species of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), has recently been shown to be a complex of many cryptic, sibling species, the carnea species group, whose members are reproductively isolated by their substrate-borne vibrational songs. Because species in the complex are diagnosed by their song phenotypes and not by morphology, the current systematic status of the type species has become a problem. Here, we attempt to determine which song species corresponds to StephensÕ 1835 concept of C. carnea, originally based on a small series of specimens collected in or near London and currently housed in The Natural History Museum. With six European members of the complex from which to choose, we narrow the Þeld to just three that have been collected in England: C. lucasina (Lacroix), Cc2 Ôslow-motorboatÕ, and Cc4 ÔmotorboatÕ. Ecophysiology eliminates C. lucasina, because that species remains green during adult winter diapause, while Cc2 and Cc4 share with StephensÕ type a change to brownish or reddish color in winter. We then describe the songs, ecology, adult morphology, and larval morphology of Cc2 and Cc4, making statistical comparisons between the two species. Results strongly reinforce the conclusion that Cc2 and Cc4 deserve separate species status. In particular, adult morphology displays several subtle but useful differences between the species, including the shape of the basal dilation of the metatarsal claw and the genital ÔlipÕ and ÔchinÕ of the male abdomen, color and coarseness of the sternal setae at the tip of the abdomen and on the genital lip, and pigment distribution on the stipes of the maxilla.
    [Show full text]
  • IOBC/WPRS Working Group “Integrated Plant Protection in Fruit
    IOBC/WPRS Working Group “Integrated Plant Protection in Fruit Crops” Subgroup “Soft Fruits” Proceedings of Workshop on Integrated Soft Fruit Production East Malling (United Kingdom) 24-27 September 2007 Editors Ch. Linder & J.V. Cross IOBC/WPRS Bulletin Bulletin OILB/SROP Vol. 39, 2008 The content of the contributions is in the responsibility of the authors The IOBC/WPRS Bulletin is published by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, West Palearctic Regional Section (IOBC/WPRS) Le Bulletin OILB/SROP est publié par l‘Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique et Intégrée contre les Animaux et les Plantes Nuisibles, section Regionale Ouest Paléarctique (OILB/SROP) Copyright: IOBC/WPRS 2008 The Publication Commission of the IOBC/WPRS: Horst Bathon Luc Tirry Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI), Federal University of Gent Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Laboratory of Agrozoology Institute for Biological Control Department of Crop Protection Heinrichstr. 243 Coupure Links 653 D-64287 Darmstadt (Germany) B-9000 Gent (Belgium) Tel +49 6151 407-225, Fax +49 6151 407-290 Tel +32-9-2646152, Fax +32-9-2646239 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Address General Secretariat: Dr. Philippe C. Nicot INRA – Unité de Pathologie Végétale Domaine St Maurice - B.P. 94 F-84143 Montfavet Cedex (France) ISBN 978-92-9067-213-5 http://www.iobc-wprs.org Integrated Plant Protection in Soft Fruits IOBC/wprs Bulletin 39, 2008 Contents Development of semiochemical attractants, lures and traps for raspberry beetle, Byturus tomentosus at SCRI; from fundamental chemical ecology to testing IPM tools with growers.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Occurrence and Biological Parameters of the Common Green Lacewing Predators of the Common Pistachio Psylla, Agonoscena Pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)
    Eur. J. Entomol. 108: 63–70, 2011 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1588 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Seasonal occurrence and biological parameters of the common green lacewing predators of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) FATEMEH KAZEMI and MOHAMMAD REZA MEHRNEJAD* Pistachio Research Institute, P.O. Box 77175.435, Rafsanjan, Iran Key words. Chrysopidae, lacewings, Chrysoperla lucasina, Psylloidea, Agonoscena pistaciae, pistachio psylla, population density, weeds, intrinsic rate of increase, theoretical threshold, food consumption, biological control Abstract. Species in the carnea complex of the common green lacewing are predators of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae in both cultivated pistachio plantations and on wild pistachio plants in Iran. The seasonal occurrence of common green lacewings was monitored in pistachio orchards from 2007 to 2008. In addition, the effect of different temperature regimes on prei- maginal development, survival and prey consumption of the predatory lacewing Chrysoperla lucasina fed on A. pistaciae nymphs were studied under controlled conditions. The adults of common green lacewings first appeared on pistachio trees in mid April and were most abundant in early July, decreased in abundance in summer and increased again in October. The relative density of common green lacewings was higher in pistachio orchards where the ground was covered with herbaceous weeds than in those without weeds. In the laboratory females of C. lucasina laid an average of 1085 eggs over 60 days at 22.5°C. The maximum prey consumption occurred at 35°C when the larvae consumed 1812 fourth instar psyllid nymphs during their larval period.
    [Show full text]
  • Identified Difficulties and Conditions for Field Success of Biocontrol
    Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 4. Socio-economic aspects: market analysis and outlook Bernard Blum, Philippe C. Nicot, Jürgen Köhl, Michelina Ruocco To cite this version: Bernard Blum, Philippe C. Nicot, Jürgen Köhl, Michelina Ruocco. Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 4. Socio-economic aspects: market analysis and outlook. Classical and augmentative biological control against diseases and pests: critical status analysis and review of factors influencing their success, IOBC - International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Controlof Noxious Animals and Plants, 2011, 978-92-9067-243-2. hal-02809583 HAL Id: hal-02809583 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02809583 Submitted on 6 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. WPRS International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious IOBC Animals and Plants: West Palaearctic Regional Section SROP Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique et Integrée contre les Animaux et les OILB Plantes Nuisibles:
    [Show full text]
  • December 2019 Suzanne Burgess and Joanna Lindsay
    December 2019 Suzanne Burgess and Joanna Lindsay Saving the small things that run the planet Summary Of the 70 species of lacewing recorded in the United Kingdom, at least forty-one of them have been recorded in Scotland, with four only being recorded in Scotland. The Bordered brown lacewing (Megalomus hirtus) was previously known from only two sites in Scotland, at Salisbury’s Crags in Holyrood Park, Edinburgh and at Doonie Point by Bridge of Muchalls in Aberdeenshire. Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) provided funding to Buglife for year two of the Bordered Brown Lacewing project to run surveys and workshops to raise awareness and improve participant’s identification skills of the different species of lacewing and their allies (alderflies, scorpionflies and snake flies). With the help of volunteers, year two of the project successfully found twenty two adults of the Bordered brown lacewing. Two new areas were discovered at Holyrood Park at rocky outcrops close to St. Anthony’s Chapel and a new population was discovered at Skatie Shore and Perthumie Bay by Stonehaven. A further nine adults were found by Dr Nick Littlewood at six locations from the war memorial south of Stonehaven to Portlethen Village. A total of 264 records of 141 different species of invertebrate, including five species of lacewing, were recorded during surveys and workshops run through this project from six sites: Holyrood Park, in Edinburgh; Hermitage of Braid and Blackford Hill Local Nature Reserve in Edinburgh; Skatie Shore and Perthumie Bay by Stonehaven; Doonie Point by Bridge of Muchalls; St Cyrus National Nature Reserve near Montrose; and Drumpellier Park in North Lanarkshire.
    [Show full text]
  • New Data About the Distribution of Neuropterida in Bulgaria and Romania
    ANNALS OF THE UPPER SILESIAN MUSEUM IN BYTOM ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 27 (online 001): 1–39 ISSN 0867-1966, eISSN 2544-039X (online) Bytom, 3.10.2018 ROLAND DOBOSZ1, ALEXI POPOV2 New data about the distribution of Neuropterida in Bulgaria and Romania http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1443230 1 Upper Silesian Museum, Department of Natural History, pl. Jana III Sobieskiego 2, 41-902 Bytom, Poland e-mail: [email protected] 2 National Museum of Natural History, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 1, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The collections of neuropterid orders from Bulgaria and Romania preserved in museums in Poland (Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom and Museum and Institute of Zoology in Warsaw) are identified. Faunistic information on 89 species is reported: 77 species from Bulgaria and 37 species from Romania (25 species from both countries). Coniopteryx (Xeroconiopteryx) atlasensis, Megalomus tineoides, Cunctochrysa cosmia and Neuroleon assimilis are new species for the fauna of Bulgaria. These first records shift the range borders of three species with 190 to 700 km northwards. Easternmost localities of Phaeostigma (Phaeostigma) pilicollis and Nothochrysa capitata and northernmost locality of Neuroleon assimilis are registered. The new localities outline the borders of the ranges of 20 species. Very rare species are Phaeostigma (Pontoraphidia) rhodopicum (Balkan endemic species), Libelloides lacteus (a single population in Romania), Coniopteryx (Metaconiopteryx) lentiae (in Romania), Coniopteryx (Holoconiopteryx) haematica and Sagittalata perla (both in Bulgaria), and Nedroledon anatolicus (in both countries). Key words: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, faunistics, Bulgaria, Romania. INTRODUCTION The fauna of all three neuropterid orders of Romania and Bulgaria is well explored and the species diversity is almost fully known.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) of the Azores Archipelago, Through Morphology Analysis
    Biogeographic origin of the common green lacewings (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) of the Azores archipelago, through morphology analysis MARIA A. VENTURA, D. THIERRY, P. LOURENÇO & D. CODERRE Ventura, M.A., D. Thierry, P. Lourenço & D. Coderre 2007. Biogeographic origin of the common green lacewings (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) of the Azores archipelago, through morphology analysis. Arquipélago. Life and Marine Sciences 24: 23-31. Due to a great dispersal ability and small size, insects are probably among the first island colonisers. Chrysoperla carnea sensu lato was for long considered the sole member of the Chrysopidae family in the Azores (Portugal) since it has been regarded as a complex of sibling species in Europe and North America. Its separation into different morphotypes is based on a set of pre-determined morphological traits. Their analysis leads to appraise Azorean Chrysopidae origin, comparing insular and mainland populations. Two outside “carnea complex” species, namely the Nearctic C. rufilabris and the Neotropical C. externa, were also examined to validate the method. Data analysis resulted in grouping separately the two out-group species as expected, and clearly joins insular and Palaearctic specimens of C. lucasina. Chrysoperla agilis, although known to be present in the Azores through courtship song analysis, is morphologically similar to the two other Palaearctic species, which confirms the continental Palaearctic origin of the common green lacewings in the Azores. Madeira has probably served as a stepping-stone to the Azorean colonisation. Key words: Chrysoperla carnea, Macaronesia, morphotypes, Palaeartic origin Maria A. Ventura (e-mail: [email protected]) & P. Lourenço, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Aptdo.
    [Show full text]
  • Attraction of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to Native
    1 Attraction of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to native plants used as 2 ground cover in woody Mediterranean agroecosystems 3 Rafael Alcalá Herreraa, Francisca Ruanob, Cándido Gálvez Ramírezc, Stephanie 4 Frischiec,d, Mercedes Camposa 5 6 a. Vegetal Protection Group, Environmental Protection Department, Estación 7 Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain. 8 b. Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 9 Granada, Spain. 10 c. Semillas Silvestres S.L., C/Aulaga nº 24, 10012 Córdoba, Spain. 11 d. The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, 628 NE Broadway Ste 200, 12 Portland, OR 97232, USA (present address). 13 14 E-mail address 15 Rafael Alcalá Herrera – [email protected] (corresponding author) 16 Francisca Ruano – [email protected] 17 Cándido Gálvez Ramírez – [email protected] 18 Stephanie Frischie – [email protected] 19 Mercedes Campos – [email protected] 20 Abstract 21 Using native seeds to establish semi-natural habitats is a novel strategy to restore 22 biodiversity and ecosystem services such as biological control. Given that green 23 lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) are regarded as major biological control agents in 24 different crops, the objective of this study was to test the attractiveness of selected 25 native plant species to lacewings, and to measure plant effect on chrysopid abundance 26 and/or species richness. During a two-year (2016-2017) field experiment near 27 Villarrubia (Andalusia, Spain), 42 native plant species belonging to 13 families were 28 planted in replicated plots. Plant development was monitored, and arthropods were 29 vacuumed from each plot twice during the peak flowering period of May.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Management Generalife Forests.Pdf
    Debrecen University Centre for Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture ATC 4th International Plant Protection Symposium at Debrecen University (11th Trans-Tisza Plant Protection Forum) Recent developments of IPM PROCEEDINGS Editors: György J. Kövics – István Dávid 18-19 October, 2006 Debrecen, Hungary Debrecen University Centre for Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture 4th International Plant Protection Symposium at Debrecen University (11th Trans-Tisza Plant Protection Forum) Recent developments of IPM PROCEEDINGS Edited by: György J. Kövics – István Dávid 18-19 October, 2006 Debrecen Hungary Organizers: Debrecen University, Centre for Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Foundation for Teaching and Developing of Plant Protection Education Debrecen Commitee of Hungarian Academy of Sciences Agricultural Subcommitee Antal Gulyás Plant Protection Club of Students Editoral Board: Managing Editor: Kövics, György J. (Mycology) Members: Bozsik, András (Entomology, Ecology) Dávid, István (Weed Biology, Weed Control) Karaffa, Erzsébet (Molecular Biology) Nagy, Antal (Entomology, Ecology) Radócz, László (Weed Biology, Int. Pest Management) Szarukán, István (Entomology) Tarcali, Gábor (Weed Biology, Int. Pest Management) Symposium Secretariat: Kövics, György DU CAS FA Department of Plant Protection H-4015 Debrecen, POBox 36 Phone/fax: (36-52) 508-378, (36-52) 508-459 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] INTERNET: http://www.agr.unideb.hu Sponsors of the Symposium: • BASF Hungária
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Adaptations of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
    REVIEW Eur. J. Entomol. 102: 317–324, 2005 ISSN 1210-5759 Seasonal adaptations of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) MICHEL CANARD 47 chemin Flou de Rious, F-31400 Toulouse, France; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Chrysopidae, green lacewing, seasonal adaptation, diapause, voltinism, overwintering, cycle synchronization, wintering chambers Abstract. Seasonal adaptations of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and their role in the control of aphid populations are discussed. The chrysopids of temperate zones face seasonal changes and must escape cyclic adversity. One way is via the number of broods per year. Most green lacewings are facultatively multivoltine, with the succession of generations most often regulated by photomediated diapause. Others are univoltine and some extend their life-cycle to two years in cold or dry environments. Synchroni- zation is an important feature of seasonality, often starting in spring. In univoltine species, it is sometimes the result of subtle mecha- nisms, such as double contradictory signals (short plus long day lengths) for reactivation in spring, or a multi-receptivity of the preimaginal instars to photoperiod throughout a year, combined with photo-controlled and synchronized egg laying in late summer. Only one North American species is known to enter a surnumerary food-mediated diapause in summer. Every postembryonic instar may undergo diapause depending on the species. The timing and impact of the spring resumption in aphid consumption depends on their overwintering strategy. As far is known, chrysopids are intolerant of freezing, but their supercooling points are low enough to enable them to endure hard frost. The numbers of overwintering specimens of green lacewings in the field depend on the structure of the assemblages in the pre- vious growing season.
    [Show full text]
  • Standardised Arthropod (Arthropoda) Inventory Across Natural and Anthropogenic Impacted Habitats in the Azores Archipelago
    Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e62157 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e62157 Data Paper Standardised arthropod (Arthropoda) inventory across natural and anthropogenic impacted habitats in the Azores archipelago José Marcelino‡, Paulo A. V. Borges§,|, Isabel Borges ‡, Enésima Pereira§‡, Vasco Santos , António Onofre Soares‡ ‡ cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Rua Madre de Deus, 9500, Ponta Delgada, Portugal § cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Rua Capitão João d’Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Portugal | IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal Corresponding author: Paulo A. V. Borges ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pedro Cardoso Received: 17 Dec 2020 | Accepted: 15 Feb 2021 | Published: 10 Mar 2021 Citation: Marcelino J, Borges PAV, Borges I, Pereira E, Santos V, Soares AO (2021) Standardised arthropod (Arthropoda) inventory across natural and anthropogenic impacted habitats in the Azores archipelago. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e62157. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e62157 Abstract Background In this paper, we present an extensive checklist of selected arthropods and their distribution in five Islands of the Azores (Santa Maria. São Miguel, Terceira, Flores and Pico). Habitat surveys included five herbaceous and four arboreal habitat types, scaling up from native to anthropogenic managed habitats. We aimed to contribute
    [Show full text]
  • East Devon Pebblebed Heaths Providing Space for Nature Biodiversity Audit 2016 Space for Nature Report: East Devon Pebblebed Heaths
    East Devon Pebblebed Heaths East Devon Pebblebed Providing Space for East Devon Nature Pebblebed Heaths Providing Space for Nature Dr. Samuel G. M. Bridgewater and Lesley M. Kerry Biodiversity Audit 2016 Site of Special Scientific Interest Special Area of Conservation Special Protection Area Biodiversity Audit 2016 Space for Nature Report: East Devon Pebblebed Heaths Contents Introduction by 22nd Baron Clinton . 4 Methodology . 23 Designations . 24 Acknowledgements . 6 European Legislation and European Protected Species and Habitats. 25 Summary . 7 Species of Principal Importance and Introduction . 11 Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species . 25 Geology . 13 Birds of Conservation Concern . 26 Biodiversity studies . 13 Endangered, Nationally Notable and Nationally Scarce Species . 26 Vegetation . 13 The Nature of Devon: A Biodiversity Birds . 13 and Geodiversity Action Plan . 26 Mammals . 14 Reptiles . 14 Results and Discussion . 27 Butterflies. 14 Species diversity . 28 Odonata . 14 Heathland versus non-heathland specialists . 30 Other Invertebrates . 15 Conservation Designations . 31 Conservation Status . 15 Ecosystem Services . 31 Ownership of ‘the Commons’ and management . 16 Future Priorities . 32 Cultural Significance . 16 Vegetation and Plant Life . 33 Recreation . 16 Existing Condition of the SSSI . 35 Military training . 17 Brief characterisation of the vegetation Archaeology . 17 communities . 37 Threats . 18 The flora of the Pebblebed Heaths . 38 Military and recreational pressure . 18 Plants of conservation significance . 38 Climate Change . 18 Invasive Plants . 41 Acid and nitrogen deposition. 18 Funding and Management Change . 19 Appendix 1. List of Vascular Plant Species . 42 Management . 19 Appendix 2. List of Ferns, Horsetails and Clubmosses . 58 Scrub Clearance . 20 Grazing . 20 Appendix 3. List of Bryophytes . 58 Mowing and Flailing .
    [Show full text]