NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL March 2021 | Vol. 133 | No. 1 Dynamic Environment Has Changed Drastically Since End of Cold War What We Thought We Knew About the Arctic Is Wrong 30 Fault Detection for Naval Pulsed-Energy Trimaran Hull Ship Design Using Mission Loads Using a Novel The Morphing Design Method 121 Machine Learning Approach 69 Current Sharing in Multi-Parallel Cell Batteries Rethinking Propulsion Machinery Supplying High Power Transient Loads 133 Instrumentation for Autonomous Operations 83 Smart Diagnostics For Marine Diesel Optimization Based Concept Design for Engines Using Torsional Vibrations Signals Autonomous Sailing Vessels 91 on the Ship Propulsion Shaft-Line 143 Flexible Ships: Business Case Modeling The Series-Load-Resonant Converter by Applying Strategic Real Options and as a Shipboard Power System Interface: Monte Carlo Simulation Modeling 103 A Detailed Analysis 155 www.navalengineers.org TABLE OF CONTENTS March 2021 | Vol. 133 | No. 1 49 DEPARTMENTS 5 President’s Page 7 Secretary’s Notes 18 Section Directory 19 Committee Directory 20 New Members FEATURES & NEWS 22 Contributors 9 Guest Column: How Can We Network—Virtually? 25 Corporate Supporters By Jessica M. Galassie 35 ASNE News 11 From the Editorial Board: Ship Design and 48 Upcoming Events Manufacturing Professional Development Program: 82 Code of Ethics Teaching Experience and Judgment By Robert G. Keane, Jr., Peter E. Jaquith 167 Advertising Rates 24 168 Know Brainer NSWC Crane Announces Its First Female Technical Director 169 Membership Application By Sarah K. Miller 26 International Day of Women and Girls in Science— An Interview with Dr. Catherine Warner By Edward Lundquist 30 Dynamic Environment Has Changed Drastically Since End of the Cold War By Edward Lundquist 34 Book Review: “Decoding Mechanical Failures: The Definitive Guide to Interpreting Failure” By Dr. Erik Knudsen 36 From the Archives: Naval Surface Combatant Ship Design Philosophy Including Associated Organizational Impacts Introduction by CAPT Barry Tibbitts, USN (Ret.) 49 International Hydrofoil Society (IHS) Mandles Prize for Hydrofoil Excellence—2020 First Place Student Paper: “The Unmanned Foil (UF): An Autonomous, Retractable- Mast Electromechanical Hydrofoil” By Axton Isaly, Antonio Diaz, Moses Divaker, Ryan Earl, Lucas Murphy, Andrew Ortega, Travis Whitley, Sebastian Deleon, Michael Griffis, Peter Ifju 2 | March 2021 | No. 133-1 NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL TABLE OF CONTENTS March 2021 | Vol. 133 | No. 1 69 TECHNICAL PAPERS 69 Fault Detection for Naval Pulsed-Energy 143 Smart Diagnostics For Marine Diesel Engines Mission Loads Using a Novel Machine Using Torsional Vibrations Signals on the Ship Learning Approach Propulsion Shaft-Line LCDR Damian Oslebo, PE, Dr. Keith A. Corzine, Do Duc Luu, Cao Duc Hanh, Dr. Todd Weatherford, Atif Maqsood Pham Van Ngoc, Nguyen Xuan Tru 83 Rethinking Propulsion Machinery 155 The Series-Load-Resonant Converter Instrumentation for Autonomous Operations as a Shipboard Power System Interface: Dr. James C. Dowd, PE, Michael E. Fitzgerald, PE A Detailed Analysis Dr. Robert W. Ashton, Dr. Keith A. Corzine 91 Optimization Based Concept Design for Autonomous Sailing Vessels Julian C. Fraize, Dr. Mirjam Fürth, Dr. Steven Hoffenson, Brian Chell 103 Flexible Ships: Business Case Modeling by Applying Strategic Real Options and Monte Carlo Simulation Modeling ON THE COVER NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL March 2021 | Vol. 133 | No. 1 Dr. Johnathan Mun The aurora borealis over Ice Camp Seadragon 121 rimaran Hull Ship Design Using T during Ice Exercise The Morphing Design Method (ICEX) 2020. ICEX 2020 Dynamic Ju Young Kang, Sung-chul Shin, Environment is a biennial submarine Has Changed Drastically Since Chae-og Lim, Young Hoon Moon End of Cold War exercise which promotes What We Thought We Knew About the Arctic Is Wrong 30 interoperability between 133 Current Sharing in Multi-Parallel Cell Batteries allies and partners to Supplying High Power Transient Loads Fault Detection for Naval Pulsed-Energy Trimaran Hull Ship Design Using maintain operational Mission Loads Using a Novel The Morphing Design Method 121 Machine Learning Approach 69 Caroline S. Westenhover, David A. Wetz, Current Sharing in Multi-Parallel Cell Batteries Rethinking Propulsion Machinery Supplying High Power Transient Loads 133 Instrumentation for Autonomous Operations 83 readiness and regional Smart Diagnostics For Marine Diesel David A. Dodson, Brian J. McRee, Optimization Based Concept Design for Engines Using Torsional Vibrations Signals Autonomous Sailing Vessels 91 on the Ship Propulsion Shaft-Line 143 stability, while improving Flexible Ships: Business Case Modeling The Series-Load-Resonant Converter Brett M. Huhman, John M. Heinzel by Applying Strategic Real Options and as a Shipboard Power System Interface: Monte Carlo Simulation Modeling 103 A Detailed Analysis 155 capabilities to operate in www.navalengineers.org the Arctic environment. U.S. NAVY PHOTO BY MASS COMMUNICATION SPECIALIST 1ST CLASS MICHAEL B. ZINGARO/RELEASED NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL March 2021 | No. 133-1 | 3 FEATURE Dynamic Environment Has Changed Drastically Since End of the Cold War Diminishing Ice Reveals an Astonishing Fact: What We Thought We Knew about the Arctic Is Wrong By CAPT Edward Lundquist, USN (Ret.) S THE ARCTIC ICE IS DIMINISHING, and especially the growing numbers and quality of Russian interest in the region, the once foreboding icy submarines, means the region’s strategic importance has also high north, so hostile to humans, now seems to be increased. Aextending a warm welcome to people, whether for According to the U.S. Navy’s Strategic Outlook for Arctic, defense, commerce, fishing or tourism. issued in January 2019, “Current scientific evidence indicates The U.S. Navy and its NATO allies long considered the Arc- the character of Arctic continues to change. The composition tic as a potential sanctuary and battlespace for nuclear powered of the sea ice is trending thinner and younger and sea ice submarines that can safely and covertly maneuver under the coverage is still decreasing. Though sea ice extent has declined ice for extended periods of time. The Soviets had the same idea. at a rate of 13% per decade in the summer and 3% per decade That’s why so much research was conducted to build and main- in the winter, understanding and accurately predicting both tain a foundational knowledge of the dynamic ocean, ice and the inter-annual variability and regional ice coverage remains atmospheric environment. As the Cold War tensions thawed, challenging.” the research was reduced. Now, thirty years later, relations Neil Barton, Ph.D., Global Modeling Section Meteorologist between Russia and NATO have turned frigid again. at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Marine Meteorology The Department of the Navy release of “A Blue Arctic-A Division in Monterey, Calif., said the main challenge in mod- Strategic Blueprint for the Arctic,” in January, emphasized the eling the earth system in the extreme poleward latitudes in the urgency . “In the decades ahead, rapidly melting sea ice and scarcity of observations to initialize and diagnose their models. increasingly navigable Arctic waters – a Blue Arctic – will cre- “Obtaining and maintaining in situ observations is difficult ate new challenges and opportunities off our northern shores. because of harsh conditions. In addition, many satellite obser- Without sustained American naval presence and partnerships vations have more difficulties observing meteorological and in the Arctic Region, peace and prosperity will be increasingly ocean conditions compared to lower latitudes due to the cold challenged by Russia and China, whose interests and values surface, a surface with a high albedo (referring to how much differ dramatically from ours. Competing views of how to radiation from the sun is reflected or absorbed by the surface), control increasingly accessible marine resources and sea routes, and low amounts of moisture in the atmosphere.” unintended military accidents and conflict, and spill-over of In addition to observation scarcity, Barton said that the major power competition in the Arctic all have the potential surface processes at the polar latitudes are complex due to the to threaten U.S. interests and prosperity. These challenges are tight connection between the ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere. compounded by increasing risk of environmental degradation Changes in the sea ice are greatly related to changes in the and disasters, accidents at sea, and displacement of people and atmosphere and ocean. wildlife as human activity increases in the region.” What scientist have learned is that the Cold War physics The Blue Arctic document coincided with the release of models for ambient noise, currents and salinity are today a report from the Congressional Research Service (CRS) obsolete. The models that were so painstakingly developed on “Changes in the Arctic,” which acknowledged that the during the Cold War to faithfully predict underwater acoustic diminishment of Arctic sea ice has led to increased human properties for sonar, are no longer valid. That means layers activities in the Arctic, and has heightened interest in, and and channels that could be used in the past to detect and track concerns about, the region’s future. Resurgence of Russia’s submarines are no longer there, or have changed. military, which has a significant presence in the Russian Arctic, 30 | March 2021 | No. 133-1 NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL MIT researchers deploy the Bluefin Robotics- built MACRURA Unmanned