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DIVA Booklet 2 ” HIMA! - Revolutionerande Park – Examensarbete” ”HIMA! - Revolutionary Park – Degree Project” Hayk Shahinyan Handledare/ Ori Merom & Supervisor Charlie Gullström Hughes Examinator/ Anders Johansson Examiner Examensarbete inom arkitektur, avancerad nivå 30 hp Degree Project in Architecture, Second Level 30 credits 05 june 2014 THESIS BOOKLET DEFINITION ABSTRACT SITE / SCENE Democracy as a governmental form originating from ancient Greek "rule of the people" and Alongside with dierent social, economical or regional factors in various contemporary Regardless the economic or geographic situation in a country there will always be some opposing the "rule of an elite" embody social, economic, legal and cultural conditions that realms the covert antidemocratic and antisocialist political systems with their harmful eect percent emigration or immigration and those people will always be treated in a dierent way ensure the free and equal participation for all eligible human beings in creation and develop- on the entire governmental and institutional machines are some of the main preconditions from place to place, country to country, nation to nation. Their aims and dreams will be alient ment of laws and political self-determination. Democracy as in its denition should be in for “draining” the citizens out from their homeland in search of better life, which create big to each other and their backgrounds may contrast dramatically, however in reality most of contrary to other forms of government where power is held by the nowadays “elite” which number of immigration with all the consequences. them once settled share their common space and new language, adapt to dierent climate could be a “monarch” with his supporters or a small or larger group of individuals such as in and traditions. Political system should appropriately respond, predict and control those oligarchy. Me, as a passionate citizen and young member of society coming from a country with similar processes. serious symptoms and ongoing problems, I am interested in exploring those issues from However, in modern life and in many contemporary countries governments usually have architectural and environmental perspective. Investigating on an example how architecture As potential sites or scenes for the project I consider Armenian and Swedish realities, with mixed some democratic principles with oligarchic, monarchic and sometimes criminal can positively inuence on dierent vital processes of citizens, taking into consideration intention to choose and dene exact plot along with the explicit program. Following my elements. dierent aspects such as conditions in corrupt society, in immigration or repatriation, in new personal interest in these countries I found the relevant similarities and contrasts. or established demoncracy. Among several variations and modications of democracies there are two basic forms, both of As one of many other post Soviet Union countries Armenia is a young established republic which concern how the whole body of all eligible citizens full its will. In direct democracy as with shadows of soviet / russian inuences, slow economic and infrasructural development, one of these forms all citizens have direct and active participation in governmental decision corruptional risks and bureaucracy, but unique with ages of historical heritage, knowledge making, while in most modern democratic systems the representative democracy is and layers of culture and family centralised society. Against the background of mass established, where the entire body of eligible citizens’ power executed indirectly through emigration of locals and lack of democracy rare cases of mass repatriation happen such as big elected representatives. In reality particularly this type of representative democracy is the ow of syrian-armenians during last years due to war situation. However, despite the positive most aected by corruption and oligarchic inuence in the whole. fact of population inux with no language or religious dissonance, the government in general did not support newcomers with minimal settling down like accommodation, education, job etc. Some of them with own funds stayed and succeeded, but most of these syrian-armenians left the homeland of their grandparents shortly. DEMOCRACY [ noun ] “Impossible to declare democracy. In period of 10 year 2001-2011 190 000 permanent “If your physical environment has an inuence on A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible Its establishment citizens left Armenia according to 2011 Census. members of a state, typically through elected representatives: how you behave, then there is a political message, - it's quite a lengthy process that requires a dier- By that time Armenia's population was 3 million because that particular behavior is part of that CORRUPTION [ noun ] ent way of thinking and behavior. No society, no people. particular society at that particular time” Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically country becomes a democracy in 20 or 30 years. involving bribery: The action or eect of making someone or The world does not know of such In rst 9 months of 2013 the picture was more grim as - Kjetil Trædal Thorsen something morally depraved: examples.” around 108 000 people left Armenia and the Snøhetta permanent population was 2.8 million people. EMIGRATION / IMMIGRATION [ nouns ] The act of leaving one’s own country to settle permanently in - Vladimir Posner another; moving abroad: The action of coming to live permanently Russian/American journalist - National Statistcal Service of Reoblic of Armenia in a foreign country: - Oxford Dictionary of English Hundreds of thousands of Ukranian people on EuroMaidan protest and defend their right to Northern Avenue, located in the heart of Yerevan. The avenue is mainly home to luxurious Demolition of Central covered market in Yerevan, choose the political course of the country towards European Union integration. residential buildings & business centres, elite brand shops & restaurants. Completed in 2007. More historical and architectural monument of USSR and Republic of Armenia 7000 visitors watching screening from inside Carmen outdoors on the roof of Oslo Opera House. December 2013 than third of apartments are not inhabited so far. There is not a single tree on 450 meter. in sake of local oligarch/National Assembly deputy’s supermarket. December 2013 April 2009 https://plus.google.com/photos/+MaxUa/albums/6021477623690335329?banner=pwa http://www.adventurous-travels.com/2013/07/yerevan-armenia-pink-city.html PanARMENIAN Photo, http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/photoset/2312/ http://leirdal.net/blog/archives/145-carmen-outdoors-on-the-roof-of-oslo-opera-house.html HIMA ! REVOLUTIONARY PARK. YEREVAN, ARMENIA HAYK SHAHINYAN / SUPERVISORS - ORI MEROM, CHARLIE GULLSTRÖM KTH ABE MASTER THESIS PROJECT / SPRING 2014 Global map of protests in 2013 http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/interactive/2013/jul/17/global-map-protests-2013 HIMA! / NOW! - translation from Armenian REVOLUTIONARY PARK IN YEREVAN, ARMENIA In light of recent and ongoing protests, demonstrations and riots in Ukraine, Egypt, Israel or Armenia, some actual questions arise such as how is the built environment used as an area of protest, how it is chosen as a focal point or path for resistance, what are the common characteristics of revolutionary spaces and how the environment eects on success. Lack of democracy from the government and in everyday life of Armenia society, total corruption and feeling of impunity oligarchy, the government and most of governmental institutions, weak economic growth accompanied by alarming number of emigration as well as successful scenarios in neighboring Georgia and Ukrain, force to predict a inescapable eruption of protests Armenia in near future. History shows that protests and civil disobedience are inevitable and necessary expressions of dissent in any democratic nation and country. Howerver there are dierent passive tools such as Public Forums, discussions, freedom of speach and media and other. With this project I want to create a great Park with generous program embracing main democratic principles as a Public Space and Forum for everyone in capital of Armenia, Yerevan, BUT in case of nascent civil resistance the Park will become a space as a tool with urban inventory that people can use, manipulate, claim in order to defent theirvalues and save own lifes. “Playground for Democracy” RESEARCH & ANALYSIS AERIAL VIEW BOUNDARIES SPACE Tahrir Square, CAIRO, EGYPT Diverse movements of demonstrations, marches, plaza occupations, strikes and riots, civil resistance and acts of civil disobedience followed the uprising on 25 Jan 2011 and involved millions of protesters across Egypt against President Mubarak and eventually ended up with overthrow of him. In result of violent clashes at least 846 people killed and around 100 000 injured. Tahrir square was the focal of main political protests. During the uprising the capital Cairo turned into a "a war zone" when the protesters deed the government imposed curfew and the police and military did not enforce it. To prepare for a revolution, opposition groups studied the work of Gene Sharp on non-violent revolution and worked with leaders of Serbian Otpor! and prepared a plan with 20 dierent anounced locations for protests and 1 secret location, which eventually succeeded to the Square by growing number of people and easely overpowering police’s late blockades. Tahrir Square encampment was the focal during anti-Mubarak protesters
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