” HIMA! - Revolutionerande Park
– Examensarbete”
”HIMA! - Revolutionary Park – Degree Project”
Hayk Shahinyan
Handledare/ Ori Merom & Supervisor Charlie Gullström Hughes
Examinator/ Anders Johansson Examiner
Examensarbete inom arkitektur, avancerad nivå 30 hp Degree Project in Architecture, Second Level 30 credits 05 june 2014
THESIS BOOKLET
DEFINITION ABSTRACT SITE / SCENE
Democracy as a governmental form originating from ancient Greek "rule of the people" and Alongside with di erent social, economical or regional factors in various contemporary Regardless the economic or geographic situation in a country there will always be some opposing the "rule of an elite" embody social, economic, legal and cultural conditions that realms the covert antidemocratic and antisocialist political systems with their harmful e ect percent emigration or immigration and those people will always be treated in a di erent way ensure the free and equal participation for all eligible human beings in creation and develop- on the entire governmental and institutional machines are some of the main preconditions from place to place, country to country, nation to nation. Their aims and dreams will be alient ment of laws and political self-determination. Democracy as in its de nition should be in for “draining” the citizens out from their homeland in search of better life, which create big to each other and their backgrounds may contrast dramatically, however in reality most of contrary to other forms of government where power is held by the nowadays “elite” which number of immigration with all the consequences. them once settled share their common space and new language, adapt to di erent climate could be a “monarch” with his supporters or a small or larger group of individuals such as in and traditions. Political system should appropriately respond, predict and control those oligarchy. Me, as a passionate citizen and young member of society coming from a country with similar processes. serious symptoms and ongoing problems, I am interested in exploring those issues from However, in modern life and in many contemporary countries governments usually have architectural and environmental perspective. Investigating on an example how architecture As potential sites or scenes for the project I consider Armenian and Swedish realities, with mixed some democratic principles with oligarchic, monarchic and sometimes criminal can positively in uence on di erent vital processes of citizens, taking into consideration intention to choose and de ne exact plot along with the explicit program. Following my elements. di erent aspects such as conditions in corrupt society, in immigration or repatriation, in new personal interest in these countries I found the relevant similarities and contrasts. or established demoncracy. Among several variations and modi cations of democracies there are two basic forms, both of As one of many other post Soviet Union countries Armenia is a young established republic which concern how the whole body of all eligible citizens ful l its will. In direct democracy as with shadows of soviet / russian in uences, slow economic and infrasructural development, one of these forms all citizens have direct and active participation in governmental decision corruptional risks and bureaucracy, but unique with ages of historical heritage, knowledge making, while in most modern democratic systems the representative democracy is and layers of culture and family centralised society. Against the background of mass established, where the entire body of eligible citizens’ power executed indirectly through emigration of locals and lack of democracy rare cases of mass repatriation happen such as big elected representatives. In reality particularly this type of representative democracy is the ow of syrian-armenians during last years due to war situation. However, despite the positive most a ected by corruption and oligarchic in uence in the whole. fact of population in ux with no language or religious dissonance, the government in general did not support newcomers with minimal settling down like accommodation, education, job etc. Some of them with own funds stayed and succeeded, but most of these syrian-armenians left the homeland of their grandparents shortly.
DEMOCRACY [ noun ] “Impossible to declare democracy. In period of 10 year 2001-2011 190 000 permanent “If your physical environment has an in uence on A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible Its establishment citizens left Armenia according to 2011 Census. members of a state, typically through elected representatives: how you behave, then there is a political message, - it's quite a lengthy process that requires a di er- By that time Armenia's population was 3 million because that particular behavior is part of that CORRUPTION [ noun ] ent way of thinking and behavior. No society, no people. particular society at that particular time” Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically country becomes a democracy in 20 or 30 years. involving bribery: The action or e ect of making someone or The world does not know of such In rst 9 months of 2013 the picture was more grim as - Kjetil Trædal Thorsen something morally depraved: examples.” around 108 000 people left Armenia and the Snøhetta permanent population was 2.8 million people. EMIGRATION / IMMIGRATION [ nouns ] The act of leaving one’s own country to settle permanently in - Vladimir Posner another; moving abroad: The action of coming to live permanently Russian/American journalist - National Statistcal Service of Reoblic of Armenia in a foreign country:
- Oxford Dictionary of English
Hundreds of thousands of Ukranian people on EuroMaidan protest and defend their right to Northern Avenue, located in the heart of Yerevan. The avenue is mainly home to luxurious Demolition of Central covered market in Yerevan, choose the political course of the country towards European Union integration. residential buildings & business centres, elite brand shops & restaurants. Completed in 2007. More historical and architectural monument of USSR and Republic of Armenia 7000 visitors watching screening from inside Carmen outdoors on the roof of Oslo Opera House. December 2013 than third of apartments are not inhabited so far. There is not a single tree on 450 meter. in sake of local oligarch/National Assembly deputy’s supermarket. December 2013 April 2009 https://plus.google.com/photos/+MaxUa/albums/6021477623690335329?banner=pwa http://www.adventurous-travels.com/2013/07/yerevan-armenia-pink-city.html PanARMENIAN Photo, http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/photoset/2312/ http://leirdal.net/blog/archives/145-carmen-outdoors-on-the-roof-of-oslo-opera-house.html HIMA ! REVOLUTIONARY PARK. YEREVAN, ARMENIA HAYK SHAHINYAN / SUPERVISORS - ORI MEROM, CHARLIE GULLSTRÖM KTH ABE MASTER THESIS PROJECT / SPRING 2014
Global map of protests in 2013 http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/interactive/2013/jul/17/global-map-protests-2013 HIMA! / NOW! - translation from Armenian REVOLUTIONARY PARK IN YEREVAN, ARMENIA
In light of recent and ongoing protests, demonstrations and riots in Ukraine, Egypt, Israel or Armenia, some actual questions arise such as how is the built environment used as an area of protest, how it is chosen as a focal point or path for resistance, what are the common characteristics of revolutionary spaces and how the environment e ects on success.
Lack of democracy from the government and in everyday life of Armenia society, total corruption and feeling of impunity oligarchy, the government and most of governmental institutions, weak economic growth accompanied by alarming number of emigration as well as successful scenarios in neighboring Georgia and Ukrain, force to predict a inescapable eruption of protests Armenia in near future.
History shows that protests and civil disobedience are inevitable and necessary expressions of dissent in any democratic nation and country. Howerver there are di erent passive tools such as Public Forums, discussions, freedom of speach and media and other.
With this project I want to create a great Park with generous program embracing main democratic principles as a Public Space and Forum for everyone in capital of Armenia, Yerevan, BUT in case of nascent civil resistance the Park will become a space as a tool with urban inventory that people can use, manipulate, claim in order to defent theirvalues and save own lifes.
“Playground for Democracy” RESEARCH & ANALYSIS AERIAL VIEW BOUNDARIES SPACE
Tahrir Square, CAIRO, EGYPT Diverse movements of demonstrations, marches, plaza occupations, strikes and riots, civil resistance and acts of civil disobedience followed the uprising on 25 Jan 2011 and involved millions of protesters across Egypt against President Mubarak and eventually ended up with overthrow of him. In result of violent clashes at least 846 people killed and around 100 000 injured. Tahrir square was the focal of main political protests.
During the uprising the capital Cairo turned into a "a war zone" when the protesters de ed the government imposed curfew and the police and military did not enforce it. To prepare for a revolution, opposition groups studied the work of Gene Sharp on non-violent revolution and worked with leaders of Serbian Otpor! and prepared a plan with 20 di erent anounced locations for protests and 1 secret location, which eventually succeeded to the Square by growing number of people and easely overpowering police’s late blockades.
Tahrir Square encampment was the focal during anti-Mubarak protesters 18 days of demonstrations was surrounded by barricades, checkpoints with security. Main Camp site was arranged on the central tra c ring lawn and on adjacent areas to the square. The main stage, open air and enclosed clinics, water points, food stalls, toilets, information and newspaper stands, as well as a kindergarden and bloggers and media area. TAHRIR SQUARE. FEBRUARY 2011 THE FOCAL POINT OF PROTESTS & CAMPSITE, AREAS OF CLASHES SURROUNDING BUILDINGS AS BOUNDARIES OF THE SITE ACCESSIBLE SPACE & CONNECTION ROUTES Maidan Nezalezhnosti, KIEV, UKRAINE The Euromaidan demonstrations in Ukraine, started on the night of 21 Nov 2013 with public peacful protests demanding that Ukrain sign an Association Agreement with EU, and turned into national civil unrest after the violent dispersal of protesting studens by Berkut special forces using tear gas batons on 30th Nov caught on several live cameras. On December 1st up to 400 000 people went on the streets for mass rally and thousands of people occupied the Independence Square ever since. From 25 Jan , the protests had been fueled by several developments, clashes on 18-19 Jan, rst deaths on 22 Jan and reached the highest level of violence on 18-20 Feb when riot police moved to clear the peaceful protest camp leaving 77 deads, many of them killed by snipers, nearly 600 wounded.
The Campsite itself is well protected autonomous “fortress” with heathing points, rst aid points, storages, camps, own “army” with weapon (bottles, stones, sticks, makeshift shield from street signes, plywood, metal etc), watchtowers along the 5m barricades with several layers of protection like barbed wire, ropes, barrels, iron crosses in front and a bu er zone bordered with tires behind. There are shops, press and media, several kitchens with free food for everyone. Defence is organised by platoons with own commanders and during a free time ghting trainings are held. The main stage is active almost 24 hours per day. The territory of Maidan is fully pedestrian. Activists have formed several "self-defence" and “automaidan” groups.
MAIDAN NEZALEJNOSTI. FEBRUARY 2014 THE FOCAL POINT OF PROTESTS & AREAS OF CLASHES SURROUNDING BUILDINGS AS BOUNDARIES OF THE SITE ACCESSIBLE SPACE & CONNECTIONS TO THE STREET PATTERN Taksim Square & Gezi Park, ISTANBUL, TURKEY
Initially peaceful environmental protests began on 27 May 2013 against the urban development plan of demolition of Istanbul's Taksim Gezi Park and rebuilding Taksim Military Barracks with shopping mall and luxury ats. The protests culminated into creation of an encampment occupying the park, which was violently evicted by the police on 29 May. Subsequently, supporting protests and strikes took place across Turkey protesting a wide range of concerns, such as freedom of the press, of expression, assembly etc and eventually developed into the largest anti-government protests accross Turkey for decades with no centralised leadership beyond.
Social media played a key part in the protests, 3.5 million of Turkey's 80 million people are estimated to have taken an active part in almost 5,000 demonstrations across Turkey connected with the original Gezi Park protest. 11 people were killed and more than 8,000 were injured. The sit-in at Taksim Gezi Park was restored after police withdrew from Taksim Square on 1 June, and developed into a Temporary Autonomous Zone with thousands of protesters in tents, library, natural garden, medical center, fully functioning food distribu- tion, and own media and activities, until the camp was cleared by riot police on 15 June. Protesters began to meet in other parks among the local folks all around Turkey and organised public forums to discuss ways forward for the protests, democracy and justice and to share personal experiences. More than 30 forums were organised only in Istanbul. TAKSIM SQUARE. JUNE 2013 THE FOCAL POINTS OF PROTESTS & CAMPSITE SURROUNDING BLOCKS & BUILDINGS AS BOUNDARIES ACCESSIBLE SPACE & CONNECTIONS TO THE STREET PATTERN Myasnikyan Square, YEREVAN, ARMENIA
Mass protests organised by supporters of the unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Armenian presidential election of 19 February 2008 and against an allegedly rigged presidential elections and electoral fraud that were held in Yerevan. During 9 days of peaceful protests around 132 tents were set up in Freedom (Opera) Square for 24 hour protests.
The national police and military forces dispersed 700 - 1000 protesters who stayed there overnight on 1 March. Afternoon, about 150 000 protesters and 3000 riot police had gathered in Myasnikyan Square, in THE SITE THE SITE front of French Embassy, next to the Children’s Park and City Hall. Late night same day clashes broke out between riot police with security forces and about 2,000 protesters who barricaded themselves with burnt police buses and cars at Myasnikyan Square. Protesters were using pavement stones and iron bars from the park’s fence as weapon to protect from riot police’s batons and shields.
According to o cial reports 10 people were killed and around 200 injured on the March 1 night.
FREEDOM SQUARE. FEBRUARY 2008 THE PATH OF CLASHES & FINAL DESTINATION OF THE MARCH POINT OF PROTEST SURROUNDING BUILDINGS & GREEN SPACES ACCESSIBLE SPACE & CONNECTIONS TO THE CITY STREET GRID SITE OF THE NEW PARK PROJECT FACTS / STATISTICS PROGRAM ON SITE PROGRAM BARRICADES INVENTORY CAMEL & HORSE RIDES BY PRO-MUBARAK SUPPORTERS OVER PROTESTERS MUSLIMS PRAYING IN FRONT OF TANKS LOCATION MAIN STAGE THE SQUARE / CAIRO, EGYPT CAMPSITE DURATION OF EVENTS 25 Jan > 11 Feb 2011 PHARMACY, CLINICS
SCALE OF EVENTS BLOGGERS, MEDIA National, 250 000 Protesters WATER POINT FORM Demonstrations & Strikes, Riots, Civil FOOD STALLS Disobedience, Campsite, Deadly Clashes TOILETS SIZE OF SPACE KINDERGARDEN 35 500 m² RUBBISH BINS CONFRONTING SIDES Anti & Pro Mubarak Supporters PROGRAMMATIC MAP OF TAHRIR SQUARE CAMPSITE DURING THE PROTESTS PAVEMENT STONES, CORRUGATED METAL SHEETS AND METAL STRUCTURES USED FOR BARRICADES BY PROTESTERS SPREADING THE WORD, PROTESTERS ARMY USED PRECAST CONCRETE BLOCK FOR BARRICADES LOCATION MAIN STAGE Euromaidan / Kiev, Ukraine CAMPSITE DURATION OF EVENTS 21 Nov 2013 > 22 Mar 2014 > Present STREET & ENCLOSED CLINICS > SCALE OF EVENTS PRESS, MEDIA National, 350 000 - 500 000 Protesters CHAPEL FORM Peaceful Protests, Campsite, KITCHEN, FOOD Deadly Clashes TOILETS
SIZE OF SQUARE SHOWER 36 300 m² CLOTHES & PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT CONFRONTING SIDES ProEU Citizens vs Government COMPLEX STRUCTURE FOR SOME BARRICADES WAS PRELIMINARILY WELL DESIGNED FOR AVAILABLE MATERIALS & MANPOWER. KATAPULT IN MAIDAN, DEMONSTRANS SLEAPING IN THE CHURCH ANATOMY OF EUROMAIDAN IN CENTER OF KIEV MANY OTHER BARRICADED CONSTRUCTED OF HOUSEHOLD MATERIALS & URBAN FURNITURE LOCATION MAIN STAGE City of Resistance / Istanbul, Turkey CAMPSITE DURATION OF EVENTS 28 May 2013 > Present CLINIC & VETERINARY
SCALE OF EVENTS KITCHEN, FOOD National, 100 000 + Protesters LIVESTREAM PRAYER FORM Demonstrations & Strikes, Campsite, TV MEMORIAL Deadly Clashes, Public Forums RADIO STORAGE SIZE OF PARK LIBRARY GARDEN 36 400 m² CHILDREN’S CASTLE FOUNTAIN CONFRONTING SIDES CItizens vs Government SPONTANIOUS LIGHWEIGHT BARRICADES WERE BUILT ON THE STREETS, POLICEMAN SPRAYING TEAR GAS IN FRONT OF CAMERAS THE “MASTERPLAN” OF THE “CITY OF RESISTANCE” IN GEZI PARK, ISTANBUL SOME CRASHED BUSES ALSO WERE USED AS BARRICADE. TRASH BINS, PAVEMENT COBBLESTONE, METAL SHEETS ETC GEZI PARK LIBRARY WITH MORE THAN 5000 BOOKS LOCATION IMPROVISED STAGE Marti Mek / 1 March / Yerevan, Armenia YEREVAN CITY HALL DURATION OF EVENTS 25 Jan - 11 Feb 2011 EMBASSY OF FRANCE
SCALE OF EVENTS EMBASSY OF RUSSIA Local, 10 000 - 150 000 Protesters FORM Campsite, one-o March & Deadly Clashes LOCATION Yerevan, Armenia CONFRONTING SIDES Opposition Supporters vs Government MILITARY & CIVILIAN CARS AND BUSES WERE BURNT & ARRANGED ON STREETS AS BARRICADES IMPORIVISED STAGE ON MONUMENTS BASE, BROKEN IRON BARS FROM THE PARK FENCE FINAL POINT OF FEBRUARY PROTESTS IN 2008 IN THE ARMENIAN CAPITAL WHICH WERE USED AS BATONS TO DEFEND FROM RIOT POLICE DISPOSITION OF THE FUTURE PARK & IMPORTANT GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE CITY MASTER PLAN
HOSPITAL
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
OPERA HOUSE
FREEDOM SQUARE
“NAIRI” MEDICAL CENTER
REPUBLIC SQUARE GOVERNMENTAL BUILDING
THE MAIN AXIS
CITY HALL
THE SITE OF NEW PARK
N MASTER PLAN OF YEREVAN, CAPITAL OF ARMENIA CITY CENTER / SCALE 1:5000 CONCEPT & DESIGN
HAND SKETCH OF THE PARK MASTER PLAN, CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
PARK LANDSCAPE & AUDITORIUM BUILDINGS. HAND SKETCH PARK LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS. HAND SKETCH LANDSCAPE / PAVEMENT ELEMENTS. HAND SKETCH CONCEPT OF AUDITORIUM BUILDING. HAND SKETCH ELEVATED PATHWAYS. HAND SKETCH
CONCEPTUAL WORKING MODELS OF THE PARK CONCEPTUAL WORKING MODELS OF THE AUDITORIUM CONCEPTUAL WORKING MODELS OF THE AUDITORIUM
AUDITORIUM & ROOFTOP GARDEN CONCEPTUAL DESIGN. HAND SKETCH CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF VARIOUS LANDSCAPE & ARCHITECTURE ELEMENTS. HAND SKETCH ACCESS & EVACUATION CONCEPTUAL PLAN. HAND SKETCH PEACEFUL TIME ! CITY LIFE IN THE NEW PARK, EXTENDED PROGRAM THROUGH CONTINUOUS EXPERIENCE
ENGLISH PARK CONGRESS HOTEL
SHAHUMYAN SQUARE EMBASSY OF ITALY EMBASSY OF FRANCE
MYASNIKYAN SQUARE
CHILDREN’S PARK
CITY HALL OF YEREVAN
CITY LIFE IN THE NEW PARK EXTENDED PROGRAM THROUGH CONTINUOUS EXPERIENCE AXONOMETRY / AERIAL VIEW
ZAKIAN STR. 1,5 Ha open air cinema soapbox sound forum pond people’s assemblies natural gardens art gallerycafe materiality TOTAL 41 000 sqm OF GREEN IN CITY CENTER OF YEREVAN GREAT REVITALISED PARK FOR EVERYONE WITH INTENSE PROGRAM REST park playground / WITHOUT EXCLUDING AREAS OF PATHWAYS, BUILDINGS, ETC & PLAY, TRAIN & EAT, WATCH A CINEMA OR ATTEND A CONCERT. community equality accessibility place time amphitheater training spaces STR. MOVSES KHORENATSI
GRIGOR LUSAVORICH AV. GRIGOR LUSAVORICH beauty relax BEIRUT STR. fun future park site
PARK PROGRAM IN PEACE PLAN / SCALE 1:2000 PARK PROGRAM IN PEACE PLAN / SCALE 1:2000
ITALY STR.
NEW PUBLIC FORUM FOR PEOPLE TO MEET, SPEAK, CRITISIZE, AERIAL VIEW TO THE ACTUAL SITE IN YEREVAN, A.MYASNIKYAN SQUARE AND THE PARK SITE BEHIND THE STATUE PARK PROGRAM IN PEACE PLAN / SCALE 1:2000 THE PARK WILL HAVE AMPHITHEATRE AND OPEN AIR CINEMA FOR EVERYONE DISCUSS SOCIAL ISSUES TO BUILD A COMMON POLITICAL VOCABULARY
PARK PROGRAM IN PEACE PLAN / SCALE 1:2000 RESTLESS TIMES ! SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE PARK DURING RESTLESS TIMES OF PROTESTS & POLITICAL DESTABILISATION. HIDDEN SECONDARY PROGRAM OF URBAN ATTRIBUTES & STRUCTURES.
ENGLISH PARK POTENTIAL SNIPER POSITION
LIVE WITNESSES OF ALL THE HAPPENINGS LIVE WITNESSES OF ALL THE HAPPENINGS
MYASNIKYAN SQUARE
CHILDREN’S PARK
CITY HALL OF YEREVAN
SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE PARK DURING RESTLESS TIMES OF PROTESTS & POLITICAL DESTABILISATION. HIDDEN SECONDARY PROGRAM OF URBAN ATTRIBUTES & STRUCTURES. AXONOMETRY / AERIAL VIEW
RUSSIAN EMBASSY 65 000 climate freedom of speach stage weaponry voice peaceful protest barricade materiality defensibility food CITY HALL THE PARK CAN ACCOMODATE UP TO 176 000 PEOPLE AT ONCE IN TOTAL URBAN LANDSCAPE FOR PEACEFUL PROTESTS ARMED RESISTANCE TO resistance landscape crowd FULLY PACKED ANY VIOLENT ACTIONS & ONSETS, ENVIRONMENT TO DEFEND ONE’S communication resonance access livestream PARK PROGRAM IN PEACE PLAN / SCALE 1:2000 PARK PROGRAM IN PEACEBELIEFS PLAN / SCALE & 1:2000 LIFE, BE ABLE TO SUSTAIN WITH SHELTER, PROTECTION, FOOD, MEDICAL CARE & HYGIENE, COMMUNICATION & INDEPENDENT MEDIA surveillance training spaces light drama anger faith MYASNIKYAN SQUARE
future protest site SHAHUMYAN SQUARE
FRENCH EMBASSY
N URBAN SPACE FOR PEOPLE TO PROTEST & EXPRESS THEIR DISAGREEMENT CENTRAL STAGE FOR COORDINATION OF THE PROTESTS, STATEMENTS PARK PROGRAM IN PROTESTS PLAN / SCALE 1:2000 ACCESSIBLE EXITS, ROUTES & DIRECTIONS FOR PEOPLE’S EVACUATION & RUNAWAY AT HIGH RISK SITUATIONS OR SUPPORT, ADAPTED ENVIRONMENT FOR PEOPLE’S LARGE SCALE & SPEACHES, A TARGET POINT FOR MEDIA
PARK PROGRAM IN PEACEDEMONSTRATIONS PLAN / SCALE 1:2000 UP TO CIVIL UNREST, PLACE TO SHARE THOUGHTS.PARK PROGRAM IN PEACE PLAN / SCALE 1:2000 MASTER PLAN OF THE NEW PARK / FORUM / SQUARE FOR THE CITY ! PARK PROGRAM IN PEACE PLAN / SCALE 1:2000
NEW MASTER PLAN OF THE PROPOSED PARK
CHILDREN’S PARK
MYASNIKYAN SQUARE REVOLUTIONARY PARK SHAHUMYAN SQUARE
EMBASSY OF ITALY CONGRESS HOTEL N PLAN OF THE PARK ENGLISH PARK GROUND LEVEL / SCALE 1:250
PLAN OF THE PARK GROUND LEVEL / SCALE 1:250
LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF THE PARK / SCALE 1:250
AERIAL VIEW TO THE BIG SHADE CANOPY, THE POND AND THE ROOF GARDEN THE MAIN PROMENADE GEOMETRY, SKATING RAMP, AMPHITHEATRE, GALLERY, THE HILL
EYE LEVEL VIEW TO THE CITY HALL TOWER FROM UNDER THE BIG SHADE CANOPY AERIAL VIEW TO THE AMPHITHEATRE, THE BIG LAWN WITH STAGE AND THE VINES GARDEN EYE LEVEL VIEW TO THE BIGSHADE CANOPY AND THE POND FROM THE MAIN PROMENADE THE CROWD OCCUPIED THE PARK !
IMAGINARY PICTURE OF PROTESTS IN THE PARK A CONCEPTUAL PERSPECTIVE URBAN FURNITURE & PARK STRUCTURES DESIGNED WITH HIDDEN AGENDA FOR SAFETY OF PEOPLE
MAIN TRIBUNE FOR SPEACH TRIBUNE FOR MEETINGS
THE BIG SHADE ROOF GARDEN
THE HILL
LIVE STREAMING SCREEN THE POND
SOAPBOX CORNER
MEETING & DISCUSSION SPACE THE MISTY CATWALK THE POND SOAPBOX CORNER SKATING RAMP OUTDOOR AMPHITHEATRE
THE BIG LAWN
SKATING RAMP OUTDOOR MOVIE SCREEN
OUTDOOR STAGE RESERVOIR / STORAGE
SPEACH STAGE THE BIG PLAZA
OUTDOOR STAGE
SKATING RINK PEAKS DECKED GARDEN WOODEN DECK PLANKS...... FOR CATAPULT INDOOR AUDITORIUM OUTDOOR SCREEN 300 SEATS
URBAN FURNITURE, BENCHES
USED AS BARRICADES PROTESTERS THROWING STONES
THE POND
MAIN SURFACACE OF THE PROMENADE IRON BARS, PIPES FROM STRUCTURE USED AS BATON
THE GRAND STAIR COLLECTING PAVEMENT STONE
FOUNTAIN CORNER
METAL STRUCTURE
VINES GARDEN
COBBLE STONE PAVEMENT
THE MAIN ENTRANCE PEACE & CLASH !
IMAGINARY VISUALISATION OF TWO DIFFERENT SCENARIOS REFERENCES
BBOOKS / E-BOOKS:
- Sullivan, Louis. 1961. Democracy. A Man-Search: Detroit: Wayne State University Press. - Sharp, Gene. 1973. The Politics of Nonviolent Action (3 Vols.) Boston: Porter Sargent Publishers. - Koolhaas, Rem., Zenghelis, Elia., Vriesendorp, Madelon., and Zoe Zenghelis. 1972. Exodus, or the Voluntary Prisoners of Architecture. Architecture Thesis Project. Architectural Association. MOMA The Collection: http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?object_id=104692 - Miralles, Enric and Tagliabue, Benedetta. 2006. EMBT: Enric Miralles, Benedetta Tagliabue: work in progress: Book & DVD ed. The University of Michigan. Actar. - Exhibition Foreign O ce Architects. 2004. Phylogenesis: Foa's Ark. Actar. - Holl, Steven. 2007. Steven Holl: Architecture Spoken: Rizzoli. - Tschumi, Bernard. 2008. Bernard Tschumi, Gilles de Bure: 1st ed. Birkhauser Verlag AG. - Harvey, David. 2013. REBEL CITIES: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution. 2 ed. London: Verso Books. - MacDonald, Donald. 1996. Democratic Architecture: Practical Solutions to Today's Housing Crisis: Watson-Guptill Pub. - Orwell, George. 1949. Nineteen Eighty-Four: London: Secker and Warburg. - Hatherley, Owen. 2012. Across the Plaza: The Public Voids of the Post-Soviet City: Moscow: Strelka Press; 1 ed. E-book. - Hatuka, Tali. 2008. URBAN DESIGN AND CIVIL PROTEST. Exhibiting how people use, manipulate, claim, and appropriate urban space. Exhibition: Comptopn Gallery, MIT Museum. http://www7.tau.ac.il/hatuka/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/TaliConvert.pdf , http://designprotest.tau.ac.il/
ONLINE ARTICLES:
- Ockman, Joan. June 2011. What Is Democratic Architecture? The Public Life of Buildings: Dissent: A Quarterly of Politics and Culture. http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/what-is-democratic-architecture-the-public-life-of-buildings (Accessed 2014-01-15, Now the article is locked) - The Washington Post. January 19, 2009. How Many People Can Fit on the Mall? http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/graphic/2009/01/19/GR2009011900114.html (Accessed 2014-03-04) - Science Daily. February 25, 2011. Designing a city for safe protests. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110223122300.htm (Accessed 2014-03-02) - Deccan Herald. February 5 2014. How to size up the crowd - a lesson in Cairo. http://www.deccanherald.com/content/134999/content/215577/patents-please-countrys-economic-growth.html Accessed 2014-03-04) - Mammoth. February 22, 2011. Revolutionary Space. http://m.ammoth.us/blog/2011/02/revolutionary-space/ (Accessed 2014-03-01) - The Wall Street Journal. Feb. 11, 2011. The Secret Rally That Sparked an Uprising. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704132204576135882356532702 (Accessed 2014-03-01) - Fast Codesign. April 30, 2014. Weapons, Bribes, And Dictators: Where Architects Draw The Line. http://www.fastcodesign.com/3028892/slicker-city/weapons-bribes-and-dictators-where-architects-draw-the-line (Accessed 2014-03-01) - Wikipedia. Soapbox. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soapbox (Accessed 2014-05-04) - Ukrainian Gun Owners Association. March 21, 2013. Руководство по выживанию и обороне города. http://zbroya.info/ru/blog/525_rukovodstvo-po-vyzhivaniiu-i-oborone-goroda/ (Accessed 2014-03-01) - The Guardian. July 17, 2013. Global map of protests: 2013 so far. http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/interactive/2013/jul/17/global-map-protests-2013 (Accessed 2014-03-01) - Foreign Policy. August 22, 2013. Mapped: Every Protest on the Planet Since 1979. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/08/22/mapped_what_every_protest_in_the_last_34_years_looks_like (Accessed 2014-03-01)
WEBSITES: http://www.democracynow.org/blog http://democraticarchitecture.tumblr.com/ http://www.pps.org/ http://www.panarmenian.net/ http://vladimirpozner.ru/ http://www.hromadske.tv/ http://obozrevatel.com/ FINAL PRESENTATION
PANEL 1 / 841x1300mm PANEL 2 / 841x1300mm PANEL 3, 4 / 2300x1300mm PANEL 5 / 841x1300mm
FINAL PRESENTATION LAYOUT ON THE BOARDS, SKETCHES & WORKING MODELS BELOW 3D PRINT MODEL IN A BOX / SCALE 1:200 / DIMENSIONS 1500x800mm