MIYAGI 外 務 省 復 興 発 信 使 派 遣 事 業 講 演

Miyagi Prefecture’s Crisis Management System ～ Based on the Great East Japan Earthquake experience ～

Yoshio Onodera Director of Risk Management General Affairs Department, Miyagi Prefectural Government

February 16, 2012 1 MIYAGI Overview of Miyagi Prefecture (Prior to Great East Japan Earthquake)

Southeast of the Tohoku (northeastern) region; Approx. Location 350 km north of Tokyo

(According to Oct. 2009 Geospatial Area 7,285.76 km2 Information Authority of Japan records)

(According to Mar. 2011 Miyagi Population 2,346,853 Prefecture statistics)

(According to Mar. 2010 Ministry of No. of 906,925 Internal Affairs and Communications households records)

 Eastern Miyagi faces the Pacific Ocean, with the vast Rias coastline. It is a bountiful fishing location and home to Matsushima – one of three most scenic spots in Japan and other scenic tourist destinations  Western Miyagi is lined with famous mountain ranges including Zeo, Funagata and Kurikoma. The Nature famous granary lies across the central region, with the expanding Sendai plains.  Compared to other prefectures in the Tohoku East End 141°40′31″E region, Miyagi is comparatively warm in the winter West end 140°16′30″E with little snowfall and has distinct four seasons. South end 37°46′24″N Avg. temp (Sendai): 12.4C North end 39°00′10″N Avg. rainfall (Sendai): 1,254.1 mm (Ref: Sendai District Meteorological Observatory  Agricultural industry: Rice (ranked 7th nationwide in production), soybeans (ranked 4th nationwide in production), beef cattle (ranked 8th nationwide in production), strawberries (ranked 10th nationwide in Industries production)  Fisheries industry: Marine product processed goods (ranked 3rd nationwide in production), fishing and cultivation industries (ranked 4th nationwide

No. of foreign (According to Dec. 2009 Immigration 16,500 nationals Bureau of Japan records)

2 MIYAGI

Video footage of the tsunami at Minamisanriku Town (footage from TBC Tohoku Broadcasting Company) 3 MIYAGI Ⅰ Earthquake Summary

Seismic intensity distribution in Miyagi

World’s largest earthquakes to strike since 1900 Time/date Friday, March 11, 2011, 14:46 Date Location Magnitude (Japan time) Epicenter Sanriku coast (38.1 degrees N, 142.8 degrees E), 1 May 23, 1960 Chile 9.5 approximately 130 km east of Oshika peninsula 2 Mar. 28, 1964 Alaska 9.2 3 Dec. 26, 2004 Sumatra, Indonesia 9.1 Magnitude 9.0 ※Largest recorded earthquake in Japanese history

Sanriku coast, Japan Mar. 11, 2011 2011 Great East Japan 9.0 4 Largest seismic intensity recorded Earthquake

7 (Kurihara City) Kamchatka, Russia (former Nov. 5, 1952 9.0 USSR) ※Largest recorded seismic history in Japan 4 MIYAGI Ⅱ Disaster Damage Summary

(1) Human toll (As of Jan. 18, 2012) Cause of death by Great 9,473 dead, 1,796 missing East Japan Earthquake (Casualties account for approximately 58% of disaster’s (Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures) Crushed to death, etc. nationwide human toll) Death by fire Death unknown (2) Damage to housing (As of Jan. 18, 2012) 83,852 residences destroyed 138,236 heavily damaged (Housing damage accounts for approximately 60% of the disaster’s nationwide housing damage)

(3) Evacuee/shelter situation

At peak time (March 14, 2011) Death by drowning

Prepared by central government based No. of evacuation shelters: 11,383 on documents and documents prepared by the National Police Agency No. of evacuees: 320,885 (As of April 11, 2011)

Document: Central Disaster Prevention Council All evacuation shelters in Miyagi Prefecture have closed as of Dec. 30, 2011 5 MIYAGI (4) Height of tsunami in Miyagi (5) Land subsidence and area of flooding Extent After Highest tsunami: More than 20m of (recorded in Minamisanriku Town and other locations) earthquake increase Area of flooding: 327 km2 Area at elevation 56 km2 3.4

(4.5% of entire prefecture) of 0 m or less Kesennuma City Kesennuma Area at or below 129 km2 1.9 ※ Total area of flooding in Aomori, Iwate, high water of

Miyagi, Fukushima, spring tide Ibaraki and Chiba Minamisanriku Town 2 prefectures: 561 km2 Area at or below 216 km 1.4

historical high tide Taihaku Ward, Ward, Sendai Taihaku

Ishinomaki City Matsushima Town

Rifu Town Onagawa Town

Higashimatsushima City

Sendai Shiogama City Shichigahama Town Tagajo City Miyagino Ward, Sendai Wakabayashi Ward, Sendai Natori City

Iwanuma City

Watari Town Pacific Ocean Yamamoto Town Ishinomaki City 6 MIYAGI

(6) Damage Situation Ishinomaki City

Minamisanriku Town Kesennuma City

Utatsu Ohashi Bridge (bridge collapse)

Onagawa Town

Higashimatsushima City

7 MIYAGI

Sendai City Iwanuma City

Nanakita River and neighboring area Kennan Purification Center

Natori City/Iwanuma City

Sendai Airport area 8 MIYAGI

(7) Damage costs (As of Jan. 20, 2012) A. Industrial damage costs 25.79 billion USD

■Damage costs to agricultural, forestry and fisheries industries 16.13 billion USD

①Agricutural industry-related (farmland, facilities, crops, etc.) 6.75 billion USD ②Livestock industry-related (barns, livestock, products, etc.) 65.65 million USD

③ Forestry industry-related (forest roads, forestland, conservation facilities, etc.) 183.81 million USD ④ Fishery industry-related (fishery facilities, fishing ports, fishing vessels, etc.) 9 billion USD (Other) 122.11 million USD

■Industry-related 7.75 billion USD (Estimated figure based on industry statistical survey) ■ Commerce-related 1.90 billion USD (Estimated figured based on commerce, business statistics, etc.)

B. Damage costs to buildings (housing-related) 63.55 billion USD (Estimated figure based on construction started statistical survey)

Based on Feb. 2, 2012 exchange rate 9 MIYAGI C. Damage costs to public works facilities, transportation infrastructure facilities 16.58 billion USD

①Expressway 162.87 million USD

(Operated by East Nippon Expressway Company or prefectural road corporation) ②Controlled by national government 1.91 billion USD ③Roads (bridges included) 3.23 billion USD

④Rivers (dams included) 3.31 billion USD ⑤Coast 1.08 billion USD ⑥Ports 1.43 billion USD ⑦Sewage 4.88 billion USD ⑧Other (airport, etc.) 576.66 million USD

D. Other 9.60 billion USD (Bicycle, public utilities, health, medical, welfare, education and police facilities, etc.)

Total damage costs (A to D) 115.54 billion USD 10

MIYAGI (8) Emergency restoration ～ public works facilities

Immediately after the disaster Same location after emergency restoration

Washed away bridge

Prefectural Road Oshika Line (Onagawa Town)

Immediately after the disaster Same location after emergency restoration

Vessel pushed onto land by tsunami

National Road 398 (Ishinomaki City) Photos provided by Public Works Department, Miyagi Prefectural Government 11 MIYAGI

Immediately after the disaster Same location after emergency restoration

Osawagawa (Hashiura, Ishinomaki City)

Immediately after the disaster Same location after emergency restoration

Collapsed seawall

Photos provided by Public Works Department, Miyagi Port of Ishinomaki (Nishihama seawall) Prefectural Government 12 MIYAGI

Immediately after the disaster Same location after emergency restoration

Sendai Airport (Natori City)

Immediately after the disaster Call to port after disaster

After emergency restoration

Port of Sendai Tagasago Wharf Photos provided by Public Works Department, Miyagi Prefectural Government 13 ～ (8) Emergency restoration Agricultural land, facilities MIYAGI

Immediately after the disaster Same location after emergency restoration

Farm canal (Watari Town)

Photos provided by Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Drainage pump station (Higashimatsushima City) Department, Miyagi Prefectural Government 14 MIYAGI

Deposited sand removal Debris removal

Debris removal from farm land (Natori City)

Photos provided by Agriculture, Forestry and Measures for salt removal from farm land (Hebita area, Ishinomaki City) Fisheries Department, Miyagi Prefectural Government 15 Ⅲ Crisis management in the immediate MIYAGI aftermath of the disaster

(1) Miyagi Prefecture’s initial response

Friday, March 11, 2011

2:46 pm Magnitude 8.8 earthquake occurs (as measured by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)) (revised to magnitude 9.0 on March 13) Prefectural Disaster Task Force is formed (on the fifth floor of the prefectural office building)  ※ A disaster task force is automatically formed when an earthquake with a seismic intensity of 6 lower or greater on the Japanese scale is measured within the  prefecture 2:49 pm A major tsunami warning is issued (for Miyagi, Iwate, and Fukushima Prefectures by JMA) 2:50 pm A maximum tsunami height of 6 m is forecasted for Miyagi Prefecture (by JMA) 3:02 pm The prefecture makes request to the national government to deploy Self- Defense Force troops to Miyagi 3:14 pm A maximum tsunami height of 10 m is forecasted for Miyagi Prefecture (by the J-ALERT system and JMA) 3:15 pm Officials confirm the first tsunami has reached Miyagi Prefecture (Ayukawa River, Ishinomaki City) 3:20 pm A 3.3 m tsunami is observed at Ayukawa River in Ishinomaki City (by JMA) 3:30 pm Prefectural Disaster Task Force holds its first meeting. 3:36 pm The prefecture makes request to national government to deploy emergency firefighting assistance teams 4:00 pm The governor holds a news conference. ※ The governor calls for residents to remain calm, promising that no resource will be spared as the prefectural government works to ensure safety and restoration from the disaster. 16 MIYAGI (1) Miyagi Prefecture’s initial response (2) Friday, March 11, 2011 (continued)

5:00 pm Prefectural Disaster Task Force holds its second meeting 6:00 pm Prefectural Disaster Task Force is relocated (second-floor auditorium in the prefectural office building) ○ This location is designated as an alternative location to accelerate the response and ensure access for entities involved in disaster prevention in the event of a large-scale disaster 6:42 pm The national government dispatches a government survey team to Miyagi Prefecture 7:30 pm Prefectural Disaster Task Force holds its third meeting 9:05 pm Government survey team arrives in Miyagi Prefecture 10:30 pm Prefectural Disaster Task Force holds its fourth meeting

Saturday, March 12, 2011

5:00 am Prefectural Disaster Task Force holds its fifth meeting 6:00 am The national government forms an Emergency Disaster Task Force in Miyagi Prefecture 10:30 am Prefectural Disaster Task Force holds its sixth meeting 3:00 pm Prefectural Disaster Task Force holds its seventh meeting 7:00 pm Prefectural Disaster Task Force holds its eighth meeting

17 Miyagi Prefectural Disaster Task Force (2F Auditorium) MIYAGI ※In place for 2-3 weeks after the disaster

Helicopter Japan Ground Self- operations Defense Force Japan Air coordinator Japan Disaster Prefecture A Self-Defense Medical Assistance Team Force Copy machine

Industrial Ishinomaki Others safety Emergency firefighting Prefecture B section assistance teams Prefecture J Prefecture C

Meeting table Information, public relations Higashi Evacuation Matsushima, Kesennuma, G shelters G Prefecture K

Onagawa Minamisanriku

Miyagi Fire and Task force Prefectural Disaster Reception officials police Management

Distribution Prefecture D Prefecture Agency E Prefecture coordinator G Warehouse Meeting association table Prefecture F Disaster Reduction and Human Countermeasures G Renovation Tohoku Institution Prefecture G Electric Japan Power Coast Prefecture L Prefecture H Tohoku Company Government Guard procurement G Regional Bureau Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Communication G Prefecture I

○The key to initial response is to swiftly accumulate, organize and transmit information and operate the disaster headquarters efficiently ○It is necessary to re-examine the task force system in times of mid to long-period disasters response 18 (2) Disaster preparation MIYAGI ①Implement and participate in comprehensive drills Implement drills with disaster prevention-related organizations that takes into consideration the lessons learned from past disasters including Miyagi Offshore Earthquake (1978), Iwate-Miyagi Inland Earthquake (2009) ○June 12 – All-inclusive emergency drill Disaster Imagination Game (emergency drill) carried out in in conjunction with “Miyagi Prefectural Citizens Disaster Prevention Day” on June 12 (Disaster task force implementation drill also carried out) ○September 1 – All-inclusive emergency drill Actual drill in line with the “Disaster Prevention Day” on September 1 ○Participation in drills organized by disaster prevention-related organizations (Japan Self-Defense Force, DMAT, etc.)

② Conclude disaster prevention agreement The Japan Self-Defense Force, local municipalities, private organizations and other groups concluded a disaster prevention agreement in order to build a prompt system in times of emergencies.

○Improving the crisis response abilities of government workers through drills ○Strengthening collaboration efforts with the Japan Self-Defense Force and other disaster prevention-related organizations

Foster swift initial response to a disaster 19 IV. Issues after the initial disaster MIYAGI

(1) Lack of information  Deployment of the government’s emergency wireless communications system (phone and fax)  One unit was deployed in each of all 35 of the prefecture’s local Before the disaster municipalities.  One unit was deployed at each prefectural agency (seven local economic development offices and one branch office). The prefectural government, local municipalities, and outlying organizations communicated by phone and fax using the  Deployment of satellite phones government’s emergency wireless communications system  One or two units were deployed at each prefectural agency (seven local Primary circuit: Satellite economic development offices). Secondary circuit: Terrestrial (Communications were switched from the satellite system to the terrestrial system in the event of heavy snow or rain.)  Cities, towns, villages, and prefectural office buildings damaged by the disaster Earthquake: Yamamoto Town, Osaki City After the disaster Tsunami: Three regional prefectural government buildings (Kesennuma, Ishinomaki, Minamisanriku), Onagawa Three regional prefectural government buildings and five cities Town Hall, Minamisanriku Town Hall and towns were cut off due to earthquake and tsunami damage, Communications circuit congestion: Ishinomaki City and congestion of communications circuits made it difficult for

officials to communicate with one another. Phone and fax lines were damaged or destroyed by the earthquake and tsunami.

Prefectural Local government municipalities Office of Disaster Prevention in Minamisanriku Town

Circuit congestion caused by surge of calls 20 In the immediate aftermath of the MIYAGI earthquake, officials struggled to contact one another using their personal phones and mobile phones owned by local municipalities

In order to boost officials’ ability to communicate, we shipped in emergency wireless communications systems (phones and fax machines) and satellite phones by air and ground from March 13 to 15

Portable satellite handset 01

Temporary prefectural Portable wireless office building communications system  It is necessary to develop a robust means of communication that functions in the aftermath of a disaster  It is necessary to deploy multiple satellite phones to organizations other than prefectural agencies (emergency shelters, etc.)  It is necessary to secure a source of power with which to operate communications equipment (generators and fuel) 21 MIYAGI (2) Securing road access

Disaster Plans called on officials to formulate an Emergency Transport A: Aomori Harbor prevention plan Road Network Plan and to prepare and secure emergency transport routes. B: Hachinohe Harbor Routes were severed by bridges that had collapsed due to After the disaster Hachinohe-shi the tsunami and blocked by debris. C: Kuji Harbor Karumai-machi [1] “Teeth of the comb” tactic (Tohoku Regional Bureau Kuji-shi Iwate-cho Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) Omoto, Iwaizumi-cho D: Miyako Harbor Morioka-shi In order to gain emergency transport routes in coastal districts, we secured a Miyako-shi

series of rescue routes mirroring the teeth of a comb (March 11 to 18). E: Kamaishi Harbor Hanamaki-shi Kitakami-shi Kamaishi-shi Kuji-shi

Ofunato-shi F: Ofunato Harbor

Tohoku Expressway and National Route 4 National Route andExpresswayTohoku Tohoku Expressway and National Route 4 National Route andExpresswayTohoku Tohoku Expressway and National Route 4 National Route andExpresswayTohoku Ichinoseki-shi Rikuzentakata-shi Miyako-shi Kesennuma-shi Tsukidate, Kurihara-shi Minamisanriku-cho Kamaishi- Osaki-shi shi 45 RouteNational Taiwa IC, Tohoku G: Ishinomaki Harbor

Expressway Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean Ishinomaki-shi Ofunato-shi Sendai-minami IC, Tohoku Expressway H: Shiogamako-ku, Shiogama Harbor, Sendai

Rikuzentakata- H: Sendaiko-ku, Shiogama Harbor, Sendai shi

Fukushima-shi Soma-shi

Kesennuma I: Soma Harbor -shi Nihonmatsu-shi Koriyama-shi Namie-machi Minamisanriku Futaba-machi -cho Shirakawa-shi Ishinomaki- Iwaki-shi

shi J: Onahama Harbor

Nakoso, Iwaki-shi

North-south routes in the East-west routes toward coastal form of the Tohoku By March 18, 97% of National Route 45 was passable. areas from the Tohoku Starting on March 18, we moved to the emergency Expressway and National Expressway and National Route 4 Route 4 secured recovery stage. secured 22 MIYAGI ② Clearing and repairing roads *Removing obstacles so that roads are once more accessible

Floating wharf blocking National Route 398 (National Route 398, Utsumibashi, Vessel blocking a road Ishinomaki-shi) (Ishinomaki Harbor Line) All debris had been cleared from prefectural road route 45 (165.4 km) by July

Mountains of debris lining a road Removal of debris (In Onagawa Town on National Route 398) (National Route 398)

Restoring and securing routes for disaster aid are the keys to recovery in disaster-affected areas 23 MIYAGI (3) Serious fuel shortages

Disaster Plans called for private-sector organizations and other entities with which the prefecture prevention plan has mutual aid agreements to provide essential supplies such as fuel.

Refineries, fuel depots, tank trucks, and other infrastructure suffered damage After the disaster Capacity to supply fuel throughout East Japan was rapidly compromised. Of 18 principal refineries and fuel depots north of the Kanto region, seven facilities suffered damage, including Sendai Refinery, Chiba Refinery, and Shiogama Oil Depot.

Tank collapsed from the tsunami Fire at a refinery (Sendai City) (Sendai Refinery [Sendai City]) • Shortages of gasoline for trucks used to provide emergency supplies and essentials • Shortages of fuel for heavy equipment to be used in recovery work • Shortages of gasoline for general vehicles • Shortages of fuel for hospitals, social welfare facilities, etc. • Shortages of heating fuel for emergency shelters

Recovery efforts in disaster-affected areas obstructed 24 MIYAGI

Traffic congestion due to cars attempting to Deployment of police to maintain order (Sendai City) purchase gasoline or kerosene (Sendai City)

Operational status of gas stations in Miyagi Prefecture after the disaster (telephone survey) (unit: establishments) No. of stations Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Response Mar. 16 Mar. 17 surveyed 18 19 20 21 22 702 stations Answered 45 68 99 116 126 Open 20 33 37 59 77 (availability) (2.8%) (4.7%) (5.3%) (8.4%) (11.0%) Not surveyed Service for emergency 16 26 31 45 43 vehicles only

* A telephone survey was conducted of Miyagi Prefecture’s 702 gas stations Survey conducted by the Tohoku Bureau of Economy, (excluding some establishments in coastal areas that could not be contacted). Trade and Industry (March 16 to 22). 25 MIYAGI Initiatives to ease fuel shortages

① Initial response in disaster-affected areas Fuel aid requested to the national government, oil distributors, and other entities

Fuel was received from the national government, Self-Defense Force, oil distributors, and other entities (diesel and kerosene)

Drums of fuel were shipped to disaster-affected areas in the prefecture with the cooperation of the Self-Defense Force and the Miyagi Trucking Association (Fuel was shipped to the Disaster Task Force, healthcare institutions, social welfare facilities, etc.)

Shipments to disaster-affected areas (unit: KL) Date Diesel Kerosene March 18 20.0 20.0 March 19 16.4 15.6 March 20 25.0 37.0 In five days, about 850 drums of diesel March 21 3.6 and kerosene (200 L each) (equivalent March 22 32.0 to about 8,500 twenty-liter kerosene Kiloliters 61.4 108.2 cans) were shipped to hospitals and Total emergency shelters Drums 307 541 26 MIYAGI ② Securing fuel supply routes

*Joint procurement and *Securing sea routes through Sendai’s transport of fuel Shiogama Harbor *Securing tank trucks *Processing debris on transport routes 707

Marine日本 transport海側港湾 toへ の harbors on海 the上輸 Sea送 of Japan Aomori青 Harbor森港 Principal refineries and fuel depots Aomori 青Fuel森 油Depot槽所 × 八Hachinohe戸油槽所 Fuel Depot Refinery/fuel depot (undamaged) 釜石油槽所 Refinery/fuel depot (damaged) Akita秋 Harbor田港 × 秋田油槽所 Akita Fuel Depot Kamaishi Fuel Depot

Sakata酒 Harbor田港 酒田油槽所 Shiogama塩釜油槽所 Fuel Depot Marine transport to Sakata Fuel Depot × 日本海側港湾への × JJXX 日Nippon鉱日石 Oilエ ネ& ルEnergyギー harbors 海on 上the輸 Sea送 of Sendai仙台製 Refinery油所 Japan

× 小Onahama名浜油槽 Fuel所 Depot Rail transport東北各 to県 へprefecturesの鉄道輸 in送 the Tohoku region × JJXX 日Nippon鉱日石 Oilエ ネ& ルEnergyギー Kashima鹿島製 Refinery油所 × コCosmoスモ石 Oil油 Chiba 千葉Refinery製油所 274 Removal of debris (driftwood, oyster culture shelves, fishing nets, small boats, etc.): Port of Shiogama

27 March 21 A tanker enters the harbor for the MIYAGI first time since the earthquake Eight tankers enter the harbor from March 21 to 26 (carrying about 16,000 KL of fuel) Trend in oil product shipments in Miyagi Prefecture March 27 A large tanker enters the harbor (*Includes gasoline, diesel, and kerosene.) Twelve large tankers enter the harbor from March 27 to 31 (carrying about 37,000 KL of fuel) Average daily oil product March 29 KL shipments in fiscal 2010: 6,563 KL Fuel shortage ends Idemitsu/Esso joint pier: Shoho Maru (Asahi Tanker) Fiscal 2010

Fiscal 2011

March 21 March 27 A tanker enters the Large tankers begin harbor for the first time to enter the harbor

since the earthquake

Sunday,March27 Monday,March 21 Tuesday,March 22 Wednesday,March23 Thursday, March24 Friday, March 25 Saturday,March26 Monday,March 28 Tuesday,March 29 Wednesday,March30

(Photograph taken on March 27, 2011)

Source: Tohoku Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry Towards a resolution of serious fuel shortages It is necessary to build a national fuel supply system and a wide- area assistance system in the event of large-scale disasters 28 MIYAGI Declaration of Reassurance (Special press conference held on March 22, 2011)

Officials explained the status of the prefecture’s oil supply and called on residents to rest easy as fuel would make it to affected areas in the near future 29 (4) Securing food and water supplies MIYAGI

Disaster Plans call on officials to work to secure supplies by putting in place a procurement system for the food and water that would be needed prevention plan in the event of a large-scale disaster. Should such a disaster occur, plans call on officials to accurately assess which supplies are needed at emergency shelters and other locations and then to procure and provide them quickly and smoothly.

① Securing food and water ② Difficult to secure food and water supplies, even for After the disaster for evacuees residents who did not evacuate Tens of thousands of people Trend in number of evacuees *Damage to infrastructure made it difficult to secure water *Even in Sendai, where damage was comparatively light, most stores were closed, making it difficult to secure food and water 320,000 evacuees at peak time Roads to food warehouses that could be used were given priority in debris clearing operations

On March 13, the first chain supermarket reopened after the earthquake A line of about 2,000 people at 9:00 am in front of the reopened supermarket

Secured supplies of up to several hundreds *Mutual disaster aid of thousands of meals each day agreements (co-ops, etc.) Disaster-affected *Government procurement areas *Market procurement Cooperation in transporting supplies by *Aid from other prefectures the Self-Defense Force and Miyagi Trucking Association (land, sea, and air)

 Food and water was also distributed to individuals who were having difficulty returning home due to the lack of public transport as well as residents who had lost access to essential infrastructure  Dealing with areas where it was difficult to secure or deliver the necessary number of meals (areas where roads were blocked, isolated islands, or peninsulas) Cooperation among various agencies was essential  As evacuees spend increasingly long periods of time at shelters, it becomes necessary to take measures to improve nutrition by securing sources of protein and vegetables and carrying out other means  Like electricity and water, small shops are part of society’s essential infrastructure It is necessary to secure distribution warehouses in inland locations as well 30 (5) Processing debris from the disaster MIYAGI

Disaster prevention plan Volume of debris from the disaster in Miyagi Prefecture: About 3.8 times that of Iwate Prefecture • Cities, towns, and villages are responsible for processing debris in accordance About 8 .8times that of Fukushima Prefecture with local (city/town/village) disaster prevention plans. • When the prefecture receives requests for assistance from cities, towns, and (Iwate Prefecture: About 4.76million tons as of January villages, prefectural officials in turn request wide-area assistance from, and 17, 2012) coordinate assistance activities by, other cities, towns, villages, and groups in the (Fukushima Prefecture: About 2.04 million tons as of prefecture. January 17, 2012) After the disaster  Volume of debris from the disaster Debris processing sequence About 18 million tons * This volume of debris is equivalent to 23 years’ worth of general waste in the prefecture. Debris Secondary temporary Primary holding areas The prefecture will process debris when cities and towns (Intermediate Burnable temporary processing bases) have difficulty doing so themselves, particularly those • Large pieces of holding lumber • Multiple locations, each located in coastal areas where damage from the tsunami serving a large • Other mixed waste areas was greatest. (Legal basis: Consignment of operations in geographic area • Processing consisting accordance with the Local Autonomy Act Article 252 Unburnable • Multiple areas of breaking and Paragraph 14) • Large pieces of located in cities, incineration metal scrap towns, and • Household villages appliances • Processing  Transport of debris to primary temporary • Hazardous materials consisting of holding areas Asbestos sorting Final disposal PCBs About 10.44 million tons (67% has been Gas cylinders, etc. transported) Recycling (from documents released by the Ministry of the Environment on January 17, 2012)  Scrapped boats  Processing schedule  Scrapped Separate Processing facilities will be built in each block automobiles processing with the goal of completing processing within three years. 31 MIYAGI Debris processing blocks The prefecture has adopted a processing plan for each block (with the exception of Sendai) and is processing disaster debris accordingly.

Kesennuma block

Ishinomaki block

Debris in an urban area (Onagawa Town)

Miyagi-Tobu block

Sendai (Miyagino-ku, Wakabayashi-ku)

Watari-Natori block

Ishinomaki block Planned site of a secondary temporary holding area 32 MIYAGI (6) Volunteer activities

Disaster prevention plan

Plans call on social welfare councils to play the lead role in creating disaster volunteer centers as well as in assisting and coordinating the activities of volunteers from around the country. Governments meet the need for volunteers with specialized knowledge by working closely with disaster volunteer centers.

After the disaster ① Creation of the Tohoku Expressway Volunteer Information Center Managing organizations: Hyogo Prefecture, Hyogo Council of Social Welfare, and Hyogo Voluntary Plaza

Tohoku Expressway Information about disaster volunteer centers in Information on disaster-affected areas Volunteer Information disaster-affected cities and towns (Infrastructure, public transport information, (Locations, contacts, hours of operation, status emergency shelter locations) Center of major activities)

Information about roads and

Izumi PA Information about Tomiya Ohira Tohoku Expressway whether they are passable volunteer activities Volunteer Information

• Important matter JCT Izumi Center Taiwa concerning volunteer Provision of temporary rest activities Provision of necessary areas

• Basic information about information topics such as how to prepare Sendai-Miyagi Tohoku Expressway

Ability of volunteers to function smoothly 33 ② System for accepting volunteers MIYAGI Disaster Task Force *Ishinomaki City

Ishinomaki City Hall Government Government ministries agencies and agencies

Group volunteers Self-Defense Force (NPOs, NGOs, and other volunteer groups) Individual volunteers

*No. of volunteers (Mar. 12 to Sept. 30) NPO and NGO Total 395,052 *Golden Week Holiday (April 29 to May 8) partnerships Total 46,117 (throughout prefecture) (According to surveys conducted by disaster volunteer centers in local Ishinomaki Disaster Recovery municipalities throughout the prefecture) Assistance Council, Inc. (Base: Ishinomaki Senshu University campus) Ishinomaki Disaster Volunteer Center (Operated by the Ishinomaki Social Welfare Council) 10 subcommittees Working with the Disaster Task (1) Food distribution Force and the Self-Defense Force, (2) Medical the Council is coordinating efforts (3) Relaxation by volunteer groups so that they (4) Emotional care are able to provide aid that meets (5) Kids residents’ needs efficiently, without overlap or waste. Matching of resident needs (6) Transportation (7) Mud-busters (mud cleaning) and individual volunteers (8) Lifestyle support (temporary residence support) No. of registered groups: 309 Form outlining (9) Mental support (As of September 19, 2011) needs (10) Mite-busters *Number of groups that registered at least once, (improvement of shelter hygiene) regardless of whether their activities are currently ongoing. Ishinomaki residents

The sharing of information allows targeted aid to be delivered 34 MIYAGI (7) Securing morgues and burial ● In order to accommodate large number of bodies brought in, the prefectural police and government cooperated together to secure temporary morgues at schools, public facilities and private facilities ■No. of bodies received（According to police headquarters) (Most no. of morgues set up in the prefecture: 24 locations (Mar. 20)) Change in number of bodies received May 1: 8,848 Total no. of No. of Date bodies temporary brought in morgues Mar. 31: 7,058 Total no. of bodies received: 9,490 (as of Oct. 19) Mar. 13 515 10

Mar. 20: 3,860 Mar. 17 2,896 20

Mar. 20 3,860 24 Most no. of bodies received in 1 day: Mar. 31 7,058 19 1,080 (Mar. 16) Most no. of bodies that could be received by May 1 8,848 10 crematories per day: 200 July 25 9,359 10

Aug. 23 9,409 6

Oct. 19 9,490 3 (C) Mainichi Newspaper

■埋葬の対応 ● March 12: Request for support with coffins and burial items made to the Miyagi Prefecture Funeral Directors Co-Operation and the All Japan Funeral Directors Co-Operation ● March 13: Urgent request made to Governors Association (C)毎日新聞 >As it was necessary to promptly cremate the bodies as a measure against body decomposition, requests to other local authorities were made to cooperate with cremation >As the number of bodies exceeded the ability of crematories in Miyagi (most no. of bodies that can be accepted: 200/day), a request made to crematories outside of the prefecture to cooperate with cremation (Tokyo: 860 bodies, Yamagata: 1,105 bodies; Iwate: 399 bodies) ● March 16: Burials of 2,108 bodies occurred in 6 cities and towns when cremation could not be done

35 MIYAGI (8) Response to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

○Miyagi Prefecture: Tohoku Electric Power Company’s Onagawa Nuclear Power Station (Units 1, 2, 3) ○March 11 earthquake: Immediate cold shutdown → No emission of radioactive material ○Prefecture’s monitoring facility: Nuclear center/off-site center were destroyed by the large tsunami →Radiation/radioactivity measurement ability lost in Miyagi Prefecture

Implement impact study in cooperation with Tohoku University

Declaration of safety regarding Measurement of radioactive material rice produced in Miyagi ○Tap water, industrial water, generated sludge from purification plant Prefecture (Sept. 29) All cattle ○Simple measuring device distributed to all local municipalities grown in Miyagi tested ○Radiation dosage rate of school yards and playgrounds of schools, preschools, daycares ○Water quality tested for school outdoor pools ○Agriculture, forestry, fishery products: Pasture grass, cattle, rice All distributed agricultural, forestry and fisheries products produced in Miyagi fall below temporary radiation level standards and therefore all SAFE!

○Response to the case of damage incurred to the Onagawa Nuclear Power Station is focused in the existing prefecture and regional disaster prevention plan ○Extended nuclear disaster response plan and essential equipment maintenance are necessary 36 MIYAGI Ⅴ Activities of disaster prevention groups

Japan Self-Defense Force

No. of dispatched troops Approx. 10,640,000 Record of

dispatch Airplanes used Approx. 50,000

(Total) Vessels used Approx. 4,900

No. of people rescued Approx. 19,000

No. of bodies brought in by troops 9,505

Approx. 33,000 tons of water brought in Activity Water supply support for the people

Approx. 5,005,000 achievements Food support meals

Approx. 1,092,000 people benefited from temporary Bath support bath/shower facilities setup by troops

Photo, information provided by Ground Self-Defense Force Headquarters, Northeastern Army 37 MIYAGI

Japan Self-Defense Force • Maintenance of public facilities (Clearing Activity roads, building temporary roads) • Debris removal (Covering approx. achievements 1,403,000 m2) • Transportation of medical products, fuel, (Other) relief supplies, etc.

Photo, information provided by Ground Self-Defense Force Headquarters, Northeastern Army 38 MIYAGI Fire and emergency fire response teams

No. of firefighters from Approx. 133,000 local fire departments Total no. of No. of firefighters from Approx. 110,000 fire brigades mobilized No. of regional fire response team Approx. 1,130 firefighters firefighters in Miyagi

No. of Emergency fire (Mar. 11-May response team firefighters Approx. 55,000 31, 2011) ※Including air squadrons

Ref.: Emergency fire response team investigation group; helicopter operation investigation group

Photo provided by Natori City Fire Department 39 MIYAGI Fire and emergency fire response teams

Activity No. of people rescued Approx. 6,100

No. of people achievements transported Approx. 26,300

Ref.: Emergency fire response team investigation group; helicopter operation investigation group

No. of brigade members, firefighters who died in the line of duty: Approx. 100 (As of Jan. 2012) ※Died while working at the fire station or while directing residents to evacuate

Ref.: Fire Defense Division, Miyagi Prefectural Government

Photo provided by Watari regional administrative affairs fire headquarters 40 MIYAGI 2nd Regional Japan Coast Guard Headquarters

Activities carried out in the event of a large-scale disaster No. of officers Record dispatched 5,789

Transport the stranded and victims No. of aircrafts of used 3,052 Investigation of disaster situation

dispatch No. of vessels Collaboration with related parties used 9,474

2nd Regional JCG HQ No. of people rescued 360

Gathering the stranded together Prefectural government, etc. No. of bodies Port area brought in by Search for the missing 383 Transport injured and urgent patients officers Preventing sea pollution Relief supply Activities transport 27 cases

No. of people carried transported 324

out No. of locations Rescuing those drifted out to see and ships in distress where search 737 was carried out locations Transportation of relief supplies by search and rescue diving

teams Investing water routes and making routes accessible No. of times 782 times search carried out Ref.: 2nd Regional Japan Coast Guard Headquarters 41 MIYAGI DMAT: Japan Disaster Medical Assistance Team

Outline of DMAT activities

Chitose

5 teams, 24 members

Hanamaki

 Dispatched teams: 340 teams, 1,500 Hyakuri members from all over Japan 49 teams, 251 members  Active period: Mar. 11-22 (12 days)  Contents of activities: support to Iwate Pref.: 94 teams hospitals, intraregional transportation, regional medical transportation, 24 teams, 119 members Miyagi Pref.: 108 teams evacuating and transporting Itami Fukushima Pref.: 44 teams hospitalized patients Ibaraki Pref.: 27 teams

Fukuoka

Reaching the disaster affected areas by air DMAT 82 teams, 408 members

Ref.: Japan Disaster Medical Assistance Team 42 Ⅵ Support from overseas countries, regions and MIYAGI international organizations （referring to support received to Miyagi Prefecture only） (1) Human support (search & rescue, medical teams)

Ref.: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), as of Sept. 15, 2011 43 (2) Material Support（Main countries, regions, international organizations) MIYAGI

Large support including food and drinking supplies and clothing from approximately 60 countries and organizations Republic of Korea Large monetary support received for victims and recovery efforts from overseas countries, international organizations Indonesia and overseas companies

Ref.: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), as of Oct. 17, 2011 44 MIYAGI Operation Tomodachi: Summary of Activities

No. dispatched Approx. 156,000 troops Record of

dispatch No. of aircrafts Approx. 140

(total) No. of vessels Approx. 15

Restoration of Search for missing From March 13

Sendai Airport Content of Transport of people, March 14-April 8 supplies

activities Maintenance of Sendai March 18-March 31 Airport

Transport of relief supplies

Photo, information provided by Japan Self-Defense Force Northeastern Army 45 MIYAGI Operation Tomodachi: Summary of Activities

School restoration Mar. 30-Apr. 18 Content Restoration of Oshima Island Apr. 1-6 of activities Railway restoration Apr. 21-25

Restoration of school

Restoration of railway

Photo, information provided by Japan Self-Defense Force Northeastern Army 46 MIYAGI Operation Tomodachi: Summary of Activities

Shower support (building temporary Mar. 27-Apr. 29 Content shower facilities)

of Music performance Mar. 30-Apr. 24 activities Cultural exchange Apr. 26-28

Shower support

Music performance, cultural exchange

Photo, information provided by Japan Self-Defense Force Northeastern Army 47 Ⅶ Development of Miyagi Prefecture MIYAGI Earthquake Disaster Recovery Plan ■ Intent of plan In the aftermath of the March 11, 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake that struck Japan followed by the massive tsunami and caused catastrophic damage to Miyagi Prefecture, this plan was created in order to progress forward with the recovery efforts, laying out a 10-year recovery plan.

■ Plan development schedule April: Develop Miyagi Prefecture Earthquake Disaster Recovery Basic Policy (Draft), April 11 May: First Miyagi Prefecture Earthquake Disaster Recovery Task Force meeting held (meetings held 4 times until August), May 2 July: Collecting public comment (July 13-Aug. 2) Briefing for prefectural citizens on plan (July 16-18) August: Miyagi Prefecture Earthquake Disaster Recovery Plan (proposal) developed, August 26 September: Plan presented and approved by prefectural assembly during September prefectural assembly meeting 48 MIYAGI Ⅷ Points of Recovery

1. Constructing a Miyagi disaster-resistant community development model

2. Rebuilding Miyagi’s marine products industry

3. Building progressive agricultural and forestry industries

4. Rebuilding the manufacturing industry promptly to achieve a prosperous Miyagi

5. Revitalizing Miyagi’s attractive tourism industry

6. Reconstructing the health, medical and welfare fields together with community development plan for entire region

7. Developing “eco towns” that utilize renewable energy

8. Promoting disaster-resistant prefecture and nation

9. Developing human resources of the future

10. Building financial resources, systems and cooperative framework to support recovery efforts 49 MIYAGI Diagram of recovery for coastal disaster area

50 MIYAGI

Diagram: Relocation to high ground and separation of workplace and residence

Residential area Industrial area

Road Evacuation building, factories

Coastal dike

Diagram: Multiple protection structures

Residential area Disaster prevention Industrial, agricultural area  Railway green space, forest Road Commercial Agricultural Coastal dike area area

51 MIYAGI

Ⅷ Point of Recovery

1. Constructing a Miyagi disaster-resistant community development model

2. Rebuilding Miyagi’s marine products industry

3. Building progressive agricultural and forestry industries

4. Rebuilding the manufacturing industry promptly to achieve a prosperous Miyagi

5. Revitalizing Miyagi’s attractive tourism industry

6. Reconstructing the health, medical and welfare fields together with community development plan for entire region

7. Developing “eco towns” that utilize renewable energy

8. Promoting disaster-resistant prefecture and nation

9. Developing human resources of the future

10. Building financial resources, systems and cooperative framework to support recovery efforts 52 MIYAGI Diagram of wide-area disaster prevention system

Maintaining disaster-sustainable utilities ○Multiple transportation network ○Multiple public utilities ○Communication line that can be connected in times of disaster 耐災性の高いライフラインの整備 ○多重型の交通ネットワーク ○多重型のライフライン ○被災時もつながる通信回線

広域防災拠点の整備 Maintaining a wide-area disaster prevention hub

首都の危機管理 代替機能整備 Maintaining functions for Tokyo’s substitute crisis management 53 MIYAGI

Ⅷ Point of Recovery

1. Constructing a Miyagi disaster-resistant community development model

2. Rebuilding Miyagi’s marine products industry

3. Building progressive agricultural and forestry industries

4. Rebuilding the manufacturing industry promptly to achieve a prosperous Miyagi

5. Revitalizing Miyagi’s attractive tourism industry

6. Reconstructing the health, medical and welfare fields together with community development plan for entire region

7. Developing “eco towns” that utilize renewable energy

8. Promoting disaster-resistant prefecture and nation

9. Developing human resources of the future

10. Building financial resources, systems and cooperative framework to support recovery efforts 54 Revitalizing the tourism in Miyagi – a region that MIYAGI offers many attractions (1) Transmitting accurate tourism information Sendai Airport completely Attract visitors to Miyagi by transmitting tourism recovery information back in full operation! (2) Building extensive transportation network that will July 25: All domestic flights resumed assure convenience and safety for tourists Sept. 25: International flights resumed Enhancing transportation infrastructure and improving disaster resistance (3) Develop tourism campaign through collaboration with ●Diagram of how extensive tourism the government and private sector route would be created Spring 2013・・・”Sendai-Miyagi DC (Destination Campaign)” (4) Attract MICE (international conferences, etc.) (5) Rebuild extensive tourism route (6) Attract travel with goal to study and research earthquake disaster

Build extensive tourism route in the Tohoku region ・History ・Nature ・Food ・Hot spring, etc.

Tourism campaign Enhancing transportation ・Developing DC infrastructure ・Strengthen response to inbound tourism Sendai Airport and other facilities function as the gateway to the Tohoku region 55

MIYAGI  ●Extensive tourism route in Tohoku●

Train service on Tohoku Tohoku’s plentiful tourist resources Shinkansen to Shinaomori （Nature, food, hot spring, etc.) began in Dec. 2010

Operation of Hayabusa began in Spring Mar. 2011 2012 Aomori DC Hiraizumi: Registered as World Heritage Site (June 2011)

Spring 2012 Fall 2013 Akita DC Iwate DC

Spring 2013 (Temp. name) Sanriku Recovery Centralized in Sendai Miyagi DC National Park concept Miyagi’s diversity

56 Ⅸ Financial Issues～Financial resource MIYAGI for recovery efforts Financial resource necessary to achieve complete recovery during 10-year period 168.56 billion USD

○Miyagi Prefectural Government・・・・・94.44 billion USD

(1) Environment, lifestyle, sanitation, waste 16.10 billion USD (2) Health, medical, welfare 1.54 billion USD (3) Economy, comerce, tourism, employment 6.38 billion USD (4) Agriculture, forestry, fishery 14.92 billion USD

(5) Public works facility 31.94 billion USD (6) Education 2.98 billion USD

(7) Disaster prevention, safety, security 1.25 billion USD

(8) Fukushima nuclear power plant-related 17.07 billion USD ○31 local municipalities・・・・・・76.36 billion USD

57 MIYAGI It is demanded that the restoration and reconstruction efforts are responded to steadily and in a flexible way based on the situation of the region as well as carrying out efforts swiftly. If the recovery efforts are If appropriate financial resources delayed….Miyagi will run are not provided, the recovery into the danger of the plans drawn up by the disaster population moving out affected prefectures and and communities municipalities will be nothing collapsing more than a pie in the sky! Financial Giving Authority to local municipalities! resource

New institutional deisgn and new drastic methods (Special zone system, relax regulations, etc.)

Citizens Organizations NPO, etc. Recovery effort encompassing University collective efforts by Companies all players involved Prefecture Municipality National gov’t Revitalize Japan’s economy through the recovery of the Tohoku region! 58 MIYAGI Ⅹ Lessons for the Future

○The March 11, 2011 disaster was the greatest disaster recorded in Japanese history and one that requires long-term response ○Long-term, all-around full support from the Japan Self-Defense Force is essential ○Human and material support from other local authorities and overseas countries is required in a wide range of areas

○Enhancement and function development of wide-area support system ①Establishment of rules for support system ・Establishment of an overall coordination contact group ・Standardization of rules when requesting human/material support, bearing expenses, etc. ②Response to mid to long-term support ・System for mid to long-term dispatch of staff ③Creating pairing support system ・Creating support system to meet the needs in a prompt and detailed manner

59 MIYAGI

Musubi-maru Towards Recovery! MIYAGI

Thank you for your attention. Thank you for your heartfelt support.