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Integrados: Facilitating the Adoption of the Internet of Things Through the Integration of Technologies

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Integrados: Facilitating the Adoption of the Internet of Things Through the Integration of Technologies IntegraDos: facilitating the adoption of the Internet of Things through the integration of technologies PhD Thesis Dissertation in Computer Science Cristian Mart´ın Fernandez´ Dpto. Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computacion´ University of Malaga´ Supervised by: Manuel D´ıaz Rodr´ıguez Bartolome´ Rubio Munoz˜ November, 2018 AUTOR: Cristian Martín Fernández http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0988-591X EDITA: Publicaciones y Divulgación Científica. Universidad de Málaga Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cualquier parte de esta obra se puede reproducir sin autorización pero con el reconocimiento y atribución de los autores. No se puede hacer uso comercial de la obra y no se puede alterar, transformar o hacer obras derivadas. Esta Tesis Doctoral está depositada en el Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (RIUMA): riuma.uma.es D. Manuel D´ıaz Rodr´ıguez, Catedratico´ de Universidad del Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Com- putacion´ de la E.T.S. de Ingenier´ıa Informatica´ de la Universidad de Malaga,´ y D. Bartolome´ Rubio Munoz,˜ Profesor Titular de Universidad del Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computacion´ de la E.T.S. de Ingenier´ıa Informatica´ de la Universidad de Malaga´ Certifican Que D. Cristian Mart´ın Fernandez,´ Ingeniero en Informatica,´ ha realizado en el Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computacion´ de la Universidad de Malaga,´ bajo nuestra direccion,´ el trabajo de investigacion´ correspondiente a su Tesis Doctoral titulada IntegraDos: facilitating the adoption of the Internet of Things through the integration of technologies Revisado el presente trabajo, estimamos que puede ser presentado al tribunal que ha de juzgarlo, y autorizamos la presentacion´ de esta Tesis Doctoral en la Universidad de Malaga.´ Malaga,´ Noviembre de 2018 Fdo.: D. Manuel D´ıaz Rodr´ıguez Fdo.: Bartolome´ Rubio Munoz˜ Catedratico´ de Universidad del Departamento Titular de Universidad del Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computacion.´ de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computacion.´ iii iv “It’s lack of faith that makes people afraid of meeting challenges, and I believed in myself.” (Muhammad Ali) v vi Contents List of Tables xi List of Figures xv Acronyms xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation . 3 1.2 Contributions . 6 1.3 Outline of this Thesis . 8 2 State of the Art and Related Work 11 2.1 Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) . 12 2.2 Run-time deployment and management . 15 2.3 Device-decoupled applications and portability in the Internet of Things . 18 2.4 Internet of Things and Cloud Computing Integration . 22 2.5 Blockchain and Internet of Things Integration . 27 3 Run-time Deployment of Physical Resources in the IoT 33 3.1 Problem Statement and Research Goals . 34 3.2 Run-time Deployment and Management of CoAP Resources . 34 3.2.1 CoAP Middleware . 35 3.2.2 Smart Gateway . 39 3.2.3 Web UI . 41 3.3 Implementation . 43 3.4 Evaluation . 44 3.4.1 Smart Home case study . 44 vii 3.4.2 Memory Footprint . 45 3.4.3 Data Transmission . 45 3.4.4 Power Consumption . 47 3.4.5 Communication Delay . 49 3.4.6 Comparison with other proposals . 51 4 Appdaptivity: An Internet of Things Device-Decoupled System 53 4.1 Problem Statement and Research Goals. 54 4.2 Appdaptivity System . 55 4.2.1 Requirements . 55 4.2.2 Approach and Design . 55 4.2.3 System Deployments . 58 4.2.4 CoAP Network . 58 4.2.5 Portability Core (PoCo) . 59 4.2.5.1 Personalised Behaviours . 60 4.2.5.2 PoCo Components . 62 4.2.6 User Applications . 65 4.3 Implementation . 67 4.3.1 PoCo and Interconnection . 67 4.3.2 User Applications . 68 4.3.3 CoAP Network . 69 4.4 Results and Discussion . 70 4.4.1 Underlying IoT Infrastructure . 70 4.4.2 User Applications . 72 4.4.3 Smart Cities: Portability of IoT Services in Different Districts . 73 4.4.4 Appdaptivity in HomeLab . 76 4.5 Differences between CoAP, the CoAP++ Framework and Appdaptivity . 76 5 An Internet of Things and Cloud Computing Integration 79 5.1 Problem Statement and Research Goals . 80 5.2 Integration Components . 80 5.2.1 Cloud Platforms . 81 5.2.1.1 Batch Processing . 81 5.2.1.2 Distributed Databases . 82 5.2.1.3 Real-time Processing . 84 viii 5.2.1.4 Distributed Queues . 84 5.2.1.5 Management, Monitoring and Deployment . 85 5.2.2 Middleware for IoT . 89 5.3 The Lambda-CoAP Architecture: an IoT and Cloud Computing Integration . 94 5.3.1 Lambda Architecture . 95 5.3.2 Smart Gateway . 96 5.3.2.1 Lightweight Virtualisation . 97 5.3.2.2 IoT Devices and Virtualisation Management Web UI . 97 5.3.2.3 Edge Computing Framework . 98 5.3.3 CoAP Middleware . 99 5.4 Implementation . 99 5.4.1 Lambda Architecture . 99 5.4.2 Smart Gateway . 100 5.4.3 CoAP Middleware . 101 5.5 Evaluation . 101 5.5.1 Lambda Architecture . 102 5.5.2 Smart Gateway . 105 5.5.3 CoAP Middleware . 107 5.6 Challenges and Open Research Issues . 108 6 On Blockchain and its Integration with the Internet of Things 111 6.1 Problem Statement and Research Goals . 112 6.2 Blockchain . 112 6.2.1 Challenges . 114 6.2.1.1 Storage Capacity and Scalability . 114 6.2.1.2 Security: Weaknesses and Threats . 115 6.2.1.3 Anonymity and Data Privacy . 116 6.2.1.4 Smart Contracts . 118 6.2.1.5 Legal issues . 119 6.2.1.6 Consensus . 120 6.3 IoT and Blockchain Integration . 122 6.3.1 Challenges in Blockchain-IoT Integration . 127 6.3.1.1 Storage Capacity and Scalability . 127 6.3.1.2 Security . 128 ix 6.3.1.3 Anonymity and Data Privacy . 129 6.3.1.4 Smart contracts . 130 6.3.1.5 Legal issues . 131 6.3.1.6 Consensus . 131 6.4 Blockchain platforms for IoT . 132 6.5 Evaluation . 134 7 Conclusions and Future Work 139 7.1 Conclusions . 140 7.2 Future Work . 142 7.3 Publications . 142 7.4 Funding . 145 A Resumen 147 A.1 Introduccion......................................´ 147 A.1.1 Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) . 148 A.1.2 Motivacion´ . 150 A.1.3 Contribuciones . 152 A.2 Despliegue y gestion´ de recursos f´ısicos CoAP en tiempo de ejecucion´ . 154 A.3 Appdaptivity: un sistema para el desarrollo de aplicaciones portables y desacopla- dos de los dispositivos del IoT . 156 A.4 Lambda-CoAP: una Integracion´ de Internet de las Cosas y Cloud Computing . 158 A.5 La Integracion´ de Blockchain e Internet de las Cosas . 160 A.6 Conclusiones y Trabajos Futuros . 161 A.6.1 Conclusiones . 161 A.6.2 Trabajos Futuros . 163 Bibliography 164 x List of Tables 2.1 Integration proposals comparison . 23 2.2 Blockchain applications . ..
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