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Laity and Participation: a Theology of Being the Church

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Laity and Participation: a Theology of Being the Church Durham E-Theses Laity and participation: a theology of being the church Höbel, Thomas How to cite: Höbel, Thomas (2002) Laity and participation: a theology of being the church, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3975/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Thomas Hobel Laity and Participation: a Theology of Being the Church Doctor of Philosophy 2002 ABSTRACT The basic assumption of this thesis is that there should be a theology of the laity that is truly positive, ecumenical and cathoHc. The prime concern, therefore, is less with specific contents and more an exploration of the dimensions such a new theology should incorporate and how it could be achieved. At the beginning we observe that, regarding contents as well as "hermeneutics", currently most lay theologies are dominated by negatives. Therefore, I suggest we explore participation in the sense of "being the Chiurch" rather than "doing something within the church". Opening sections look at appropriate coordinates for a biblical foundation for lay theology, while a brief overview of church history explores how and why the current status quo of the laity came about. In view of this, the main parts then focus on how a more positive presentation of lay participation can be achieved. Part two explores Roman Catholic lay theology, discussing relevant official documents from Vatican II up to the present and also "unofficial" positions presented by Hans Kiing, Karl Rahner, Leo Karrer, and Medard Kehl. To get at least some ecumenical perspective, this is complemented in Part three by an exploration of lay issues in AngHcanism, including ARCIC I and II. Part four explores the laity in liberative theologies, particularly their approaches to being the Church in the world, orthopraxis, authenticity as well as base communities as new forms of being church. In Part V, building on my earUer discussion and criticisms, I offer an alternative model for developing a positive definition of the laity including the image of the Church as a spoked wheel. My central claim is the inadequacy of present discussions and the need to develop a theology that starts from the vocation of the Church as a whole and stresses the interdependence of clergy and laity with neither subordinate to the other. Laity and Participation: a Theology of Being the Church Thomas Hobel The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published in any form, including Electronic and the Internet, without the author's prior written consent All information derived from this thesis must be acknowledged appropriately. Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Durham Department of Theology 2002 Content Page Acknowledgements VI Abbreviations VII Preface 1 Parti Point of Departure, General Perspective and Framework 3 1.1 Theology of the Laity — a Theology of "Negatives"? 3 1.1.1 Negative of Content 3 1.1.2 Negative of Hermeneutics 6 1.2 From Being to Doing: Ecclesiology as Foundation for Lay Participation — an Attempt at a Positive Approach 8 1.3 A Theology of the Laity in the Light of Scripture - Some Key 10 Aspects 1.3.1 General Comment 10 1.3.2 Old Testament 12 1.3.3 New Testament 17 1.4 Laity and the C(o)urse of History 25 1.5 Questions and Perspectives - First Results 35 Part II The Laity in Roman Catholic Theology 38 2. The Laity in the Documents of Vatican II 38 2.1 Introduction 38 2.2 A Few Remarks on Approaching the Documents of Vatican II 39 2.2.1 The Announcement of the Council 39 2.2.2 A "New" Type of Council 40 2.2.3 The Relevant Documents 41 2.3 Sacrosanctum Concilium — The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy 43 2.4 Lumen Gentium — Dogmatic Constitution on the Church 44 2.5 Apostolicam Actuositatem — Decree on Apostolate of the Laity 49 2.6 Gaudium et Spes — Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modem World 54 2.7 Vatican II — Foundation for a Global, catholic, and Ecumenical Theology of the Laity? 59 3. Paul VI 65 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 Populorum Progressio 65 I 3.3 Evangelii Nuntdandi 67 3.4 Comment 71 4. John Paul II 73 4.1 Christifideles Laici 73 4.1.1 Introduction 73 4.1.2 Summary 74 4.2 Instruction on Certain Questions Regarding the Collaboration of the Non-Ordained Faithful in the Sacred Ministry of Priests 83 4.2.1 Introduction 83 4.2.2 Summary 83 4.3 CIC - Codex luris Canonici 89 4.3.1 Introduction 89 4.3.2 Summary 90 4.4 Lay Catholics in Schools: Witnesses to Faith 93 4.5 Comment 96 5. Unofficial Positions - "Non-Roman" Roman Catholic Views 100 5.0 Introduction 100 5.1 Hans Kiing 101 5.2 KarlRahner 109 5.3 LeoKarrer 118 5.4 Medard Kehl 122 Part III The Laity in Anglican Theology 130 6. An Anglican Perspective on the Laity 130 6.1 Introductory Remarks 130 6.2 An Anglican Definition of the Laity 131 6.3 Aspects of Lay Participation in the Anghcan Communion 134 6.3.1 AngUcan Laity and Liturgy 135 6.3.2 Anglican Laity within the Institutional Church 138 6.3.3 AngHcan Laity as the Church in the World 143 6.4 AngHcan Laity: Ciorrent Issues 145 6.4.1 Liturgy and Current Issues 146 6.4.2 AngHcan Laity within the Church - Current Issues 148 6.4.3 AngHcan Laity as the Church in the World - Current Issues 150 II 7. Anglicanism and Laity: Individual Positions and Perspectives 155 7.1 Anglican Canon Law 155 7.2 Working as One Body 158 7.3 Gillian Evans: Authority in the Church 164 7.4 Robin Greenwood: Practising Community 167 7.5 Bruce ICaye: A Church without Walls 170 7.6 Ruth EtcheUs: Set my People Free 175 7.7 Comment 179 8. Anglicans and Roman Catholics in Dialogue 181 8.1 Introduction 181 8.2 ARCICI 181 8.2.1 The Final Report 181 8.2.2 Responses to the Final Report 185 8.3 ARCICII 189 8.3.1 Church as Communion 189 8.3.2 Life in Christ. Morals, Communion and the Church 191 8.3.3 The Gift of Authority 192 8.3.4 Comment 194 Part IV Laity in the Context of Liberative Theologies 196 9.1 Introduction: a Different Perspective 196 9.2 Liberation Theology and Liberative Theologies 197 9.2.1 Terminology 197 9.2.2 Liberation in the Context of Theology 199 9.3 A Shifted Perspective and the Definition of the Laity 200 9.4 Liberation Theology and the Universal Church 202 9.5 Asia and the Question of Authenticity 204 9.5.1 External Issues 205 9.5.1.1 ColoniaHsm 205 9.5.1.2 Language 206 9.5.1.3 Uturgy and Worship 207 9.5.1.4 Philosophy 208 9.5.2 Internal Issues 209 9.5.2.1 Social Context 209 9.5.2.2 Religious Context 211 9.5.3 Relevance 214 9.6 Orthopraxis versus Orthodoxy 214 9.7 Ecclesiological Aspects 216 9.7.1 Need for Change 216 III 9.7.2 BECs 217 9.7.2.1 A New Way of Being Church 218 9.7.2.2 Laity and Leadership 220 9.7.2.3 Liturgy and Worship 221 9.8 Women's Perspective 224 9.9 Liberative Theologies - An Alternative for the Laity? 229 Part V Towards a Theology of Being the Church - Possible Perspectives 233 10. The People of God: Towards a Positive Definition of the Uity 233 10.1 The Point of Departure: Present Problems 233 10.2 What is Participation? 234 10.3 Towards a Prehminary Definition of the Laity 237 11. Some Suggestions for a Different Theology of the Laity 240 11.1 A Dynamic Model of the Church 240 11.2 Some ImpHcations for the Relation of Clergy and Laity 245 12. Consequences: Some Perspectives 248 12.1 For Roman Ecclesiology 248 12.2 For Ecumenical Dialogue 254 Epilogue: A Biblical Vision on Being the Church 257 Bibliography 259 A) Church Documents 259 Roman CathoHc Documents 259 AngHcan & Ecumenical Documents 262 B) Secondary Sources 264 IV Declaration I confirm that no part of this thesis has been submitted for a degree in this or any other university. I also confirm that the thesis confirms to the word limit set out in the Degree Regulations. Statement of Copyright The Copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be pubUshed without prior written consent and information derived firom it should be acknowledged. Acknowledgments ACTOR: Nothing . .. just notliing. Meaningless. It's empty. WRITER: The ending? ACTOR: Of course. What are we discussing? We're discussing the ending. WRITER: I admit it's unsatisfying.
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