The Provo Tabernacle Fire Origin, Cause, and Circumstance

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The Provo Tabernacle Fire Origin, Cause, and Circumstance The Provo Tabernacle Fire Origin, Cause, and Circumstance December 17, 2010 Incident: 201008977 Report Date: March 31, 2011 Abstract The Origin, Cause and Circumstance of the Provo Tabernacle Fire At 0243 on December 17, 2010, a fire was reported at the Provo Tabernacle by an off-duty Provo Police Officer, working as a private security guard. The security guard identified two areas of fire. The first area of fire identified was located near the center of the elevated stage. The second area of fire was located in the ceiling where a 10 x 20 foot hole oriented from east to west had appeared. Fire was visible around the edge of the hole in the ceiling. The fire continued to burn until the entire roof collapsed and the debris in the structure burned until approximately 1500 hours on Saturday, December 18, 2010. An investigative Task Force from Provo City and the Utah State Fire Marshal’s Office was established to determine origin, cause, and circumstances of this fire. The investigators worked to identify the heat source(s), the fuel (s), and the precipitating event that brought them all together, causing the fire. Using NFPA 921 as the reference standard, the following steps were completed. Identify the Problem The problem in this particular incident was that an uncontrolled fire consumed the roof structure and then the interior of the Provo Tabernacle. Define the Problem Specifically, a fire started high in the building and was undetected for a significant period of time. The fire was not reported at first detection. Investigators were aided by eyewitness statements about the location and size of the fire when reported. Based on eyewitness accounts, the area of fire origin was narrowed down to an area of the ceiling near two circuits of dimmable incandescent light fixtures. Collect Data The data collection began with the arrival of the first due fire units. Fire Marshal Lynn Schofield, the lead investigator on this incident arrived at 0308. Investigators were able to observe the initial fire behavior and then the fire progression. Photographs taken during the suppression activities provided details about the fire progression and the buildings response. Investigators interviewed witnesses including: the security guard, the lighting technicians, building coordinators, facilities maintenance personnel, BYU production staff, Gloria cast and crew members, and members of the public who had information about the circumstances surrounding this fire. Investigators took the information gathered from observations and witnesses and entered the structure on January 3, 2010. Over the next four weeks, the investigators located, diagrammed, i photographed, and logged evidence of fire behavior and fire spread. The investigators, working from the least damaged to the most damaged, focused on the area around the elevated stage. Analyze Data and Hypothesis Development The data on hand led investigators to the development of two hypotheses. Hypothesis I A heat source, specifically an incandescent light fixture with an energized 300 watt lamp, placed too close to combustible materials is a legitimate proximate cause of the fire at the Provo Tabernacle reported December 17, 2010. Hypothesis II A fuel source when heated to its ignition temperature and in a glowing combustion will continue to combust until it runs out of fuel, does not have sufficient oxygen to sustain combustion, or is suppressed. Test the Hypothesis Both hypotheses were tested. Hypothesis I was supported as a proximate cause of the fire at the Provo Tabernacle, December 17, 2010. Hypothesis II was supported as an extension of the proximate causes identified in Hypothesis I. Select Final Hypothesis The Task Force has concluded that based on witness statements, observed fire behavior, and physical evidence, the most probable cause of the fire at the Provo Tabernacle was a heat source, specifically an incandescent light fixture, with an energized 300-watt lamp, placed too close to combustible materials. Specifically, a wooden speaker enclosure is identified as the most probable cause of the fire at the Provo Tabernacle reported December 17, 2010. Conclusions Area of Origin: The attic space in the area of the dimmable incandescent light system. Point of Origin: The most probable point of origin is the center speaker enclosure located between the two east dimmable incandescent light fixtures. These light fixtures were set aside to suspend the lighting truss. Cause: The cause of this fire is accidental. Proximate Cause: The proximate cause of the fire at the Tabernacle is a heat source placed too close to combustible materials. Heat Source: An incandescent light fixture with an energized 300-watt lamp. ii Combustible Materials: A wooden speaker enclosure. Circumstances: The following circumstances contributed to the ignition, spread, and fire loss at the Provo Tabernacle, December 17, 2010. 1. Inadequate fire detection and notification system. 2. The lack of an automatic sprinkler system. 3. Additional fuel load brought in as part of the set for the Gloria production. 4. Human Error. iii Table of Contents ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. ii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. iii CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................................v LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................................... vi FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................................. vii FIRE DISCOVERY.......................................................................................................................................1 FIRE DEPARTMENT RESPONSE ............................................................................................................2 FIRE INVESTIGATION ..............................................................................................................................9 3.1 TASK FORCE INTERVIEWS ....................................................................................................................15 3.2 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ...................................................................................................................32 3.3 AREA OF FIRE ORIGIN ...........................................................................................................................37 3.4 BUILDING EVACUATION AND DATA COLLECTION ..................................................................................38 3.5 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS .....................................................................................................................39 3.6 SITE EVACUATION.................................................................................................................................... ORIGIN & CAUSE DETERMINATION .................................................................................................45 4.1 AREA OF ORIGIN ...................................................................................................................................46 4.2 POINT OF ORIGIN...................................................................................................................................50 4.3 CAUSE ..................................................................................................................................................50 HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT.............................................................................................................51 5.1 HYPOTHESIS 1 ......................................................................................................................................51 5.2 HYPOTHESIS 1 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................65 5.3 HYPOTHESIS 2 ......................................................................................................................................66 5.4 HYPOTHESIS 2 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................72 FIRE IGNITION AND SPREAD...............................................................................................................72 CONCLUSIONS ...........................................................................................................................................80 APPENDIX A ...............................................................................................................................................86 APPENDIX B................................................................................................................................................92 APPENDIX C................................................................................................................................................94
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