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American Nuclear Society AMERICAN NUCLEAR SOCIETY . 555 North Kensington Avenue Tel: 708 / 352-6611 La Grange Park, Illinois E-Mail: [email protected] 60526-5592 USA http: //www.ans.org Fax: 708 / 352-6464 AUTHOR PROOF INSTRUCTIONS Your paper is scheduled for publication in a forthcoming issue of Nuclear Technology. You are receiving your author proofs electronically. You will not receive anything in the regular mail. Please follow these procedures: 1. Download your author proof, print it out, and review it. 2. Proofread your paper very carefully. This will be your final reading before publication. This material has been copyedited and typeset from the disk/electronic file that you provided with your manuscript or from the hard copy that you provided, and it has been transmitted to you through the Internet. 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NT 6-08022NQ 10102016009 2:15 pm NT-6 08022NQ QUERIES ||||||1||||||> Please provide three keywords. ||||||2||||||> Added “magnetically channeled spherical IEC array.” Is this the correct definition of “MCSA” as it is used here? ||||||3||||||> Changed “of a deuterium” to “of a deuterium beam.” Is this correct? ||||||4||||||> Is “10130m3” correct? Should there be a unit of measure after “1013”? ||||||5||||||> Changed “this equation” to “Eq. ~20!.” Is this correct? ||||||6||||||> Is “10190m3” correct? Should there be a unit of measure after “1019”? ||||||7||||||> In the original manuscript’s References list, Refs. 3, 11, and 23 were identical. We deleted Refs. 11 and 23 and renumbered subsequent references. Is this okay? ||||||8||||||> In the original manuscript’s References list, Refs. 4, 6, and 22 were identical. We deleted Refs. 6 and 22 and renumbered subsequent references. Is this okay? ||||||9||||||> In the original manuscript’s References list, Refs. 8 ~now Ref. 7 because of the deletion of original Ref. 6! and 9 were identical. We deleted Ref. 9 and renumbered subsequent references. Is this okay? ||||||10||||||> There is no callout in the text for Ref. 19 ~which was Ref. 24 in the original manuscript!. Please place a callout for Ref. 19 in the text of the paper. ||||||11||||||> Please specify if “Kammash ~1995!” corresponds to Ref. 11, Ref. 12, or both. ||||||12||||||> There is no corresponding reference in the References list for “Cheung ~2004!.” Please provide reference information for this study. ||||||13||||||> Do “Burton ~2001!” and “Burton ~2004!” correspond to Ref. 7? If not, please provide reference infor- mation for these study. NT 6-08022N 10602017009 11:54 am NT-6 08022N MAGNETICALLY CHANNELED IEC MISCELLANEOUS TRAP ARRAY FUSION DEVICE FOR TECHNICAL NOTE KEYWORDS: xxxxxxxx, xxxxx, INTERPLANETARY MISSIONS xxxxxx <||||||1|||||| GEORGE H. MILEY,* HIROMU MOMOTA, and LINCHUN WU University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Received January 24, 2008 Accepted for Publication July 1, 2008 A radical new inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fu- Thus, the MCTA concept has the potential to accomplish the de- sion concept, the magnetically channeled IEC trap array (MCTA), manding requirements of future deep-space propulsion and power is studied as a candidate power unit for interplanetary space by providing a high power-density propulsion system. This prom- travel. IEC fusion concepts are widely recognized to be attrac- ise was amply demonstrated in an earlier, reasonably detailed tive for space power because they are simple and lightweight. design study by University of Illinois researchers that used a However, existing experimental IEC concepts, while very suc- magnetically channeled spherical IEC array (MCSA) to accom- <||||||2|||||| cessful for low-level power neutron sources, do not project to plish a fast manned mission to Jupiter. high-power space applications because of poor confinement- In the present paper, we discuss the basic MCTA concept time scaling and grid heating/losses. The MCTA concept ad- and examine stability issues that must be resolved to access the dresses both issues: eliminating the need for a central grid by feasibility of this concept. Some important supporting data injecting energetic ions into this unique hybrid configuration carry over from prior IEC experiments, but a full MCTA con- and providing improved confinement by connecting a number figuration has yet to be studied experimentally. If proven feasi- of traps. Because of the linearly connected geometry and com- ble, the MCTA development path would involve experiments at patibility with an efficient traveling wave direct-energy con- progressively higher powers aimed at the ultimate demonstra- verter, aneutronic fuels, such as D-3He, can be implemented. tion of a full-scale, several-hundred-MW propulsion unit. I. INTRODUCTION propulsion study at the University of Illinois can be traced back to the 1980s, when field reversed mirror was proposed.3,4 Based I.A. Prior Work on the study of IEC ~Ref. 5!, space propulsion using an IEC device was studied.4,6 It is then followed by the concept of Study of space propulsion using fusion power began in the “Fusion Ship I” and “Fusion Ship II” ~Ref. 7! with traveling late 1950s and was further developed after the 1980s, espe- wave direct energy converters ~TWDECs!, as shown in Fig. 1. cially exploring improved fusion confinement concepts. Sev- Fusion Ship II is 300 m long, and the initial mass at mis- eral additional power approaches have been brought out since sion start is 500 t. The crew and avionics0computer are located then. These include field reversed configurations ~FRCs!, spher- in the central compartment at the front end of the vehicle. The omaks, dense plasma focus, inertial electrostatic confinement twin 175-m-long assemblies are comprised of five D-3He spher- ~IEC!, magnetic dipoles, and so on. A historical review of ical IEC reactors connected to a TWDEC. They can generate research in fusion propulsion1 is briefly listed in Table I, show- 1394 MW of 14.7-MeV proton flux and 469 MW of thermal ing specific power, thrust power, and specific impulse. The components, which are converted to 1197 MW~electric! of RF items are listed in the order of the different concept groups electric power, 242 MW of which recirculates to run the reac- discussed above. Details of these conceptual designs can be tors with 750 MW~electric! used to drive the ion thrusters and found in the references included.1–18 the remainder being heat loss. The ion thrusters run on argon propellant at a specific impulse of 35 000 s and an efficiency of I.B. IEC-Based Space Propulsion 90%. The thrust is 4369 N, which produces an initial acceler- ation of 0.0087 m0s2. A typical trip time for an out-and-back Specifically, recent studies of IEC-powered space propul- mission to Jupiter is 210 days out and 152 days to return. The sion at the University of Illinois are summarized in Table II, very large size and open design of Fusion Ship II minimizes along with a magnetic fusion concept2 as a comparison. Fusion the need for thermal radiators, which are not shown in Fig. 1. The IEC itself has a skeletal structure allowing radiation to be *E-mail: [email protected] emitted directly to space. The TWDEC uses molybdenum grids NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY VOL. 166 JUNE 2009 1 NT 6-08022N 20602017009 11:54 am Page: 2 Miley et al. MAGNETICALLY CHANNELED IEC TRAP ARRAY FUSION DEVICE FOR INTERPLANETARY MISSIONS TABLE I Fusion Propulsion Conceptual Studies Specific Power Thrust Power Specific Impulse, Isp First Author Fusion System ~kW0kg! ~MW! ~s! Kulcinski9 ~1987! Tandem mirror ;2 1 000 Santarius10 ~1988! Tandem mirror 2.2 1 000 Carpenter13 ~1992! Tandem mirror 4.3 Kammash ~1995! Gas dynamic trap 7.5 55 000 1.1 ϫ 105 <||||||11|||||| Kammash ~1995! Gas dynamic trap 21 ~D-T! <||||||11|||||| Teller14 ~1991! Dipole 0.5 to 1 1 250 104 to 3 ϫ 105 Bussard15 ~1990! Tokamak 3.7 3 925 5 ϫ 103 to 7 ϫ 103 Borowski16 ~1987! Spheromak 11.5 5 500 5 ϫ 104 Borowski16 ~1987! Spherical torus 5.8 6 000 2 ϫ 104 Williams17 ~1998! Spherical torus 5.4 6 145 4 ϫ 104 Williams2 ~2001! Spherical torus 8.62 4 830 35 435 to 47 205 Nakashima18 ~1994! FRC 1 103 to 106 Cheung ~2004! Colliding beam FRC 3 100 1.4 ϫ 106 <||||||12|||||| Thio4 ~1999! Magnetized target fusion 400 25 000 7.7 ϫ 104 Borowski16 ~1987! Integral Fast Reactor 110 53 000 2.7 ϫ 105 Burton ~2001! IEC 0.17 500 1.6 ϫ 104 <||||||13|||||| Burton ~2004! IEC 1.5 750 3.5 ϫ 104 <||||||13|||||| Santarius10 ~1998! D-Ta 0.6 600 Santarius10 ~1998! D-3Hea 5.3 600 Santarius10 ~1998! D-3Hea 10.1 600 aGeneric one.
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