Scientists' Houses in Canberra 1950–1970
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Scientists' Houses in Canberra 1950–1970
EXPERIMENTS IN MODERN LIVING SCIENTISTS’ HOUSES IN CANBERRA 1950–1970 EXPERIMENTS IN MODERN LIVING SCIENTISTS’ HOUSES IN CANBERRA 1950–1970 MILTON CAMERON Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Cameron, Milton. Title: Experiments in modern living : scientists’ houses in Canberra, 1950 - 1970 / Milton Cameron. ISBN: 9781921862694 (pbk.) 9781921862700 (ebook) Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: Scientists--Homes and haunts--Australian Capital Territority--Canberra. Architecture, Modern Architecture--Australian Capital Territority--Canberra. Canberra (A.C.T.)--Buildings, structures, etc Dewey Number: 720.99471 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design by Sarah Evans. Front cover photograph of Fenner House by Ben Wrigley, 2012. Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2012 ANU E Press; revised August 2012 Contents Acknowledgments . vii Illustrations . xi Abbreviations . xv Introduction: Domestic Voyeurism . 1 1. Age of the Masters: Establishing a scientific and intellectual community in Canberra, 1946–1968 . 7 2 . Paradigm Shift: Boyd and the Fenner House . 43 3 . Promoting the New Paradigm: Seidler and the Zwar House . 77 4 . Form Follows Formula: Grounds, Boyd and the Philip House . 101 5 . Where Science Meets Art: Bischoff and the Gascoigne House . 131 6 . The Origins of Form: Grounds, Bischoff and the Frankel House . 161 Afterword: Before and After Science . -
An Introduction to the Astronomical Archives of Australia and New Zealand
ASTRONOMICAL HERITAGES: Astronomical Archives and Historic Transits of Venus Journal of Astronomical Data, Vol. 10, 7, 2004 Christiaan Sterken, Hilmar W. Duerbeck, eds. An Introduction to the Astronomical Archives of Australia and New Zealand Wayne Orchiston Anglo-Australian Observatory, and Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia Abstract After summarising key elements in the astronomical histories of Australia and New Zealand, we provide master lists of the prin- cipal astronomical records found in the archives, libraries, mu- seums, observatories and government research institutes of these two Oceanic nations. In preparing these two national inventories, we address one of the primary objectives of the IAU’s Working Group on Astronomical Archives. 1. Introduction International Astronomical Union Commission 41 (History of Astron- omy) was formed in 1948, but it was only in 1991 that the Commission’s first Working Group – on Astronomical Archives – was formed. This was largely in response to the on-going dispersal and destruction of personal papers of astronomical importance, a matter of considerable concern that was raised at the 1967, 1979 and 1988 General Assemblies. Chaired by the upcoming President of C41, Suzanne D´ebarbat, the Astronomical Archives Working Group was a joint initiative of Com- missions 5 (Documentation and Astronomical Data) and 41, and its initial objectives were reflected in Resolution C4 which was passed at the 1991 General Assembly “to establish a register of the whereabouts of all extant astronomical archives of historical interest; to impress on observatories and other institutions their responsibility for the preser- vation, conservation, and where possible, cataloguing of such archives; and to search for an institution that will allocate space and funds for maintaining such a register and publishing it” (see D´ebarbat 2002). -
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Since its formation in 1964, the Australian Society for Co-editors Parasitology (ASP) has become a premier advocate for Peter O’Donoghue, The University of Queensland the discipline of parasitology in Australia, with initiatives Lisa Jones, ASP Network for Parasitology catering for members involved in research, teaching, Melanie Leef, The University of Tasmania private industry and public service. Archivists To celebrate the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Haylee Weaver, University of Sunshine Coast the Society, ASP Council sponsored the production of a Carolyn Behm, Australian National University commemorative book reviewing the past and present accomplishments of the Society. It is timely that a review of the ASP took place as the collective and corporate memory of the Society is waning as the old guard retires and most office-bearers only have brief tenure. This commemorative book provides an overview of the Society, its membership and executive, endeavours and achievements, awards and prizes, and future aspirations. Numerous individuals provided material for the book and we are extremely grateful for their contributions. 1 Published by: Elsevier ©ASP 2014 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing of the ASP. All photographs published have either been taken at ASP events or kindly provided by the owners for use in this book. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of all information included in this book. ASP takes no responsibility or liability for any errors that may occur in this publication. -
Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales
JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY O F NEW SOUTH WA L ES Volume 139 Parts 3 and 4 (Nos 421, 422) 2006 ISSN 0035-9173 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY BUILDING H47 UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, NSW 2006 Issued December 2006 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES OFFICE BEARERS FOR 2006-2007 Patrons His Excellency, Major General Michael Jeffery AC, CVO, MC Governor General of the Commonwealth of Australia. Her Excellency Professor Marie Bashir, AC, Governor of New South Wales. President Prof. J. Kelly, BSc Syd, PhD Reading, DSc NSW, FAIP, FInstP Vice Presidents Mr D.A. Craddock, BSc (Eng) NSW, Grad. Cert. Management UWS. Mr J.R. Hardie, BSc Syd, FGS, MACE. Mr CM. Wilmot two vacancies Hon. Secretary (Gen.) Dr E. Baker PhD ANU, MSc USyd, BSc (Hons), GradDipEd (Distinction UTS), AMusA, MRACI, CChem. Hon. Secretary (Ed.) Prof. P. A. Williams, BA (Hons), PhD Macq. Hon. Treasurer Ms M. Haire Hon. Librarian Ms C. van der Leeuw Councillors Mr A.J. Buttenshaw Mr J. Franklin Prof. H. Hora Dr M. Lake, PhD Syd Ms Jill Rowling BE UTS, MSc Syd A/Prof. W.A. Sewell, MB, BS, BSc Syd, PhD Melb FRCPA Ms R. Stutchbury Southern Highlands Rep. vacant The Society originated in the year 1821 as the Philosophical Society of Australasia. Its main function is the promotion of Science by: publishing results of scientific investigations in its Journal and Proceedings; conducting monthly meetings; organising summer science schools for senior secondary school students; awarding prizes and medals; and by liason with other scientific societies. Special meetings are held for: the Pollock Memorial Lecture in Physics and Mathematics, the Liversidge Research Lecture in Chemistry, the Clarke Memorial Lecture in Geology, Zoology and Botany, and the Poggendorf Lecture in Agricultural Science. -
Running Out? an Environmental History of Climate and Water in the Southwest of Western Australia, 1829 to 2006 Ruth A. Morgan
Running out? An environmental history of climate and water in the southwest of Western Australia, 1829 to 2006 Ruth A. Morgan B.A., B.Ec. This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia School of Humanities History Discipline December 2012 Abstract Living between the desert and the sea, people in the southwest of Australia have long experienced anxieties about the ongoing availability of fresh water resources in the region. In recent years, evidence of a drying trend across the region since the mid-1970s has heightened these concerns. The conditions of the present beg for historical understanding of how and why these anxieties emerged, persisted and developed. In this thesis, I have utilised the ecological concepts of vulnerability and resilience to assess the ways in which people in the southwest have tried to come to terms with its climate and water resources since European colonisation in 1829. I examine the development of understandings of the regional climate and how these have changed over time; and how these understandings have shaped and informed water resource use and management in the southwest. I explore the ways in which approaches to water in the southwest became entangled with understandings of weather, climate and climatic variability, and were shaped by cultural, social and political contexts. I contend that the settler society in the southwest became inherently vulnerable to running out of water because its patterns of settlement and development were founded upon the Western European model of regular, reliable seasons and water supplies; a model fundamentally at odds with the environmental realities of the southwest. -
Nature, Nurture and Chance: the Lives of Frank
Nature, Nurture and Chance THE LIVES OF FRANK AND CHARLES FENNER Nature, Nurture and Chance THE LIVES OF FRANK AND CHARLES FENNER FRANK FENNER VISITING FELLOW, JOHN CURTIN SCHOOL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] Web: http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Fenner, Frank, 1914- . Nature, nurture and chance : the lives of Frank and Charles Fenner. ISBN 1 920942 62 9 ISBN 1 920942 63 7 (online) 1. Fenner, Frank, 1914- . 2. Fenner, Charles, 1884-1955. 3. Microbiologists - Australia - Biography. 4. Virologists - Australia - Biography. 5. Geographers - Australia - Biography. 6. Educators - Australia - Biography. I. Title. 579.092 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Indexed by Frank Fenner. Cover design by Teresa Prowse. Frank Fenner, by Mathew Lynn, 1999, courtesy of the John Curtin School of Medical Research. Charles Fenner, by Ivor Hele, 1935, courtesy of Education Centre, Adelaide. This edition © 2006 ANU E Press iii Table of Contents List of Figures v Preface vii Acknowledgements xiii Acronyms xv Part I. The Life of Frank Fenner Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Childhood, 1914 to 1932 9 Chapter 2. The University Years, 1933 to 1940 21 Chapter 3. The War Years, May 1940 to February 1946 27 Chapter 4. Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1946 to 1948; Rockefeller Institute, 1948 to 1949 47 Chapter 5. -
Establishing a Scientific and Intellectual Community in Canberra, 1946–1968
1. Age of the Masters: Establishing a scientific and intellectual community in Canberra, 1946–1968 The Formation of The Australian National University Having proven their worth in wartime, scientists in the 1950s were as powerful as they ever had been, confident of their own capacity to change the world, and dismissive of those who stood in their way. — Stephen Foster and Margaret Varghese1 The architect must be entirely subordinated to the scientific requirements of those who are to inhabit [the building]…I will not be pushed around by an architect for architectural reasons. — Sir Howard Florey2 One evening in April 1946, Australian Prime Minister, Ben Chifley, in London for the first postwar Commonwealth Prime Ministers’ Conference, booked a large table for dinner at The Savoy Hotel in The Strand. Also dining with him that night was a thirty-six-year-old economist and planner, Herbert Cole (‘Nugget’) Coombs,3 whom he had appointed Director-General of the Commonwealth Department of Post-War Reconstruction, Dr Herbert Vere (‘Doc’) Evatt, the Minister for External Affairs, and other members of the official party. The Savoy, one of London’s most distinguished and elegant hotels, was upgrading its menu now that rationing was over, and under the French maître-chef, dishes from the Normandy region such as Tripes á la Mode de Caen and Canard á la Rouennaise were available. It is possible that former British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill was also there; a frequent patron, he was known to have dined there as often as five times a fortnight.4 But Chifley was not interested in the guests 1 Stephen G. -
Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society O F New
JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY O F NEW SOUTH WALES Volume 139 Parts 3 and 4 (Nos 421, 422) 2006 ISSN 0035-9173 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY BUILDING H47 UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, NSW 2006 Issued December 2006 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES OFFICE BEARERS FOR 2006-2007 Patrons His Excellency, Major General Michael Jeffery AC, CVO, MC Governor General of the Commonwealth of Australia. Her Excellency Professor Marie Bashir, AC, Governor of New South Wales. President Prof. J. Kelly, BSc Syd, PhD Reading, DSc NSW, FAIP, FInstP Vice Presidents Mr D.A. Craddock, BSc (Eng) NSW, Grad. Cert. Management UWS. Mr J.R. Hardie, BSc Syd, FGS, MACE. Mr C.M. Wilmot two vacancies Hon. Secretary (Gen.) Dr E. Baker PhD ANU, MSc USyd, BSc (Hons), GradDipEd (Distinction UTS), AMusA, MRACI, CChem. Hon. Secretary (Ed.) Prof. P.A. Williams, BA (Hons), PhD Macq. Hon. Treasurer Ms M. Haire Hon. Librarian Ms C. van der Leeuw Councillors Mr A.J. Buttenshaw Mr J. Franklin Prof. H. Hora Dr M. Lake, PhD Syd Ms Jill Rowling BE UTS, MSc Syd A/Prof. W.A. Sewell, MB, BS, BSc Syd, PhD Melb FRCPA Ms R. Stutchbury Southern Highlands Rep. vacant The Society originated in the year 1821 as the Philosophical Society of Australasia. Its main function is the promotion of Science by: publishing results of scientific investigations in its Journal and Proceedings; conducting monthly meetings; organising summer science schools for senior secondary school students; awarding prizes and medals; and by liason with other scientific societies. Special meetings are held for: the Pollock Memorial Lecture in Physics and Mathematics, the Liversidge Research Lecture in Chemistry, the Clarke Memorial Lecture in Geology, Zoology and Botany, and the Poggendorf Lecture in Agricultural Science. -
International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences
International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences INHIGEO ANNUAL RECORD I No. 47 Covering activitiesI generally in 2014 Issued in 2015 INHIGEO is A Commission of the International Union of Geological Sciences & An affiliate of the International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology Compiled and Edited by Wolf Mayer INHIGEO Editor Printed in Canberra on request Available at www.inhigeo.org 1 | P a g e ISSN 1028-1533 International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences INHIGEO I ANNUALI RECORD No. 47 Covering activities generally in 2014 Issued in 2015 INHIGEO is A Commission of the International Union of Geological Sciences & An affiliate of the International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology Compiled and Edited by Wolf Mayer INHIGEO Editor Printed in Canberra on request Available at www.inhigeo.org 2 | P a g e CONTENTS INHIGEO Annual Record No. 47 (Published in June 2015 and covering events generally in 2014) INHIGEO BOARD 7 MESSAGES TO MEMBERS President‘s Message: Kenneth L. Taylor 8 Secretary-General‘s Report: Barry Cooper 9 Editor’s Message: Wolf Mayer 10 INHIGEO CONFERENCES 40th INHIGEO Symposium Geosciences International Conference Centre, Beijing, China, 24-27 June 2015 11 41st INHIGEO Symposium - Cape Town, South Africa (in association with the 12 35th International Geological Congress, 27 August – 4 September 2016) 42nd INHIGEO Symposium - Yerevan, Armenia, 12-18 September 2017 13 Scheduled Future INHIGEO Conference 2018-2020 14 INHIGEO 50TH ANNIVERSARY -
The Origins of Form: Grounds, Bischoff and the Frankel House
6. The Origins of Form: Grounds, Bischoff and the Frankel House The Frankel House, at 4 Cobby Street, Campbell, was designed by Grounds in 1969 and realised by the same team that produced the Gascoigne House: Bischoff, who worked closely with the Frankels to develop the design and prepare contract documents from late 1969 to early 1970, and Roetzer, who constructed the house during 1971 and 1972. This was the third architect- designed house commissioned by the Frankels, and the second in Canberra. The first house, in Christchurch, New Zealand, was designed by Ernst Plischke, while the second, designed by Oscar Bayne, was adjacent to the CSIRO at 40 Nicholson Crescent, Acton. Figure 6.1 Frankel House, Opawa, Christchurch, c. 1940 Photograph: Manuscript Collection, Adolph Basser Library, Australian Academy of Science. Frankel, Sir O. H., FAA (1900–2007), MS 106, Box 13 161 Experiments in Modern Living Figure 6.2 Frankel House, Cobby Street, Campbell, view from south-west Photograph: Ben Wrigley, 2011 When the National Capital Development Commission (NCDC) decided to widen Nicholson Crescent to form part of Barry Drive—a major new road intended to connect the expanding suburbs of Belconnen to the city centre—one obstacle stood in their way: the Frankels’ first Canberra House.1 This was not so much a physical impediment as a political one: Otto—already ‘Sir Otto’—and Margaret had significant clout. Not wanting to become embroiled in a drawnout battle, officers of the NCDC offered the Frankels an alternative building site in Campbell in return -
John Lewes Pedder in Van Diemen's Land, 1824-1854
CONSTRUCTING A COLONIAL CHIEF JUSTICE: JOHN LEWES PEDDER IN VAN DIEMEN’S LAND, 1824-1854 Jacqueline Fox BA (Hons) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Tasmania May 2012 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT This thesis may be made available for loan. Copying and communication of any part of this thesis is prohibited for two years from the date this statement was signed; after that time limited copying and communication is permitted in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. ........................................................................ Jacqueline Fox 14 May 2012 DECLARATION This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by any tertiary institution nor, so far as I am aware, any material published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of the thesis, nor does it contain any material that infringes copyright. ........................................................................ Jacqueline Fox 14 May 2012 ABSTRACT Foundation Chief Justice of Van Diemen’s Land, Sir John Lewes Pedder (1793-1859) was appointed by the Colonial Office to administer English law in the colony from 1824. As an official member of the Executive and Legislative Councils, he also provided policy advice and certified local legislation. Until his retirement in 1854, Pedder was a central figure in the colonial administration and settler community. Contributing to the emerging fields of settler colonial studies and comparative colonial legal history, this thesis situates Pedder within the Anglophone colonial world at a significant period of transition from empire to nation-state. Engaging constructively with Philip Girard’s ‘window on an age’ model for writing the lives of colonial judges, it also broadens the focus from the presentist, professional concerns of conventional judicial biography to a more historically sensitive reading of the archive. -
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments When I first started researching Canberra houses I was impressed by the level of interest the topic generated. Many people volunteered information and provided useful contacts. When I combined their recollections with my own primary research and oral history interviews, I felt like I was assembling a puzzle—a giant, mid-twentieth-century puzzle of Canberra’s history—whose components were houses, architects, clients, scientific institutions and dates. Most of all I am indebted to the clients and the architects who commissioned and designed the houses discussed in the following pages. Clients Frank Fenner, John Zwar and Ben Gascoigne, and architect Colin Griffiths from Harry Seidler’s office, were generous with their time and gave excellent firsthand accounts of those events—more than half a century ago—that shaped their houses. Without their enthusiasm, and willingness to answer my many questions, this study would not have been possible. The book is further indebted to the many other clients and architects who have long departed but whose voices can still be heard in the extensive personal correspondence and records they left behind. I would also like to thank many family members of those original protagonists. The Gascoigne family—Hester, Thomas (‘Toss’) and Martin—were most helpful in recalling details of the lives, and houses, of Ben and Rosalie. Hester and Toss deserve a special mention for their personal interest in my project, for their generosity in offering information and contacts regarding other houses and other clients, and in facilitating the interviews with Ben. Martin Gascoigne located suitable images from the Rosalie Gascoigne Archives.