Worcester Is the Museum!
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REVOLUTIONARY WORCESTER AN EXPLORATION IN TIME OUR CITY. OUR HISTORY. OUR FUTURE. 2019 WORCESTR HISTORICAL MUSEUM WORCESTER IS THE MUSEUM! 30 Elm Street Worcester, MA 01609 508.753.8278 Thank you for being with us on our exciting We hope you will enjoy this revolutionary www.worcesterhistory.org adventure to preserve the past...to inspire the tour of Worcester, created by WHM! future. With you, we will continue to [email protected] Imagine yourself back in time, in a Worcester [email protected] preserve Worcester’s history...from where information traveled at the speed of yesterday...to today...and for tomorrow. horses or foot. News from beyond came from You meet the most interesting people at travelers who patronized the handful of Visit WHM for…. WHM. People who built Worcester and gave taverns in town, from letters that sometimes it the character it has today. People like took weeks to arrive, from newspapers. Yet Exhibits—historic Esther Forbes and Harvey Ball, Major Taylor local citizenry kept themselves informed and & contemporary and Abbie Hoffman. We also meet new took up the Patriot cause with fervor and deep Extensive people as we bring our history to schools, conviction. Research Library festivals, civic and cultural groups. The stops on this tour relate to Worcester in Together, we can honor the city’s legacy, the Revolution, a heady time for this young materials town and, indeed, for all colonists. Gift Shop, celebrate its cultural diversity, and preserve today and tomorrow’s history. Rentals, and orcester at the time of digitized history It is also no secret that the American WHM has a fabulous, Interactive Revolution was a rural, interactive gallery that agricultural community Gallery is perfect for children of W established some sixty years earlier. The Be a Member! all ages. The Alden population of about 1,900 was roughly one- Give a Gift Family Gallery is open tenth that of Boston. Everyone, including all year long as is the professional gentlemen, farmed. Settlement Rockwell and Booth clustered along what is now Main Street Galleries with changing from Court House Hill to the Common exhibits. The Fuller where the steeple of Old South MUSEUM HOURS Industrial Gallery is Meetinghouse dominated the skyline, and where you will find all along the road to Boston (Lincoln Street). Gallery Hours of Worcester’s firsts Small grist and sawmills mills hugged the Tuesday - Saturday: 10A - 4P such as barbed wire, a corset and even a suit banks of waterways amidst widely scattered 4th Thursday of the Month: by David Clark Company, a pioneer in air and farms. Some stately two-story dwellings 10A -8:30P space crew protective equipment. graced the landscape, but most people Library Hours Take advantage of all our great exhibits and lived in modest one-story houses of two or Wednesday - Saturday: programs and visit 30 Elm Street and three rooms. Broad 10A– 4P; 4th Thursday of the Salisbury Mansion at 40 Highland Street swaths of trees Month: 10A - 8:30P often. Take some time to visit the Research provided ample Salisbury Mansion Library and go online to Digital Worcester. firewood and building stock. Dirt Thursday - Saturday: 1- 4P We hope that you will spread-the-word and encourage family and friends to become roadways were ADMISSION members/donors. rutted by the hooves Adults $5 of livestock and cart Thanks to your support, we will continue to Seniors $4 wheels. Cattle inspire individuals to experience the wonder Members and children grazed on the of exploration and discovery of Common. age 18 and under are Worcester...both inside and outside the always free! museum. JOIN OUR EMAIL LIST— forward your email to [email protected]. This publication and tour are created by Worcester Historical Museum. (1) SALISBURY MANSION —40 Highland Street In an unprecedented display of grassroots activism, (3) RURAL CEMETERY—180 Grove Street Worcester County citizens gathered on the grounds of Isaiah Thomas’s remains, located in the front right corner, Salisbury Mansion in 1774 to march over and close the court were moved from Mechanic Street Burial Ground to Rural house in protest of the recently passed Coercive Acts. To Cemetery in 1878. Among the more than 13,000 buried read more, see Ray Raphael, The First American Revolution there today, you will find additional Revolutionary-era (2002). The mansion at that time stood at what is now names as members of numerous local families were Lincoln Square (the site of the former Boys’ Club); it was reburied there after the cemetery opened in 1838, among moved up the hill to its present location in 1929. them Stephen Salisbury I. Salisbury Mansion at Lincoln Square 1840-1855 and today. Isaiah Thomas Tomb and Inscription in Rural Cemetery. (4) Site of the SECOND COUNTY COURT HOUSE - 2 Main Street Outraged citizens closed this court house in 1774 in “the first (2) HANCOCK HOUSE - American Revolution.” It was built in 1750, replacing the formerly south corner of Grove and Lexington Streets original court house, and was subsequently replaced several After fleeing Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775, John times by ever-larger structures. The site is now occupied by Hancock came to this house to await the arrival of the former Worcester County Court House at Lincoln Square. his document-filled trunk (left at the Buckman Tavern) and his The second county court house was relocated and today is a compatriots before traveling to Philadelphia to attend the private residence at 6 Massachusetts Avenue. Second Continental Congress. This house originally stood on the road to Boston, just south of the Oaks (DAR). The next owner, Site today and private residence today. Governor Levi Lincoln Sr. (1749-1820), served in President Thomas Jefferson’s cabinet and as attorney general of the United States. It was moved to Grove Street by a new owner in 1846. When it was torn down in 1910, the front door of this fine 1741 mansion was placed in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution. Hancock House on Grove Street c. 1910 & today. (5) KNOX MARKER - corner Highland and Main Streets In May 1775, Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold captured the British outpost at Fort Ticonderoga, New York. Later that year George Washington sent Henry Knox to bring the nearly 60 cannons from the fort to Boston where they were deployed at Dorchester Heights. Their presence helped force the British to evacuate the city in March 1776. The Knox “train of artillery” passed through many Massachusetts towns, including Worcester. In 1927, a monument was placed at the corner of Highland and Main streets, in front of the former Worcester County Court House. Detail of Marker on left and site today. (6) ISAIAH THOMAS HOUSE—former vicinity of 2 Main (7) HEYWOOD TAVERN—corner of Elm and Main Street Streets Under threat of physical harm, Patriot printer Isaiah Thomas When Patriots occupied the court house to protest the (1749-1831) fled Boston in 1775 to set up his press in Worcester. Coercive Acts on September 6, 1774—setting in motion the His newspaper, the Massachusetts Spy, was the first to report on first American Revolution—Royal officials (judges, justices of the fighting in Lexington and Concord. His house, built on upper the peace, attorneys, and the county sheriff) fled to safety Main Street, was moved after his death to the rear of the court at Daniel Heywood’s Tavern until the events of the day house lot to make room for construction of a new court house in could be resolved. It was later replaced by Bay State House. 1845. The house was torn down in 1923. Fireplace tiles saved from the wreckage are on exhibit in the museum’s Rice Gallery. Heywood Tavern as it looked in the 1830s and site today. Isaiah Thomas 2nd location and site today. (9) DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE—455 Main Street (8) KING’S ARMS TAVERN—corner Elm and Main Streets The star in front of City Hall marks the spot where, on July 14, In 1774—the year of the first American Revolution—the 1776, Isaiah Thomas stood on the western porch of Old South tavern was under the proprietorship of Widow Mary Meetinghouse and delivered the first public reading of the Sternes. Tories met here to draft and sign their 1774 Declaration of Independence in Massachusetts. The plan was to protest. A plaque located at the base of Elm Street notes its read it at Boston but, fearing interception by British patrols Patriot significance: “On his way to take command of the occupying the city, it was decided it would Continental Army at be read in Worcester by the distinguished Cambridge George patriot. The marker was placed by the Washington was Worcester Society of Antiquity (now entertained at this spot Worcester Historical Museum) in 1897. then occupied by the Old South Stearns [sic] Tavern, July church 1st 1775.” and site today. (10) TIMOTHY BIGELOW MONUMENT— (11) GARDINER CHANDLER MANSION— Worcester Common 478 Main Street Sheriff Gardiner Chandler (1723-1782) was a prominent Tory, At the convening of the Provincial Congress in active in royalist resistance until threatened with confiscation of October 1774, Worcester representative his considerable property. (His unrelenting brother John was Timothy Bigelow (1738-1790) proclaimed—at banished, never to return, and his property seized.) Gardiner built the behest of his constituents—that unless the a fine Georgian mansion in 1750 on Nobility Hill, across the street Massachusetts Charter of 1691 was from Old South. When the house was torn down in 1867, a built-in immediately restored, “you are to consider the cupboard (“beaufat”) was salvaged and is now installed in the people of this province absolved … from the museum’s Rice Gallery.