DOCSLIB.ORG

Phd Thesis.Univtrieste GPREDA-2014

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phd Thesis.Univtrieste GPREDA-2014 “And those who were seen dancing were thought to be insane by those who could not hear the music” (F.Nietzsche) 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all the faculty members of the University of Trieste from the Department of Political and Social Sciences and from the International University Institute for European Studies Iuies Gorizia, who inspired me during my PhD years and to the faculty members of the Free University of Brussels / l'Université libre de Bruxelles ULB and IEE- L'Institut d'Etudes Européennes that supported my work, opened new horizons for me and hosted me during my research in Brussels, in particular: -Professor Alberto Gasparini (University of Trieste, Iuies) my thesis supervisor, for his constant support, wise guidance and encouragements; - Professor Luigi Pelizzoni (University of Trieste) for his support during my PhD years; - Professor Marianne Dony (ULB Brussels /IEE), for her deep interest and belief in my work and for her extraordinary ability to stimulate my thinking; and to all the colleagues and contacts in Trieste / Brussels /Moscow (diplomats, public officials, experts, journalists ) who provided me with their valuable time and information without which this thesis would have not been possible. · Last, but most importantly, I would like to thank my family, where the most basic source of my life energy resides, for their unfailing support and unconditional love, and my close friends, for their warmth and kind encouragements. My gratitude goes in particular to my husband, for his constant belief in me, moral support and for always being there for me along this journey, and to my parents, my longstanding supporters, who have always been a constant source of inspiration in all my endeavours. 3 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the intricate relationship between European Union (EU) and The Russian Federation (referred to as Russia), through the lens of communication and public diplomacy practices. It sheds light on the question: Why do EU and Russia still lack the setup to map out a joint strategy for managing bilateral communications, despite their mutually acknowledged need to strengthen their comprehensive strategic partnership?. The overall claim is that, although both sides constantly reaffirm their “strong commitment” to an authentic strategic partnership on the axis Brussels-Moscow and to an enhanced bilateral communication, in reality the two actors have always maintained a certain distance in the public sphere and have never stopped perpetuating conflicting narratives on the evolution of their relationship (grounded in divergent vocabularies), while competing for the greatest possible domination of the political communication arena , as part of what appears a wide-ranging competition to sway international policy-making and gain political control when addressing common issues or concerns. In particular, the dissertation draws attention on some of the key distinctive features that typify communication practices in EU-Russian relations, whereby the two actors constantly compete for both access to and influence over the (inter)national media (over international agenda building and frame building as one central strategic activity of their public diplomacy processes). In this sense, it emphasizes the case of presidential summits, presented as a key indicator of a particularly complex relationship between these two partners gradually drifting apart. The assumption is that the “fight”/competition between EU and Russia for the greatest possible domination of the political communication arena (media access and media framing) has alwas been a central element of these events, with both actors realizing that sympathetic media coverage is a prerequisite for political 4 influence. On this point, the thesis identifies various divergent framings in EU and Russian public messages, media statements, discourses and press releases distributed on these occasions, which address common issues or concerns. Temporally, the period between 1998 and 2013 /January 2014 is essential to empirically map EU-Russia interactions in this specific settings and to derive the relevant conclusions. The dissertation speaks to various bodies of literature, as my investigation requires an interdisciplinary approach, while employing various theories and concepts, with emphasis on international relations, communications and public diplomacy. It will hopefully provide a useful baseline for future research and debates as it offers useful insights on the peculiar interplay between public diplomacy and realpolitik dynamics on the international political communication scene. Questo ricerca ha l’obiettivo di indagare ed analizzare alcuni aspetti chiave dei rapporti tra l’Unione Europea (UE) e la Russia, con una particolare attenzione alle dinamiche che riguardano la comunicazione e i canali della diplomazia pubblica negli ultimi decenni. L’analisi affronta alcuni nodi problematici ed ancora irrisolti, concentrandosi su casi ed aspetti specifici, quali per esempio quello dei canali della diplomazia pubblica russa ed europea o del significato dei summit presidenziali UE-Russia. La tesi incrocia vari temi di attualità e dibattiti internazionali attinenti la diplomazia pubblica e al rapporto tra le sue fonti intenzionali e quelle non intenzionali o il dibattito sulle sfide dei rapporti istituzionali UE-Russia. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: THE PUZZLE - RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS p.8 Chapter 1. Introduction p.9 1.1. The Background 1.2. The Research Problem 1.3. The Rationale- Research Question. Hypothesis Chapter 2. Research Design p.28 2.1 Organization of the dissertation 2.2. Research Design - Design/Methods, Data Sources/Collection 2.3. Key Terms /Concepts PART II: REALPOLITIK DYNAMICS.ENDURING ISSUES. EMERGING DILEMMAS - HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW p.49 Chapter 3. Past and present: Forging an (un)strategic partnership?! p.50 3.1.The outset - The unclear criteria, The historical legacies 3.2.The Current Institutional Framework - Major Shortcomings and Deadlocks Chapter 4. Future scenarios: Enduring Issues.Emerging Dilemmas p.90 4.1. Contributions from the literature – Brief overview of debates 4.2. Research Gaps and Missing Links - Social power, Public Diplomacy, Framing 6 PART III: COMMUNICATION EXERCISES: FRAMING THE DEBATE ON A TROUBLED RELATIONSHIP - AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS - p.117 Chapter 5. Public Diplomacy and Image Construction p.118 5.1.Communication Practices: A SWOT analysis – Messages, Processes, Context 5.2. Communication Styles: EU vs. Russia- Rationale, Tactics, Key protagonists Chapter 6. The case of presidential summits p.168 6.1. General overview & Controversies 6.2. Mediated Public Diplomacy Tools and Selected Frames PART IV: CONCLUSIONS p.202 Chapter 7. Discussions and Concluding Remarks p.203 Chapter 8. Limitation of the Study p.209 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY p.211 7 PART I. THE PUZZLE - RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - 8 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION When studying new trends in the contemporary diplomatic landscape and global communications, such as the surge of public diplomacy, the EU and Russia are two interesting cases, as both are international actors in transformation, each one in its own way. Furthermore, the strategic relevance of their complex relationship, which might have a strong impact on the redefinition of the whole international system, raises several questions about the changes under way in an wider international context saturated with power and with its polymorphous character (Weldes &Van Ham, 2010): whether hard, soft, sharp, sweet, sticky, agentic, structural, power interaction between these two actors determines not only how political outcomes are produced, but also how their are constrained, transformed and eventually communicated to the public. This thesis argues that, by examining the intricacies of the EU-Russian flawed cooperation1, through the prism of public diplomacy, conceptualized as a key practice of power, we might thus arrive at a better understanding of the latest tendencies affecting the evolution of diplomatic relations and thus of the vast area of global governance. 1.1. THE BACKGROUND The study starts from the assumption that in the age of the Internet, of media ubiquity and of global communications, the evolution of diplomatic practices has reached a new stage in many aspects. Nowadays, the success of any actor on 1 The last event in EU-Russia relations analysed by the dissertation dates back to January 2014 (32nd EU-Russian Summit http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-58_en.htm) 9 the international scene 2 depends highly not only on the way it handles partnerships -be they strategic or not- and solves deadlocks3 at either bilateral or multilateral level, but also on how it manages its (public) communications with (non)partners, rivals and with the public opinion. In this sense, politics involves the exercise of power with various forms at play simultaneously (Weldes &Van Ham, 2010). Interestingly enough, as Van Ham (2010) suggests, passivity and non-action may also demonstrate at times a particular form of power, namely “an actor’s power to resist change 4 . Furthermore, several authors focus on the concept of “symmetry of power”, like Amrita Narlikar who claims that deadlocks often occur if there is “symmetry of power”, as neither party is able to impose its will on the other, and are more likely when parties are symmetrically strong (not equally weak) 5 . Also, according to Narlikar, mild discrepancies in power can lead to stalemates, with stronger parties for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guidelines for Teachers Module 6 - European Parliament Role Play Game
    GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS MODULE 6 - EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ROLE PLAY GAME This role play game puts your pupils in the shoes of a Member of the European Parliament. For one to two hours, your classroom becomes the European Parliament itself, and your pupils discuss how they would tackle current EU topics like global warming, tobacco rules and an EU army. This role play game will help your pupils to develop their democratic skills. These skills include developing a critical opinion, debating skills and learning to make compromises. First, pupils work in smaller groups - parliamentary committees - on a legislative proposal from the European Commission. They use a game board with thematic cards. While amending the legislative proposal, they must take into account the different points of view of the Council of the European Union and other stakeholders. There are five topics to choose from, of different difficulty levels. Second, there is a plenary debate in class, where the groups present their adapted laws. This is followed by a class vote. Finally, there is a thorough debriefing and evaluation of the role play game, pointing out the similarities and differences between the classroom exercise and reality. METHODOLOGY DURATION MATERIALS Role play game: work 25 mins - Game board for each group in parliamentary committees - Worksheet for each group - Set of theme cards for each group. The cards need to be printed on one side and cut out. - Thematic legislative proposal of the European Commission for each group. Role play game: 10 mins per - Blackboard/flipchart + chalk/marker plenary debate and theme vote - Filled-in worksheet for each group Debriefing and 15 mins to 1 - Computer + projector evaluation hour - Presentation of part 6 Disclaimer Neither the form nor the content of this exercise offer a complete and correct representation of reality, nor do they represent the actual points of view of the European Parliament, the European Commission, the Council of the European Union or the lobby groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Resolution Template
    RESOLUTION BOOKLET September 30th – October 8th Zagreb, Croatia September 30th – October 8th | Zagreb, Croatia The 68th International Session was supported by: This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 2 September 30th – October 8th | Zagreb, Croatia Programme of the General Assembly Friday, October 7th 2011 Opening of General Assembly 1. Committee on Employment and Social Affairs Coffee Break 2. Committee on Human Rights 3. Committee on Internal Markets and Consumer Affairs 4. Committee on Culture and Education II Lunch 5. Committee on Industry, Trade, Research and Energy I 6. Committee on Foreign Affairs II Coffee Break 7. Committee on Security and Defence 8. Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs Saturday, October 8th 2011 1. Committee on Civil Liberties and Home Affairs 2. Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety Coffee Break 3. Committee on Crisis 4. Committee on Culture and Education I 5. Committee on Development Lunch 6. Committee on Industry Research and Energy II 7. Committee on Foreign Affairs I 3 September 30th – October 8th | Zagreb, Croatia Procedure of the General Assembly General rules The wish to speak is indicated by raising the committee placard. The authority of the board is absolute. Procedure and time settings Presenting of the motion for the resolution (amendments, operative clauses) Points of information 3 minutes to explain the motion for the resolution 3 minutes to respond on the motion for the resolution Open debate 3 minutes to sum-up the debate Voting procedure Announcing the votes Friendly amendment A friendly amendment is a last minute modifications of a resolution in order to improve it.
    [Show full text]
  • Erlan Idrissov, Chairman of the Kazakhstan
    +21°C / +9°C WEDNESDAY, JULY 16, 2014 No 13 (56) www.astanatimes.com National museum of Kazakhstan opens With Government presidential Speech, international Visitors Approves General Gasification Scheme By Kulpash Konyrova duced gas – 25 billion cubic me- tres – will be used for re-injection ASTANA – “The Kazakh govern- to maintain the necessary pressure ment has approved a general scheme to extract oil from oil reservoirs, for the gasification of the country. the minister said, which is why pro- This policy document defines eco- duction volumes of usable gas will nomically sound strategic directions reach 21 billion cubic metres per to ensure reliable gas supply to con- year by 2030. sumers,” Minister of Oil and Gas “According to the forecast, in Uzakbai Karabalin said on June 24. 2030, the largest consumers of com- The new plan is intended to in- mercial gas will be industrial en- The National Museum of Kazakhstan crease gas production, consump- terprises and enterprises in the fuel Temporary exhibits of archival pho- tion and transportation, including and energy complex, [at] 31 and 40 tos and felt clothing were also among through building new pipelines, percent, respectively. Many of these the exhibitions on opening day. over the next 15 years. companies are included in the State As for the museum itself, Simp- Over the past 20 years, oil produc- Programme of Accelerated Indus- son said, “It’s very dramatic. It’s tion in Kazakhstan has more than tri- trial and Innovative Development monumental. It’s right in the mid- pled and gas production has grown (SPAIID),” said Karabalin.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Guide Euroscepticism
    Information Guide Euroscepticism A guide to information sources on Euroscepticism, with hyperlinks to further sources of information within European Sources Online and on external websites Contents Introduction .................................................................................................. 2 Brief Historical Overview................................................................................. 2 Euro Crisis 2008 ............................................................................................ 3 European Elections 2014 ................................................................................ 5 Euroscepticism in Europe ................................................................................ 8 Eurosceptic organisations ......................................................................... 10 Eurosceptic thinktanks ............................................................................. 10 Transnational Eurosceptic parties and political groups .................................. 11 Eurocritical media ................................................................................... 12 EU Reaction ................................................................................................. 13 Information sources in the ESO database ........................................................ 14 Further information sources on the internet ..................................................... 14 Copyright © 2016 Cardiff EDC. All rights reserved. 1 Cardiff EDC is part of the University Library
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Eusa Biennial Conference, Montreal, May 2007
    EUSA BIENNIAL CONFERENCE, MONTREAL, MAY 2007 Communicating Europe: why so controversial? The Parliament’s webTV project MICHAEL SHACKLETON Secretariat of the European Parliament Brussels, Belgium1 Introduction The rejection of the European Constitution by French and Dutch voters in the early summer of 2005 provoked much soul-searching within the EU institutions. A lengthy period of reflection began, with everyone very uncertain about what to do next. However, such uncertainty was not synonymous with inactivity. A rather broad consensus held that the institutions had to do much more to communicate what they were doing. 70% of Europe’s citizens claimed to know very little or practically nothing about the EU and so most felt that an improved information effort was one of the ways to fill the perceived gap between the Brussels world and everybody else. After all, the EU was still producing plenty of legislation, often on highly controversial subjects, such as Reach and the Services Directive, but apparently only a minority of the citizens knew what was happening or realised that it was relevant to them. The best-known proposals developed to improve the flow of information and to reduce the gap emerged from the Commission. Margot Wallstrom, Vice-President of the Commission, put forward a series of ideas in 2005 and 2006 under the overall title of Plan D for Democracy, Dialogue and Debate, designed to coordinate the institutions’ communication strategy. However, there was much activity beyond the corridors of the Commission. This paper will concentrate on the European Parliament’s efforts to create a webTV channel, designed to enable EU citizens to know and understand better what the Parliament they elected is doing.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Study European Parliament in Brussels & Strasbourg
    Case Study European Parliament in Brussels & Strasbourg IP TO KEEP EUROPEAN CITIZENS IN THE LOOP Lawo Case Study: IP To Keep European Citizens in The Loop Lawo Material installed at the European Parliament: Audio Gear • 2x Nova 73 HD, handling over 3000 channels each • 2x mc2 36 mixing consoles • 1x mc2 56 mixing console IP Devices • Over 30x V__link 4 video and audio signal transport and processing modules, also used for lip sync (Brussels and Strasbourg) Control • 4x VSM Broadcast Control and Monitoring System (1 main, 1 backup each) 2 European Parliament in Brussels & Strasbourg Streaming and IP for Transparency The best way to keep the European flame burning—and to All material that can be streamed from this website is available counter remarks to the effect that nobody actually knows what’s in all official languages of the European Union (for which going on “in Brussels”—is to allow the public to follow the interpretation is provided), plus the original language. Up to 13 debates of the European Parliament. events can be broadcast simultaneously and are presented in three different qualities to accommodate different bandwidths. To this effect, the European Parliament hosts a website called EuroparlTV (www.europarltv.europa.eu) where debates at the Detailed instructions are available on the website to ensure European Parliament in Brussels or Strasbourg can be streamed that all European citizens with an internet connection can take in the WMV (Windows Media Video) video format. The MP4 advantage of this service. format (Moving Picture Experts Group) is scheduled to be added soon. The services provided by the EuroparlTV site are Live Broadcasts, Plenary on Demand, Committees on Demand, and Other events on Demand.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Guide European Parliament
    Information Guide European Parliament A guide to the European Parliament, with hyperlinks to sources of information within European Sources Online and on external websites Contents Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 2 History ......................................................................................................... 3 Legal basis ................................................................................................... 4 Role ............................................................................................................. 5 Elections and turnout ..................................................................................... 8 Members of the European Parliament .............................................................. 10 Organisation of Parliament ............................................................................. 11 Political Groups ............................................................................................ 11 Committees ................................................................................................. 12 External delegations ..................................................................................... 13 Plenary sessions ........................................................................................... 14 Location .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter Closing Loops: Summer 2018 Towardseditorial an Effective Titlepost-2020 TITLE Science- Policy-Society Interface in Europe
    Issue 47 Editorial Newsletter Closing loops: Summer 2018 TowardsEditorial an effective TITLEpost-2020 TITLE science- policy-society interface in Europe In this issue P.2 Closing loops: Towards an effective post-2020 science-policy-society interface in Europe P.4 Think 2030 speakers and partners announced P.6 New appointments and presenting the IEEP Strategic Advisory Council P.13 IEEP Annual Review 2016 – 17 P.14 2018-19 European Policy Calendar P.18 Books & Publications P.19 Conferences & Events Closing loops: Towards an effective post-2020 science-policy-society interface in Europe by Céline Charveriat IEEP Executive Director Sustainable Development learning and knowledge creation”2. ruptive forces and tipping points Goals are disruptive. They Indeed, an effective science-policy and building not only on applied sci- imply a radical departure interface should include horizon ence, but also evidence developed “ scanning and foresight, address by practitioners directly involved from business as usual…likely to require new ways to approach short-term expertise needs, pro- in the implementation of policies. the science-policy interface.”1 vide consolidated views from a Moreover, this process must be able range of science and analytical to accommodate divergent view- disciplines, identify policy-relevant points from policy-makers who are These conclusions from the 2016 knowledge gaps to inform EU and driven more by beliefs than scien- UN’s Forum for Science, Technol- Member States’ research priori- tific evidence and by today’s inter- ogy and Innovation of the SDGs ties, and communicate clearly and ests to voters than by the interests of are important to bear in mind for honestly to inform public debate on future generations.
    [Show full text]
  • A Teaching Resource for 11-18 Year Olds
    The European Parliament Parliament European The www.europarl.org.uk a n d a l l t h a t The A teaching resource for 11 – 18 year olds – 18 A teaching 11 for resource European Parliament and all A teachingth resource fora 11 – 18 yeart olds Contents Curriculum opportunities for teaching about Europe and the EU 4 Activity Level 1. What is the European Union and who belongs to it? basic 11 2. Where did the European Union come from? basic 17 3. How does the European Union work? basic / medium 21 4. European Institutions – getting them sorted medium / advanced 27 5. MEPs - investigating their role and views medium / advanced 33 6. Your mobile phone and the European Union medium 39 7. Making laws about food and the environment advanced 43 8. EU4U? Arguments for and against membership medium / advanced 49 9. Active citizens in Europe advanced 61 10. What do you know about the European Union? basic / medium / advanced 69 produced in partnership with The European Parliament and all that 3 Curriculum opportunities for learning about Europe and the European Union This summary describes some of the key requirements and opportunities for learning about Europe and the European Union (EU) in the various curricula and qualifications provided in the different education systems operating in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The summary focuses in particular on the opportunities within citizenship education. Further opportunities will be found in other subjects such as the social sciences and humanities subjects and business. Many schools, colleges and training providers also make provision through focus days, such as ‘Europe Day’ or use contemporary issues and events that lend themselves to developing opportunities for learning about Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing a Model for Open Government in the Eu Acknowledgements
    DEVELOPING A MODEL FOR OPEN GOVERNMENT IN THE EU ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors and the Democratic Society would like to thank all those who willingly gave up their time and energy to be interviewed as part of this project, as well as Andrei Liimets of Open Estonia Foundation and Ovidiu Voicu of the Center for Public Innovation who were our partners and carried out national case studies in Estonia and Romania respectively. REPORT AUTHORS: Michelle Brook, Mat Basford, Niamh Webster, Andy Williamson, and Anthony Zacharzewski, The Democratic Society. Additional input and country research provided by Andrei Liimets (Open Estonia Foundation), and Ovidiu Voicu (Center for Public Innovation, Romania). This report was commissioned by the Open Society European Policy Institute (OSEPI). Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. For more information see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ DEVELOPING A MODEL FOR OPEN GOVERNMENT IN THE EU 1 CONTENTS 1 SUMMARY 2 2 INTRODUCTION 6 3 DEFINING OPEN GOVERNMENT 8 4 OPEN GOVERNMENT AND THE EU INSTITUTIONS 10 5 TRANSPARENCY 14 6 INTEGRITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY 30 7 PARTICIPATION AND CIVIL SOCIETY 40 8 EXPERIENCES OF THE OPEN GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP 56 9 OPTIONS FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE OPEN GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP 68 10 RECOMMENDATIONS 76 ANNEX A – METHOD AND LIMITATIONS 81 2 DEVELOPING A MODEL FOR OPEN GOVERNMENT IN THE EU SUMMARY “Open minds, open societies, and increasingly open systems of government and governance. On the latter, the European Commission aims to lead the way”1 – First Vice-President Timmermans overnments cannot rely on public support – they must earn it.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the European Parliament's Reaction to the Arab Spring
    Democratization through Public Diplomacy: An Analysis of the European Parliament's Reaction to the Arab Spring By Michael Reinprecht & Henrietta Levin CPD Persepectives on Public Diplomacy Paper 6, 2015 Democratization through Public Diplomacy: An Analysis of the European Parliament’s Reaction to the Arab Spring Michael Reinprecht & Henrietta Levin October 2015 Figueroa Press Los Angeles DEMOCRATIZATION THROUGH PUBLIC DIPLOMACY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT’S REACTION TO THE ARAB SPRING by Michael Reinprecht & Heniretta Levin Published by FIGUEROA PRESS 840 Childs Way, 3rd Floor Los Angeles, CA 90089 Phone: (213) 743-4800 Fax: (213) 743-4804 www.figueroapress.com Figueroa Press is a division of the USC Bookstores Cover, text, and layout design by Produced by Crestec, Los Angeles, Inc. Printed in the United States of America Notice of Rights Copyright © 2015. All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without prior written permission from the author, care of Figueroa Press. Notice of Liability The information in this book is distributed on an “As is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, neither the author nor Figueroa nor the USC University Bookstore shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by any text contained in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Collaborative Competition': Stance-Taking and Positioning in the European Parliament
    ‘Collaborative Competition’ Stance-taking and Positioning in the European Parliament Nazlı Avdan Linköping Studies in Arts and Science No. 719 Studies in Language and Culture No. 29 Faculty of Arts and Sciences Linköping 2017 Linköping Studies in Arts and Science No. 719 At the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Linköping University, research and doctoral studies are carried out within broad problem areas. Research is organized in interdisciplinary research environments and doctoral studies mainly in graduate schools. Jointly, they publish the series Linköping Studies in Arts and Science. This thesis comes from the Graduate School in Language and Culture in Europe at the Department of Culture and Communication. Distributed by: Department of Culture and Communication Linköping University SE-581 83 Linköping Nazlı Avdan ’Collaborative Competition’ Stance-taking and Positioning in the European Parliament Edition 1:1 ISBN 978-91-7685-493-8 ISSN 0282-9800 Studies in Language and Culture No. 29 ãNazli E. Avdan Department of Culture and Communication, 2017 Cover image: Redmer Hoekstra With the artist’s permission Cover layout: Martin Pettersson Printed in Sweden by LiU-Tryck, Linköping, Sweden, 2017 To Tayfun Table of Contents List of Tables .......................................................................................................... v List of Figures ....................................................................................................... vii List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]