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Beyond Social Democracy in West Germany?
BEYOND SOCIAL DEMOCRACY IN WEST GERMANY? William Graf I The theme of transcending, bypassing, revising, reinvigorating or otherwise raising German Social Democracy to a higher level recurs throughout the party's century-and-a-quarter history. Figures such as Luxemburg, Hilferding, Liebknecht-as well as Lassalle, Kautsky and Bernstein-recall prolonged, intensive intra-party debates about the desirable relationship between the party and the capitalist state, the sources of its mass support, and the strategy and tactics best suited to accomplishing socialism. Although the post-1945 SPD has in many ways replicated these controversies surrounding the limits and prospects of Social Democracy, it has not reproduced the Left-Right dimension, the fundamental lines of political discourse that characterised the party before 1933 and indeed, in exile or underground during the Third Reich. The crucial difference between then and now is that during the Second Reich and Weimar Republic, any significant shift to the right on the part of the SPD leader- ship,' such as the parliamentary party's approval of war credits in 1914, its truck under Ebert with the reactionary forces, its periodic lapses into 'parliamentary opportunism' or the right rump's acceptance of Hitler's Enabling Law in 1933, would be countered and challenged at every step by the Left. The success of the USPD, the rise of the Spartacus move- ment, and the consistent increase in the KPD's mass following throughout the Weimar era were all concrete and determined reactions to deficiences or revisions in Social Democratic praxis. Since 1945, however, the dynamics of Social Democracy have changed considerably. -
The Formation of the Communist Party of Germany and the Collapse of the German Democratic Republi C
Enclosure #2 THE NATIONAL COUNCI L FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEA N RESEARC H 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N .W . Washington, D.C . 20036 THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : Politics Unhinged : The Formation of the Communist Party of Germany and the Collapse of the German Democratic Republi c AUTHOR : Eric D . Weitz Associate Professo r Department of History St . Olaf Colleg e 1520 St . Olaf Avenu e Northfield, Minnesota 5505 7 CONTRACTOR : St . Olaf College PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : Eric D . Weit z COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 806-3 1 DATE : April 12, 199 3 The work leading to this report was supported by funds provided by the National Council for Soviet and East Europea n Research. The analysis and interpretations contained in the report are those of the author. i Abbreviations and Glossary AIZ Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung (KPD illustrated weekly newspaper ) Alter Verband Mineworkers Union Antifas Antifascist Committee s BL Bezirksleitung (district leadership of KPD ) BLW Betriebsarchiv der Leuna-Werke BzG Beiträge zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung Comintern Communist International CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Unio n DMV Deutscher Metallarbeiter Verband (German Metalworkers Union ) ECCI Executive Committee of the Communist Internationa l GDR German Democratic Republic GW Rosa Luxemburg, Gesammelte Werke HIA, NSDAP Hoover Institution Archives, NSDAP Hauptarchi v HStAD Hauptstaatsarchiv Düsseldorf IGA, ZPA Institut für Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung, Zentrales Parteiarchi v (KPD/SED Central Party Archive -
Literatur 20150829
COPYRIGHT Dieses Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Es darf ohne Genehmigung nicht verwertet werden. Insbesondere darf es nicht ganz oder teilweise oder in Auszügen abgeschrieben oder in sonstiger Weise vervielfältigt werden. Für Rundfunkzwecke darf das Manuskript nur mit Genehmigung von Deutschlandradio Kultur benutzt werden. KULTUR UND GESELLSCHAFT Organisationseinheit: 46 Reihe : Literatur Kostenträger : P 62 300 Titel : Von Fallada bis Blumenbar. 70 Jahre Aufbau Verlag AutorIn : Dr. Jörg Plath Redakteurin : Barbara Wahlster/Dr. Jörg Plath Sendetermin : 30.08.2015 Regie : Giuseppe Maio Besetzung : Autor, Bernd Hörnle, Birgitt Dölling 2 Dieses Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und darf vom Empfänger ausschließlich zu rein privaten Zwecken genutzt werden. Jede Vervielfältigung, Verbreitung oder sonstige Nutzung, die über den in den §§ 45 bis 63 Urheberrechtsgesetz geregelten Umfang hinausgeht, ist unzulässig © Deutschlandradio Deutschlandradio Kultur Funkhaus Berlin Hans-Rosenthal-Platz 10825 Berlin Telefon (030) 8503-0 2 3 SPRECHER Aufbau ist ein zukunftstrunkener Name, voller Hoffnung. Aufbau ist Versprechen und Aufforderung zugleich, in ihm klingt die Parole „Wir sorgen für den Aufbau“ ebenso an wie der Imperativ „Bau auf!“ Aufbau ist nicht der Name eines Kaufmanns, eines Verlegers wie meist im Verlagswesen. Denn das Unternehmen gründete kein Privatmann, keine Privatfrau. Mit dem Aufbau Verlag traten die Arbeiter des Geistes denen der Faust zur Seite. Sie wollten 1945 wieder aufbauen, was im vergleichsweise kurzen „Tausendjährigen Reich“ untergegangen war. MUSIK Auferstanden aus Ruinen SPRECHER 3 Zukunftstrunken trat Aufbau an, voller Hoffnung – nun feiert der Verlag seinen 70. Geburtstag. Die Jahrzehnte waren sämtlich, das kann man ohne Übertreibung sagen, bewegt. Aber Aufbau hat überlebt, auch die untergehende DDR überstanden – und ist zudem älter als der Staat, den mit aufzubauen er antrat. -
Biografie Über Rudolf Bahro
Rudolf Bahro (1935 - 1997) Biografie Rudolf Bahro wurde am 18. November 1935 in Bad Flinsberg (heute: Swieradów Zdrój, Polen) geboren, einem damals bedeutenden Kurort im niederschlesischen Isergebirge. Sein Vater Max Bahro war als Viehwirtschaftsberater tätig, seine Mutter Irmgard kam aus einem Ort in der Umgebung. Gegen Ende des Krieges wurden die Kinder mit ihrer Mutter evakuiert. Der knapp Zehnjährige verlor seine Mutter und die beiden Geschwister in den Kriegswirren und erlebte ab Februar 1945 eine Odyssee durch verschiedene Orte in der Tschechoslowakei, die ihn über Wien und Kärnten schließlich in den Westen Deutschlands, nach Biedenkopf an der Lahn brachte. 1946 kam Rudolf Bahro dann wieder zu seinem Vater, der im Oderland das Ende des Krieges überstanden hatte und dort nun eine neue Familie gründete. Zwischen 1946 und 1950 besuchte Rudolf Bahro die Grundschule in verschiedenen Orten im Oderbruch und schließlich in Fürstenberg (heute Eisenhüttenstadt, das 1961 aus der Vereinigung von Fürstenberg mit dem 1951 gegründeten Stalinstadt entstand), anschließend – überdurchschnittlich begabt und intelligent - bis 1954 die Oberschule. Seit 1950 Mitglied der Freien Deutschen Jugend (FDJ), trat Rudolf Bahro bereits 1952 in die SED ein – gewonnen durch die Haltung eines seiner Lehrer. Als SED-Mitglied verstand sich Bahro als Teil einer bewussten Minderheit, die mit dem Staat DDR eine "übergeschichtliche Perspektive" verband. An der Berliner Humboldt-Universität studierte Rudolf Bahro von 1954 bis 1959 Philosophie, u. a. bei Hager, Scheler, Klaus und Heise. Seine Diplomarbeit schrieb er über "Johannes R. Becher und das Verhältnis der deutschen Arbeiterklasse und ihrer Partei zur nationalen Frage unseres Volkes". Nach dem Diplom ging Bahro nach Sachsendorf, in seine zweite Heimat Oderbruch, wo er u. -
Introduction the Surreal Without Surrealism
INTRODUCTION The Surreal without Surrealism The time will come, if it is not already come, when the surrealist enterprise:': will be studied and evaluated, in the history of literature, as an adventure of hope. —Wallace Fowlie, Age of Surrealism Indubitably, Surrealism and the GDR are closely connected, and are more closely related to each other than one might think. When, for example, one listens to the recollections and reads the memoirs of those who lived in this country, apparently no other conclusion can be drawn. Life in the East German Communist state had a surrealistic disposition, was associated with the grotesque, absurd and irrational. Admittedly, Surrealism did not exist in the GDR. Not only are the insights of Hans Magnus Enzensberger and Peter Bürger on the death of the historical avant-garde convincing and applicable to the GDR;1 it is also significant that no German artist or writer who considered him- or herself a Surrealist prior to 1945 returned from exile to settle in the SBZ or the GDR. Most of the celebrities of German Surrealism during the Weimar Republic were forced to go into exile or did not return to Germany at all. Max Ernst, for example, remained living in the USA, and then in 1953 moved to his wife’s old quarters in Paris; Hans Arp decided to live in Switzerland, and in 1949 chose the USA as his home country. Others who had lived through and survived Hitler’s Germany had to face the harsh demands of National Socialist cultural politics that downgraded the avant-garde to the status of Entartete Kunst, or degenerate art, and sidelined and even terrorized its representatives. -
Rudolf Bahro: a Socialist Without a Working Class
Rudolf Bahro: A Socialist Without a Working Class Hillel Ticktin Rudolph Bahro's book is important for two reasons. He has re-stated the basic principles of socialism in terms of overcoming the division of labour through work becoming man's prime need rather than a compulsion over which he has no control. Many people have repeated this view in the West, but for an East European to publicly proclaim that this is on the agenda is a clarion call to the left in Eastern Europe. At the same time the contrast between what has to be and what is provides a push for those who would apologise for the societies in Eastern Europe. This is particularly true for the left in West Germany which has tended for too long to be hamstrung by the view that you have to be the friend of your enemy's enemy. In the second place, his imprisonment has made his book a bestseller, making it essential for everyone to have a view of the book. It is possible that for a time the discussion on Eastern Europe will have to be divided between pre Bahro and post-Bahro. His tendency and self-sacrifice have given him a place in the history of socialist struggle. That said, however, his book has to be discussed objectively. The enormous range of subjects dealt with in his book means that Bahro has given us many themes for fruitful discussion. Nonetheless, it has to be said that Bahro has failed in his objective, namely, to do for the economy of Eastern Europe what Marx did for capitalism. -
I Green Politics and the Reformation of Liberal Democratic
Green Politics and the Reformation of Liberal Democratic Institutions. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology in the University of Canterbury by R.M.Farquhar University of Canterbury 2006 I Contents. Abstract...........................................................................................................VI Introduction....................................................................................................VII Methodology....................................................................................................XIX Part 1. Chapter 1 Critical Theory: Conflict and change, marxism, Horkheimer, Adorno, critique of positivism, instrumental reason, technocracy and the Enlightenment...................................1 1.1 Mannheim’s rehabilitation of ideology and politics. Gramsci and social and political change, hegemony and counter-hegemony. Laclau and Mouffe and radical plural democracy. Talshir and modular ideology............................................................................11 Part 2. Chapter 2 Liberal Democracy: Dryzek’s tripartite conditions for democracy. The struggle for franchise in Britain and New Zealand. Extra-Parliamentary and Parliamentary dynamics. .....................29 2.1 Technocracy, New Zealand and technocracy, globalisation, legitimation crisis. .............................................................................................................................46 Chapter 3 Liberal Democracy-historical -
Was Karl Marx an Ecosocialist?
Fast Capitalism ISSN 1930-014X Volume 17 • Issue 2 • 2020 doi:10.32855/fcapital.202002.006 Was Karl Marx an Ecosocialist? Carl Boggs Facing the provocative question as to whether Karl Marx could be regarded as an ecosocialist – the very first ecosocialist – contemporary environmentalists might be excused for feeling puzzled. After all, the theory (a historic merger of socialism and ecology) did not enter Western political discourse until the late 1970s and early 1980s, when leading figures of the European Greens (Rudolf Bahro, Rainer Trampert, Thomas Ebermann) were laying the foundations of a “red-green” politics. That would be roughly one century after Marx completed his final work. Later ecological thinkers would further refine (and redefine) the outlook, among them Barry Commoner, James O’Connor, Murray Bookchin, Andre Gorz, and Joel Kovel. It would not be until the late 1990s and into the new century, however, that leftists around the journal Monthly Review (notably Paul Burkett, John Bellamy Foster, Fred Magdoff) would begin to formulate the living image of an “ecological Marx.” The most recent, perhaps most ambitious, of these projects is Kohei Saito’s Karl Marx’s Ecosocialism, an effort to reconstruct Marx’s thought from the vantage point of the current ecological crisis. Was the great Marx, who died in 1883, indeed something of an ecological radical – a theorist for whom, as Saito argues, natural relations were fundamental to understanding capitalist development? Saito’s aim was to arrive at a new reading of Marx’s writings based on previously unpublished “scientific notebooks” written toward the end of Marx’s life. -
The Challenge of Rudolf Bahro in Eastern Europe
BAHRO 17 THE CHALLENGE OF RUDOLF BAHRO IN EASTERN EUROPE Rudolf Bahro The Alternative in Eastern Europe T H E ALTERNATIVE IN communist parties and socialists in western EASTERN EUROPE by RUDOLF Europe and elsewhere. He differs from many BAHRO. New Left Books, London, 1978. others who have been imprisoned in that he remains very much a marxist and a Reviewed by DENIS FRENEY. communist, whose vision of socialism comes directly from Marx. Rudolf Bahro was released from prison in Bahro's book is immensely valuable, not the German Democratic Republic in October only for those who are concerned about the 1979, under an amnesty proclaimed on the future of socialism in Eastern Europe, the thirtieth anniversary of the founding of the Soviet Union and China, but also for those GDR. He had been arrested in August 1977, concerned more generally about the and in July 1978 was sentenced to eight transition to socialism — and communism — years’ jail for “espionage”. The act of in advanced capitalist nations and more “espionage” was the smuggling of the generally for all of humanity. Bahro's manuscript of this book to West Germany analysis intersects with this concern on such where it was published. questions as the environment, consumerism, Bahro, then, was a political prisoner. His wornetvs liberation, the division between imprisonment aroused many protests among intellectual and "manual” labor, and so on, 18 AUSTRALIAN LEFT REVIEW No. 72 with issues that have come to the fore for Soviet State has fulfilled the most important communists in countries like Australia. double function of achieving labor discipline and combatting the egalitarian tendencies of the masses. -
The Fall of the GDR Germany's Road to Unity
Published on Reviews in History (https://reviews.history.ac.uk) The Fall of the GDR Germany’s Road to Unity Review Number: 280 Publish date: Sunday, 30 June, 2002 Author: David Childs ISBN: 9780582315686 Date of Publication: 2001 Price: £14.99 Pages: 205pp. Publisher: Longman Publisher url: http://www.pearsonhighered.com Place of Publication: N/A Reviewer: Jan Palmowski In The Fall of the GDR, David Childs discusses the collapse of the GDR up to unification. He begins by discussing the leadership structure of the GDR, and notes in particular the relative longevity and the geriatric age structure of the Politbureau in the 1980s. This is complemented by a discussion of the administrative structure of the state, its mass organizations, and the potential for opposition in the mid-1980s. If the first chapter has set the scene for the impending collapse of the GDR, the second chapter presents an overview over the history of the GDR. The author emphasizes in particular the structural deficits that burdened the state. These deficits were compounded by the economic policies of the communist regime. As a result, the GDR was forced, in 1983 and 1984, to accept massive loans to keep the whole state afloat. This section then lists other elements in the state’s ‘Flawed Development’: its inadequate housing stock, and the lack of a separate GDR identity and the failure to develop one in the face of the glamorous and evidently more consumerist Federal Republic. These factors can be taken as reasons why, according to studies conducted by the Central Institute for Research on Youth, by May 1988 only 28 per cent of young people asked identified themselves as proud citizens of the GDR. -
Separation After Unification? the Crisis of National Identity in Eastern Germany
Separation After Unification? The Crisis of National Identity in Eastern Germany Andreas Staab Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy London School of Economics and Political Science University of London December 1996 i UMI Number: U615798 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615798 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I S F 7379 OF POLITICAL AND S&uutZ Acknowledgements I would like to express my thanks to George Schopflin for having taken the time and patience to supervise my work. His professional advice have been of immense assistance. I have also greatly benefited from the support and knowledge of Brendan O’Leary, Jens Bastian, Nelson Gonzalez, Abigail Innes, Adam Steinhouse and Richard Heffeman. I am also grateful to Dieter Roth for granting me access to the data of the ‘Forschungsgruppe Wahlen ’. Heidi Dorn at the ‘Zentralarchiv fur Empirische Sozialforschung ’in Cologne deserves special thanks for her ready co-operation and cracking sense of humour. I have also been very fortunate to have received advice from Colm O’Muircheartaigh from the LSE’s Methodology Institute. -
GDR Literature in the International Book Market: from Confrontation to Assimilation
GDR Bulletin Volume 16 Issue 2 Fall Article 4 1990 GDR Literature in the International Book Market: From Confrontation to Assimilation Mark W. Rectanus Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/gdr This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Rectanus, Mark W. (1990) "GDR Literature in the International Book Market: From Confrontation to Assimilation," GDR Bulletin: Vol. 16: Iss. 2. https://doi.org/10.4148/gdrb.v16i2.961 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in GDR Bulletin by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact cads@k- state.edu. Rectanus: GDR Literature in the International Book Market: From Confrontati 2 'Gisela Helwig, ed. Die DDR-Gesellschaft im Spiegel ihrer Literatur Günter Grass, Christoph Meckel and Hans Werner Richter). (Köln: Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, 1986); Irma Hanke, Alltag und However, the socio-critical profile of the "Quarthefte" and his Politik, see note 17 above. commitment to leftist politics soon led to new problems: 22Cf. Wolfgang Emmerich, „Gleichzeitigkeit: Vormoderne, Moderne und Postmoderne in der Literatur der DDR" in: Bestandsaufnahme Das erste Jahr brachte dem Verlag aber auch die ersten Gegenwartsliteratur, 193-211; Bernhard Greiner, „Annäherungen: Schwierigkeiten. Die eine bestand im Boykott der konser• DDR-Literatur als Problem der Literaturwissenschaft" in: Mitteilungen vativen Presse (hauptsächlich wegen der Veröffentlichung des deutschen Germanistenverbandes 30 (1983), 20-36; Anneli Hart• von Stephan Hermlin, dessen Bücher bis dahin von west• mann, „Was heißt heute überhaupt noch DDR-Literatur?" in: Studies in deutschen Verlagen boykottiert worden waren, aber auch GDR Culture and Society 5 (1985), 265-280; Heinrich Mohr, „DDR- wegen der Veröffentlichung von Wolf Biermann).