Index A Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment, cost-effectiveness of, AAAs. See Abdominal aortic coronary artery spasm, 957 2773, 2775 aneurysms MI, 938 Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 21. AADs. See Adjuvant antiarrhythmic non-STEMI, 957 See also Non-ST elevation drugs stable angina, 922 acute myocardial infarction; Abciximab, 946, 950, 954 unstable angina, 954, 957 ST elevation acute myocardial AMI, 1024 ACHEIVETM stent, 1037 infarction adjunctive treatment with, 1023 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aging and, 2446 CAD, unstable, 1010 (AIDS) anterior wall KD, 986 antiviral therapies for, metabolic V4R value and, 65 non-STEMI, 957, 958 complications of, 2378 occlusions and, 62–64 STEMI, 968 treatment for, 2380 bundle branch block in, 1993–1994, transfusion/blood conservation, 2509 cardiac involvement, prevalence of at 1995 unstable angina, 957 autopsy, 2371–2372 treatment of, 1994 Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), cardiomyopathy in, 2376–2377 clinical recognition 1644–1648 alternative explanations for, auscultation, 681–683 background and history, 1771 2378–2379 ECG diagnosis, 683 clinical recognition, 1645, 1646–1647 cytokines as possible cause of, inspection and palpation, 679–681 endovascular procedures for 2378 myocardial scintigraphy, 686–687 treatment of drug-induced, 2379 myocardial stunning and patient selection, 1773–1774 myocardial cell injury and, 2378 hibernation, 683 stent grafts, design characteristics cardiovascular involvement in, serum enzyme and cardiac of, 1771–1773 2371–2381 intracellular substance natural history, 1644 PHT and, 2380–2381 changes in, 683–686 surgical repair, 1645–1648 DCM and, 1241–1242 complications of, echocardiography Abdominal disorders, PTE and, 2188 echocardiography and prevalence of and, 815–819 Ablation. See also specific ablations cardiovascular abnormalities coronary heart disease and, 677–691 AF, 1973–1974 in, 2372–2374 differential diagnosis, 687 SND, 1937 health care workers and, 2381 echocardiographic assessment of, ABT-578, DES, 1034 heart neoplasms and, 2272 813–814 ACAD. See Acyl-coenzyme A Acromegaly extent, echocardiography and, 815 dehydrogenase clinical manifestations, 2296–2297 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor ACC/AHA. See American College of diagnosis, 2297 adjunctive treatment with, Cardiology/American Heart hypertension and, 1845–1846 1022–1034 Association pathophysiology, 2296 infarct extension and, 691 ACC/AHA/ESC. See American College treatment, 2297–2298 infarct size, estimation of, 687–688 of Cardiology/American Heart ACS. See Acute coronary syndrome location, echocardiography and, Association/European Society Actin, cardiac contraction and, 1192 814–815 of Cardiology Actinomyces infection, myocarditis non-anterior wall, 64 Accelerated idioventricular rhythm and, 1329 pathology, 597–600 (AIVR), 69 Actinomycin D, DCM and, 1240 PCI, 1021–1027 Acebutolol, SCD, 2061 Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), angioplasty, facilitated and, 1026 ACE inhibitors. See Angiotensin- 1089–1090 embolic protection and, 1024 converting enzyme inhibitors angiographic findings in, 783–787 no reflow and, 1025 Acetaminophen pathologic angiographic correlates rescue/salvage, 1024, 1026 pregnancy/lactation, 2475 and, 784 without surgical standby, 1026 STEMI, 973 culprit lesions responsible for, treatment, timing of, 1021–1023 Acetylcholine, coronary vasospasm, pathologic features of, 623 physical examination/bedside 789 DES, 1037–1038 findings, 678–679 Acetylcysteine, percutaneous coronary ECG, 60–69 progenitor cell therapy for, 1735 revascularization, 1089 exercise testing after, to risk stratify prognosis, 688–691 N-Acetylcysteine, radiographic contrast in emergency department, 738 echocardiography and, 821–823 material, 761 statins and, 1012–1013 remodeling of LV and, 691 2839 2840 index Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diabetes mellitus, 2307 AIDS. See Acquired immunodeficiency (cont.) HCM, 1275 syndrome reperfusion therapy for, 1021 heart disease, carcinoid, 1305 AIVR. See Accelerated idioventricular SCD underlying disease and, 2046 heart failure, delaying progression of rhythm stent implantation, 1023, 1024 and, 1402–1404 Ajmaline, BS, 2054, 2588 thrombectomy, 1026–1027 hyperthyroidism, 2313 Albuterol, COPD, 2257 ventricular function, evaluation and, LQTS, 2033 Alcohol 688 SCD, 2045 abuse, heart and, 2361–2363 Acute rheumatic fever (ARF), 431 syncope, 2022, 2031 arrhythmias, cardiac related to, 2362 Acyclovir β-Adrenergic receptor-blocking agents atherosclerosis and effects of, amyloidosis, 1295 antiarrhythmic drugs and, 2086 2362–2363 nephrotoxicity, 1428 hypertrophy, cardiac, 1185 cardiac dysfunction and, 2361–2362 Acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase β-Adrenergic receptors cardiomyopathy, 2361 (ACAD), 2399 antagonists, cardiac hypertrophy, DCM and, 1237–1238 Adenosine, 143–144, 149, 2093–2095 1185 treatment, 2362 adverse effects, 2093–2095 hypertension, 1856 circulation and effects of, 2361 antiarrhythmic drugs and, 2086 inhibitors, DCM and, 1241 direct toxic effects, 2361–2362 dobutamine stress myocardial α-Adrenoceptor blockers, autonomic history, 2362 perfusion imaging and, disorders and, 1900 hypertension and, 1835, 1854 842–843 β-Adrenoceptor blockers myocardium and effects of, 2361 pharmacokinetics, 2093 hypotension, postural and, 1903 nutritional/vitamin deficiencies, pharmacology, 2093 sinus rhythm, 1967 2362 SND, 1934 SND, 1934 palpitations and, 24 STEMI, 973 extrinsic and, 1927 toxic additives, 2362 stress echocardiography, 825 Adrenomedullin, cardiovascular Alcohol septal ablation, SVT, 2090 regulation and, 1529 echocardiographic guidance of use, 2093 β2-Adrenoreceptor agonists, HCM with, 1370 Adenosine diphosphate radiographic contrast material, Aldosterone stable angina, 919 761 agonists, delaying progression of STEMI, 968 Adriamycin. See Doxorubicin heart failure and, 1406–1407 Adenosine thallium, silent myocardial ADT. See Adenosine triphosphate antagonists, SCD, 2063 ischemia, 708 Adult bone-marrow-derived stem cells, blockade Adenosine triphosphate (ADT) 2748 diastolic heart failure, 1212 cardiac contractile proteins and, Adult growth hormone deficiency, STEMI, 974 1192 2296 heart failure syncope testing with, 2031 AECG. See Ambulatory ECG cost-effectiveness of, 2781 Adhesion molecules, vulnerable plaque monitoring progression of, delaying and, 1407 detection and, 647–648 AF. See Atrial fibrillation Aldosteronism, primary, 1844–1845, Adipose tissue Aggrenox. See Aspirin-dipyridamole 1848 cardiovascular impact and increased Aging Allograft rejection, transplantation mass of, 2694–2696 arrhythmias, 2447–2448 and, 1421 circulation, 2694–2695 arterial compliance abnormalities Allopurinol Adjuvant antiarrhythmic drugs and, 1819–1820 gout, 1430 (AADs), direct current cardiac effects of, 2175–2477 hypersensitivity angiitis, 2344 cardioversion and, 1965 cardiovascular, 2439–2448 Alprostadil, 2792 Adrenal insufficiency, 2298 β-adrenergic modulation of, Amantadine Adrenal medulla, diseases of, 2442–2443 COPD, 2258 2301–2302 cardiac structure/function at rest SCD, 2045 α-Adrenergic agonists, coarctation of and, 2441 Ambulatory ECG (AECG) monitoring aorta, 1627 changes with, 2439–2443 limitations, 703–704 β-Adrenergic agonists, COPD, clinical medicine and, 2444–2445 silent ischemia, 703–704 2256–2257 exercise and, 2441–2442 exercise stress testing and, 704 β-Adrenergic antagonists key points for, 2439 myocardial perfusion imaging and, aortic dissection, 1641, 1642 vascular structure/function, 704–705 stable angina, 913–915 2439–2441 prognosis, 706–707 β-Adrenergic blockers CHF and, 2448 Amebiasis, PTE and, 2186 arrhythmias, primary cardiac, 2032 hypertension and, 2446–2447 American College of Cardiology/ cardiovascular performance, aging ischemic heart disease, 2445–2446 American Heart Association and, 2442–2443 AMI and, 2446 (ACC/AHA) cocaine-induced cardiovascular SCD risk factors and, 2042 arrhythmias, genetic basis for complication, 2360 AHA. See American Heart Association cardiac guidelines, 2592 index 2841 classifications, 742 SCD, 2058, 2063–2064, 2065, Anemia, 2409–2412 heart failure, advanced guidelines by, 2070–2071 heart failure and, 1386, 1411 1461 sinus rhythm, 1967–1968 hemolytic, 2411–2412 non-STEMI management guidelines, SVT, 2090 sickle cell, 2410 1013–1015 therapy, managing, 2090 thalassemia, 2410 pacing guidelines, 2134–2135 use, 2095 treatment TIA management guidelines, 1918 Amiodarone v. Implantable heart function and, 2828–2829 unstable angina management Cardioverter Defibrillator kidney function and, 2828–2829 guidelines, 1013–1015 (AMIOVIRT), 2069–2070 Anesthesia American College of Cardiology/ AMIOVERT. See Amiodarone v. agents, 2503–2505 American Heart Association/ Implantable Cardioverter airway devices, 2503 European Society of Defibrillator aortic insufficiency surgery, 2508 Cardiology (ACC/AHA/ESC), Amitriptyline, extrinsic SND and, beating heart surgery, 2509 2592 1927 CAD patient American Heart Association (AHA), Amlodipine noncardiac surgery and, 2495 1918. See also American antiarrhythmic effects of, 2100 surgery and, 2508 College of Cardiology/ DCM, 1251 cardiopulmonary bypass, 2510 American Heart Association heart failure, delaying progression of cardiovascular operation, 2501–2511 American trypanosomiasis, and, 1405–1406 changes during, and positive myocarditis and, 1330–1331 myocarditis, viral, 1320 pressure ventilation, AMI. See Acute myocardial silent myocardial ischemia, 707 2516–2517 infarction Amoxicillin, COPD, 2258 critical care unit transfer and, Amiloride, hypertension, 1856 Amphetamines 2511 Amino acids as cardiac metabolism abuse, 2363 history