NO. 9, JAN. 1963 STERKIANA 1
STRATIGRAPHIC SUMMARY OF QUATERNARY BONNEVILLE BASIN MOLLUSCA
ERNEST 1. ROSCOE Chicago Natural History Mu~eum
ABSTRACT
This is the first stratigraphic summar.y of the Bonneville Basin Quater:-rary molluscan fauna ~~inc"' 1884. The development of Quaternary stratigraphy in the Ba:;in :i.s briefly reviewed, and work in progress is noted. Stratigraphic and :;ystematic catalogs are presented. Related deposits in the Snake River drainage are briefly mentioned. No attempt is made to include a discussion of problems re- .lating to relative or absolute chronology or of correlation with either montane. or continental glaci· ation. The references cited compri;;e a selected bibliography on Ba:.in Quaternary :·esearch.
CONTENTS
Abstract ...... 1 Bonneville Formation .. . (I Introduction .... . 2 Provo Forrn:ltion ...... 9 Acknowledgments , 2 Post .. Bonneville (Post .. Provo) Deposits 11) Development of Quaternary stratigraphy . . Stra tigraphi.c Units of Uncertain. in the Bonneville Basin 2 Posinon .. 11 Gilbertian Period 2 Little Valley, Promontory Post-Gilbertian Period ...... 3 Mountains .... . 11 Modern Bonneville Basin Stratigraphy . 4 San Pete Valley ...... l2 Stratigraphic Catalog ...... 4 Depo~its outside the Lake Bonnev!Jlf.; Deposits within the Lake Bonneville Area 6 Area: Bear Lake Deposlts 12 Pre-Bonneville Deposits . . 6 Related Depomt~ in the Snake LaRe Bonneville Deposits 6 River drainage . 13 Gilbertian Units 6 American Falls Are·a 13 Yellow Clay 6 · Cleveland Area 13 White Marl and Equivalents 6 Bonneville Beds . . . . . 8 Sy:otematic Catalog ...... 14 Bonneville Terrace 8 Modern Stratigraphic Units . . 8 References ...... 18 Green Clay Series 8 Alpine Formation . . . . 9 2 STERKIANA NO. 9, JAN. 1963
INTRODIJCTlON with the problem of the Bonneville Basin Qo.a · ternary. My chief capacity ha~ been that of The drainage of the Bonneville Ba~i.n cover.~; · bra1n- picker. Without exception, all thoo;e to an area of about 55,000 squ.!lre m:les. Four· whom ! have rurned for assistance of one sort or fifths of this area is located in Utah, wlth sl.ight· another have wholeh:>.anedly responded. IP. al I y more than 10, 0 0 0 square mile~ in the con ti gu ·· phabetical ord:.:,r these per:;ons include: E. An ous states of Nevada, ldahc, and Wyoming. The tev··, R. C Bnght( lJ. Mirinesota), A. ! Eard Basin is approximately delimited by the geogra · ley (LT. Utah), I. H. Feth (USGS}; H. D. Goode phical coordinates of 110" - 115" WP.:;t Longitude (USGS); C. B. Hunt.(USGS); D. J. !ones (U. and 37t- 43• North Latitude. Phy~iographically Utah); R. E. MarsP-11 ( U. Utah); R.. Morrison most of the area falls with1.n the Great Basin Div (USGS); W. L. Stoker; (II. Utah); D. W. Taylor ision of the Basin and Range Province, with rela (USGS); and J. S. Williams (Utah State LT.). tively small but important pcn]ons along the Two of my colleagues at the Museum, .To eastern margin belonging to the Rocky Mountain anne L. F.ven;on and E. S. Rkhard.son, }r., and Colorado Plateaus Province (Fenneman, have given the manuscript the bt>nP.flt of their 1931). criuctsm, Ie$ulting in substannal1mprovement The study of the Quaternary history of the in both organization and content. For remain· Bonneville Basin may be divided into two peri·· ing error~ of facr and i.ne ptitude of expression I ods. Beginning in 1849 with the ~ecogn:tion of alone mus~ be held respons1ble. To my w1fe, the exi$tence of an ancient Jake in the Basin by Lottie, I. owe much for assietanc~ with >everal Howard Stansbury, the first period reached its revisions and the typing of the final draft of the zenith with the publicati.on of G. K. Gilbert's manuscript. monograph on Lake Bonneville in 1890. For over fifty years "Lake Bonneville" was the unchallenged classic and basic refP-rence work. DEVELOPMENT OF QCATERNARY STRATIGRA The second period, beginning about 1945 when PHY IN THE BONNEVILLE BASIN Ernst Antevs made the first significant modi fica tion of the Gilbertian explanation of Lake Bon·· GilbP.rnan Per;_od neville history, owes its chief stimulus to the critical post-World War II need for information The chi.d deterrent to the study of the Qua on the underground water resources of the Basin. ternary of the B.a:;ir. has been the lack of exten About 80 percent of the papers deallng with the sive natural surface exposures. Ir,vestigations Basin Quaternary have been publi~hed during at a few favorable localities led Gilbert ( 1874, this period. 1890) to propo:;e a sequence of deposits which Gilbert was the first to recognize the value of he interpreted as indicating two lacuctrine peri studies of the Basin molluscan fauna in decipher ods. Gilbe.rt's stratigraphy, which was followed ing Quaternary climatic change5. At his instiga by almost every writer up to 1953, IS summar· tion R. E. Call was appointed tc investigate and ized in Table 1. Also indicated are correlations report on the Quaternary mollusks of the entire with strand li.nes, lake history. and time units as Great Basin. The present paper is the first to used dur\ng this per·iod. summarize the stratigraphic di~tribution of the Gilbert took pains to point out that his scheme Bonneville Basin fauna in light of the work ac was probably an over-simplification. He fully complished since Call's report of 1884. realized that both Lake Bonneville and the un named pre-Bonneville lake together did not re ACKNOWLEDGMENTS present the whole of the Quaternary history of the Basin. In a very real sense whatever merit this paper may have is due to all those who have labored ·.....
NO. 9, JAN. 1963 STERKIA NA 3
Table 1. Sumrnary of Gilbertian Stratig:aphy
Stratigraphy Strand Line Lake Tirhe Unit
·Post-Bonneville Post-Bonneville no lake -.. -- deposits (Post- Provo) none given Stansbury Stansbury stage -- i Provo i White Marl Bonneville Bonneville Bonneville I
unnamed gravel no la\ ' IY -not named none· other lakes ? Post -Gilbertian''Period ·· Afl extensive test of i:he value ofdrillers' logs was made by Feth in 1953. Study of a peg mod To overcome the lack fo surface exposures el of about 300 logs from the Ogden Valley· area attention was directed to well logs in an effort revealed that " ... it was impossible to correlate to get a detailed history of Lake Bonneville as individual beds across significant distances in. an a complete Quaternary history of the Basin. east to west direction underground, except in a Over the years a considerable number of drill few places. It is possible, however, to rhake ings were made in the Basin, primarily for wa reasonable correlations of strata, or at least of ter, but some for gas and oil. unfortunately, zones, in directions approximately parallel to. these proved to be of slight assistance in the the mountain front ... " study of the Quaternary. Drilling tended to be More recently attention has been turned to concentrated in the extreme e~steril margin of cores to supply the missing chapters in the Basin the Basin near the mountain front. Here near Quaternary" story. In 1\}51 and 1952 a series of shore deposits reach their maximum thickness; relatively shallow cores were obtained from be-· but are discontinuous, representing only the neath Great Salt Lake, none of which penetrated higher lake levels. The deepest log known. beyond the Stansbury (post- Provo) stage sedi" · that of the'Guffey and Galey well near Farm ments (Schreiber, 1958, 1961). ington, Davis Co. , Utah, penetrated about The results of a study' of the first deep core 2000 feet of Quaternary sediments without \'flade in the Basin appeared in 1960. Eardley reaching bedrock (Boutwell, 1904). Also, and Gvosdetsky believe that a 650 foot core drillers' terminology and the drilling technique from nefir the soutlteast margin of Great Si!lt itself are apt to be ·unsuitable for stratigraphic Lake penetrated sediments corresponding to the work. second interglacial (Aftonian) stage. Although 4 STERKIA NA NO. 9, JAN. 1963 it was not possible to correlate any portion of the Despite the considerable progress made in the "Saltair" core with either Gilberti an or later stra study of the Bonneville Basin Quaternary in the tigraphic units, it has clearly demonstrated the past decade, much remains to be accompli.shed. complex Quaternary history of the Basin. A ten Many new techniques and disciplines, such as tative correlation with deep-sea core chronology G-14 dating, fossil pollen analyses, paleosols, of Emiliani (1958) was offered. It is hoped that have not .yet been, or are only beginning to be, subsequent cores (a second is now under study) applied to the problem. There are many prob will resolve many of the correlation problems. lems relating to absolute and relative dating of events; of correlation of lake sediments to the 'abandoned strand lines; of correlation to the mon-. Modern Bonneville Basin Stratigraphy tane glacial stages thought to be concurrent with the pluvial phenomena; of correlation to the Present Basin Quaternary stratigraphy is based standard Pleistocene section as developed in the on exposures due to the operation of sand and eastern part of the continent. The next decade gravel pits, reclamation, and other construction may well see equalled or exceeded all that has projects. Much more information has thus been gone before. available than prior workers had at their disposal. Should an attempt be made at this time to Study of such exposures in northern Utah Val summarize the Basin Quaternary molluscan fau ley in the late 40's and early SO's as part of a na? Somewhere H. E. Gregory has written that continuing program of investigations by the U. S. "Geology has to·choose between the rashness of Geological Survey resulted in the establishment using imperfect evidence or the sterility of un (Hunt, Varnes, and Thomas, 1953) of a strati correlated, unexplained facts. " It is a choice graphic sequence which has been generally adop and a challenge 1 could not resist. If the scaf ted for other areas by most subsequent workers. fold erected here proves of some use in the con This Utah Valley sequence is summarized in struction of the permanent edifice. 1 will feel Table 2. An additional pre-Alpine unit, the amply rewarded for the labor. Green Clay Series, has been proposed by Marsell and Jones (1955) as a result of studies in Jordan .·.STRATIGRAPHIC CATALOG (Salt Lake) Valley. Studies in the Promontory · Range at the north end of Great Salt Lake has led This section includes all published reports of to the discovery of what is said in a preliminary mollusks which can be assigned to a specific report (Goode, 1960) to be the most complete stratigraphic unit, whether of .known or uncer• sequence of Lake Bonneville deposits to be tain stratigrafhic position. ·Many of the mollus found. can recordSJack context •, and th.e locality data A concluding report on southern Utah Valley, are S() inexact as to make it impossible to recover as well as reports on several other areas in the this vital information now. For this. reason: some ..., Basin, are in various stages of completion (C.,B. papers cited in my previous report (Roscoe, 1961) Hunt, personal communication, June 7, 1960). are not included in the present one. It >hould be These are referred to in appropriate places in the stressed that the c~llectingofmasses oUnaterial stratigraphic catalog section of the present paper. by persons with no training in stratigraphic It is not known at this time whether any of these reports will lead to further modifications in ma- • A term .borrowed from archaeology. An atti . tigraphic nomenclature. fact is said to have context whenits position, Studies in the two-thirds of the Basin not oc- ~oth horizontally and vertically 0 is known.. A . cupied by the waters of Lake Bonneville have specimen lacking this information is "out of con-: been acant. A notable exception is the work on . text," and.its scientific val~e mateiialiy decreas Bear Lake Valley by Williams, Willard, and Par ed. It is possible for a specimerito have pre<;:ise ker ( 1962), in which the Bear Lake formation is hOrizontal cont~xt, but lack verti¢al context. . The named and described. converse is rarely; if ever, encounteredin paleon tological work NO. 9, JAN. 1963 STERI Table 2. &urimary of Northern Utah Valley Bonneville Stratigraphy. (From Hunt. Varnes, and.Thomas, 1953) NOMENCLATURE SEDIMENTS Mostly uncemented fanglomerate, alluvial Post~Provo gravel or alluvial sand; some eolian(?) Pleistocene? deposits silt and thin lake deposits. Maximum ,- thickness about 50 feet. t------1-....--Un<;:onformity -...j....;_.______....:. ______..-.:'--1 Extensive gravel member •. as much as 50 feet thick, OCCUfS in deltas and embankments; a thinner and less extensive sand member occurs as facies in the Provo formation deltas and forms bars in front of them; a silt mem ber \!Dd a clay member comprise the deep water deposits, but they generally are less than 20 feet thick. Unconformity Pleistocene Gravel and sand, restricted to e.mbankment >t1 Bonneville fm. deposits c 6 Unconformity ~ Mostly silt and clay; some gravel and sand near 01 ..3t Alpine formation canyon mouths. Maximum thickness about 25 · '6 feet . ..J ...,... _____.__....,_Unconformity ·Pre-Lake · ·Bonneville Includes at least O{le m9raine' ofJ:re-Lake Bonneville I depmits age. Includes deposits of several lakes that, in size I (glacial,· · and duration apparently were comparable to Lake I ·lacustrine, Bonneville; these lake depo~ts are. ~eparated by and 0 uviaJ). · fanglomerate and other fluviatile deposits .. Total thickness 680 feet.or more . .:· ...,__...... ___-t'--- · Unconformity . Watel'-laid. pyroclastics, Pliocene? ·Salt Lake formation .· fanglomerate. , . · ., 6 STERKIANA NO. 9, JAN .. 1963 techniques (and this includes the majority of bi ologists) will be of little aid. Where deposits are found, competent geological assistance should be sought. It has been. my experience that such assistance 1a readily gillen. The organization of this section of the paper has proved .to be a difficult problem. Because of lack of exact correlation of Gilbertian units with modem stratigraphic terminology, a straightforward bottom -to-top presentation is un feasible at present. Reference to the table of contents will show the relationship of any parti cular unit to the over-all organization of this Lake Bonneville Deposits section of ~e paper. . At the present time it seems prudent to pre- · · Deposits \'111 thin the Lake Bon sent first, and separately, a discussion of Gil neville Area bertian stratigrajilic units. Assignment of these units to their proper place in the modern Bonne- The following section includes a discussion of ville sequence is still under'investigation by ge~ all deposits from ~ithin the one-third of the Ba- ologists (Varnes and van Horn, 1961). Aside sin covered by the waters of Lake Bonneville, -·· from this segment, the presentation proceeds whether laid down in that body of water or not. . from the base of the stratigraphic column to the' The section. is thus divided into (1) pre-Lake Boo- top. All units are noted, although mollusks are neville deposits, (2) Lake Bonneville deposits · . not known to occur in some of them and specific proper, and (3) post-Lake Bonneville (post-Provo) determinations are lacking for others. Several deposits. . impending reports, mentioned in appropriate places, promise to fill in some of the gaj:ls .. ·· Pre-Lake Bonneville Deposits Gilbertian Units: ·. The term •pre-Lake Bonneville" is here used . Yellow Clay. No mollusks have been speci~ in its modern, not Gilbertian, sense. The only ficaUy reported from Gilberi's Yellow Clay. . record definitely known from this time period Varnes and van Horn ( 1961) assign a pation of has been obtained from a 650 foot coring made the Yellow Clay to the Alpine of the Utah Val- · near the edge of Great Salt Lake and reported ley sequence. The Alpine is knawn to be fossil.:. upon by EJrdley and Gvoadeuky ( 1960). ~- · iferous(Feth, unpublishedMS; Goode, 1961), though not penettating to the base of the Qua but no identified material has yet been repOrted . ternary, this core baa revealed the existence, . from the formation. Varnes and van Horn ( 1961:. · since the second (Kansan) glacial epoch, of sev 99) state .that the Alpine or Yellow Clay com .) eral large open Wllter stages of lakes of a size prises more than tbtee~fourths of the Lake Bonne comparable to that of the Provo stage of Lake ville sediments. Bonnevllle. White Marl and Equivalent::. The Upper Bon Unfortunately, it was found impossible to neville ~ds of Call ( 1884) arid .the Bonneville correlate any portion of the Saltair core with Marl of Berry and Crawford ( 1932) are here taken either the various strand lines named and de . as equivalent to Gilbert's White MarL Varnes scribed by Gilbert, or with the sttatigraphy de and van Horn ( 1961) indicate that the White · veloped for Utah and Jordan valleys (discussed ·.. Marl is partly to be a5signed to the Alpine for in a subsequent section). A summary of the mation, partly to the Bonneville-Provo forma~ mollusks reported from the Saltair core, tO- tion. No faunal comparisons are possible at '~· :;. ~·. ~ ·. '·-;'··:. .• •• '·': . ; ~ .= : ..:_ .- NO .. 9, JAN. 1963 STERKIA NJ. 7 Table 3. Mollusks reported from the Saltair Gore.(Data from Eardley and Gv~sdetsky, 1960) 1 2 MOLLUSK STAGE 3 Kansan Yarmouth Illinoian Sangamon Wisconsinan ( Wiirm 1)(Laufen) · (5) Anodonta sp. ](" (7) Pisidium sp. X X ( 10) ~phaerium striatinum r ( 11) Sphaerium sp. X X ( 17) Physa sp. X X (20) Stagnicola caperata X X X (22) Stagnicola cockerelli r (23) Fossaria dalli' r (20) Stagliicola palustris X X ( 34). Stagnicola sp .. · .: X X X X (3S) Armiger crisui · r (30) Gyraulus circumsuiatus X X X X ( 40) Gyraulus parvus X X X x X ( 42) Gyraulus sp. · X X X X X ( 45) Helisonia sp. X X X X ( 47) Piomenetus exacuous r ( 48) Prome'netus umbilicate!! us r ( 49) Ferrissia sp. X' (55) Amnicola sp. X X ( 6~) Valvata humt(rlllis X X X X X ( 64).Valvata utahensis X X X (79~ · Succinea sp; X Total 10 11 3 7· 12 7 Peculfar (asterisk) 3 0 1 3 2 0 1. The nomenclature is that of Eardley and Gvosdetsky. ·Numbers in parentheses follow my previous list ( 1961). 2. No mollusks were reported from either the Aftonian or Wiirm 11. 3. I retain the terminology of Eardley and Gvosdetsky in parentheses. present. The Bonneville formation,· so far as cies have been reported from the Wltite Marl or known, is an unfassiliferous near-shore deposit, its equivalents. Numbers in parentheses are those while no specific identifications have been re used in my·1961 checklist. ported from the Alpine.. About one-chi,d of the mollusks known from the Wltite Mad are also (9) Sphaerium pilsbryanum Sterid .. Berry and known from the Provo formatioq. These .are in Crawford ( 1932). dicated by' an asterisk. The following 16 spe- •(13) Physa amp~llacea (Gould. Berry ~- ! 8 STERKIA NA NO. 9, JAN. 1963 and Crawford ( 1932). . (31) Lymnaea stagnalis appressa Say. (14) Physa gyrina Say. Call(1884). · Hannibal ( 19 i2). (19) Lymnaea bonnevillensis (Call). •(32)Lymnaea sumassi Baird. Call(1884). Call ( 1884); Hassler and Crawford ( 1938); (50) Am.nicola cincinnatiensis (Anthony). Gil- Ives ( 1946). bert ( 187 5); Hannibal ( 1912). · (57) Fluminicola fusca (Haldeman). Hannibal . (26) Lymnaea kingii (Meek). Berry and •. Crawford ( 1932). ( 19.12). (29) Lymnaea palustris (Muller). Call "(59) Ppmatiopsis lustrica Say. Gilbert ( 1884); Berry and Crawford ( 1932). ( 187 5). (31) Lymnaea stagnalis appressa (Say). "(78) Succinea lineata Binne'y. Gilbert Baker ( 1911). (1875). •(33) Lymnaea utahensis (Call). Berry and .Cr.awford ( 1932) ... Bonneville Terrace .. 'Although not a strati ( 41) G y r au 1 us v e r m i c u 1 a ri s. (Gould). graphic unit, it should be noted that two genera, Berry and Crawford ( 1932). Lymnaea and Planorbis (=Helisoma), ( 44) H e 1 i so m a tr i v o 1 vi s (Say). Call w~re reported by Crawford and Chroney( 1944) ( 18S4); Berry and Crawford ( 1932). . from 'travertine deposits of the "uppermost"(Bon-. · (50) Amnicola cincinnatiensis (An neville) terrae~. So far as known, Lake Bonne thony). Call (1884); Hasler and Crawford ville reached thislevel only once in its history;_. ( 1938). hence this travertine is presumably referable to (53) Amnicola longinqua Gould. Ives the Bonneville formation.· .If this assumption is ( 1946, 1951). correct, these _two generic ~ecords represent the (54)Amnicola porata (Say). Call(1884). only known mollusks recorded from the Bonne "(57) Fluminicola fusca (Haldeman). ville formation. Call (1884); Berry and Crawford (1932). (63) Valvata humeralis californica Modern Stratigraphic Units. Pilsbry. Berry and Crawford ( 1932). Modern stratigraphic tern1inology of the Bon" "( 64) V a 1 vat a utah ens is (Call). Berry neville deposits began with investigati-ons ~y the· and Crawford ( 1932). U. S. Geological Survey on the Quaternary Sys.:. tern of the Basin, at first in Utah Valley and later Bonneville Beds. This designation has been studies on other areas (see map in Hunt e t a L , · used by several authors, preswnabl y for cases in 1953: 3). In the foilowing discussion t have at- which it was not known whether the material . .· tempt~d to summarize ,the progress of this ~ork . came from the Yellow Clay (Lower Bonneville . Such molluscan finds as have been reported are Beds) or White Marl (Upper Bonneville Beds) .. noted, as well as an indication ofthose areas ex Comparisons with the Utah valley sequenc~ are pected to yield. important information in the near of slight value at present, since the faunas of all future. The SUrvey has greatly. simplified the .. . units are not known. Four species (indicated by task of keeping abreast of irs progress by the in- · ' an ~sterisk) are not known from any of the Utah auguration in 1960 of annual summaries of.re valley formations,· although this absence may .be _search work (see Prof. Papers 400-a, ·b,l960; · nomenclatural rather than biological. . The term 424 a-d, 1961). · ·· · "Bonneville Beds" may be taken as equivalent, . . . . . in whole or part, to the Bonneville Group of mod . Green Clay Se~i~~ .··Established as thebasal ern terminology. Pleistocene formation in the lower Jordan (Salt Lake) Vali~y by Jones and Marsell (1955), ··sur (19) Lymnaea bonnevillensis (Gall). face exposures of this formation are .. rare. Two Call ( 1886); Baker ( 1911). facies ate recognized, a near-shore conglomer- · "(24) Lymnaea desidiosa Say~ (Gilbert, ate and an off-:shore claystone and siltstone. The 1875). stratigraphy of Jordan Valley.and its Pleistocene NO. 9, JAN. 1963 STERKIA NA 9 history afe discussed in two joint pape11 by Jones discontinuous beach deposit of the highest (Bon and Marsell in 1955. The Utah Geological and. neville) lake stage of Gilbert. The formation Mineralogical Survey has in preparation a vol has n~t been recognized in Jordan Valley (Jones ume dealing with this area in its Geological At l!nd Marnell, 1953). Goode (1961) reports the Jas series. To date only the geological map i~ formation a:; spar:;e in the East Tintic area. available. Varnes and van· Horn ( 196l) corr.elate a porti'on of Gilbert's White Marl with the ~onn'eville M o 11 usc an faun a. Mollu::can records formation. ref~rable to definite stratigraphic units from Jor· dan Valley are surprisingly few, None have . t.1olluscan faun.a. ltis impossible at ·been reported from the Green Clay sel'ie::. Os· present r.o :;ay which of the records from the tra~9(ies have been found in the off-shore facies. White Marl properly bdong to the Bonneville Formation. The genera Lymnaea and P 1 a • Alpine Formation. Originally described from norb:s (=Helisoma) were reported by . near-shore deposits at Alpine, Utah County, in Crawford and Chroney ( 1944) from travertine Utah Valley, by Hunt ~ t ~ 1. ( 1953), this forma depooHs of the "uppermost" Wonnevill~ terrace, tion has subsequently been found in Jordlln Val presumably equivalent to this formation. ,ley by Jones and Marsell (1955) where it un~on~ formably overlies the Green Clay series. It has Provo Formation. Described by Hunt, Var been recognized in Ogden Valley by J. H. Feth nes, and Thomas ( 1953), the Provo i& the most of the U. S. Geological SUrvey, whose repo:t is extensive formation known from the Basin. It undergoing editorial revision at this writing (H. is divided into fouf members distinguished by D. Goode, personal communication, January, prevailing lithologies. In both Utah' and Jordan 1962). and in .the East Tintic area, where it is valleys (Bissell, 1952; Jones and Marsell, 1955) reported to ·contain abundant rema.i.ru; of unspe the dual nature of the Provo shore deposits has cified gastropods and ostracode~ (Goode, 1961). been :ecognized. Many exposures show two near T)le Alpine is definitely associated with Gilbert's ly identical deposits asso.ciated with thetwo Pro Intermediate Terrace {5050 ft. elev.), which was vo shore lines (4800 and 47.00 ft. elev.), .with a formec;l by Gilbert's "pre-Bonneville" high water well··develo ped soil p~ofile betwe.en. Goode stage. Varnes and van Horn ( 1961) correlate ( 1961) reports de posits in the East Tintic area the whole of Gilbert's Yellow Clay and a port\on tentatively rderred to this formation. The se of his White Marl w:ith the Alpine. On the bacis quence !n Utah Valley, as outlined by Hunt, of prevailirtg texture the formation is divided in Varr.es, ancl Thomas (1953) is as follows: to three membe.rs bearing lithologic names, al thoygh none are homogeneou$ units. . Gravel member. Occurs principally as delta deposits. Gastropods are plentiful in Molluscan. fauna. No fossils were re this member 2.t Point QfMoLintl!-in(near U covered from the Alpine in Utah V!illey (Hunt tah~Salt Lake County line), while elsewhere e t .al., 1953), but the formaqon is known to few shells have been observed. be fossiliferous in Ogden Valle,y (J. H. Feth, Sand member. Gastropods are abundant personal communication, 1955) and the Tintic in· this member :where it grades into the finer area(.Goode, 1961). It i3 anticipated that Feth's grain~d lake bottom sediments. forthcoming report will include the first identi .. Silt member. Gastropods ·and ostracodes fications from the formation. a.re abundant .in this m~mber in .front of del tas, where in places they form almost a co- Bonneville Formation .. Described by t:lunt, quina. . . Varnes, and Thomas ( ~955) from Utah Valley, Clay member. RepresentS depo~ts of the this formatl,on is represented on,ly by a thin, interior of the lake. Ostracodes seem to be r------ 10 STERKIA NA NO. 9, JAN. i963 · Table 4~ Summary of Provo Formation Molluscan. Fauna. (Data from Hunt, Varnes, and Thomas, 1953). Gravel· sand Silt ·Clay Unidentified · Unidentified gastropods gastropods · (7) Pisidium sp. ( 13) Physa ampullacea ( 16) Physa Iordi (33) Lymnaea utahensis (37) Carinifex newberryi (37). Carinifex newberryi ( 46) Pompholopsis whitei (53) Amnicola longinqua (55) Amnicola sp. (57) Fluminicola fusca (57) Fluminicoia fusca . ( 64) Valvata utahensis ( 64) Valvata utahensis ( 64) Valvata utahensis (68) Oreohelix strigosa depre~a ~77) Succinea avara more abundant and gastropods fewer in the clay term "post-Provo" has come into wide usage in than in the silt member. ·Commonly there is a the same sense as Gilbert's "post" Bonneville." concentration of shells ·about a· foot above the A complication arises from the fact that it has base of the clay. Yen (in Hunt e t a 1. , · 1953) . been demonstrated that the Provo shore line was believes that the environmental conditions were reoccupied a second time.. · The term "post~Pro- · much the same as they are now in Utah Lake, vo" is here taken to mean post-Provo ll.. . suggesting a habitat of rich aquatic shore vege A 3atisfactorypost·Pr~vo·sttatigraphic nc:>men tation, possibly a somewhat marshy area. clature is yet to be devised. In aU probability ·. the period of time represented falls into the De M o 11 usc an .faun a. All of the published. glacial and Neothermal of Antevs ( 1948). Jves · records specifically referable to the Provo for-. ( 1951) ha~ proposed several lake stages in this mation are contained in the paper by Hunt, Var interval without corresponding stratigraphic ter nes, and Thomas ( 1953). Table 4 summarizes minology~ Generally, three.broad categories of this fauna. sediments are recognized (Hurit e t ·.a 1. ,..1953; ·Jones and Marsell, 1955): ·· ( 1) Alluvial .deposits;.· Post-Bonneville (Post-Provo) Deposits (2) Eolian ? silt, and (3) lake deposits·.. . · During the summers of 1951 and 1952 six cor Which of these two terms is the correct one ing stations were occupied by the University of hinges upon a sharper delineation of the term Utah investigators in the southern part of Great "Lake Bonneville." It is clear that both Gilbert Salt Lake, From these stationS a total oflll · ( 1890) and Call ( 1884) considered the Stansbury feet of relativeiy undisturbed sediments ~ere re and all later stages as post-Bonneville, thus de-· covered. The deepett core penetrated43 f~ei:5 limiting Lake Bonneville at the Provo stage. inches beneath the bottom of Great Salt Lake. Some later writers have used the term "Lake .The stratigraphy of these core$ was reporied ·by, Bonneville" to apply to all but the historical · Schreiber( 1958, published abStract, 1961}: as a fluctuations of the lake. In recent years the series of "lithic types;' summarized in Tabl~ 5. NO. 9, JAN. 1963 ST ERKIA NA 11 Table 5. Summ&ry of Co:es from beneath Great Salt Lake (!hta from Schreiber, 1961) t-----r------,--'------·-- Lithic Typ~ Envhonmemal Ch:~.ac r.eii5HC~ FaWla t--...,-----t-..,....,.--r--'-·------·------,- ---.. -·----.. ------Typical of a very si:i.line eo" ironment such as Abundant fecal. pellets, brine l the pre.rent G:-e<:tt ~-lt Lake. High carbonate shrimp egg capsules. content. t------t----,...------· · Typical of deepe:· Cl)tt' !!"lr lll :.. · -f-..,--0-b-se-,--v-ed~;t··;~r~~~--~(~~;;·4 only. ··. R.. ~vel Believed deposited i•1 a lew 1 lake None. stage of 2 to 3 pet Ct:.r\t .~Otlin!. ty. I -"'---'-----''----,..------.--·-·---- · Schreibef believes that th" :.;:>.dl~aeot' i!f Ty p~ Strai:ig:;;.phi.c Units of Uncertain Position 11 were deposited during the .S·w.mbny sta~e. ;;nd h·e reports C-14 dating of this t•ag~: ::~ frc,m 23, ono Little Valley, Pro~T~ontqry Mountains. Exca to 13,500 years B. P. H<::. ab; b'ol.:P.\'L :.!1:.: Type vari.on~ !.11 Little Valley at the south end of the Ill sediments were probably d~·P'\;::.••,d .~·LJ:::•g the Prr.rr..onro;y R.aoge, Box Elder County, to provide pre-Stansbury inter pluvial ""hich w.~·; r. iow Ji,ke fill fm a r.al.l.coad causeway across Great Salt stage possibly near the Gilbert !P.vtl. All .A Lake rev~.aled what is believe~ to be the most Schrei~er's material, therefo:t·., tw!qrg,: tc ihe complete expom San. Pete Valley. The stratigraphy and con· Deposits Outside the Lake Bonne tained molluscan faunas from the Gunnison Res·· ville Area: Bear Lake Deposits ervoir deposit, Sanpete County (1. 75 miles wesr of Sterling) is discussed by Roy ( 1962), The age Only one other Pleistocene. lake is known in of these deposiu is not known, and at present the two-thirds of the Basin lying ouuide of the cannot be correlated with the Utah Valley s~- . area covered by the maximum state of Lake quence. Roy assumes the deposit to be of Wis· Bonneville. For many years the peculiarly dark consin age, probably of latest Wisconsin. How ened shells of several species of mollusks found ever, he states (p, 12) that "Because of the sim' in great abundance on the beaches of Bear .Lake ilarity of the Gunnison Reservoir assemblage i:o {northeastern Utah and southeastern ld.aho) have that collected at a depth of 271 feet in the Great attracted attention and speculation as to their Salt Lake (Saltair) core, it may be possible to age. A fairly detailed history of this region is consider these two assemblages as of the same now available {Williams, Willard, and Parker, . age." This would contradict his a:1.~ignment of 1962) .. Three high level stages are described these deposiu to the Wisconsin since Eardley ·and named. Evidence is Jiesented to show that and Gvosdetsky ( 1960) correlate this depth with they were produced by physical rather. than cli the Sangamon Interglacial. The mollllsks re- matic causes. A new formation, the Bear Lake, ported from the Gunnison derx:>sits are: · ·is named and described. C-14 dating indicates Pisidium nitidum pauperculum that the mollusks were killed in great numbers Sterki about 8, 000 years B. P. and the authors believe Sphaerium sp. that this time closely corresponds to the period Valvata humeralis ·californica· ofhigh·level stages of the lake. The "great Pilsbry dying" of themolltisk population appears to have G y r au 1 us par v us (Say) taken place at the rapid shrinkage of the lake, Armiger crista (L.) shortly after its greatest expansion. This date Fossaria parva {Lea) would seem to place the stages of Bear Lake dis Physa gyrina Say cussed by Williams and coworkers in .the post Promenetus exacuous (Say) Provo portion of the Bonneville sequence. Shells Stagnicola palustris {Mi.iller) from a depth of 92-95 feet in a test hole in the Ferrissia parallela {Haldeman) Bear Lake sedimeni:s gave a .C-14 date .of 27 ,4oo Helisoma trivolvis {Say).· t 2, 500 years. Further study is necessary before Succinea avara Say . correlation of the Bear Lake history and. deposiu Oxyloma retusa (Lea) can be made with-those of Lake Boi'lneville. ·Bear Vertigo ovata Say Lake is unusual today iri that it represents practi-: ·. D i s c us c ron k h i t e i { Pilsbry) cally an aquatic desert. Retinella binneyana occiden~ . . . talis H. B. Baker . M o 11 us ca ~ f<1 una: Ov~~ the years anum V a 11 on i a a 1 b u 1 a Sterki ber of forms have been recorded from the Bear ... . Lake region as ~fossil~· becau8.e of their peculiar •·. The mollusks qccur at irregular· intervals and bluish coloration. The following is a sumrhary ·in unequal distribution throughout the deposit. of this material. · ' · · · They occur in clay uniu in the lower two-thirds of the deposit and in.a sand unit inthe upper · (2) Anodorita califo.miensis Lea. Hen third. No mollusks were found in any of the . ·. derson 1931b: 1o9~ u:L marl uniu. This material is deposited in the (3) Anodcint.a nutta.llia.na·L~a. Chamber collections of the Geology Department, Ohio lin and Jones 1929::23, 26. State University. · (4) Anodonta oreg~~ensis Lea. chamber·-. ..lin and Jones 1929:. 24-2fL, NO. 9, JAN. 1963 .STERKlA NA 13 (9} SphaeriullJ pilsbryanum Sterid. tected by Gilbert ( 1874; 1890). Excellent photo Ster ki 1909:' 141; Chambei"!.i.n and Jones gxaphs of this area are available in Williams 1929: '32; Henderson 193lb: 109··113. (1958). Ase:ies of studies now under way by the (13) Physa ampullacea Gould. Hende.rson lJ. S. Geo~ogical Survey in southern Idaho has and Daniels 1917: 58: Hender;on 193lb: 109- .'! d~rect bearing on the Boruievflle problem. 113. (29) Lyrpitae~ palustri> (Muller). Hen Amerit;:an Falls Area derson 1931b: 109-113. (30) Lymnaea proxima Lea. Hender~on Eros:.onal and depositional features produced and Daniels 1917: 58. by the Bonneville overflow are discussed in short (33) Lymnaea utahensls (Call). Sterki paper~ by Malde ( 1960) and Trimble and Carr 1909: 142: Henderson 1924: 17 3; Chamberlin ( 1961a); A detailed· report is available in Trim and Jones 1929: 143-144; Henderson 1931a: ble 0\nd Carr {1961b). so·mething of the magni 77-79; 1931b: 109-113. tude reached by this· Bonneville river can be re (36) Carini.fex' atop~s Chamberlin and alized by the fact that boulders up to 8 feet in Jones. Chamberlin and Jones 1929: 156-157; d1ameter We.re found in' a delta deposit near Po~ Henderson 1931a: 77-79. cate.llo, Idaho. According to Trimble and Carr, (37) Carinifex newberryi (Lea). Cham current velocity ofberween 16 and 48 miles per berlin \lOd Jones 1929: 155-156:. Henderson how· is ind:icate~L "These are very broad and 1931a: 77-79; 1931b: 109-113. ;~pproxlmate limits,•" these authors state, "but (40) Gyn1iilus parvus (Say). Henderson when this general order of magnitude is com and DanielS 1917: 50. pared with a median velocity of 3. 54 miles per (41) Gyraulus vermiculo:is Gould. Hen hou; fo: the Mi::~;ssippi River during one of its derson 1931b: 109 ·. 113. greate~:t floods, and with a maximum recorded (44)Helisoma trivolv;.~ (Say). Hende; velocity of·.aboat 16 miles per hour for any na son 19~ lb: 109- 113. tu~:a.l nream, it is evident that' the stream res (47) Promenetus exacuous (Say). Hen· pons).ble for the. Michaud gravel attained abnor derson 19~ 1b: 109-113. mal s.ize a~d velocity, at least temporarily. " (53) Amnicola longinqua Gould. Hen (Trimble and Carr, 1961b). These authors ·also derson 1931b: 109-113. incbde .;,;· li:t of the mollusks recovered from I (57) Flt.iminicola fus·ca (Haldeman). the Ameiican Falls deposits. C-14 dating indi Sterki· 1909: 142; Henderson 193lb: 109- 113. cate~ rl!at tPe Michaud gravel was deposited a ( 63) V alva t a hum e 1 ali s c a 1 i for n i c a bout 30.000 to 40,000. years K P. Pilsbry. Henderson 1931b: 109-113. ( 64) V a I v a ta u t a hen sis Call. Henderson Cleveland Area 19Jlb: 109-113. (73) Discus cronkllitei anthony i Pilsbry. Hen·· Lake beds in rhe Cleveland area (Gentile and derson and Daniels 1917: 58; Henderson 1931b: Mo1md Valleys) of southeastern Idaho were recog 109-113. nized a::.early as 1879 by reale. Some authors (76) Vertigo ovata (Say). Henderson and have thought' that they rej)rese.nt deposits in an Daniels 19l7: 58. arm of Lake Bonneville. (79) Sue cine a sp. Henderson 193lb: 109~113. In a M. s; thesis Bright (1960) interprets these deposas to re.(.'l'e~nt a 'Pleistocene lake, essen Related Deposits in the Snake River Drai.nage tially contemporaneous w!th Lake Bonneville, which wa~ formed as a result of dammipgof ba· During the Pl~istocene tile Bonneville Ba:Jn was sal tic flows and of diversion of the Bear Riv.er in an appendage to the Snake Rlver draina,ge. The to the newly created depression. 'According to point of overflow, Red Rock Pasc, was early de- Bright this lake, qamed Lake 'fhatcher, rose to 14 STERKIANA NO. 9, JAN. 1963 an elevation of 5,484 feet (some 350 feet above ( 5) An od on t a sp. Kansan stage. Saltair core, the maximum level of Lake Bonneville), then sample 140, 433-433 ft. 2. 5 in. Eardley and spilled over into the Bonne.ville system. He be Gvosde tsky 1960: 1336-1338. lieves that this spillover could have accounted. for the rise and overflow of Lake Bonneville Sphaeriidae through Red Rock Pass. Two strand lines and as (6) Pisidium compressum Prime. "FoS sociated deposits are named and described, both sil" at Bear Lake, Idaho and Utah. Hender-. of which contain mollusks. A preliminary faun son 1931b: 109-113. allist is given by Bright based on material iden (7) Pis i d"i u m sp. Provo fm. , clay member. tified by D. W. Taylor. Taylor has tentatively Near Utah Lake, NE 1/4 Sec. 35, T. 5 S., suggested that the dissi01ilarity of the Thatcher R. 1 W. Hunt, Varnes,and Thomas 1953:25. assemblage from the Bonneville deposits report · -- Yarmouthian stage. Sal tair core, sample ed by Call indicates a difference in age. 127, 397 '5" - 397 '7 ". Eardley and Gvosd~t Bright is continuing his studies of the Cleve sky 1960: 1336-1338. --- Kansan stage. Salt land area as a Ph~ D. thesis at the University of air core, sample 151, 463'10.5"- 464'0.5.. ;· Minnesota (R. C. Bright, personal ~ommunica Eardley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336-1338. tion, November 4, 1960). In this connection it (8) Sphaerium dentatum (Haldeman). is expected that he will inake the first applica Post-Bonneville (Post-Provo), Sevier Desert;' tion of palynology to the Bonneville problem. near mouth of Jordan River. Call 1884: 15. (9) Sphaerium pilsbryanum Sterki. "Fos sil" at Bear Lake, Utah. Sterki 1909:141; SYSTEMATIC CATALOG Chamberlin and Jones 1929: 32; Henderson 1931b: 109-113. -- Bonneville marl (White . The general arrangement of this section fol Marl). Salt Lake City, west side of Jordan lows my previous ( 1961) checklist, to which the River. Berry and Crawford 1932: 55-54. - numbers in parentheses are keyed. Only prima Provo fm., clay member. Near Utah Lake, ry sources are citt:d• and only those records hav NE 1/4 Sec. 35, T. 5 S., R. 1 W. Hunt, ing stratigraphic significance are included ex- Varne~. and Thomas 1953: 25. . cept those of material from the Bear Lake area (10) S ph a e r i u.m stria tiJ:l u m (Lamarck) . which lack context. Wisconsinan I stage. Saltair core, sample 59, 186'8"."187'. Eardley and Gvosdetsky Margariti feridae 1960: 1336-1338. . (1) Margaritifera margaritifera.(L.) ( 11) S ph a e r i urn. sp. Wisconsin I stage. Salt Post-Bonneville (Post~ Provo), Sevier Desert. air core, sample 50, 155'6;5":155'8.5'\ Call 1884: 14. Eardley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336-1338. - Sangamon stage~ Saltair core, sample 82, Unionidae 271'4'"-271'6". Eardley and Gvosdetsky ~960: (2) Anodonta californiensis .Lea.· "Fos 1336-1338. ' sil" at Bear Lake, Ut~h. Henderson 1931b: 109-113 .. Physidae (3) A nod on ta n uttalli ana Lea. Post (13)Physa ampullacea Gould. "Fossil" at Bonneville (Post-Provo), Sevier Desert. Call Bear Lake, Utah andldaho. Henderson and 1884: 14-15. "Fossil" at Bear Lake, Utah. Daniels.1917: 58; Henderson 1931b: 109~113. · Olamberlin and Jones)929: 23, 26. --Bonneville marl (White Marl). Salt Lake. (4) Anodonta oregonensis Lea~ "Fossil" City, west side· of Jordan River. Berry and at Bear Lake, Utah. Chamberlin and Jones Crawford 1932: 53-54. --Provo fm., clay · 1929: 24-25. member. Near Utah Lake, .NE 1~4 Sec. 35, NO. 9, JAN. 1963 · STERKIANA 15 T. 5 S., R. 1 W. Hunt, Varnes, and Thomas 178' 10". Eardley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1953: ~5. 1336-1338. . (14) Ph'ysa gyrina S.y. Upper Bonneville (24) Lymnaea desidios~~: Say~ Bom1eville beds (White Marl). Salt Spring Creek, Utah. Marl (Whit~ Marl). Packard 1877: 166, Call 1884: 18. (26) Lymnaea kingi (Meek). Bonneville (15) Physa heterostropha (Say). Semi Marl (White Marl)~ Salt Lake City, west fossil (Post-Provo), Sevier Desert. Call side of Jordan River. Berry and Crawford 1884: 18. 1932: 53-54. (16) Physa lordi Ba~rd. Provo frn., clay (29) Lymnaea palustris (Milller). Upper member. Near Utab Lake, NE 1/4 Sec. 35, Bonneville Beds (White Marl). Near Salt T. 5 S., R. 1 W. Huflt, Varnes. and Thom Spring Creek, Utah. Call 1884: 17,-- '·'Fos as 1953: 25. sil" at Bear Lake, Idaho. Henderson 1931b: ( 17) Phy sa sp. (spp.). Wi~consinan 1 stage. 109-113. --Bonneville marl (White Marl). Saltair core, sample 57, 17 8'8" -178'10". Salt Lake City, west side of Jordan River. Eardley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336-1338. ~ Berry and Crawford 1932: 53-54. -- Wiscon Kansan stage. Saltalr core, sample 140, sinan I stage. Saltair core, sample 57. 178' 433'- 433"2.5". Eardley and Gvosdetsky 8" - 17 8' 10 ". Eardley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1960: 1336-1338. 1336··1338. -- Yarmouthian stage. Saltair core, sample 127, 397' 5" - 397' 7 ". Eard Lymnaeida.e ley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336-1338. (19) Lymna~a bonnevillens~s (Call). (30) Lymnaea proxima Lea. "Fossil" at Upper Bonneville beds (White Marl). Kelton. Bear Lake. Idaho. Henderson and Daniels Fish Spring Valley, and near Willow Springs. 1917: 58. Call 1884: 18, 24, 28; Call 1886: 5-6. - (-)Lymnaea stagnalis. Semi-fossil Marl deposit (White Marl). South of Sevier (Post-Provo). Calll884: 17. Lake, Millard Co., Utah. Hasler and Craw (31) Lymnaea stagnalis appressa (Say). ford 1938: 25-26. -- White Marl. Whirlwind White Marl, Sevier Desert. Baker 1911: 146- Valley, Tooele Co. , Utah. Ives 1946: 195- 147. 199. ~-White Marl. Gilbert's Upper River (32)Lymnaea sumassi Baird. UpperBonne bed site. T. 10 S. , R. 9 W .. Tooele Co .• ville beds (White Marl). Matlin Pass. Call Utah. Ives 1951: 7 81. 1884: 18. (20) Lymnaea caperau Say. -- S~nga (33) Lymnaea utaht~:nsis {Call). "Fossil" monian stage. Sample 82, 27 1'4" - 27 1 '6". at Bear Lake, Idaho aiHl Ut&IL Sterki 1909: Eardley and Gvosdetlky 1960: 1336-1338. - 142; Henderson 1924: 173; Chamb.erlin and Yarmouthian stage. Sample 139, 428'7" - Jones 1929: 143-144; l·iencl•;i"son. ,. ' 18~1.ia: 77- 428' 10". Eardley and Gvosdeuky. 1960: 79; Henderson l931b: 109·113,··- Bonneville 1336-1338.- -Kansan s\age. Sample 151, Marl(White Marl). Salt Lake City .. west 463'10.5"- 464'0.5"; ~ample 141, 435' side of Jordan River. Ehry and Cr<:'N'ford 11" - 436' 1". f;ardley·and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1932: 53-54. -- Pro'Jofm., silt nkmber. 1336-1338. Denver and Rio Grand~R. R. c1it, SE corner (21) Lymnaea catas"copium Say. Bonne· Sec. 26, T, 6 S., :R. 1 W. Hum'., Varnes, ville Marl (White Mad). Packard 1877: 166. and Thomas)953: .2:3: ...... · .·. . (22) Lymnaea cocker~lli (Pilsb!y and Per-. (34) Lymnaea sp. (spp:}_. Uppermost Bonne riss). Kansan stage. · Saltair core, sample ville Terrace (Bonne.vi.lle fm, ?) 0. 5 mile NW 141, 435' 11~ - 436.1". Eardley and Gvos Camp Williams. n~ar Utah:· Salt Lake Co. detsky 1960: 1336-1338, line. Crawford and (;hC.rney 1944:135-138. (23) Lymnaea dalli (Baker). Wisconsinan -- Laufen stage. Saltai.r c·::1re, sample 19, 33' I stage. Saltair core, sample 57; 178' 8" - 10" - 33' 11".. · Eardley and Gvo$detsky 1960: 16 STERKIANA NO. 9, JAN. 1963 1336-1338. -- Illinoian stage. Saltair core, (41) Gyraulus vermicularis (Gould). "Fos sample 115, 358' 8"- 358' 10':. Eardley sil at Bear Lakr., Utah and Idaho. Henderson and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336-1338. -- Yar 1931b: 109-113. Bpnneville Marl (White Marl). mouth stage. Saltair core, sample 137, 425' Salt Lake City, west side of Jordan River. Ber 1" - 425' 3", (2 species). Eardley and Gvos ry and Crawford 1932: 53-54. detsky 1960: 1336-1338. -- Kan~an ~tage. (42).GyrauJus sp •.~spp.). Wisconsinan! stage. - Saltair core, sample 140, 433' - 433' 2. 5"; Saltair core, sampJ.e 49, · 145'- 145' 2". Eard sample 151, 463' 10. 5" - 464' 0. 5"; sample ley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336-1338. Sanga 162, 493' 8" - 493' 11". Eardley and Gvo5- mon stage. Saltair core, sample 82, 271'4" detsky 1960: 1336-1338. - 271' 6". Eardley and Gvonde.tsky 1960: 1336- ·1338. Illinoian stage. Saltair core, sample Planorbidae 115, 358' 8" - 358' 10", Eardley and Gvos (35)Armiger crista (L.). Sangamon stage. detsky 1960: 1336-1338. -- Yarmouthian Saltair core, sample 82, 271' 4"- 271' 6". stage. Saltair core, sample 127, 397' 5"- Eardley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336-1338. 397' 7'\.sample128, 399' 5". Eardley and ( 36) Carinifex a top us Chamberlin and Jones. Gvosdet:lky 1960: 1336-1338. -- Kansan stage. "Fossil" at Bear Lake, Utah. Chamberlin Saltair core, sample 142, 437' 2" - 437' 4"; and Jones 1929: 156-157; Hender:;on 1931a: Jample 151, 463' 10. 5".- 464' 0. 5", Eardley 77-79. and Gvo~detsky 1960: 1336-1338. (37) Carinifex newberryi (Lea). "Fossil" (44) Helisoma trivolvis (Say). "Fossil" at at Bear Lake, Utah. Sterki 1909: 147; Cham Bear Lake, Idaho. Henderson 1931b: 109-113. berlin and Jones 1929: .155-156; Henderson .. _ Post-Bonneville (Post.-Provo), Sevier Desert, 1931a: 77-79; Henderson 1831b: 109· 113. - Utah. CaU, 1884: 16. --Upper Bonneville Provo fm. , clay member. Ne:.1r Utah Lake, beds (White Marl). Near Salt Spring· Creek, NE 1/4 Sec. 35, T. 5 S., R. 1 W. Hunt, Utah. Call 1884: 16. -- Bonneville Marl Varnes, and Thomas 1953: 25. (White Marl)., Salt Lake City, west side of (39) Gyraulus circumstriarus (Tryon). Jordan River. Berry and C~awford 1932: .53-54,.· Laufen stage. Sa,ltair core, :;ample 25, 44'- (45) Helisoma sp. · UpperrriostBonneville ter• 44' 2". Eardley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336- race (Bon:~,eville fm. ?) , Half mile NW Camp 1338. -- Wisconsinan I stage. Saltair core, Williams, near Utah-Salt Lake Co. line. sample 57, 178' 8" - 178' 10". Eardley and Crawford and Chornt;y 1944: 13~-138. ·· ~ Lau Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336-1338. --Yarmouth fen stage .. Saltair wre, sample 33, 7'5' 10'" - ian stage. Saltaii core, sample 119, 366' - 7 5' 12". Eardley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336- 366' 2 ". Eardley and Gvosd~tsky 1960: 1336- 1338. --Wisconsinan I ::tage. Saltair core, 1338. -- Kansan stage. Saltair core, samples sample 49, 145'- 145' 2". Eardley and Gvos~ 140, 141, 153, 162. Eardley and Gvosdetsky detsky 1960: 1336-1338. -- Yarmouthian stage.·. 1960: 1336-1338. Saltair core, ~ample 128, 399' 5"; sample 139, -. (40) Gyraulus f!arvus (Say). "Fossil" at Bear 428' 7" ·· 428' 10". Eardley and Gvosdetsky Lake, Idaho. Henderson and Daniels 1917: 50. 1960: 1336-1338. --Kansan stage. Saltair -- Laufen stage. Saltair core,' sample 33, 75' core, sample 140, 433' - 433' 2. 5;'; 5ample 10"- 75' 12". Eardley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 141, 435' 11" - 436' 1"; sample 151, 463' 1336-1338. -- Wisconsinan I stage. Saltair 10. 5" - 464' 0. 5"; sampl,e 162, 493' 8" - core, sample 50, 155' 6. 5"·- 155' 8. 5". Eard 493' 11". Eardley and Gvosde t~ky 1960: 1336- ley and Gvosdetsky, 1960: 1336-1338. -- Yar 1338 .. mouthian stage .. Saltair core, eample 129, (46)Pompholopsis whitei CalL Provo fm.,. 402' 1.5" - 402' 3. 5". E~rdley and Gvosdet clay member. ,Near Utah Lake; NE 1/4 Sec, sky. 1960: 1336-1338. 35, T. 5 S., R. 1 W. Hunt. Varne: and Thom as 1953: 25. NO. 9, Jf'\N. 1963 STERKIANA 17 (47) Prornenetus exacuous (Say). ~an 18'7 '. Eardley aqd Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336- gamon stage. Salt~ir core, sample 82, 271' 1338. -- Yarmouthian stage. Saltair core, 4" -' 271' 6", Eardley and Gvo~detsky 1960: sample 128, 399' 5"; sample 129, 402' 3. 5". 1336-1338. "Fossil" at Bear Lake 1 ldahq1 Eardley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336 ~ 1338. - Henc;lerson 193lb: 109-113. Provo fm., clay member. Neat Utah Lake, {48) Promenetus umbilicatelius (Cock· NE l/4 Sec. 3/?, T. 5 S. , R. '1 W. Hunt, erell). Kaqsan stag~.·. Saltair core, sample Var~s. and Thomas 1953: 25. 140, 433' - 433' 2. ti'". eardle y and Gvos· (57) fluminicola fusc·a (Haldeman). "Fos detksy 19&0: 1336-1338, sil" ilt Bear Lake. Sterki 1909: 142; Hender son 1931b: 109·1.13. --Bonneville Marl Ancylidae (White Marl). Packard 1877: 166. --Upper ( 49) Ferriss i a sp. .Ulinoian stage. Saltair Bonneville .beds (White Marl). Kelton; Snow core. samp~e 115, :iss• 8"- 358' 10". ville, Box Elder Co .. , Utah. Call 1884: 21. Eardley and Gvosdetiky 1?60: 1336-1338. --Bonneville Marl (White Marl). West side of. Jprdan River; Salt Lake City. Berry and 1\mnicolid~ Crawford 1932: 53-54.-- Provo fm., silt (50) Am~ic,ola cincinn'atiensis (Antho· member. Denver. & Rio GrandeR. R. cut, SE ny) .. Bonneville Marl (White Marl). Floor of c91ner Sec. 26, T. 6 S., R. 1 W. ·Hunt, Clinton;s Cave near Lal 437' 4"; sample 151, 463' 10.5" ~ 464' 0 . .5"; Succineidae sample 153, 469' 10" ~ 470'; sample 162, (77)Succinea avara Say. Provofm.,.silt 493' 8" ~ 493' 11"; sample 174, 534' 10. 5"~ member: Dry Creek, just below town of Al.., 535'. Eardley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336~ pine, Utah Co. Hunt, Varnes, and Thomas 1338. 1953: 24. ( 63) V a 1 v a t a hum era 1 is c a 1 i for n i c a (78) Succinea lineata W. G. Binney. Pilsbry. "Fossil" at Bear Lake,. Utah and Ida~ . Bonneville Marl (White Marl). Packard 1877: ho. Henderson 1931b: 109-113; Bonneville 166. Marl (White Marl). Packard ·1877: 166. Salt (79) Succinea sp. (spp.). "Fossil"? at Bear Lake City, west side ofJordan Fiver. Berry Lake, Idaho ..Henderson 1931b: 109-113. - and Crawford 1932:· 53-54. Sangamon stage. Saltair core, sample 82, (64) Valvata utahensi's (Call). "Fossil" 271' 4" - 27 1' 6 "~· Eardley and Gvosdetsky at Bear Lake, Idaho and Utah. Henderson 1960: 1336-1338. '1931b: 109-113. Bonneville Marl (White Marl). Salt Lake City. west side of Jordan · River. Berry and Crawford 1932: '53-54;-- _ . REFERENCES Laufen stage. Sample 33, 75' 10" - 75' 12". Eardley and Gvosdetsky 1960: 1336-1338. - ANONYMOUS ( 1948) Great Salt Lake.- It is Wisconsinan I stage. Sample 49. 145' -145; only a shriveled vestige of a prehistoric inland 2"; sample 50, 155' 5. 5" - 15.5' 8. 5". Eard sea. -- Life, Aug. 30, 1948. Popular account ley and Gvosde tsky 1960: 1336-1338:. -- Yar- of Great Salt Lake and its antecedent, with map mouthian stage. Sample 129, 402' 1. 5'" - · showing area of Lake Bonneville at its three ma 402' 3. 5". Eardley and Gvosdetsky 1960: jor levels. 1336-1338. --Provo fm .• sand member. ANTEVS, E. ( 1925) On the Pleistocene his Utah Co., Sec. 32, T. 4 5 .• R. 1 E. Hunt, tory of the Great Basin. --Carnegie Inst. Wash., Varnes, and Thomas 1953: 23. -- Provo fm., Publ. No. 352: 53-114. Extensive bibliography. clay member. Near Utah Lak.e, NE 1/4 Sec. ----- (1945) Corn!lation of Wtsl::onsin.Gla- ·. 35, T. 5 S. , R. 1 W. Hunt, Varnes; and cial maxima. --Am. J~ur. Sci.; 243-A: i-39~ Thomas 1953: 25. ----·· (1948) Climatic changes and pre-white (66) Valvata viren·s Tryon. Semi-fo£sil man. --IN: The GreatBasin with emphaSis on (Post- Provo), Sevier Desert. Call 18 84: 21. Glacial and Postglacial Times. Univ. Utah .Bull. , · 38 (20): 168-191. . Camaenidae - ~--- ( 1953) Geochronology of:th~ De glaCial (68) Oreohelix strigosa depressa (Ckll.). and Neothermal Ages:. -- Joilr ~ .Geol. :. 61: • 195- Provo fm., silt member; Dry Creek. just be~ 230. Gives C-14 dates from Danger Cave, Wen- ' low town of Alpine, Utah Co. Hunt, Varnes, dover, Utah. .. and Thomas 1953: 24. ----- (1955) Geologic-~limatic dating in the West. -- Am. Antiq!lity, 20: 317~333. Largeiy Endodontidae concerned with late glacio.- pluvial arid. post~ gla (73) Discus cronkhitei anthonyi Pilsbry. cial. "Fossil" at Bear Lake, Idaho and Utah. Hen BAKER, F. c. ( 1911) The Lymnaeidae of. derson and Daniels 1917: 58; Henderson 193lb: North and Middle· America .. -- Chicago Acad. 109-113. Sci., Spec. Publ. No. 3...... BERRY, E. G. and CRAWFORD, A. L. (1932) Pupillidae Preliminary notes on.the Mollusca o( Lake Bo~· . (76) Vertigo ovata (Say). "Fossil"? at neville. -- Proc. Utah Acad. Sci.. Arts, and · Bear Lake, Idaho. Hendersonand Daniels Letters, 9: 53-54. 1917: 58. . ··.· NO. 9, JAN. 1963 STERKIANA 19 BISSELL, H. J, ( 1952) Stratigraphy of Lake DAVIS,· W. M. ( 192'7) Biographical Memoir, Bonneville and associated Quaternary deposits in Grove Karl ~U~ert 1843-1918. -- Nat. Acad . . 'Utah Valley, U~. ·- Geol. Soc. Am., Bull., . Sci., Memoirs, 21, 5th Memoir. Chapter Xlll 63:' 1358. (.Abstract) deals with GUben'a studies on Lake Bonneville. ----- (1959) Stratigraphy of the Fivemile · DE~VEY, E•. S. (~953) Proposed correlation Pass and North Boulter Mountairu;Q.ladrangle. of glacial and pluvial sequence in western U.S. In: Geology of the Southern Oquirrh Mountains IN: H. Stapley, Climatic Change, p. 297. ·and Fivemile Pass-Northern Boulter Mountain EARDLEY, A. J. (1938) Sediments of Great area, Tooele and Utah Counties, Utah. -- Utah Salt Lake, Utah; --Am. Asooc. Petr. Geol., Geol. Soc., Guide Book No. 14: 126-182. Bull., 22:. 1305-1411. BLACKWEWER, R. (1931) Pleistocene glaci ••••• (1939) Structure of the Wasatch-Great ation in the Sierra Nevada and Baain Ranges. · Basin Region. -- Geol.. Soc • .Am .• Bull., 50: Geol. Soc. Am.,· Bull., 42: 865-922. 1277-1310. Extended bibllogra}ily. BOUTW!LL, J, M. (1904) Oil and asphalt -:-- ·- ( 1955) (editor) Tertiary and Quater prospects in Salt Lake Basin, Utah. U.S. Geol. nary Geology of the eastern Bonneville Basin. · Survey, BulL 2.60: 46.8-479. Gives log of Guf -- Utah Geol. and Min. Survey, Guidebook No. fey and Galey well. 10. BRIGHT, R. C. (1960) Geology of ~e Cleve ----- (1957) The changing story of Great land area, southeastern Idaho. -- Unpublished SaltLake. -."'Utah Alumnua, 33: 3, 6. A pop M.S .. thesl.&·, ·University of Utah. ular version of material in Eardley e t a 1. • BROECKER, W. S. and ORR, P. C. (1958) .1957. Radioc.arbon chronology of Lake Lahontan and -~--- 4DdGVOSDETSKY, V. (1960) .Ana Lake Bonneville. -- Geol. ~c. Am., Bull. lysis of PleiJtocene core from Great Salt Lake, 69: '1009-10$2. Summarizes C -14 dates. Utah. -- Geol. Soc. Am,, Bull. 71: 3323- BUSS, W. R. ( 1951) Bibliography of Utah 1344. Report on the first deep (650 feet) coie Geology to Pecember.31, 1950:--lltah Geol. to penetrate Bonneville sedimenu. and Min. Survey·, Bull. 40: 1-219. --:--- GVOSDETSKY, V., and MAR.SELL, R. 'CALL, R. E. ( 1884) On the Quaternary and · E. (1957) Hydrology of Lake Bonneville and ged Recent Mollusca of the Great Basin, with de imenu and ao~s of its basin. -- Geol. Soc. Am. , scriptions of new forms. -- U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 68: 1141-1201. .·Bull. 11. . EMIIJANI,. C. ( 19~8) Paleotemperature ana ----- (1886) On certain Recent, Quaternary, lyaia of core 280 aod Pleistocene correlations. . and new fresh-water Mollusca. -- Proc. paven . -- Jour. Geol.. 66: 264-275. pon Acad. Nat. Sci. • 5: 1-8. · FE}{NEMAN, N. ( 1931) Physiography of West · CHAMBERUN, R. V. and JONES, D •. T. em Uoited .. Statea .. -- McGraw-Hill Book Co., (1929) A Deacr1pl1ve Catalog of lhe Mollusca of ·New York . Utah. -- Univ. Utah Bull., 19 (4): 1•203. . JIETH, J, H. (1955) Sedimentary features in CHARLESWORTH, J, K. (1957) The Quater ·tho Lake BonnevUle group in the east llhore a.rea, D.ary Erawtdlapecialreference to iJJ Glac14tion. nur Ogden, Utah.... Utah Geol. and Min. Sur -- Edward Arnold, London •. ,Yol. 2, Qla~r vey, Guidebook No .. 10:.45-69. · XLI deals with "Pluvial8elri." Extelllive b1~U ----- (1961) A ne'lf map of. western. conrer ogra}ily. minOO. Uialted .States tbowingthe.maximwn CRAWFORD, .A. L. and CHORNEY •' R. (1944) known~ inferre4 ~xtent.of PleiStocene lake5. -- Manganese occurrence in the Tiaverse Mount u. S. Geol. Survey,· PrQf. Paper 424-8:110~114. ains northwest of Camp Williama, Utah .. -- Proc. fLINT, R. P, ( 1947) Glacial Geology and the Utah Acad. Sci. , .Arts and Lettera, 19 A 20: · Plelacoc:ene Epoch. -~John WUey & Sotu, New 135-138. York. 20 STERKlANA NO .. 9, JAN. 1963 FUNT, R. F. ( 1957) Glacial and Pleistocene GOODE, H. (1961) Quaternary deposits of the Geology. ~~John Wiley & Sons, New York. East Tintic MOuntains, Utah, IN: H. T. Morriss GILBERT, G. K, ( 187 4) Preliminary Geolo and T. s. Lovering, Stratigraphy of the East Tin·· gical Report, IN: Progress-report upon Geologic tic Mountains. Utah. -~ U. S. Geol. ·Survey, al and Geographical Explorations and Surveys Prof. Paper 361: 129-140. West of the One Hundredth Meridian, in. 1872 ----- and EARDLEY, A. J, (1960) Lake Bon (Wheeler Survey), pp. 48-52. Washington, D. neville: a preliminary report on the Quateinary .· C. The first of Gilbert's contributions to Lake deposits of Little Valley, Promontory Range, u~ Bonneville, which at this date ~-as merele call-. tah. -- Geol. Soc. Am., Bull., 71:2035. (Ab ed an "ancient fresh-water lake." Stratigra,lilic stract). sequence is briefly outlined. GVOSDETSKY, V. (1954} Mountain glacia ----- (1875)Report on the Geology of Por tion and the history of Lake Bonneville. -- Proc. tions of Nevada, Utah, California and Arizona, Utah Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters, 31: 168. examined in the yeJrs 1871 and1872, IN: Wheel (Abstract). er Survey, final report, vol. 3: 86-104. · .First HARSHBARGER, J. W. (1960} Geologic frame· use of the name '1.ake Bonneville." More ex work and hydrology of intermontane valleys of tended account of stratigraphy, with some spe the Great Basin. -- Geol. Soc. Am., Bull., cific identifications of mollusks. 71: 1881-1882. (Abstract) ----- (1882a) Post-glacial joint. ~-Am. HASLER, J. W. and CRAWFORD, A. L. Jour. Sci. ( 3) 23: 25-27. Brief account of lake ( 1938) Diatomaceous marl of Bonneville age ... deposits in the Sevier and Great Salt Lake deserts. --·Proc. Utah Acad. ~ci., Arts and Letters, . ----- (1882b) Contributions to the history of 15: 25-26. Lake Bonneville. -- U. S. Geol. Survey, 2d An. HAY, 0. P. (1927)The Pleistocene of the Rept., pp .. 167-200. Gilbert's most extended ac Western Region of North America and its Ver count prior to publication of the Lake Bonneville tebrated Animals. -- Carnegie.Inst. Washing monograph in 1890. ton, Publ. No. 322B. The latest available ----- (1890) Lake Bonneville. -- U. S. Geol. · comprehensive review of BOnneville Basin Qua,;_ Survey, Monograph No. 1. This classic work ap ternary vertebrate fossils. peared late in the year, and all contemporary re' HENDERSON, J. ( 193la) Variation in C a - . views which I have examined appeared in 1891. r i n i f ex n e w be r r y i (Lea) and L y. m n a e a ,· No bibliographic refer~nces have appeared to utahensis (Call). -- Nauc_ 44: 77-79.· these reviews. Those which I have ferreted out ·----- ( 1931b) The problem of the Mollusca ·.. are: Science, 17: 123-124; Popular Sci. Month- of Bear Lake and Utah Lake, Idaho-Utah. -- 17, 39: 131-132; Am. Geologist, 7: 132-134; Naut. 44: 109-113. . . . . _ Am. Jour .. Sci. (3) 41: 327-329. No reviews -----and DANIELS, L. E. (1917)Hilntiilg appeared in the .Jour. Geol. nor in the Geol.· Mollusca in Utah and Idaho in 1916. -- Proc. Soc. Am. Bulletin, the early nwt1bers of the lat-. ..A,cad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1917: 48-81 .. ''· ·' . ter not carrying reviews. HOWELL, E. H. (1875) Geology ofPonions GILLULY, J. (1932) Geology and ore deposits of Utah, Nevada, .Arizona and New Mexico, ex-·.· of the Stockton and Fairfield Quadrangles, Utah. plored and surveyed in 1872 and 1873, IN: . -- U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 173. Qua Wheeler Survey, final repOrt, .vol. 3: 227-301. ·· ternary deposits disc.uued pp. 40-41. Includes discussion. of beach lines and tufa depo· GOODE, H. (1960) Friends of tbe Pleistocene sits in southern part of Bonneville Basin. · · (Rocky Mountain Section), Sixth Annual Field HUNT. c. B. ( 1953) Pleistocene-Recent , Trip, Little Valley, Promontory Point, Utah. -· Boundary in. the Rocky Mountain Region. -- U. Mimeogr4phed. Contains abstract of Goode and S. Geol. Survey, BulL 996..:A: 1-25: Eardley ( 1960) plua 5 maps and diagrams not ----- and MORRISON, R. B. (1957} Geology .. included. in the published version. of Danger and Juke Box Caves. near Wendover, >' NO .. 9, JAN~ 1963 STERKIANA 21 . Utah, IN:,J. D. jennings, Danger Cave, Mem LOFGREN, B. E. (1953) Geologic interpreta oirs of the Soc. for Am. Archaeology, No. 14, tions based on test drilling in Ogden Valley, U Appendix A, pp. 298-301. tah. -- Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters, HUNT, C. B. and SOKOLOFF. V. P. (1950) 30: 120. (Abstract) Pre-Wisconsin soil in the Rocky Mountain region ----- ( 1955) Resume of the Tertiary and Qua - a. progre$5 report. -- U~, s. Geol. Survey, Prof. ternary stratlgra,!Xly of Ogden Valley, Utah. - Paper 221-G: 109·123. Beginniqgs of applica Utah Geol. and Min. Survey, Guidebook No. tion of paleopedology to the Bonneville problem. 10: 70-84. ----- VARNES, H. D., and THOMAS, H. E. MALDE, H. E. ( 1960) Evidence in the Snake ( 1953) Lake Bonneville: Geology of Northern U River plain, Idaho, of a catastrophic flood from tah Valley, Utah. -- u .. -S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Pleistocene L11ke Bonneville. -- U. S. Geol. Paper 257-A: l-~9. The first of a series of re Survey, Prof. Pa~r 400-B: 295-297. ports by the Survey on the geology of the Bonne MARSELL, R. £. (1931) Salient geological ville Basin. features of the Traverse Mountains, Utah. - , lVES, R. L. (1946) The Whirlwind Vall~y Trans. Utah Acad. Sci., 8: 106-110. Lymnaea bonnevillensis site. --Rocks ----- (1932) Geology of the Jordan Narrows and Minerals, 21:195-199. · region, Traverse Mountains, Utah. -- l)npubl. --,--- ( 1948)' The outlet of Lake Bonneville. M.S. thesis, Univ. Utah. · --Sci. Monthly, 67: 415-426. ----· (1942) Terraces of Lake Bonneville. ----- ( 1950) Glaciations in Little Cottonwood --Min. Soc. Utah, News Bull., 3: 24-26. Canyon, Utah. --Sci. Monthly,·77: 105-117. - .. --- (1949) The Quaternary System in Utah, ----- (1951) Pleistocene valley sediments of IN:'Oil and Gas Possibilities in Utah, Utah Geol. the Dugway area, Utah. -- Geol. SOc. Am., and Min. Survey, Bull., pp. 109-118. Bull. 62: 781-798. ------(1947.) The.relations of the Little Cot JONES, D.-J. and MARSELL;'R. I. (1952) tonwood and Bell canyon glaciers to Lake Bonne Pleistocene lake sediments in the vicinity of ville. -- Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. , Arts and Let Salt L;ike City, Utah. -- Geol. Soc. Am., Bull. ters, 23: ·18. (Abstract) 63: 1364. (Abstract) ---'"- and JONES, D. J. (1955) Pleistocene . ~---- and----- (1955) Pleistocene of Lower history of Lower Jor<:Ian Valley, Utah~ -- Utah Jordan Valley, Utah. -- Utah Geol. and Min; Geol. and Min .. Survey, Guidebook No. 10: 113- Survey,. Guidebook No. 10: 85-112. 120. JONES, D. T. ( 1940) Lake Bonneville Maps. · ¥ElNZF..R, 0. E. ( 1922) Map of the Pleisto -- Edwards Bros .. Inc, , Ann Arbor, Michigan. cene lakes of the Basin and Range Province and KEYES, C. (1917) Climatic index. of Bonne its significance. -- Geol. Soc: Arri .. Bull. , 33: ville Lake Beds. -- Science (n. s~) 46: 139-140. 541-552. . . . KING;- c: (1878) Reportoftqe Geological Ex MORRISON, R. 8. ( 1961a) A suggested Ple ploration of the Fortieth Paiallel, vol. 1. Wash istocerie~Recent (H()lo~ene). boundary for the . ington, D. C. A section on. Lake Bonneville (pj:>. Great Basin region, Nevada-Utah;.-- U, S. Geol. 490-504} deals largely with the chemical nature Survey, Prof. Paper 424-J), art. 330: 115-116. of the sediments. ~-~-~-(1961b) Correlation of the deposits of LANGBEIN, W. B. (1961) Salinity and hydro· Lakes Lahontan and Bonneville and the glacial logy of closed lakes. --. U: S. Geol. Survey, sequences Clf the ~ierra Nevada and Wasatch . Prof, Paper 412: 1,.20. Mountains; California; Nevada, and Utah. · - LEE, W. T. ( 190~) Geologic Reconnaissanc~ u.- S. Geol. Survey,, Prof. Paper 424-D, art. of a pait of weslelnArizoria. -- U. S. Geol. 332: 122-124. Survey, BulL 352. Gives log 1>f well a~ Neels, ·:-··- (1961c) New evidence on the history of Utah. Lake Bonneville from a~ area south of Salt Lake 22 STERKIANA NO. 9, JAN. 1963 City, Utah.-- U.S; Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper ROY, E. C. ( 1962) Molluscan faunas of the 424-D, art. 333: 125-127, Gunnison Reservoir deposit, Sanpete County, MORRISS, H. T. and LOVERING, T. S. ( 1961) Utah. -- Sterkiana, 6: 5-13. Stratigraphy of the East Tintic Mountains, Utah. SCHREIBER, J. F., Jr. (1961) Sedimentary --U.S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper361. Sec record in Great Salt Lake, Utah. - ~ Abstracts tions on Quaternary deposits by· H. D. Goode. of Doctoral Dissertations, 1957-1960 for Degreeil MOSCHELES, J. ( 1922) Der Lake Bonneville Awarded at the University of Utah. -- Univ. U und das eiszeitliche Klima. -- Zeitschr. fiir tah, Bull. 52 (27): 104-105. Thesis submitted Gletscherkunde, 12: 166-167. Not seen. 1958. NOLAN, T. B. ( 1943) The Basin and Range STERK!, V. (1909) Sphaerium pilsbry Province in Utah, Nevada, and California. - anum n. sp. -- Naut. 22: 141.~142. U. S.Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 197-D: 141- TAYLOR, D. W. ( 1960) Distribution of the 196. Summarizes published information through freshwater clam Pisidium ultramontanum; 1938. Extensive bibliography. a zoogeographic inquiry. --Am. Jour. Sci., PACK, F. J. ( 1939) Lake Bonneville. A Po 258-A: 325-334. Includes discu5sion of Snake pular Treatise Dealing with the History and Phys River-Bonneville Basin relationships. ical Aspects of Lake Bon'neville. -- Univ. Utah, THOMAS, H. E., HANSEN, G. H. and LOF Bull. 30( 4): 1-112. GREN, B. E. (1952) Deep water wells in Utah PACKARD, A. D. ( 1877) on· a cave fauna in County, Utah. -- Geol. Soc. Am., Bull. 63: Utah. -- U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 3: 157-169. 1373~ (Abstract). Reports oil work done by Packard while attached TRIMBLE, D. E. and CARR, W. }. (1961) to the Hayden Survey during the summer of 1875. The Michaud delta and Bonneville River near PEALE, A. C. (1878) The ancient outlet of Pocatello, Idaho. ~- U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Great Salt Lake. --Am. Jour. Sci. (3) 15: 439- Paper 424, art. 69: 164-166. 444. VARNES, D. J.· and VAN HORN, R. (1961) RICHARDSON, G. B. (1906) Underground wa A reinterpretation of two of G .. K, Gilbert~s · ter in the valleys of t]tah Lake and Jordan River, sections, Utah. ~- U. S. Geol. Survey; Prof. Utah. -- U. S. Geol. Survey, Water Supply Pa Paper 424-C, art. 186: 98-99. · per 157: 1-81. Plate V shows diagrams of 24 WILUAMS, J. S. ( 1952) Red Rock Pass, .out well logs. let of Lake Bonneville. -~ Geol. Soc~ Am ..• RICHMOND, G. M. (1950) Interstadial soils Bull. 63: 137 5. (Abstract) .·.· • .·. · · . as possible stratigraphic horizons in Wisconsin -•--- (1958) GeologicAtlas of Utah~ Cache chronology. -- Geol. Soc. Am., Bull. 61: 1497~ County, Utah. -- Utah Geol. and Min. Survey, (Abstract) Bull. 64: 1-104. Includes coloredgeologic ----- (1961) New evidence of the age of Lake map and photography ()fRed Rock Pass area.' Bonneville from the moraines in Little Cotton ----- WILLARD, A. D~ and PARKER, V. wood Canyon, Utah. •- U. S. Geol. Survey,· ( 1960) Late Pleistocene· history of Bear Lake Val-· Prof. Paper 424•D, art. 334: 127-128. ley, Utah .. ldaho. --Geol.Soc.Am., B.ull. 71: ----- MORRISON, R. B. and BISSELL, H. J, ·2042·2043. (Abstract) . ( 1952) Correlations of the Late Quaternary depo . -----, --,---and----- (1962) ~centhis~ sits of the La Sal Mountains, Utah, and of·Lakes tory of Bear Lake Valley, Utah-Idaho. ;..>Am. Bonneville and Lahontan by means of interstadial· Jour. Sci., 260: 24-36.' . soils. --,Geol. Soc. Am., Bull. 63: 1369. · (Ab WILMARTH, M. '!• (1S38). Lexicon of geolo stract) gic names ofthe United States (including Alas ROSCOE, E. J. ( 1961) Preliminary checklist ka). -- U. S. Geol. Survey~ Bull • .896: l-2396. of Lake Bonneville Mollusca. -- Sterkiana, 4: WILSON, D., .SANDO;' W. 1., and KOPF •. R~ 23-28. Includes bibliography of all molluscan W. (1957) Geologic names of North Ame~ica in-. records. troduced in 1936-1955. '-- U. s. Geol. Survey, Bull. 1056-A: 1-405, , ..·.· ... '· - 1·,~. -· NO. 9, JAN. 1963 STERKI'ANA 23 WIMBER, R. and CRAWFORD, A.· L. (1933) YOUNG, G. J. (1914) Potash salts and other The occurrence and possible economic value of salines in the Great Basin region. -- U. S. Dept. ' . diatomaceous earth in Utah. ~- Proc. Utah Agric. , Bull. 61: 1-96. Relates to chemistry Of Acad. Sci. , Arts and Letters, 10: 61. Lake Bonneville deposits. WOOLLEY, R. R. ( 1947) Utilization of sur face-water resources of Sevier Lake Basin, Utah. -- U. S. Geol. Survey, Water Supply Paper 920: 1-393. Plate 4 is a map showing maxi Chicago Natura] History Museum mum extent of Lake Bonneville in relation to Roosevelt Road and Lake Shore Drive major physical divisions of Utah. Chicago 5, Illinois / HELICODISCUS ROUNDY! (MORRISON) LESUE HUBRICHT In my recent paper "Drift land shells from Paravitrea roundyi Morrison. Having the Red River, Arkansas" (Sterkiana 8: 33-34) examined these specimens I feel that this spe I listed two new species of Helicodiscus. cies belongs in He 1 i cod is c us rather than One of these, of which there were five speci Paravitrea. mens, was a very small, tightly coiled species, only slightly larger than Punctum minu Three shells which I had collected in 1934 tissimum (Lea). While the above paper was from Pleistocene silt, one mile northwest of in press !_succeeded fn removing the dirt from Collinsville, Madison County, Illinois were the apertures of the shells and diScovered that found to be He li c o d is c us r ou n d y i. One there was a pair of teeth within the aperture. specimen had three pairs of teeth within the This discovery enabled me to identify them as aperture.