Distinct Neural Correlates of Visual Long-Term Memory For
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Neural Mechanisms of Navigation Involving Interactions of Cortical and Subcortical Structures
J Neurophysiol 119: 2007–2029, 2018. First published February 14, 2018; doi:10.1152/jn.00498.2017. REVIEW Where Are You Going? The Neurobiology of Navigation Neural mechanisms of navigation involving interactions of cortical and subcortical structures James R. Hinman, Holger Dannenberg, Andrew S. Alexander, and Michael E. Hasselmo Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts Submitted 5 July 2017; accepted in final form 1 February 2018 Hinman JR, Dannenberg H, Alexander AS, Hasselmo ME. Neural mecha- nisms of navigation involving interactions of cortical and subcortical structures. J Neurophysiol 119: 2007–2029, 2018. First published February 14, 2018; doi: 10.1152/jn.00498.2017.—Animals must perform spatial navigation for a range of different behaviors, including selection of trajectories toward goal locations and foraging for food sources. To serve this function, a number of different brain regions play a role in coding different dimensions of sensory input important for spatial behavior, including the entorhinal cortex, the retrosplenial cortex, the hippocampus, and the medial septum. This article will review data concerning the coding of the spatial aspects of animal behavior, including location of the animal within an environment, the speed of movement, the trajectory of movement, the direction of the head in the environment, and the position of barriers and objects both relative to the animal’s head direction (egocentric) and relative to the layout of the environment (allocentric). The mechanisms for coding these important spatial representations are not yet fully understood but could involve mechanisms including integration of self-motion information or coding of location based on the angle of sensory features in the environment. -
Reversible Verbal and Visual Memory Deficits After Left Retrosplenial Infarction
Journal of Clinical Neurology / Volume 3 / March, 2007 Case Report Reversible Verbal and Visual Memory Deficits after Left Retrosplenial Infarction Jong Hun Kim, M.D.*, Kwang-Yeol Park, M.D.†, Sang Won Seo, M.D.*, Duk L. Na, M.D.*, Chin-Sang Chung, M.D.*, Kwang Ho Lee, M.D.*, Gyeong-Moon Kim, M.D.* *Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea †Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea The retrosplenial cortex is a cytoarchitecturally distinct brain structure located in the posterior cingulate gyrus and bordering the splenium, precuneus, and calcarine fissure. Functional imaging suggests that the retrosplenium is involved in memory, visuospatial processing, proprioception, and emotion. We report on a patient who developed reversible verbal and visual memory deficits following a stroke. Neuro- psychological testing revealed both anterograde and retrograde memory deficits in verbal and visual modalities. Brain diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an acute infarction of the left retrosplenium. J Clin Neurol 3(1):62-66, 2007 Key Words : Retrosplenium, Memory, Amnesia We report on a patient who developed both verbal INTRODUCTION and visual memory deficits after an acute infarction of the retrosplenial cortex. The main structures related to human memory are the Papez circuit, the basolateral limbic circuit, and the basal forebrain, which communicate with each other through white-matter tracts. Damage to these structures (in- cluding the communication tracts) from hemorrhages, infarctions, and tumors can result in memory dis- turbances.1,2 In addition to these structures, Valenstein et al. -
Changing the Cortical Conductor's Tempo: Neuromodulation of the Claustrum
REVIEW published: 13 May 2021 doi: 10.3389/fncir.2021.658228 Changing the Cortical Conductor’s Tempo: Neuromodulation of the Claustrum Kelly L. L. Wong 1, Aditya Nair 2,3 and George J. Augustine 1,2* 1Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, 2Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore, 3Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States The claustrum is a thin sheet of neurons that is densely connected to many cortical regions and has been implicated in numerous high-order brain functions. Such brain functions arise from brain states that are influenced by neuromodulatory pathways from the cholinergic basal forebrain, dopaminergic substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, and serotonergic raphe. Recent revelations that the claustrum receives dense input from these structures have inspired investigation of state-dependent control of the claustrum. Here, we review neuromodulation in the claustrum—from anatomical connectivity to behavioral manipulations—to inform future analyses of claustral function. Keywords: claustrum, acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, neuromodulation Edited by: Edouard Pearlstein, INTRODUCTION Independent Researcher, Marseille, France The claustrum is a long and irregular sheet of neurons nestled between the insula and striatum. As it is known to be heavily and bilaterally connected to many brain regions in organisms ranging Reviewed by: Ami Citri, from mice to humans (Sherk, 1986; Torgerson et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2017, 2019; Zingg et al., Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2018), the claustrum has been likened to a cortical conductor (Crick and Koch, 2005). -
Retrosplenial Cortex Is Necessary for Latent Learning in Mice
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.21.453258; this version posted July 23, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Retrosplenial cortex is necessary for spatial and non-spatial latent learning in mice Ana Carolina Bottura de Barros1,2*, Liad J. Baruchin1#, Marios C. Panayi3#, Nils Nyberg1, Veronika Samborska1, Mitchell T. Mealing1, Thomas Akam3, Jeehyun Kwag4, David M. Bannerman3 & Michael M. Kohl1,2* 1 Dept. of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK 2 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK 3 Dept. of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK 4 Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-71, Republic of Korea #These authors contributed equally *Correspondence: [email protected] & [email protected] Keywords: Latent Learning, Retrosplenial Cortex, Optogenetics, Internal Model, Mice 1/19 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.21.453258; this version posted July 23, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Abstract 2 Latent learning occurs when associations are formed between stimuli in the absence of explicit 3 reinforcement. -
The Pre/Parasubiculum: a Hippocampal Hub for Scene- Based Cognition? Marshall a Dalton and Eleanor a Maguire
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect The pre/parasubiculum: a hippocampal hub for scene- based cognition? Marshall A Dalton and Eleanor A Maguire Internal representations of the world in the form of spatially which posits that one function of the hippocampus is to coherent scenes have been linked with cognitive functions construct internal representations of scenes in the ser- including episodic memory, navigation and imagining the vice of memory, navigation, imagination, decision-mak- future. In human neuroimaging studies, a specific hippocampal ing and a host of other functions [11 ]. Recent inves- subregion, the pre/parasubiculum, is consistently engaged tigations have further refined our understanding of during scene-based cognition. Here we review recent evidence hippocampal involvement in scene-based cognition. to consider why this might be the case. We note that the pre/ Specifically, a portion of the anterior medial hippocam- parasubiculum is a primary target of the parieto-medial pus is consistently engaged by tasks involving scenes temporal processing pathway, it receives integrated [11 ], although it is not yet clear why a specific subre- information from foveal and peripheral visual inputs and it is gion of the hippocampus would be preferentially contiguous with the retrosplenial cortex. We discuss why these recruited in this manner. factors might indicate that the pre/parasubiculum has privileged access to holistic representations of the environment Here we review the extant evidence, drawing largely from and could be neuroanatomically determined to preferentially advances in the understanding of visuospatial processing process scenes. pathways. We propose that the anterior medial portion of the hippocampus represents an important hub of an Address extended network that underlies scene-related cognition, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, and we generate specific hypotheses concerning the University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK functional contributions of hippocampal subfields. -
Curriculum Vitae
CURRICULUM VITAE STEFAN KÖHLER, PH.D. CURRENT ADDRESS The Brain and Mind Institute Western International Research Building University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7 phone: (519) 661-2111 ext. 86364 email: [email protected] CURRENT AND PAST POSITIONS 2014 – present Professor, Dept. of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute & Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario 2006 – 2014 Associate Professor, Dept. of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute & Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario 2008 – present Associate Scientist, Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto 2000 – 2006: Assistant Professor, Dept. of Psychology & Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario 1998 – 2000: Research Associate, Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University 1995 – 1998: Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto UNIVERSITY EDUCATION 1991 – 1995: Ph.D., Psychology, University of Toronto in addition: Completion of the Collaborative Program in Neuroscience at the Ph.D. level, University of Toronto Thesis: Visual long-term memory for spatial location and object identity in humans: Neural correlates and cognitive processes Supervisor: Morris Moscovitch 1985 – 1991: Diplom, Psychology, Universität Bielefeld, Germany Thesis: Memory deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease Supervisor: Wolfgang Hartje 2 AREAS OF RESEARCH INTEREST General: Cognitive neuroscience Specific: Memory & amnesia Visual cognition -
Default Mode Network in Childhood Autism Posteromedial Cortex Heterogeneity and Relationship with Social Deficits
ARCHIVAL REPORT Default Mode Network in Childhood Autism: Posteromedial Cortex Heterogeneity and Relationship with Social Deficits Charles J. Lynch, Lucina Q. Uddin, Kaustubh Supekar, Amirah Khouzam, Jennifer Phillips, and Vinod Menon Background: The default mode network (DMN), a brain system anchored in the posteromedial cortex, has been identified as underconnected in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, to date there have been no attempts to characterize this network and its involvement in mediating social deficits in children with ASD. Furthermore, the functionally heterogeneous profile of the posteromedial cortex raises questions regarding how altered connectivity manifests in specific functional modules within this brain region in children with ASD. Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and an anatomically informed approach were used to investigate the functional connectivity of the DMN in 20 children with ASD and 19 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) children. Multivariate regression analyses were used to test whether altered patterns of connectivity are predictive of social impairment severity. Results: Compared with TD children, children with ASD demonstrated hyperconnectivity of the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices with predominately medial and anterolateral temporal cortex. In contrast, the precuneus in ASD children demonstrated hypoconnectivity with visual cortex, basal ganglia, and locally within the posteromedial cortex. Aberrant posterior cingulate cortex hyperconnectivity was linked with severity of social impairments in ASD, whereas precuneus hypoconnectivity was unrelated to social deficits. Consistent with previous work in healthy adults, a functionally heterogeneous profile of connectivity within the posteromedial cortex in both TD and ASD children was observed. Conclusions: This work links hyperconnectivity of DMN-related circuits to the core social deficits in young children with ASD and highlights fundamental aspects of posteromedial cortex heterogeneity. -
5/14/19 1 PATRICIA ANN REUTER-LORENZ Chair and Professor of Psychology University of Michigan Department of Psychology 53
5/14/19 PATRICIA ANN REUTER-LORENZ Chair and Professor of Psychology University of Michigan Department of Psychology 530 Church Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1043 Phone: (764) 764-7429 Fax: (764) 763-7480 Email Address: [email protected] PARL Lab Web Site Education: Ph.D. 1987 University of Toronto (Psychology) M.A. 1981 University of Toronto (Psychology) B.A. 1979 State University of New YorK, Purchase (Psychology, with Honors) Professional Experience: 2016-present Michael I. Posner Collegiate Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience 2015-present Chair, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan 2002-present Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan 2012-present Faculty Associate, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research 2008-present Co-Director, International Max PlancK Research School on the LIFE course 2012 (Winter) Visiting Scientist, Center for Vital Longevity, UT Dallas 2009 (Spring) Visiting Scholar, Wales Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience & University of Wales, Bangor 2002-2005 Chair, Cognition and Cognitive Neuroscience Area, University of Michigan 1997-2002 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan 1992-1997 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan 1988-1991 Research Assistant Professor, Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 1989-1991 Adjunct Assistant Professor, Dept. of Psychology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 1986-1988 Postdoctoral Fellow, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cornell -
Robust Vestibular Self-Motion Signals in Macaque Posterior Cingulate Region Bingyu Liu1,2, Qingyang Tian1,2, Yong Gu1,2*
RESEARCH ARTICLE Robust vestibular self-motion signals in macaque posterior cingulate region Bingyu Liu1,2, Qingyang Tian1,2, Yong Gu1,2* 1CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Abstract Self-motion signals, distributed ubiquitously across parietal-temporal lobes, propagate to limbic hippocampal system for vector-based navigation via hubs including posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Although numerous studies have indicated posterior cingulate areas are involved in spatial tasks, it is unclear how their neurons represent self-motion signals. Providing translation and rotation stimuli to macaques on a 6-degree-of-freedom motion platform, we discovered robust vestibular responses in PCC. A combined three-dimensional spatiotemporal model captured data well and revealed multiple temporal components including velocity, acceleration, jerk, and position. Compared to PCC, RSC contained moderate vestibular temporal modulations and lacked significant spatial tuning. Visual self-motion signals were much weaker in both regions compared to the vestibular signals. We conclude that macaque posterior cingulate region carries vestibular-dominant self-motion signals with plentiful temporal components that could be useful for path integration. Introduction Navigation is a fundamental and indispensable ability for creatures -
The Influence of Prior Knowledge on the Formation of Detailed and Durable Memories
The influence of prior knowledge on the formation of detailed and durable memories. BELLANA, B.1,3, MANSOUR, R.2, LADYKA-WOJCIK, N.3, GRADY, C. L.3,4,5 & MOSCOVITCH, M.3,4 1Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University; 2Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; 3Department of Psychology, University of Toronto; 4Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest; 5Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Authors’ Note: Correspondence can be addressed to Buddhika Bellana ([email protected]), Cheryl Grady ([email protected]), or Morris Moscovitch ([email protected]). This research was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) grant to M.M. (no. A8347), a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) grant to C.L.G. (no. MOP-143311), and scholarships awarded to B.B. from NSERC and the Ontario Graduate Scholarship program. Data are publicly available on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/fqrhj/). The influence of prior knowledge on the formation of detailed and durable memories. BELLANA, B.1,3, MANSOUR, R.2, LADYKA-WOJCIK, N.3, GRADY, C. L.3,4,5 & MOSCOVITCH, M.3,4 1Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University; 2Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; 3Department of Psychology, University of Toronto; 4Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest; 5Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Prior knowledge often improves recognition, but its relationship to the retrieval of memory detail is unclear. Resource-based accounts of recognition suggest that familiar stimuli are more efficiently encoded into memory, thus freeing attentional resources to encode additional details from a study episode. However, schema-based theories would predict that activating prior knowledge can lead to the formation of more generalized representations in memory. -
What Is Special About Face Recognition? Nineteen Experiments on a Person with Visual Object Agnosia and Dyslexia but Normal Face Recognition
What is special about face recognition? Nineteen experiments on a person with visual object agnosia and dyslexia but normal face recognition. Morris Moscovitch; Gordon Winocur; Marlene Behrmann. Author's Abstract: COPYRIGHT 1997 Massachusetts Institute of Technology In order to study face recognition in relative isolation from visual processes that may also contribute to object recognition and reading, we investigated CK, a man with normal face recognition but with object agnosia and dyslexia caused by a closed-head injury. We administered recognition tests of upright faces, of family resemblance, of age- transformed faces, of caricatures, of cartoons, of inverted faces, and of face features, of disguised faces, of perceptually degraded faces, of fractured faces, of faces parts, and of faces whose parts were made of objects. We compared CK's performance with that of at least 12 control participants. We found that CK performed as well as controls as long as the face was upright and retained the configurational integrity among the internal facial features, the eyes, nose, and mouth. This held regardless of whether the face was disguised or degraded and whether the face was represented as a photo, a caricature, a cartoon, or a face composed of objects. In the last case, CK perceived the face but, unlike controls, was rarely aware that it was composed of objects. When the face, or just the internal features, were inverted or when the configurational gestalt was broken by fracturing the face or misaligning the top and bottom halves, CK's performance suffered far more than that of controls. We conclude that face recognition normally depends on two systems: (1) a holistic, face-specific system that is dependent on orientation-specific coding of second-order relational features (internal), which is intact in CK and (2) a part- based object-recognition system, which is damaged in CK and which contributes to face recognition when the face stimulus does not satisfy the domain-specific conditions needed to activate the face system. -
PDE4D Regulates Spine Plasticity and Memory in the Retrosplenial Cortex
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN PDE4D regulates Spine Plasticity and Memory in the Retrosplenial Cortex Received: 17 August 2017 Karsten Baumgärtel1, Andrea Green1, Diana Hornberger1, Jennifer Lapira1, Christopher Rex2, Accepted: 16 February 2018 Damian G. Wheeler1 & Marco Peters1 Published: xx xx xxxx The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) plays a critical role in episodic memory, but the molecular mechanisms governing plasticity in this structure are poorly understood. Diverse studies have demonstrated a role for RSC in acquisition, early consolidation and retrieval similar to the hippocampus (HC), as well as in systems consolidation similar to the anterior cingulate cortex. Here, we asked whether established molecular and structural substrates of memory consolidation in the HC also engage in RSC shortly after learning. We show striking parallels in training induced gene-activation in HC and RSC following contextual conditioning, which is blocked by systemic administration of an NMDA receptor antagonist. Long-term memory is enhanced by retrosplenial and hippocampal knockdown (KD) of the cAMP specifc phosphodiesterase Pde4d. However, while training per se induces lasting spine changes in HC, this does not occur in RSC. Instead, increases in the number of mature dendritic spines are found in the RSC only if cAMP signaling is augmented by Pde4d KD, and spine changes are at least partially independent of training. This research highlights parallels and diferences in spine plasticity mechanisms between HC and RSC, and provides evidence for a functional dissociation of the two. Since the frst description of amnesia in a patient with retrosplenial lesion by Valenstein and colleagues almost 30 years ago1, much of the insight on the role of the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) in memory comes from studies examining its activation, or the efect of its inactivation in animal models2.