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CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Stream Channel Response to Sediment Erosion, Transport, and Deposition in a Tectonically

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CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Stream Channel Response to Sediment Erosion, Transport, and Deposition in a Tectonically CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Stream Channel Response to Sediment Erosion, Transport, and Deposition In a Tectonically Active Watershed: San Emigdio Canyon, Wind Wolves Preserve, Kern County, California A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts in Geography By Dannon Dirgo August 2019 Signature Page The thesis of Dannon Dirgo is approved: _________________________________ _______________ Kelsha Anderson Date _________________________________ _______________ Dr. Erin Bray Date _________________________________ _______________ Dr. Amalie J Orme, Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii Acknowledgments My sincere gratitude to Dr. Amalie Orme, my advisor, for intellectual support, guidance, and encouragement during my research and completion of this thesis. Many thanks to Kelsha Anderson USFS Angeles National Forest and Dr. Erin Bray, my committee members, for intellectual discussions, advice, and assistance in completing this thesis. A special thank you to Jamie Seguerra for her friendship, humor and unwavering assistance in the field and lab. With much appreciation and thanks to Jeremy Lorenzen and Chris Notto for their assistance and dedication in the field. Thank you to Mony Sea and Luis Devera for their integrated assistance. I am grateful to the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies and the Geomatics Group, California State University Northridge for providing me with the equipment and software needed to complete this project. A special thank you to the Wind Wolves Conservancy and their dedicated staff for granting access to such a beautiful and complex study area. With the utmost appreciation for my two children for their support and encouragement during this personal and intellectual endeavor. iii Table of Contents Signature Page ........................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents..................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... vii Abstract........................................................................................................................................................ x Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Significance of the Research ..................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Location ........................................................................................................................................... 3 1.6 Climate ............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.7 Geology ........................................................................................................................................... 6 1.8 Hydrology ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.9 Vegetation .................................................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 2: Scientific Background and Previous Work ............................................................... 12 2.1 Channel Morphology ................................................................................................................ 12 2.2 Knickzones .................................................................................................................................. 13 2.3 Sediment ....................................................................................................................................... 14 2.4 Landscape Connectivity .......................................................................................................... 14 2.5 Tectonics ...................................................................................................................................... 15 2.6 Modeling ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 3: Physical Setting ................................................................................................................. 17 3.1 Landscape .................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Anthropomorphic Influence ................................................................................................... 23 Chapter 4: Methods ............................................................................................................................... 25 4.1 Methodological Design ............................................................................................................ 25 4.1.1 Critical Areas Experiencing Accelerated Hillslope and Channel Erosion ........ 25 4.1.2 Determination of the Reaches ........................................................................................ 26 Reach A: ......................................................................................................................................... 26 Reach B: .......................................................................................................................................... 26 Reach D: ......................................................................................................................................... 27 4.1.3 Determination of Channel Geomorphic Changes .................................................... 27 4.1.3 Dynamic Channel Changes (channel flow) ............................................................... 29 4.1.4 Longitudinal Profile Measurements ............................................................................. 30 4.1.5 Sediment Size and Distribution ..................................................................................... 32 iv 4.2 Developing a Map ..................................................................................................................... 35 4.3 Determining Knickpoint Locations ...................................................................................... 35 4.4 Identifying a source for bed material ................................................................................... 36 4.5 Distribution of bed load ........................................................................................................... 36 Chapter 5: Data Presentation .............................................................................................................. 39 5.1 Drone Imagery ............................................................................................................................ 39 5.1.2 Reach A ................................................................................................................................ 39 5.1.3 Reach B ................................................................................................................................ 42 5.1.4 Reach D ................................................................................................................................ 46 5.2 Cross Section Profiles .............................................................................................................. 50 5.2.2 Reach B ................................................................................................................................ 58 5.2.3 Reach D ................................................................................................................................ 64 5.3 Longitudinal Profiles ................................................................................................................ 72 5.3.1 Reach A .......................................................................................................................... 72 5.3.2 Reach B ................................................................................................................................ 73 5.3.3 Reach D ................................................................................................................................ 74 5.4 Wolman Pebble Counts ........................................................................................................... 75 5.4.1 Reach A ................................................................................................................................ 75 5.4.2 Reach B ...............................................................................................................................
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