DOCSLIB.ORG

Settlement Typologies of Towns in India: a Historical Perspective

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Settlement Typologies of Towns in India: a Historical Perspective 4-5 Oct 2014 2nd Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives Introduction Settlement Typologies of Towns in India: This study attempts to explore A Historical Perspective settlement typologies of towns in India primarily based on book titled ‘Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth- A Milap Punia, Ph.D., M.Tech., P.M. (ITC) Historical Census’ by Tertius Chandler. Professor Chandler. Centre for the Study of Regional Development Why GIS? Growing significance of Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 space, spatiality, location, and place [email protected] in social science research. October 5, 2014 Agra Ludhiana Chandernagore Ajmer Madras Chandragiri Allahabad Madurai Chapra Amritsar Maheshwar Chitor Amroha Mahoba Cossimbazar Patan Mandu Dacca Arcot Mansura Daulatabad Aurangabad Meerut Dui Pre-Colonial Bangalore Mirzapur Dorasamudra Bareilly Moradabad Ellora Bellary Multan Gangaikondapuram Belur Murshidabad Gargaon Bhagalpur Mysore Hooghly Bharatpur Nagpur Ikkeri Bijapur Pandua Jullundur Mumbai Patna Kalinjar The characteristic socio-economic milleau of pre Burhanpur Penukonda Kamatapur Calcutta Peshawar Kanauj Kanpur Raichur Kanchi colonial India was essentially feudal and its village Chanderi Rajahmundry Kayal Chunar Rajmahal Lakkundi economy as being isolated and self-sufficient. Cochin Rampur Malkhed Cuttack Rangpur Masulipatam Delhi Satara Monghyr Dhar Shahjahanpur Muttra Farrukhabad Sira Nadiya Fatehpur Sikri Srinagar Negapatam This implies that during the medieval period spatial Faizabad Surat Pondichery Gaur Udaipur Poona interlinkages between the different segments of the Gaya Ujjain Puni Goa Badami Quilon Golconda Vellore Satgaon space economy must have been established to a Gorakhpur Warangal Seringapatam Gulbarga Ahmedabad Somnath considerable degree. These interlinages were the Gwalior Ahmednagar Songarh Hyderabad Amber Tamralipti prime factors which determined the structure of urban Indore Baglan Tanjore Jaipur Baroda Tatta Jammu Bednur Thana settlements. Jaunpur Benares Thaneswar Jhansi Bezwada Trichinopoly Jodhpur Bhimavarman Vijayanagar Kalyan Bihar Navanagar In Akbars empire there were 120 big cities and 3,200 townships (qasba), each having under Khajuraho Broach Mizaffarpur Kolar Calicut it from a hundred to a thousand villages. Tabaqat-I Akbari, III, pp.545-46 cited in I. Habib Lahore Cambay Lucknow Chanda (1963), ‘Agrarian System of Moghul India’.p.75 1 4-5 Oct 2014 2nd Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives Agra Ludhiana Chandernagore Ajmer Madras Chandragiri Allahabad Madurai Chapra Amritsar Maheshwar Chitor Amroha Mahoba Cossimbazar Patan Mandu Dacca Arcot Mansura Daulatabad (Pre)-Colonial Aurangabad Meerut Dui Bangalore Mirzapur Dorasamudra Bareilly Moradabad Ellora Bellary Multan Gangaikondapuram Belur Murshidabad Gargaon It has been estimated that the level of urbanisation in Bhagalpur Mysore Hooghly Bharatpur Nagpur Ikkeri th Bijapur Pandua Jullundur India was higher at the end of the 17 century that at Mumbai Patna Kalinjar th Burhanpur Penukonda Kamatapur the end of the 19 #. Calcutta Peshawar Kanauj Kanpur Raichur Kanchi Chanderi Rajahmundry Kayal Chunar Rajmahal Lakkundi Cochin Rampur Malkhed Cuttack Rangpur Masulipatam Because of changed composition as well as channels Delhi Satara Monghyr Dhar Shahjahanpur Muttra of trade, the traditional routes and the medieval inter- Farrukhabad Sira Nadiya Fatehpur Sikri Srinagar Negapatam Faizabad Surat Pondichery settlement linkages were replaced by a system that Gaur Udaipur Poona Gaya Ujjain Puni focused on the port towns. Thus, indigenous Goa Badami Quilon Golconda Vellore Satgaon Gorakhpur Warangal Seringapatam transport system was integrated with these new Gulbarga Ahmedabad Somnath Gwalior Ahmednagar Songarh transport routes wherever required. Hyderabad Amber Tamralipti Indore Baglan Tanjore Jaipur Baroda Tatta # Habib notes that “ few data that we have suggest a very high ratio of urban to the total Jammu Bednur Thana Jaunpur Benares Thaneswar population of the country; and from what we know of the great depopulation of the towns in Jhansi Bezwada Trichinopoly Jodhpur th Bhimavarman Vijayanagar the 19 century, it is unlikely that this ratio was exceeded till very recent times.” Habib Kalyan Bihar Navanagar Khajuraho Broach Mizaffarpur (1963), op.cit., p.76 Kolar Calicut Lahore Cambay Lucknow Chanda 2 4-5 Oct 2014 2nd Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives Hoffman, L. (1948) India: Main Population Concentrations, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 111, No. 1/3, pp. 89-100. Khajurho Mahoba Amroha Kalinjar Moradabad Chanderi Farrukhabad Jhansi Bareilly Baglan Jameshedpur Dhanbad Asansol Ranchi Bijapur Badami Lakkundi Bellary Gulberga Raichur Dorasamundra Malkhed 3 4-5 Oct 2014 2nd Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives Occupational Structure Jamwa Ramgarh, Jaipur Occupation ST SC OBC Gen Total Cultivators 6.9 4.1 16.2 3.3 7.7 80.0 70.7 Agricultural Labour 10.3 4.1 9.1 0.0 5.4 59.0 60.0 Casual Labour 17.2 30.6 19.2 3.3 21.1 40.0 Private Job 17.2 12.9 11.1 24.6 14.9 22.8 17.0 15.5 Government Job 6.9 16.3 7.1 36.1 16.4 20.0 9.4 2.9 2.8 Own Account Worker 41.4 32.0 37.4 32.8 34.5 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Cultivators Agri. Labour HH Manufac. Others 2011 2001 Source: Primary Survey, 2012 In 2011, there are 3 cities with Pop. > 10 million and 53 cities pop.> 1 million. The top ten cities are estimated to produce about 15 % of the GDP, with 8% of the pop. and just 0.1 % of the total area. Number of Settlements 1991 2001 2011 Pradhan, K. (2013) Unacknowledged Urbanisation, New Census Towns of India, Urban 3,351 5,161 7935 Economic and Political Weekly, 98(36), pp.43-51 4 4-5 Oct 2014 2nd Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives UA Economics: justification embedded in the socio-economic dynamics of the Darruheda-Bhiwadi UR region Continuum And social transformat ions in sub- urban Darruheda -Bhiwadi (Spatial Planning, Trickle down !! and advantage Sriram of Piston proximity Bhiwadi to UA!!! 5 4-5 Oct 2014 2nd Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives Contextualizing distinctive Production of Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) Spaces Project by: Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion, Ministry of Commerce & Industry Government of India Future Activities To build long term (ancient to recent/contemporary) historical geodatabase based on settlement THANK YOU footprints/extent/boundary (area) and population size. And to further understand growth associated with socio-political and economic developments. 6.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Today Farm News 25T.09.2012 P.M 26.09.2012 A.M Members of the Nilgiris District Floriculture Small Farmers Association Have Soug
    Today Farm News 25t.09.2012 P.M 26.09.2012 A.M 26.09.2012 Sep Floriculturists seek time to repay loans Members of the Nilgiris District Floriculture Small Farmers Association have sought time to repay their loans. In a memorandum submitted to the district Collector, president of the association N. Viswanathan and secretary N. Krishnamurthy, pointed out that due to various reasons about 500 flower growers have been affected and they are finding it difficult to repay their loans. They have been seeking relief from the government for the past three years. Since one of the major contributory factors for the floriculturists being pushed into a corner is the poor quality of the planting materials, the government has evolved a scheme to produce such materials in the Nilgiris itself with the help of the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) and the flower growers association. For this, it has set aside a sum of Rs. 1.80 crore. Expressing confidence that when the distribution of planting materials commences under the scheme, things will start looking up for the floriculturists, they urged the administration to espouse their cause and get them one year’s time to repay loans. Until then the banks should put on hold measures to recover loans. 26.09.2012 Sep Amend crop insurance scheme Congress leader B. Shivaram said here on Tuesday that the crop insurance scheme needs to be amended to protect the interests of farmers. The relief paid to farmers was meagre compared to the premium they pay, he said at a press conference here.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage of Mysore Division
    HERITAGE OF MYSORE DIVISION - Mysore, Mandya, Hassan, Chickmagalur, Kodagu, Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Chamarajanagar Districts. Prepared by: Dr. J.V.Gayathri, Deputy Director, Arcaheology, Museums and Heritage Department, Palace Complex, Mysore 570 001. Phone:0821-2424671. The rule of Kadambas, the Chalukyas, Gangas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagar rulers, the Bahamanis of Gulbarga and Bidar, Adilshahis of Bijapur, Mysore Wodeyars, the Keladi rulers, Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan and the rule of British Commissioners have left behind Forts, Magnificient Palaces, Temples, Mosques, Churches and beautiful works of art and architecture in Karnataka. The fauna and flora, the National parks, the animal and bird sanctuaries provide a sight of wild animals like elephants, tigers, bisons, deers, black bucks, peacocks and many species in their natural habitat. A rich variety of flora like: aromatic sandalwood, pipal and banyan trees are abundantly available in the State. The river Cauvery, Tunga, Krishna, Kapila – enrich the soil of the land and contribute to the State’s agricultural prosperity. The water falls created by the rivers are a feast to the eyes of the outlookers. Historical bakground: Karnataka is a land with rich historical past. It has many pre-historic sites and most of them are in the river valleys. The pre-historic culture of Karnataka is quite distinct from the pre- historic culture of North India, which may be compared with that existed in Africa. 1 Parts of Karnataka were subject to the rule of the Nandas, Mauryas and the Shatavahanas; Chandragupta Maurya (either Chandragupta I or Sannati Chandragupta Asoka’s grandson) is believed to have visited Sravanabelagola and spent his last years in this place.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER II HISTORY Palaeolithic Remains Found In
    , CHAPTER II HISTORY Prehistory pALAEOLITHIC remains found in the district have disclosed that man was resident in the area in those early times. In 1881, two early stone-age tools were discovered in a 'shingle bed' at Nyamati, at a short distance from the Tungabhadra river, in Honnali taluk. They were bifacial pebble-tools made of quartzite, one with a rounded working edge and the other with a pointed working edge.I Excavations carried out in 1965 at Hallur on the· bank of the Tungabhadra just on the other side of the border in Dharwar district revealed neolithic-chalcolithic remains. There was evidence of domestication of animals and agriculture. The site is considered to be of 1800 B. Crt. Later, neolithic sites were noticed in the terraces and at the foot of a granite hill called Guddemaradi on the bank of the Tunga river near Shimoga city, at Nilaskal near Nagar in Hosanagar taluk, where a megalithic site had been found earlier, and at the Kunda hill near Agumbe in Tirthahalli taluk. At Guddemaradi, some polished stone axes, ring stones and highly micaceous greyw;.tre pottery, and at the two other sites, only greyware potsherds and micaceous greyware pottery of l\1aski fabric respectively were discovered.S Another neolithic site was uncovered at Yedegudde near Tirthahalli. Some neolithic axes came to light at two other sites, namely, Ashokanagar (a hamlet of Yedehalli) and Anaveri in Bhadravati taluk. In 1974, another neolithic site discovered at N agasamudra in the same taluk, about six kms. from Anaveri, yielded neolithic axes and pottery.
    [Show full text]
  • Government of India Ministry of Culture Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No
    1 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 97 TO BE ANSWERED ON 25.4.2016 VAISAKHA 5, 1938 (SAKA) NATIONAL HERITAGE STATUS 97. SHRI B.V.NAIK; SHRI ARJUN LAL MEENA; SHRI P. KUMAR: Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: (a) whether the Government has finalized its proposal for sending its entry for world heritage status long with the criteria to select entry for world heritage site status; (b) if so, the details thereof along with the names of temples, churches, mosques and monuments 2Iected and declared as national heritage in various States of the country, State-wise; (c) whether the Government has ignored Delhi as its official entry to UNESCO and if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor; (d) whether, some sites selected for UNESCO entry are under repair and renovation; (e) if so, the details thereof and the funds sanctioned by the Government in this regard so far, ate-wise; and (f) the action plan of the Government to attract more tourists to these sites. ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE, CULTURE AND TOURISM (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) AND MINISTER OF STATE, CIVIL AVIATION (DR. MAHESH SHARMA) (a) Yes madam. Government has finalized and submitted the proposal for “Historic City of Ahmedabad” as the entry in the cultural category of the World Heritage List for calendar year 2016-17. The proposal was submitted under cultural category under criteria II, V and VI (list of criteria in Annexure I) (b) For the proposal submitted related to Historic City of Ahmedabad submitted this year, list of nationally important monuments and those listed by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation are given in Annexure II.
    [Show full text]
  • Shimoga District Profile.Pdf
    Contents S. No. Topic Page No. 1. General Characteristics of the District 1-2 1.1 Location & Geographical Area 3 1.2 Topography 3 1.3 Availability of Minerals. 4 1.4 Forest 4 1.5 Administrative set up 4 2. District at a glance 5-6 2.1 Existing Status of Industrial Area in the District 7 3. Industrial Scenario of Shimoga District 8 3.1 Industry at a Glance 8 3.2 Year Wise Trend of Units Registered 8 3.3 Details of Existing Micro & Small Enterprises & Artisan Units 9 in the District 3.4 Large Scale Industries / Public Sector undertakings 10 3.5 Major Exportable Item 10 3.6 Growth Trend 10 3.7 Vendorisation / Ancillarisation of the Industry 10 3.8 Medium Scale Enterprises 11 3.9 Service Enterprises 11 3.9.1 Potentials areas for service industry 11 3.9.2 Service Enterprises having scope in Shimoga district. 11 3.10 Potential for new MSMEs 11-12 4. Existing Clusters of Micro & Small Enterprise 12 4.1 Details of Major Clusters 12 4.1.1 Manufacturing Sector 12 4.1.2 Service Sector 12 4.2 Details of Identified cluster 12 4.1.2 Service Sector 12 5. General issues raised by industry association during the course of 15 meeting 6. Steps to set up MSME 16 Brief Industrial Profile of District 1. General Characteristics of the District: Shimoga, the district head quarter, as per traditional derivations, the name pertains to Lord Shiva (‘Shiva – Mukha’ – Face of Shiva, “Shivana – Mogu’ – Nose of Shiva, ‘Shivana – Mogge’ – Buds of flowers meant for Shiva).
    [Show full text]
  • Gandaberunda: Aesthetic Representation of the Mythical Bird
    International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8, Issue- 7C2, May 2019 Gandaberunda: Aesthetic Representation of the Mythical Bird Gomathi Gowda passage to the left of the figure. It may be mentioned that the Abstract— Indian Art is predominantly decorative in donor, Bhaktiraja, enjoyed the title Gaṇḍabheruṇḍa. Mostly character and birds occupy an important position in plastic and confined to Andhra, it is noticed in the same form in the pictorial representation. Birds such as the Garuda, Peacock and Tripurantakam (Kurnool district) inscription (saka 1310) of others are connected with important mythological stories and in Annadeva, Vinukonda (district Guntur) inscription (Saka the stories of Jataka, most other birds are carved, painted as an integral part of the design. 1377). (Sarkar. H and Pande B.M 1999: 75) Of the mythical birds, Garuda, the vehicle of Vishnu, is The Gaṇḍabheruṇḍa had strange associations and scholars well-represented in medieval records. In south, another kind of have suggested various origins of it. Marshall contended that mythical bird is noticed in the inscription known as this double-headed eagle occurs for the first time in the gaṇḍabheruṇḍa. In Sanskrit the word bheruṇḍa means terrific, Hittite sculptures in Western Asia, that it is also found on an frightful, terrible, a species of bird while gaṇḍa is understood to early ivory of the Geometric period from Sparta and that later imply a warrior or hero. The term gaṇḍabheruṇḍa was adopted on the Scythians introduced it to taxila (Taksasila). From as a title by the Chalukyas, Kadambas and the Vijayanagara rulers.
    [Show full text]
  • Division Wise Number of Protected Monuments and Archaeological Sites in Karnataka
    Division wise Number of protected Monuments and Archaeological Sites in Karnataka State ASI Total Protected S. No Division Monument / Sites Monument / Sites Monuments S. No S. No S. No Total TO % Total TO % Total TO % 1 Bangalore 105 12.44 63 10.34 168 11.56 2 Belgaum 365 43.25 311 51.07 676 46.52 3 249 29.50 164 26.93 413 28.42 Kalgurugi 4 125 14.81 71 11.66 196 13.51 Mysore Total 844 100.00 609 100.00 1453 100.00 Division wise Number of protected Monuments and Archaeological Sites in Karnataka Bangalore Division Serial Per Total No. of Overall pre- Name of the District Number Total No. of cent Per protected protected ASI Total No. of Monument / Sites cent % Monument / protected Monument / Sites % Sites monuments 1 Bangalore City 7 2 9 2 Bangalore Rural 9 5 14 3 Chitradurga 8 6 14 4 Davangere 8 9 17 5 Kolara 15 6 21 6 Shimoga 12 26 38 7 Tumkur 29 6 35 8 Chikkaballapur 4 2 6 9 Ramanagara 13 1 14 Total 105 12.44 63 10.34 168 11.56 Division wise Number of protected Monuments and Archaeological Sites in Karnataka Belgaum Division Total No. of Overall pre- Serial Per Name of the District Total No. of Per protected protected Number cent ASI Total No. of Monument / Sites cent % Monument / protected % Monument / Sites Sites monuments 10 Bagalkot 22 110 132 11 Belgaum 58 38 96 12 Vijayapura 45 96 141 13 Dharwad 27 6 33 14 Gadag 44 14 58 15 Haveri 118 12 130 16 Uttara Kannada 51 35 86 Total 365 43.25 311 51.07 676 46.52 Division wise Number of protected Monuments and Archaeological Sites in Karnataka Kalburagi Division Serial Per Total protected
    [Show full text]
  • Keladi Coinage
    ISSN 2394-9694 International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences Vol. 4, Issue 6, pp: (20-22), Month: November-December 2017, Available at: www.noveltyjournals.com Keladi Coinage 1Saranaz, 2Choodamani Nandagopal 1Research Scholar, Department of History, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 2Hon. Professor, Department of History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Abstract: Coinage System is a representation of a ruler that signifies a particular characteristic. The Keladi Kingdom, though is a great Dynasty Karnataka, recognized the nominal sovereignty of the Hindu Kingdom in whose service rulers had risen to such a great power. They gave more importance for the Coinage and also gave importance to improve the National Kingdom. Keywords: Varaha, Gadyana, Homu, darnahanamupogaadda, kasu, Coinage, Varaha, tankasale, Muhamadan. 1. INTRODUCTION The Nayakas of Keladi who grew into a powerful kingdom after the downfall of the Vijayanagara kingdom, Keladi kingdom has been decided way than others Hayavadhana Rao, Lakshminarayana Rao, E.M. Alvares and K.D Swaminathan have written their own and different perspectives of the Keladi kingdom. The work on the Keladi polity by K.N Chitnas is a recent / latest work on this kingdom and reviews in detail the administrative steps of the Nayakas of Keladi this work contains some information on the coinage of the Keladi Nayakas this work is immensely helpful while data collection of the research. The Keladi Nayakas followed the Vijayanagara system of coinage with minor innovations. We can come to know Varaha, Gadyana, Homu, darnahanamupogaadda hog abele visa arevisa and kasu were the names of the different coins of the Keladi period by studying the inscriptions (Karnataka inscriptions Vol.1: 9).
    [Show full text]
  • ANSWERED ON:08.08.2016 Development of Places of Cultural Importance Yeddyurappa Shri B
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CULTURE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO:318 ANSWERED ON:08.08.2016 Development of Places of Cultural Importance Yeddyurappa Shri B. S. Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: (a) whether the Government proposes to formulate any scheme for the development and maintenance of places of cultural importance in the country; (b) if so, the details thereof including the details of places of cultural importance identified in the State of Karnataka; (c) if not, the reasons therefor; and (d) the action taken/proposed to be taken by the Government for the development of such places? Answer MINISTER OF STATE, CULTURE AND TOURISM (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) (DR. MAHESH SHARMA) (a)to(d) A statement is laid on the table of the House. STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) TO (d) OF THE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION No.318 FOR 08.08.2016. (a ) to (d) Madam, development and maintenance of places of cultural importance, including centrally protected monuments, under Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an ongoing process. Adequate funds are provided for conservation, development and maintenance of protected monuments. The details of protected monuments of ASI in Karnataka are given in annexure. The essential conservation/development works of protected monuments are attended regularly as per the availability of resources and requirements of different sites and they are in a good state of preservation. In addition on sanction of additional funds, conservation works of other monuments of cultural significance are also taken up. Annexure ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) TO (d) OF THE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Government of India Ministry of Culture Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No.1363 to Be Answered on 1.7.2019 Centrally Protected M
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1363 TO BE ANSWERED ON 1.7.2019 CENTRALLY PROTECTED MONUMENTS IN KARNATAKA 1363. SHRI NALIN KUMAR KATEEL: Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: (a) the name and number of forts and other Centrally protected monuments which have been declared as of national importance in Karnataka, Circle-wise; (b) the amount allocated to the State by the Government for the maintenance of these sites during the last three years and the amount utilized by them out of it along with the details thereof; and (c) the number of new monuments and sites under consideration of Government to be declared as Centrally protected monuments along with the details thereof? ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR CULTURE AND TOURISM (PRAHLAD SINGH PATEL) (a) The Circle-wise list of 506 monuments/sites as of national importance maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India in Karnataka is as under: Name of Circle Number of Forts Monuments/ Total sites other than forts Bangalore Circle 12 121 133 Dharwad Circle 15 283 298 Hampi Mini Circle 2 73 75 Gross Total 506 The detailed list of centrally protected monuments/sites including forts in Karnataka is at Annexure. (b) The funds allocated and expenditure incurred during the last three years for conservation of protected monuments/sites declared as of national importance in Karnataka (Circle-wise) is as under: (Amount in Lakhs) Name of Circle 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 Bangalore Allocation 1010.00 1056.90 985.00 Expenditure 1009.50 1056.89 985.00 Hampi Allocation 800.32 660.00 535.00 Expenditure 800.31 660.00 519.04 Dharwad Allocation 517.00 598.00 640.00 Expenditure 516.98 597.99 639.97 1 (c) Archaeological Survey of India has no proposal at present for consideration for declaring it centrally protected monument.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Sarsubha Karnatak
    CHAPTER 1 SARSUBHA KARNATAK The history of Marathas in South India can be traced back as early as 17"^ century when Shahjiraje carried an expeditions into Karnatak in 1637 against the Nayakas of Ikkeri on behalf of Adilshahi rulers which was followed by another expedition in the next year. He brought under his control places like Kolar, Hoskote, Chikka Ballapur and Dodda Ballapur, Chikka Nayakan Halli, Kanak Giri etc. Shahjiraje practically founded a Maratha principality in Banglore. He took active part in Karnatak politics till his death in 1664. The Maratha incursions in Karnatak continued during the period of Shi\aji Maharaj. He attacked Hubli in 1664. Basrur in 1665; in 1675 he conquered Ankola. Gokama etc. Shivaji Maharaj collected the tribute from Rani Chennamaji during this period. In 1677 Shivaji Maharaj led an expedition into Karnatak. The aim of his expedition was political as well as economc. He conquered Jinji. Vellore, Arni, Kolar. Dodda Ballapur. Chikka Ballapur. Sira and left them in charge of Rango Narayan and Manaji More. Prior to his Southern campaign he had conquered some parts of north Karnatak like Ramdurg. Nargund and surrounding area. He created an independent administrative unit of the newly conquered territories called Prant Karnatak. Shivaji Maharaj appointed Harjiraje Mahadik as Subhedar of Karnatak. He appointed Ramchandra Pant Amatya as a overall in charge of Prant Karnatak. Sambhaji Maharaj led two expeditions in Karnatak: first in 1682 and second in 1686. He sent his brother in law. Harjiraje Mahadik to take charge of .linji and the responsibility of Karnatak was entrusted to him.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY Geographically Located on the South Western Part of South India, Karnataka Has Abundant Natural Resources
    Chapter II HISTORY Geographically located on the south western part of South India, Karnataka has abundant natural resources. Its western ghats with rich forest resources, and plain valleys, is crowned with more prosperous narrow coast line. Its Mangalore Newport has enhanced its value in terms of international trade with rich foreign exchange. Above all, it has rich cultural tradition and puranic legends of historical importance. Pre History : Karnataka has a hoary past. It is blessed with innumerable inscriptions, memorial (viz. Hero, Mahasati and Self immolation) stones and monuments of rich historical and cultural heritage. It has many sites of Pre- historic period and most of them are found scattered on the river valleys of Krishna, Bhima, Malaprabha, Ghataprabha, Cauvery, Hemavathi, Shimsha, Tungabhadra, Manjra, Pennar, Netravati etc. and their tributaries. It is very interesting to note that the Pre-historic studies in India started with the discovery of ashmounds at Kupgal and Kudatini in 1836 by Cuebold, a British offcer in Bellary region, which then formed part of Madras Presidency. Subsequent discoveries have revealed the existence of stone age man with innumerable Pre-historic sites in Karnataka. The Pre-historic culture of Karnataka viz., the Hand-axe culture, compares favourably with the one that existed in Africa and is quite distinct from the Pre-historic culture of North India. Places like Hunasagi, Gulbal, Kaladevanahalli, Tegginahalli, Budihal, Piklihal, Kibbanahalli, Nittur, Anagavadi, Kaladgi, Khyad, Nyamati, Balehonnur and Uppinangadi (Lower Palaeolithic) ; Herakal, Tamminahal, Savalgi, Salvadgi, Menasagi, Pattadakal, Vajjala, Naravi and Talakad (Middle Palaeolithic); Kovalli, Ingaleshvara, Yadwad and Maralabhavi (Upper Palaeolithic); Begaumpur, Vanamapurahalli, Hingani, Ingaleshwara, Tamminahal, Sringeri, Jalahalli, Kibbanahalli, Sanganakal, Brahmagiri, Uppinangadi, Mani and Doddaguni (Mesolithic); Maski, T.
    [Show full text]