4-5 Oct 2014 2nd Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives Introduction Settlement Typologies of Towns in India: This study attempts to explore A Historical Perspective settlement typologies of towns in India primarily based on book titled ‘Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth- A Milap Punia, Ph.D., M.Tech., P.M. (ITC) Historical Census’ by Tertius Chandler. Professor Chandler. Centre for the Study of Regional Development Why GIS? Growing significance of Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 space, spatiality, location, and place [email protected] in social science research. October 5, 2014 Agra Ludhiana Chandernagore Ajmer Madras Chandragiri Allahabad Madurai Chapra Amritsar Maheshwar Chitor Amroha Mahoba Cossimbazar Patan Mandu Dacca Arcot Mansura Daulatabad Aurangabad Meerut Dui Pre-Colonial Bangalore Mirzapur Dorasamudra Bareilly Moradabad Ellora Bellary Multan Gangaikondapuram Belur Murshidabad Gargaon Bhagalpur Mysore Hooghly Bharatpur Nagpur Ikkeri Bijapur Pandua Jullundur Mumbai Patna Kalinjar The characteristic socio-economic milleau of pre Burhanpur Penukonda Kamatapur Calcutta Peshawar Kanauj Kanpur Raichur Kanchi colonial India was essentially feudal and its village Chanderi Rajahmundry Kayal Chunar Rajmahal Lakkundi economy as being isolated and self-sufficient. Cochin Rampur Malkhed Cuttack Rangpur Masulipatam Delhi Satara Monghyr Dhar Shahjahanpur Muttra Farrukhabad Sira Nadiya Fatehpur Sikri Srinagar Negapatam This implies that during the medieval period spatial Faizabad Surat Pondichery Gaur Udaipur Poona interlinkages between the different segments of the Gaya Ujjain Puni Goa Badami Quilon Golconda Vellore Satgaon space economy must have been established to a Gorakhpur Warangal Seringapatam Gulbarga Ahmedabad Somnath considerable degree. These interlinages were the Gwalior Ahmednagar Songarh Hyderabad Amber Tamralipti prime factors which determined the structure of urban Indore Baglan Tanjore Jaipur Baroda Tatta Jammu Bednur Thana settlements. Jaunpur Benares Thaneswar Jhansi Bezwada Trichinopoly Jodhpur Bhimavarman Vijayanagar Kalyan Bihar Navanagar In Akbars empire there were 120 big cities and 3,200 townships (qasba), each having under Khajuraho Broach Mizaffarpur Kolar Calicut it from a hundred to a thousand villages. Tabaqat-I Akbari, III, pp.545-46 cited in I. Habib Lahore Cambay Lucknow Chanda (1963), ‘Agrarian System of Moghul India’.p.75 1 4-5 Oct 2014 2nd Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives Agra Ludhiana Chandernagore Ajmer Madras Chandragiri Allahabad Madurai Chapra Amritsar Maheshwar Chitor Amroha Mahoba Cossimbazar Patan Mandu Dacca Arcot Mansura Daulatabad (Pre)-Colonial Aurangabad Meerut Dui Bangalore Mirzapur Dorasamudra Bareilly Moradabad Ellora Bellary Multan Gangaikondapuram Belur Murshidabad Gargaon It has been estimated that the level of urbanisation in Bhagalpur Mysore Hooghly Bharatpur Nagpur Ikkeri th Bijapur Pandua Jullundur India was higher at the end of the 17 century that at Mumbai Patna Kalinjar th Burhanpur Penukonda Kamatapur the end of the 19 #. Calcutta Peshawar Kanauj Kanpur Raichur Kanchi Chanderi Rajahmundry Kayal Chunar Rajmahal Lakkundi Cochin Rampur Malkhed Cuttack Rangpur Masulipatam Because of changed composition as well as channels Delhi Satara Monghyr Dhar Shahjahanpur Muttra of trade, the traditional routes and the medieval inter- Farrukhabad Sira Nadiya Fatehpur Sikri Srinagar Negapatam Faizabad Surat Pondichery settlement linkages were replaced by a system that Gaur Udaipur Poona Gaya Ujjain Puni focused on the port towns. Thus, indigenous Goa Badami Quilon Golconda Vellore Satgaon Gorakhpur Warangal Seringapatam transport system was integrated with these new Gulbarga Ahmedabad Somnath Gwalior Ahmednagar Songarh transport routes wherever required. Hyderabad Amber Tamralipti Indore Baglan Tanjore Jaipur Baroda Tatta # Habib notes that “ few data that we have suggest a very high ratio of urban to the total Jammu Bednur Thana Jaunpur Benares Thaneswar population of the country; and from what we know of the great depopulation of the towns in Jhansi Bezwada Trichinopoly Jodhpur th Bhimavarman Vijayanagar the 19 century, it is unlikely that this ratio was exceeded till very recent times.” Habib Kalyan Bihar Navanagar Khajuraho Broach Mizaffarpur (1963), op.cit., p.76 Kolar Calicut Lahore Cambay Lucknow Chanda 2 4-5 Oct 2014 2nd Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives Hoffman, L. (1948) India: Main Population Concentrations, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 111, No. 1/3, pp. 89-100. Khajurho Mahoba Amroha Kalinjar Moradabad Chanderi Farrukhabad Jhansi Bareilly Baglan Jameshedpur Dhanbad Asansol Ranchi Bijapur Badami Lakkundi Bellary Gulberga Raichur Dorasamundra Malkhed 3 4-5 Oct 2014 2nd Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives Occupational Structure Jamwa Ramgarh, Jaipur Occupation ST SC OBC Gen Total Cultivators 6.9 4.1 16.2 3.3 7.7 80.0 70.7 Agricultural Labour 10.3 4.1 9.1 0.0 5.4 59.0 60.0 Casual Labour 17.2 30.6 19.2 3.3 21.1 40.0 Private Job 17.2 12.9 11.1 24.6 14.9 22.8 17.0 15.5 Government Job 6.9 16.3 7.1 36.1 16.4 20.0 9.4 2.9 2.8 Own Account Worker 41.4 32.0 37.4 32.8 34.5 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Cultivators Agri. Labour HH Manufac. Others 2011 2001 Source: Primary Survey, 2012 In 2011, there are 3 cities with Pop. > 10 million and 53 cities pop.> 1 million. The top ten cities are estimated to produce about 15 % of the GDP, with 8% of the pop. and just 0.1 % of the total area. Number of Settlements 1991 2001 2011 Pradhan, K. (2013) Unacknowledged Urbanisation, New Census Towns of India, Urban 3,351 5,161 7935 Economic and Political Weekly, 98(36), pp.43-51 4 4-5 Oct 2014 2nd Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives UA Economics: justification embedded in the socio-economic dynamics of the Darruheda-Bhiwadi UR region Continuum And social transformat ions in sub- urban Darruheda -Bhiwadi (Spatial Planning, Trickle down !! and advantage Sriram of Piston proximity Bhiwadi to UA!!! 5 4-5 Oct 2014 2nd Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives Contextualizing distinctive Production of Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) Spaces Project by: Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion, Ministry of Commerce & Industry Government of India Future Activities To build long term (ancient to recent/contemporary) historical geodatabase based on settlement THANK YOU footprints/extent/boundary (area) and population size. And to further understand growth associated with socio-political and economic developments. 6.