Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2020) Revision 7 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes
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Drug & Alcohol Testing Program
Pottawattmie County Drug & Alcohol Testing Program Appendix A Table of Contents POLICY STATEMENT ...................................................................................................................................... 3 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 EDUCATION AND TRAINING .......................................................................................................................... 4 DESIGNATED EMPLOYER REPRESENTATIVE (DER): ....................................................................................... 5 DUTY TO COOPERATE ................................................................................................................................... 5 EMPLOYEE ADMISSION OF ALCOHOL AND CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE USE: (49 CFR Part 382.121) ... 6 PROHIBITED DRUGS AND ILLEGALLY USED CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES: ..................................................... 7 PROHIBITED BEHAVIOR AND CONDUCT: ...................................................................................................... 8 DRUG & ALCOHOL TESTING REQUIREMENTS (49 CFR, Part 40 & 382) ............................................... 10 DRUG & ALCOHOL TESTING CIRCUMSTANCES (49 CFR Part 40 & 382) .............................................. 12 A. Pre-Employment Testing: .................................................................................................... 12 B. Reasonable Suspicion Testing: ......................................................................................... -
Designer Drugs SUBJECT FORENSIC SCIENCE
SUBJECT FORENSIC SCIENCE Paper No. and Title PAPER No. 9: Drugs of Abuse Module No. and Title MODULE No. 17: Designer Drugs Module Tag FSC_P9_M17 FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER No. 9: Drugs of Abuse MODULE No. 17: Designer Drugs TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Learning Outcomes 2. Introduction 3. Forensic Issues 4. Classification of Designer Drugs 5. Some Notable Designer Drugs 6. Forensic Analysis of Designer Drugs 7. Summary FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER No. 9: Drugs of Abuse MODULE No. 17: Designer Drugs 1. Learning Outcomes After studying this module, you shall be able to know about: The significance of Designer Drugs Classification of Designer Drugs Forensic analysis of Designer Drugs 2. Introduction Over ages, humans fortunately discovered that certain ingested plants were a source of unique satisfying feelings, beyond satiety. Some were mildly affecting (e.g. nicotine, caffeine), others enhanced mood or altered perception, reduced pain, intoxicated, or produced euphoria (e.g. alcohol, marijuana, hallucinogens, opiates, cocaine). In the past two centuries, consumption of these psychoactive substances expanded rapidly. Decontamination of the active chemicals, distribution by manoeuvres for maximum effect and global marketing contributed to this expansion. Modern chemistry has produced a huge range of variations of these plant products, paralleled by an unprecedented level of adverse biological, behavioural, medical and social consequences. Following this phenomenon, Designer drugs are produced to be similar to, but not identical with Psychoactive Drugs that are illegal to possess or sell for human consumption, unless for medical purposes. A recurring threat to public health, the Designer Drug sub-culture has burst out over the past decade. -
Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channel ELIC Is Activated by GABA And
Pentameric ligand-gated ion channel ELIC is activated PNAS PLUS by GABA and modulated by benzodiazepines Radovan Spurnya, Joachim Ramerstorferb, Kerry Pricec, Marijke Bramsa, Margot Ernstb, Hugues Nuryd, Mark Verheije, Pierre Legrandf, Daniel Bertrandg, Sonia Bertrandg, Dennis A. Doughertyh, Iwan J. P. de Esche, Pierre-Jean Corringerd, Werner Sieghartb, Sarah C. R. Lummisc, and Chris Ulensa,1 aDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Structural Neurobiology, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; bDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Nervous System, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; cDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom; dPasteur Institute, G5 Group of Channel-Receptor, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75724 Paris, France; eDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; fSOLEIL Synchrotron, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France; gHiQScreen, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; and hCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 Edited* by Jean-Pierre Changeux, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex 15, France, and approved September 10, 2012 (received for review May 24, 2012) GABAA receptors are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels in- marized in SI Appendix, Table S1). In addition, it has been volved in fast inhibitory neurotransmission and are allosterically suggested that the GABA carboxylate group is stabilized through modulated by the anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and sedative-hypnotic electrostatic interactions with Arg residues on the principal and benzodiazepines. Here we show that the prokaryotic homolog ELIC complementary faces of the binding site (4, 7–9). For benzo- also is activated by GABA and is modulated by benzodiazepines diazepines, the individual contributions of residues in loops A–F with effects comparable to those at GABAA receptors. -
Pharmacological Treatments in Insomnia
Pharmacological treatments in insomnia Sue Wilson Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London Drugs used in insomnia Licensed for insomnia •GABA-A positive allosteric modulators •melatonin (modified release) •promethazine •diphenhydramine •doxepin (USA) Unlicensed prescribed frequently •antihistamines (and OTC) •antidepressants Sometimes prescribed drugs for psychosis Some GABA-A positive allosteric modulators Drugs acting at the GABA-A benzodiazepine receptor zopiclone zolpidem zaleplon benzodiazepines eg temazepam, lorazepam (safe in overdose, as long as no other drug involved) Drugs acting at the barbiturate/alcohol receptor chloral hydrate/chloral betaine clomethiazole (dangerous in overdose) GABA calms the brain Gamma aminobutyic acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory transmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It plays the principal role in reducing neuronal excitability and its receptors are prolific throughout the brain, in cortex, limbic system, thalamus and cerebellum sedative Increase anticonvulsant GABA anxiolytic function ataxia, memory effects Effects of GABA-A positive allosteric modulators •These drugs enhance the effect of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain •They all produce sedation, sleep promotion, ataxia, muscle relaxation, effects on memory, anticonvulsant effects •Therefore for insomnia the duration of action of the drug is important – these effects are unwanted during the day Effects of these GABA-ergic drugs on sleep EEG/PSG • Appearance of -
Calculating Equivalent Doses of Oral Benzodiazepines
Calculating equivalent doses of oral benzodiazepines Background Benzodiazepines are the most commonly used anxiolytics and hypnotics (1). There are major differences in potency between different benzodiazepines and this difference in potency is important when switching from one benzodiazepine to another (2). Benzodiazepines also differ markedly in the speed in which they are metabolised and eliminated. With repeated daily dosing accumulation occurs and high concentrations can build up in the body (mainly in fatty tissues) (2). The degree of sedation that they induce also varies, making it difficult to determine exact equivalents (3). Answer Advice on benzodiazepine conversion NB: Before using Table 1, read the notes below and the Limitations statement at the end of this document. Switching benzodiazepines may be advantageous for a variety of reasons, e.g. to a drug with a different half-life pre-discontinuation (4) or in the event of non-availability of a specific benzodiazepine. With relatively short-acting benzodiazepines such as alprazolam and lorazepam, it is not possible to achieve a smooth decline in blood and tissue concentrations during benzodiazepine withdrawal. These drugs are eliminated fairly rapidly with the result that concentrations fluctuate with peaks and troughs between each dose. It is necessary to take the tablets several times a day and many people experience a "mini-withdrawal", sometimes a craving, between each dose. For people withdrawing from these potent, short-acting drugs it has been advised that they switch to an equivalent dose of a benzodiazepine with a long half life such as diazepam (5). Diazepam is available as 2mg tablets which can be halved to give 1mg doses. -
2015 Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States Chapter 29
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2015) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes CHAPTER 29 ORGANIC CHEMICALS VI 29-1 Notes 1. Except where the context otherwise requires, the headings of this chapter apply only to: (a) Separate chemically defined organic compounds, whether or not containing impurities; (b) Mixtures of two or more isomers of the same organic compound (whether or not containing impurities), except mixtures of acyclic hydrocarbon isomers (other than stereoisomers), whether or not saturated (chapter 27); (c) The products of headings 2936 to 2939 or the sugar ethers, sugar acetals and sugar esters, and their salts, of heading 2940, or the products of heading 2941, whether or not chemically defined; (d) Products mentioned in (a), (b) or (c) above dissolved in water; (e) Products mentioned in (a), (b) or (c) above dissolved in other solvents provided that the solution constitutes a normal and necessary method of putting up these products adopted solely for reasons of safety or for transport and that the solvent does not render the product particularly suitable for specific use rather than for general use; (f) The products mentioned in (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) above with an added stabilizer (including an anticaking agent) necessary for their preservation or transport; (g) The products mentioned in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f) above with an added antidusting agent or a coloring or odoriferous substance added to facilitate their identification or for safety reasons, provided that the additions do not render the product particularly suitable for specific use rather than for general use; (h) The following products, diluted to standard strengths, for the production of azo dyes: diazonium salts, couplers used for these salts and diazotizable amines and their salts. -
Introduced B.,Byhansen, 16
LB301 LB301 2021 2021 LEGISLATURE OF NEBRASKA ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH LEGISLATURE FIRST SESSION LEGISLATIVE BILL 301 Introduced by Hansen, B., 16. Read first time January 12, 2021 Committee: Judiciary 1 A BILL FOR AN ACT relating to the Uniform Controlled Substances Act; to 2 amend sections 28-401, 28-405, and 28-416, Revised Statutes 3 Cumulative Supplement, 2020; to redefine terms; to change drug 4 schedules and adopt federal drug provisions; to change a penalty 5 provision; and to repeal the original sections. 6 Be it enacted by the people of the State of Nebraska, -1- LB301 LB301 2021 2021 1 Section 1. Section 28-401, Revised Statutes Cumulative Supplement, 2 2020, is amended to read: 3 28-401 As used in the Uniform Controlled Substances Act, unless the 4 context otherwise requires: 5 (1) Administer means to directly apply a controlled substance by 6 injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other means to the body of a 7 patient or research subject; 8 (2) Agent means an authorized person who acts on behalf of or at the 9 direction of another person but does not include a common or contract 10 carrier, public warehouse keeper, or employee of a carrier or warehouse 11 keeper; 12 (3) Administration means the Drug Enforcement Administration of the 13 United States Department of Justice; 14 (4) Controlled substance means a drug, biological, substance, or 15 immediate precursor in Schedules I through V of section 28-405. 16 Controlled substance does not include distilled spirits, wine, malt 17 beverages, tobacco, hemp, or any nonnarcotic substance if such substance 18 may, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. -
The Emergence of New Psychoactive Substance (NPS) Benzodiazepines
Issue: Ir Med J; Vol 112; No. 7; P970 The Emergence of New Psychoactive Substance (NPS) Benzodiazepines. A Survey of their Prevalence in Opioid Substitution Patients using LC-MS S. Mc Namara, S. Stokes, J. Nolan HSE National Drug Treatment Centre Abstract Benzodiazepines have a wide range of clinical uses being among the most commonly prescribed medicines globally. The EU Early Warning System on new psychoactive substances (NPS) has over recent years detected new illicit benzodiazepines in Europe’s drug market1. Additional reference standards were obtained and a multi-residue LC- MS method was developed to test for 31 benzodiazepines or metabolites in urine including some new benzodiazepines which have been classified as New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) which comprise a range of substances, including synthetic cannabinoids, opioids, cathinones and benzodiazepines not covered by international drug controls. 200 urine samples from patients attending the HSE National Drug Treatment Centre (NDTC) who are monitored on a regular basis for drug and alcohol use and which tested positive for benzodiazepine class drugs by immunoassay screening were subjected to confirmatory analysis to determine what Benzodiazepine drugs were present and to see if etizolam or other new benzodiazepines are being used in the addiction population currently. Benzodiazepine prescription and use is common in the addiction population. Of significance we found evidence of consumption of an illicit new psychoactive benzodiazepine, Etizolam. Introduction Benzodiazepines are useful in the short-term treatment of anxiety and insomnia, and in managing alcohol withdrawal. 1 According to the EMCDDA report on the misuse of benzodiazepines among high-risk opioid users in Europe1, benzodiazepines, especially when injected, can prolong the intensity and duration of opioid effects. -
House Bill No.11 (2019)
LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF IDAHO Sixty-fifth Legislature First Regular Session - 2019 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HOUSE BILL NO. 11 BY HEALTH AND WELFARE COMMITTEE 1 AN ACT 2 RELATING TO CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES; AMENDING SECTION 37-2705, IDAHO CODE, TO 3 REVISE THE LIST OF SCHEDULE I CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES; AMENDING SECTION 4 37-2709, IDAHO CODE, TO PROVIDE AN EXCLUSION AND TO MAKE A TECHNICAL 5 CORRECTION; AMENDING SECTION 37-2713, IDAHO CODE, TO REVISE THE LIST OF 6 SCHEDULE V DRUGS AND SUBSTANCES; AND DECLARING AN EMERGENCY. 7 Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Idaho: 8 SECTION 1. That Section 37-2705, Idaho Code, be, and the same is hereby 9 amended to read as follows: 10 37-2705. SCHEDULE I. (a) The controlled substances listed in this sec- 11 tion are included in schedule I. 12 (b) Any of the following opiates, including their isomers, esters, 13 ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, unless specifically 14 excepted, whenever the existence of these isomers, esters, ethers and salts 15 is possible within the specific chemical designation: 16 (1) Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(1-methyl-2-phenethyl)-4-pip- 17 eridinyl]-N-phenylacetamide); 18 (2) Acetylmethadol; 19 (3) Acetyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylac- 20 etamide); 21 (4) Allylprodine; 22 (5) Alphacetylmethadol (except levo-alphacetylmethadol also known as 23 levo-alpha-acetylmethadol, levomethadyl acetate or LAAM); 24 (6) Alphameprodine; 25 (7) Alphamethadol; 26 (8) Alpha-methylfentanyl; 27 (9) Alpha-methylthiofentanyl -
A Review of the Evidence of Use and Harms of Novel Benzodiazepines
ACMD Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs Novel Benzodiazepines A review of the evidence of use and harms of Novel Benzodiazepines April 2020 1 Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 4 2. Legal control of benzodiazepines .......................................................................................... 4 3. Benzodiazepine chemistry and pharmacology .................................................................. 6 4. Benzodiazepine misuse............................................................................................................ 7 Benzodiazepine use with opioids ................................................................................................... 9 Social harms of benzodiazepine use .......................................................................................... 10 Suicide ............................................................................................................................................. 11 5. Prevalence and harm summaries of Novel Benzodiazepines ...................................... 11 1. Flualprazolam ......................................................................................................................... 11 2. Norfludiazepam ....................................................................................................................... 13 3. Flunitrazolam .......................................................................................................................... -
Chloral Hydrate: Summary Report
Chloral Hydrate: Summary Report Item Type Report Authors Yuen, Melissa V.; Gianturco, Stephanie L.; Pavlech, Laura L.; Storm, Kathena D.; Yoon, SeJeong; Mattingly, Ashlee N. Publication Date 2020-02 Keywords Compounding; Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, Section 503B; Food and Drug Administration; Outsourcing facility; Drug compounding; Legislation, Drug; United States Food and Drug Administration; Chloral Hydrate Rights Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Download date 26/09/2021 09:06:16 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10713/12087 Summary Report Chloral Hydrate Prepared for: Food and Drug Administration Clinical use of bulk drug substances nominated for inclusion on the 503B Bulks List Grant number: 2U01FD005946 Prepared by: University of Maryland Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (M-CERSI) University of Maryland School of Pharmacy February 2020 This report was supported by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of a financial assistance award (U01FD005946) totaling $2,342,364, with 100 percent funded by the FDA/HHS. The contents are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement by, the FDA/HHS or the U.S. Government. 1 Table of Contents REVIEW OF NOMINATION ..................................................................................................... 4 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... -
Tennessee Drug Statutes (Listed in Numerical Order)
Tennessee Drug Statutes (listed in numerical order) 39-17-405. Criteria for Schedule I. • The commissioner of mental health and substance abuse services, upon the agreement of the commissioner of health, shall place a substance in Schedule I upon finding that the substance has: o (1) High potential for abuse; and o (2) No accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or lacks accepted safety for use in treatment under medical supervision. 39-17-406. Controlled substances in Schedule I. • (a) Schedule I consists of the drugs and other substances, by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or brand name designated, listed in this section. • (b) Opiates, unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, means any of the following opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation. For the purposes of subdivision (b)(34) only, the term isomer includes the optical and geometric isomers. o (1) Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(1-methyl-2-phenethyl)-4- piperidinyl]-N-phenylacetamide); o (2) Acetylmethadol; o (3) Allylprodine; o (4) Alphacetylmethadol (except levo-alphacetylmethadol also known as levo-alpha-acetylmethadol; levomethadyl acetate; or LAAM); o (5) Alphameprodine; o (6) Alphamethadol; o (7) Alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(alpha-methyl-beta-phenyl)ethyl-4- piperidyl]propionanilide; 1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-(N- propanilido)piperidine;