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Umbrales 280 Julio 2017.Indd UMBRALES - 280 - Jul. 2017 - 1 Umbrales.edu.uy (editorial): La barca en zozobra A los cuatro años de su pontifi cado, a diferencia de tiempos pasados en los que se priorizaban la doctrina, la moral y la disciplina eclesiástica, el papa Francisco ha intentado salir de los problemas internos de la Iglesia para lanzarla a la misión hacia afuera. Sus prioridades son la evangelización, la opción por los pobres y la pobreza, la denuncia de un modelo socio-económico inicuo, la paz, la defensa del ambiente, la reconciliación entre cristianos, la cultura del encuentro con religiones y culturas. Pero en el campo de la reforma de la Iglesia auspiciada por el Concilio ha encontrado mucha resistencia, y no a nivel popular sino de eminentes autoridades de la Iglesia, de movimientos conservadores y medios de comunicación que añoran el pasado y practican persistentes ataques al Papa. Los relevos de los cardenales George Pell y Gerhard Muller demuestran que el Papa sigue con coherencia, si bien con difi cultades crecientes y en medio de escándalos, su lucha por la transparencia económica y la reforma de la curia vaticana; por una Iglesia más abierta, dialogante y sensible a los sufrimientos de la gente. Muchas veces la sed de poder y la corrupción se instalan también en la Iglesia. Este Papa no piensa fomentar el poder de Roma sino la unión de los cristianos, ni el poder del Papa sino la sinodalidad de las Iglesias locales, ni el clericalismo sino el protagonismo de los laicos y en especial de las mujeres, ni las condenas, sino el diálogo. Los problemas en la Iglesia se originan sobre todo en quienes, más papistas que el Papa, se niegan a dejar el poder y se creen los defensores de la verdad, de la moral y de Dios. Andrea Riccardi, fundador de la Comunidad San Egidio de Roma asegura que “el Papa tiene mucha oposición dentro y fuera de la curia vaticana y lo sabe. Esta oposición viene de los que tienen la psicología del hermano mayor de la parábola que dice: yo estoy en casa y no quiero salir al encuentro de ese desgraciado”. Riccardi es historiador y niega que la Iglesia, a pesar de las zozobras, esté en crisis: “Si esta Iglesia ha producido este Papa, signifi ca que el Evangelio sigue vivo en ella”. El Papa además, y sobre todo, sigue siendo Pedro y tiene la misión de confi rmarnos en la fe y ser el fundamento visible de la unidad de la Iglesia. Es hora de recordarlo. Sus orientaciones son claras. Si no convencieran sus palabras, sobran los gestos. El Papa, como ha hecho con el nuevo vicario de Roma, acaba de nombrar en Milán, una arquidiócesis de 5 millones de católicos, como arzobispo no a un “príncipe de la Iglesia” sino a un simple cura, Mario Delpini, un hombre sabio y capaz que vive de forma muy pobre en una casa parroquial que comparte con curas ancianos y circula por la ciudad en bicicleta. ¿No es esta la Iglesia pobre para los pobres que desea el Papa? UMBRALES - 280 - Jul. 2017 - 2 América latina: COLOMBIA: ATAQUE AL P.GIRALDO La ONU empezó a destruir las armas entregadas por los 7 mil guerrilleros. Hubo 660 depósitos de armas censadas y controla- das por la ONU. Más de 987.800 municiones de distintos calibres ya fueron destruidas en las zonas de concentración de los guerril- leros. Se destruyeron 7.476 uni- dades de diversos tipos de ex- plosivos como minas, granadas, pólvora… Hay depósitos que todavía no se han localizado. En Méjico, a pesar de los acuer- dos de paz, son muchos los se- guidores del ex presidente Álvaro Uribe que sigue acusando a los ex guerrilleros de terroristas disfrazados y van difundiendo la desconfi anza en la población. Por otra parte van saliendo a la luz también los crímenes y atropellos a los Derechos Humanos de los policías y paramilitares, denunciados a los largo de estos años sobre todo por el CINEP (Centro de Investigación y Edu- cación Popular). Se trata de una institución fundada por los Jesuitas y al frente del Banco de Derechos Humanos y Violencia Política se encuentra desde hace años el jesuita p. Javier Giraldo. Giraldo es un sacerdote conocido internacionalmente, fue secretario para América Latina del Tri- bunal Permanente de los Pueblos y en 1998 fundó la Comisión Intercongregacional de Justicia y Paz, integrada por 45 congregaciones religiosas. Varias veces amenazado de muerte, denunció también los crímenes de los paramilitares y del ejército, entre ellos el caso, aún no resuelto, de la desaparición forzada de los 43 estudiantes de Ayotzinapa. Últimamente el ex presidente Ál- varo Uribe tildó a Giraldo de “sacerdote al servicio del terrorismo y difamador de profesión”. Otro jesuita, el p. Alejandro Agudo, fundador del CINEP y Premio Nacional de la Paz 2013 le contestó: “¿Porqué cree usted que los defensores de los Derechos Humanos no tienen derecho a defender a las víctimas? Esta es la pregunta del millón porque en general lo que hay atrás de esa actitud suya, es un millón de hectáreas o muchos millones de pesos. El derecho internacional es tam- bién para protegernos de los gobiernos que abusan de su fuerza legítima, la que está destinada a la defensa y no a la ofensa de los ciudadanos. Matar no es la solución para ningún problema”. UMBRALES - 280 - Jul. 2017 - 3 MEXICO: UNA MATANZA QUE NO TERMINA En México se sigue asesinando a sacerdotes como en ningún otro país. Ya van casi 20 en los últimos seis meses. Desde 2001, al llegar a la presidencia del país Vicente Fox hasta hoy, hubo un largo listado de víctimas que empezó con el asesinato del cardenal Juan Posadas de Guadalajara y siguió con 43 sacerdotes, 1 diácono, 4 religiosos, 9 laicos y una periodista católica. Estos datos provienen del Centro Católico Multimedial de Ciudad de México, un Observatorio relacionado con la arquidiócesis. Hace 24 años fue asesinado el cardenal Juan Posadas y todavía no hay una sentencia defi nitiva, un supuesto autor material y menos intelectual del crimen. Según el abogado Fernando Guzman que escribió un libro sobre el caso Posadas “el cardenal fue eliminado por las denuncias evangélicas que venía haciendo; hay más de 40 sermones en los que denunciaba el narcotráfi co y la protección de los carteles desde el poder. Fue un crimen de estado. El caso Posadas es emblemático de la enorme impunidad que reina en el país y de la violencia. Más de 33 asesinatos de sacerdotes en los últimos años, más de 30 homicidios de periodistas, ninguno de ellos aclarado a pesar de que sobran las fi scalías”. Por su parte el obispo Raúl Vera de Saltillo, denunció la complicidad del estado con el crimen organizado en Coahuila. Dijo: “La violencia que se vive aquí no es casualidad; es parte de la criminalidad generalizada que hay en el país. Existen condiciones estructurales en donde se ha preparado a policías y a fuerzas de elite que en diferentes momentos han colaborado claramente con el crimen organizado. La colaboración del estado es clara y se da por medio de los ataques contra la población para facilitar, a través del terror, que estos criminales hagan lo suyo. Aquí el poder se ha puesto al servicio de la criminalidad, al servicio de los carteles y personas deshonestas”. Efectivamente esta colaboración del estado con los Zeta ya ha producido 562 víctimas documentadas. CHILE: ARAUCANIA ESPERA AL PAPA En su visita a Chile del 15 al 18 de enero el Papa irá a Temuco en el sur de Chile, además de hacerse presente en Santiago e Iquique. Araucania es la zona de mayor tensión actualmente en Chile y encabeza los índices de pobreza. Las organizaciones Mapuches (unos 600 mil en Araucania) entregarán directamente al Papa un informe donde denuncian también a la Iglesia por UMBRALES - 280 - Jul. 2017 - 4 haberse alejado de la doctrina del Papa en relación a los pueblos originarios. Dicen que “para que la visita sea verdaderamente útil, el Papa debería pedir perdón a los pueblos indígenas de América como ya lo hizo el Papa Juan Pablo II y plantear un resarcimiento por los crímenes de lesa humanidad cometidos contra el pueblo Mapuche y una indemnización por el despojo territorial”. Si bien los Mapuches saben de la importancia política que puede tener la visita del Papa, no creen que después de la visita pueda cambiar algo. Para que cambie algo “tiene que cambiar la mentali- dad del empresariado de la zona y de las autoridades políticas que tienen el control de la zona”, dijo uno de sus dirigentes, Rodrigo Curipan, en relación a la devolución de las tierras y al genocidio cometido contra ellos. Expresaron el miedo de que el gobierno y la Iglesia ofi cial lo puedan encap- sular al Papa y alejarlo de estos problemas. Gabriel Salazar, conocido historiador, hablando de la visita papal a Temuco dijo: “El Papa ha de adoptar una posición favorable al pueblo Mapuche; ellos no son católicos y pueden tener una reacción dura. Chile nunca ha reconocido los derechos del pueblo Mapuche. También fueron maltratados por la Iglesia Católica durante la época colonial. Si la postura del Papa va a ser como en Osorno, la reacción será adversa”. El primero de mayo pasado “Justicia y Paz” de la Iglesia Católica había pedido al gobierno “seguir con las negociaciones y no tenerle miedo a una posible autonomía de la región Mapuche en un estado plurinacional y en paz”. Cuatro días después del anuncio del viaje papal, la presidenta Michelle Bachelet hizo un gesto alentador pidiendo perdón “por los errores y horrores cometidos o tolerados por el estado”, pro- metiendo un diálogo permanente con los Mapuches y un nuevo plan de integración.
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