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With 9 Muscle Bands (Or Continuous Muscle Sheet) and Dorsal Pro:Css CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL POUR L'EXPLORATION DE LA MER Zooplankton THALIACEA - II Sheet 10 Family: Doliolidae (By J. 1-1. Fraser) 1947. Separation of oozoids, phorozoids and gonozoids. With 9 muscle bands (or continuous muscle sheet) and dorsal pro:css .............................................. OOZOID. With 8 muscle bands, a vestigeal ventral stalk, no gonads .................................................................. PHOROZOID. With 8 muscle bands, no outgrowth, gonads present .......................................................................... GONOZOID. Identification of gonozoids and phorozoids. (Classification according to Garst an g 1933) 1. Alimentary canal forming an upright U- or S-shaped loop in the sagittal plane ................................. sub genus DOLIOLINA. 2. Alimentary canal .extended horizontally in the sagittal plane, with a sub-terminal anus ........................... subgeous DOLIOLOIDES. 3. Alimentary canal forming a close dextral coil in the middle of the cloaca! floor with a median anus ... sub genus DOLIO LETT A. 4. Alimentary canal forming a wide dextral arch round the cloaca! floor, with anus parietal, on the right side DOLIOLUM (s. str.) https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.4919 ISBN 978-87-7482-761-0 ISSN 2707-675X -2- GONOZOIDS D. (Doliolina) miilleri, D. (Doliolina) intermedium, D. ( Dolioletta) gegenbauri, Doliolum ( s.str) denticulu Krohn. Neumann. Uljanin. Q. & G. D. (Doliolina) miilleri, D. ( Dolioletta) mirabilis, D. ( Dolioletta) gegenbauri, Dolio/um (s.str.) national, var. krohni, Borgert. Korotneff. var. tritonis, Herdman. Borgert. (Diagrams of gonozoids adapted from Garst an g 11 PHOROZOID LARVAL STAGES OOZOID ''""' D. gegenbauri, var. tritonis D. gegenbauri, var. tritonis D. gegenbauri, var. tritonis Herdman. Herdman. Herdman. OLD NURSE 11 l t l t rl D. gegenbauri, var. tritonis Herdman. Doliolids have an alternation of generations in their life history. The asexual form ( =Oozoid) persists after the total disintegration of the viscera, and it is then known as an OLD NURSE (=Amme). The buds (=Blastozoids) produced by the oozoids develop into three types; TRO­ PHOZOIDS, which remain attached to the oozoid, PHOROZOIDS, which are free swimming but sexless, and GONOZOIB,S, the free swimming sexual generation. The gonozoids are, in the earliest stages, carried on the ventral outgrowth of a phorozoid. -3- Gill Lamella Endostyle Testis Le~gth Species Alimentary Cnnal Brain m Other Points Dorsal Post- - ' (gonozoids only) !:: C.,) ...= mm. attach- erior -~Q " ., Ant. Post. ment Limit Go). ::: e > " 1. D. ( Dolioloi- Horizontal with 5 5+ 5 21/4 43/4 31/2 Extends to 31 /3 5 Mediterranean des) rarum sub-terminal species Grobben anus. 2. D. ( Dolioli- Upright,U.shaped 5 51 /2 5 22/3 42/3 3 1/ 4 Forming a ventral 4 10--14 pairs of gil na) mulleri hernia slits Krohn 3. D. mullui ,, ,, ,, ,, 21/6 45,6 ,, ,, 7 About 40 pairs g1 11 var. krohni slits Borgert 4. D. ( Doliolina) ,, 6+ - 5 2 42/3 31/4 ? - Atlantic sfecies onlr.-? krohni About 2 prs. g1l 1 Herdman slits 5. D. ( Dolioli- Upright,S-shaped 43/4 5'/2 41/4 1¼ 4¼ 31/4 Straight, horizontal, 6 \"ar. re11ibile has very na) interme- on left side extending narrow muscle band s dium to 21/1 Neumann 6. D. ( Doliolet- Intestine formin~ 2 61/4 4+ 23/4 41/2 31/2 Extends forwards to ? Mediterranean ta) mirabili, a close dextra 41/2 and th,m turns species Korotneff soil, with median backwards anus. 7. D. (Doliolet- . 3+ 5¼ 5 "},l/2..3/' 41/2-¼ 31/4 Extends forwards and 9 Testis with great va ta) gegen- obliJuely on left side riability in termina1 bauri usua ly t,, about M2 point (M5-M 1) and Ulja11in usually crosses M 3 (and M2) betwee n the muscle and th e ectoderm 8. D.g,genbauri ,, 3+ 5¼ 41/2 .7/s 21/2-¾ 41/2..3/4 31/4 ,, 17 ,, vaor. tritonis Herdman 9. Doliolum (s. With dextral arch, 2+ 5+(6) 31/4 2 4 3¾ Extending horizon- 9 Testis in var. ehren str.) denticu- anus on right side tally and straight on bergi extends only t 0 Lum at M6. left side to about M2 M4 Q.&G. 10. Doliolum (s. ,, 2+ 5+ 4½-5 2+ 4+ 3¼ Extending horizon- 3+ str.) nationa- tally on left side. /is Variable length Borgert (The numbers refer to muscle bands, e.g. 3¼ means situate.cl between muscle bands 3 and 4 but nearer to M3 than M4). Identification of Old Nurses. Definitions: D. rarum - Eurymyonic; aclinous. Stenomyonic = muscle bands narrower than ½ the D. mi.illeri - (including var. krohni Borgert) -Eurymyonic; amphiclinous, myo­ interspaces. plane 4½ ; otolith usually lost. Eurymyonic - muscle bands broader than ½ the D. intermedium - Stenomyonic; aclinous. interspaces. D. gegenbauri - (including var. tritonis) - Eurymyonic; anticlinous, myoplane Holomyonic = muscles 2--8 united in~o a contin• 3½-3; otolith usually retained. uous sheet. D. denticulum - Holomyonic. Amphiclinous = muscle bands 2--8 in a series gra­ D. krohni (Herdman) - D. mirabilis, D. nationalis, - unknown. dually becoming broader then narrower. Myoplane = the position in this series from which muscle bands become narrower, both anteriorly and posteriorly. Aclinous = muscle bands 2--8 not forming a gra­ _dually increasing and diminishing series, The intestine of oozoids, before desintegration, may be either U-shaped (e.g. D. miilleri) or straight (as in D. gegenbauri and tritonis) but is always median. 4- F u r t h e r I n I o r m a t i o n o n I d e n t i f i c a t i o n. Species Figures in brackets I. D. rarum: Garstang, 1933, p.210, Fig.3; Grob hen, 1882. Distribution refer to species that only occur '.?. D. miilleri: U I j an in, 1884, pp. 127-130; Fede I e, 1923. exreptionally. 3. D. miilleri 'var. krohni: Garst an g, 1933, p. 214; I h I e, 1927, p. 37 (as Gulf of Bothnia D. krohni, Herdman). Gulf of Finland 4. D. krohni: Garstang, 1933, p.214; Herdman, 1888. Baltic proper The Mediterranean form referred to as D. krohni Herdman Ly Ha rant et Belt Sea V e r n i e res, I h I e, B o r g er t, N e um an n etc. should read D. miilleri Kattegat var. krohni Borgert as the gill lamella does not agree with Herdman 's Skagerak original description (see Garst an g, p. 197 and 214). Northern North Sea 7, 8 5. D. intermedium: Garstang, 1933, p.211; Neumann, 1906; Ihle, 1927, Southern North Sea (10) p. 37; Borgert, 1901, p. 2 as Doliolum sp. English Channel (eastern) (10) 6. D. 111irabilis: Garst an g, 1933, p. 220; Kor o t n e ff, 1891. English Channel (western) 7, 10 ,. D. gegenbauri: Garst an g, 1933, p. 216; U I j an in, 1884. Bristol Channel and Irish Sea South and West Ireland and 3, 4?, 5, 7, 8, 10 8. D. tritonis: Garst an g, 1933, p. 217; Herdman, 1888, p. 47; I h I e, 1927, Atlantic p.38; Borgert, 1901, p.3, Fig.3. Fdroe Shetland Area (3), 7, 8 9. /J. dcntiwlum: Garstang, 1933, p.224; Neumann, 1906. Faroe Iceland Area (3), (7), (8) JO. D. natiorwlis: Garstang: 1933, p.221; Borgert, 1901, p.4; Ihle, Norwegian Sea 1927, p. 38. Barents Sea fl e f e re n C e S t O W O r k On 8 i O J O g y. Borgert (1901), 3, 5, 8; Delsman (1911), 10; F a r r a n (1906), 5, 8 ; F e d e I c (1923), 2 ; F r a s e r (194·), 7, 8; Ihle (1927), 3,5,8,10; KorotnefI (1891), 6; Lucas (1933), 7; Russell and Ha­ stings (1933), 7, 10; Thompson (1942), 7, 9. References. Dorge rt, A. 1894. ErgeLn. Plankt. Exp. Humholdt-Stif­ Herd rn an, W. A. 1888. ·'Challenger" Reports, Zoo!., Vol. tung, II. E.a; C: Vertheilg. d. Doliolen. XXVII. - 1901. Die nordischen Dolioliden, Nord. Plankt. I. I h I e, ]. E. W. 1927. Thaliacea, Tierwelt, N. u. Ostsee, De Ism an, H. C. 1911. Bull. Planktonique pour les an­ Lief. IX, Tei! XII a. 2. nees 1908-1911, Pt. II. Cons. Perm. Intern. Explor. Kor o t n e ff, A. 1891. La Dolchinina mirabilis. Mitt. Mer. p. 114. zoo!. Stat. Neapel, X. Farr an, G. P. 1906. On the Distribution of the Thalia­ L u c a s, C. E. 1933. Occurrence of Dolioletta gegenbauri <'l'a and Pyrosoma in Irish Waters. Fisheries, Ireland. (Uljanin) in the North Sea. Nature, Vol. 132. Sci. Invest. 1906, I. Neumann, G. 1906. Ergelm. Deut. Tiefsee Expe<l. (Val­ divia), XII. F c cl e I e, M. 1923. Le attivita dinamiche ed i rapporti nervosi nella vita lei Dolio Ii. Pubbl. Staz. zoo!. Napoli, 4. - 1913. Das Tirrreich, 40. Ritter, W. E. 1905. The Pelagic Tunicata of the San Fr as<' r, H. 194 . The Distribution of Thaliacea (Salps J. Diego Region, excepting the Larvacca. Univ. Calif. Pub!. and Doliolids) in Scottish Waters, 1920- 1939 Fisheries, Zoo!. Vol. 2, No. 3. Scot., Sci. Invest., 194·, No.I. In the pre,s. Russe 11, F. S. and Hastings, A. B. 1933. On the Garst an g, W. 1929. On the dextricolic condition in Occurrence of Pelagic Tunicates (Thaliacea) in the Tunicates. Proc. Leeds Phil. Lit. Soc. (Sci. Sect.) Vol. 1, Waters of the English Channel off Plymouth. J. Mar. Pt. X, Leeds. Biol. Assoc., U. K., Vol. XVIII, No. 2. 1933. Brit. Antarctic ("Terra Nova") Exped. 1910. Zoo!. Thompson, H. 1942. Pelagic Tunicates in the Plankton Vol. IV, No. 6, Pt. I, Doliolida. of South Eastern Australian Waters, and their place in G rob hen, C. 1882. Doliolum und sein Generationswech- Oceanographical Studies. Comm. Australia Council Sci. sel, etc.
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