COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT for DISTRIBUTION Part I
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Ashes to Caches: Is Dust Dust Among the Heterarchichal Maya?
West Chester University Digital Commons @ West Chester University Anthropology & Sociology Faculty Publications Anthropology & Sociology 6-2020 Ashes to Caches: Is Dust Dust Among the Heterarchichal Maya? Marshall Joseph Becker Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/anthrosoc_facpub Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Volume 28, Issue 3 June 2020 Welcome to the “28 – year book” of The Codex. waxak k’atun jun tun hun Now in its 28th year, The Codex continues to publish materials of substance in the world of Pre-Columbian and Mesoamerican studies. We continue that tradition in this issue. This new issue of The Codex is arriving during a pandemic which has shut down all normal services in our state. Rather than let our members and subscribers down, we decided to go digital for this issue. And, by doing so, we NOTE FROM THE EDITOR 1 realized that we could go “large” by publishing Marshall Becker’s important paper on the ANNOUNCEMENTS 2 contents of caches in the Maya world wherein he calls for more investigation into supposedly SITE-SEEING: REPORTS FROM THE “empty” caches at Tikal and at other Maya sites. FIELD: ARCHAEOLOGY IN A GILDED AGE: THE UNIVERSITY OF Hattula Moholy-Nagy takes us back to an earlier PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM’S TIKAL era in archaeology with her reminiscences of her PROJECT, 1956-1970 days at Tikal in the 1950s and 1960s. Lady by Sharp Tongue got her column in just before the Hattula Moholy-Nagy 3 shut-down happened, and she lets us in on some secrets in Lady K’abal Xook’s past at her GOSSIP COLUMN palace in Yaxchilan. -
Ancient Maya Afterlife Iconography: Traveling Between Worlds
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2006 Ancient Maya Afterlife Iconography: Traveling Between Worlds Mosley Dianna Wilson University of Central Florida Part of the Anthropology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Wilson, Mosley Dianna, "Ancient Maya Afterlife Iconography: Traveling Between Worlds" (2006). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 853. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/853 ANCIENT MAYA AFTERLIFE ICONOGRAPHY: TRAVELING BETWEEN WORLDS by DIANNA WILSON MOSLEY B.A. University of Central Florida, 2000 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Liberal Studies in the College of Graduate Studies at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2006 i ABSTRACT The ancient Maya afterlife is a rich and voluminous topic. Unfortunately, much of the material currently utilized for interpretations about the ancient Maya comes from publications written after contact by the Spanish or from artifacts with no context, likely looted items. Both sources of information can be problematic and can skew interpretations. Cosmological tales documented after the Spanish invasion show evidence of the religious conversion that was underway. Noncontextual artifacts are often altered in order to make them more marketable. An example of an iconographic theme that is incorporated into the surviving media of the ancient Maya, but that is not mentioned in ethnographically-recorded myths or represented in the iconography from most noncontextual objects, are the “travelers”: a group of gods, humans, and animals who occupy a unique niche in the ancient Maya cosmology. -
The Significance of Copper Bells in the Maya Lowlands from Their
The significance of Copper bells in the Maya Lowlands On the cover: 12 bells unearthed at Lamanai, including complete, flattened and miscast specimens. From Simmons and Shugar 2013: 141 The significance of Copper bells in the Maya Lowlands - from their appearance in the Late Terminal Classic period to the current day - Arthur Heimann Master Thesis S2468077 Prof. Dr. P.A.I.H. Degryse Archaeology of the Americas Leiden University, Faculty of Archaeology (1084TCTY-F-1920ARCH) Leiden, 16/12/2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Subject of The Thesis ................................................................................................................... 6 1.2. Research Question........................................................................................................................ 7 2. MAYA SOCIETY ........................................................................................................................... 10 2.1. Maya Geography.......................................................................................................................... 10 2.2. Maya Chronology ........................................................................................................................ 13 2.2.1. Preclassic ............................................................................................................................................................. 13 2.2.2. -
What Maya Collapse? Terminal Classic Variation in the Maya Lowlands
J Archaeol Res (2007) 15:329–377 DOI 10.1007/s10814-007-9015-x ORIGINAL PAPER What Maya Collapse? Terminal Classic Variation in the Maya Lowlands James J. Aimers Published online: 17 August 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007 Abstract Interest in the lowland Maya collapse is stronger than ever, and there are now hundreds of studies that focus on the era from approximately A.D. 750 to A.D. 1050. In the past, scholars have tended to generalize explanations of the collapse from individual sites and regions to the lowlands as a whole. More recent approaches stress the great diversity of changes that occurred across the lowlands during the Terminal Classic and Early Postclassic periods. Thus, there is now a consensus that Maya civilization as a whole did not collapse, although many zones did experience profound change. Keywords Maya Á Collapse Á Terminal Classic–Early Postclassic Introduction ‘‘Much has been published in recent years about the collapse of Maya civilization and its causes. It might be wise to preface this chapter with a simple statement that in my belief no such thing happened’’ (Andrews IV 1973, p. 243). More than three decades after Andrews made this statement, interest in the lowland Maya collapse is more intense than ever. Of the more than 400 books, chapters, or articles of which I am aware, over half were published in the last ten years. As always, speculation about the collapse follows contemporary trends (Wilk 1985), and widespread concern over war and the physical environment have made the lowland Maya into a cautionary tale for many (Diamond 2005; Gibson 2006; J. -
The Terminal Classic Period at Ceibal and in the Maya Lowlands
THE TERMINAL CLASSIC PERIOD AT CEIBAL AND IN THE MAYA LOWLANDS Takeshi Inomata and Daniela Triadan University of Arizona Ceibal is well known for the pioneering investigations conducted by Harvard University in the 1960s (Sabloff 1975; Smith 1982; Tourtellot 1988; Willey 1990). Since then, Ceibal has been considered to be a key site in the study of the Classic Maya collapse (Sabloff 1973a, 1973b; Sabloff and Willey 1967). The results of this project led scholars to hypothesize the following: 1) Ceibal survived substantially longer than other centers through the period of the Maya collapse; and 2) the new styles of monuments and new types of ceramics resulted from foreign invasions, which contributed to the Maya collapse. In 2005 we decided to revisit this important site to re-examine these questions in the light of recent developments in Maya archaeology and epigraphy. The results of the new research help us to shape a more refined understanding of the political process during the Terminal Classic period. The important points that we would like to emphasize in this paper are: 1) Ceibal did not simply survive through this turbulent period, but it also experienced political disruptions like many other centers; 2) this period of political disruptions was followed by a revival of Ceibal; and 3) our data support the more recent view that there were no foreign invasions; instead the residents of Ceibal were reorganizing and expanding their inter-regional networks of interaction. Ceibal is located on the Pasión River, and a comparison with the nearby Petexbatun centers, including Dos Pilas and Aguateca, is suggestive. -
The Investigation of Classic Period Maya Warfare at Caracol, Belice
The Investigation of Classic Period Maya Warfare at Caracol, Belice ARLEN F. CHASE DIANE Z. CHASE University of Central Florida Prior to the 1950s the prevalent view of the like rulers who were concerned whith preserving ancient Maya was as a peaceful people. ln 1952, their histories in hieroglyphic texts on stone and Robert Rands completed his Ph. D. thesis on the stucco; investigations at the site have thus far evidences of warfare in Classic Maya art, following uncovered some 40 carved monuments (Beetz and up on the important work just completed by Tatia- Satterthwaite 1981; A. Chase and D. Chase na Proskouriakoff (1950). Since then, research has 1987b). Caracol is unusual, however, in having rapidly accumulated substantial documentation left us written records that it successfully waged that the Maya were in fact warlike (cf. Marcus warfare against two of its neighboring polities at 1974; Repetto Tio 1985). There is now evidence different times within the early part of the Late for the existence of wars between major political Classic Period. units in the Maya area and, importantly, Maya There are two wars documented in the hiero- kingship has also been shown to be inextricably glyphic texts: Caracol defeats Tikal in 9.6.8.4.2 or joined with concepts of war, captives, and sacrifice A. D. 562 (A. Chase and D. Chase 1987a:6, (Demarest 1978; Schele and Miller 1986; Freidel 1987b:33,60; S. Houston in press) and Naranjo in 1986). Warfare also has been utilized as a power- 9.9.18.16.3 or A. D. 631 (Sosa and Reents 1980). -
Late Classic Maya Political Structure, Polity Size, and Warfare Arenas
LATE CLASSIC MAYA POLITICAL STRUCTURE, POLITY SIZE, AND WARFARE ARENAS Arlen F. CHASE and Diane Z. CHASE Department of Sociology and Anthropology University of Central Florida Studies of the ancient Maya have moved forward at an exceedingly rapid rate. New sites have been discovered and long-term excavations in a series of sites and regions have provided a substantial data base for interpreting ancient Maya civili- zation. New hieroglyphic texts have been found and greater numbers of texts can be read. These data have amplified our understanding of the relationships among subsistence systems, economy, and settlement to such an extent that ancient Maya social and political organization can no longer be viewed as a simple dichoto- mous priest-peasant (elite-commoner) model. Likewise, monumental Maya archi- tecture is no longer viewed as being indicative of an unoccupied ceremonial center, but rather is seen as the locus of substantial economic and political activity. In spite of these advances, substantial discussion still exists concerning the size of Maya polities, whether these polities were centralized or uncentralized, and over the kinds of secular interactions that existed among them. This is espe- cially evident in studies of aggression among Maya political units. The Maya are no longer considered a peaceful people; however, among some modern Maya scholars, the idea still exists that the Maya did not practice real war, that there was little destruction associated with military activity, and that there were no spoils of economic consequence. Instead, the Maya elite are portrayed as engaging predo- minantly in raids or ritual battles (Freidel 1986; Schele and Mathews 1991). -
El Proceso De Desarrollo Político Del Estado Maya De Yaxhá: Un Caso De Competencia De Élites Y Readecuación Dentro De Un Marco De Circunscripción Territorial
El proceso de desarrollo político del estado maya de Yaxhá: un caso de competencia de élites y readecuación dentro de un marco de circunscripción territorial Vilma Fialko DECORSIAP-Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes Introducción La información contenida en este documento es representativa de la región noreste de Petén, Guatemala. Durante 19 años el Departamento de Conservación y Rescate de Sitios Arqueológicos Prehispánicos (DECORSIAP), antes conocido como PRONAT-PROSIAPETEN, del Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala, ha realizado estudios regionales sistemáticos en el centro y las periferias de los sitios mayores de Tikal, Yaxhá, Nakum y Naranjo-Sa’al (Figura 1). Las investigaciones arqueológicas han permitido determinar asentamientos con jerarquías de cuatro niveles, descritos en el presente estudio como centros mayores, centros intermedios, centros menores y centros residenciales/rurales (Fialko 1996b, 1997; Fialko et al. 2005), lo que ha permitido determinar aspectos de territorialidad, geografía política y distribución de asentamientos según contextos ambientales (Figura 2). Los reconocimientos prosiguen efectuándose a nivel de cobertura total, y también mediante muestreo con transectos de larga distancia, cada uno de ellos promediando los 21 km y de manera dirigida a lo largo y entorno de cuencas hídricas y lacustres. Aún están en proceso los mapeos sistemáticos de todos los grupos residenciales y sitios arqueológicos identificados. Los procedimientos de recopilación de -
Leadership Through Dualism: -A Study of Lao Tzu, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Jean-Paul Sartre
LEADERSHIP THROUGH DUALISM: -A STUDY OF LAO TZU, REINHOLD NIEBUHR, AND JEAN-PAUL SARTRE ,BY HUI MIKE ,,XU Bachelor of Arts university of Shanghai Shanghai, China 1983 Master of Education East Central University Ada, Oklahoma 1987 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION May, 1990 LEADERSHIP THROUGH DUALISM: A STUDY OF LAO TZU, REINHOLD NIEBUHR, AND JEAN-PAUL SARTRE Thesis Approved: ------- ~~ -~ ----------- -------- ______ o~_fl_~------------ Dean of the Graduate College ii 1375615 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS' I wish to express sincere appreciation to Dr. John J. Gardiner and Dr. Thomas Karman for their encourage ernent and advice throughout my graduate program. Many thanks also go to Dr. Adrienne Hyle and Dr. Wayne Meinhart for serving on my graduate committee.. From the initiation of the thesis topic tq the development of the contents, Dr. Gardiner devoted a lot of time, energy, and care; from the research linkage to writing methods, Dr. Karman paid.J:?articular attention and offered tremendous assistance; speci~lly, Dr. Hyle's insightful considerations made this thesis more inclusive, consis- tent, and complete; and Dr. Meinhart's emphasis on practice encouraged my focus on the implications of theories. They made rny.study more educational, stimulating and challenging. My pare_nts '· faith and belief in my studies and achievern~nts sustained my diff~cul ties of all kinds, when I was abroad. Thanks go to them for their unselfish sufferings to support and encourage my graduate studies in the States. My appreciation and_gratefulness also go to my friends Bob, Sally, Kelly, Mary, Torn, Ken, Jo, Bill, Roselind, John, Joe, and Rosemarie who helped me in various ways so that I could keep my studies and research going. -
Cecil, Leslie, Prudence M
Cecil, Leslie, Prudence M. Rice y Don S. Rice 1999 Los estilos tecnológicos de la cerámica Postclásica con engobe de la región de los lagos de Petén. En XII Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1998 (editado por J.P. Laporte y H.L. Escobedo), pp.788-795. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala. 61 LOS ESTILOS TECNOLÓGICOS DE LA CERÁMICA POSTCLÁSICA CON ENGOBE DE LA REGIÓN DE LOS LAGOS DE PETÉN Leslie Cecil Prudence M. Rice Don S. Rice El periodo Postclásico (950-1524 DC) y el de Contacto (1524-1700 DC) en las Tierras Bajas Mayas de Petén, Guatemala, son relativamente poco conocidos, pero recientemente han sido investigados por el Proyecto Maya Colonial (Jones 1989, 1996, s.f.; Jones et al. 1981; D. Rice 1986, 1988; Rice y Rice 1981, 1984, 1990; P. Rice 1979, 1986, 1987a, 1996a, 1996b, 1996c; Rice et al. 1996). Socio-políticamente, dichos siete y medio siglos pueden ser mejor caracterizados como una situación de movimiento de límites como resultado de cambios de alianzas, relaciones de cambios de dominio y una repetida migración de grupos sociales étnicos. Los estilos tecnológicos de la cerámica en asociación con la arquitectura y otros aspectos de la cultura material pueden ayudar a dilucidar la situación socio-política en la región de los lagos de Petén central durante los periodos Postclásico y de Contacto. Si los límites cambiaron con frecuencia, se daría el caso que algunos sitios arqueológicos podrían haber sido ocupados por varios grupos sociales diferentes, situación que se vería reflejada en la cerámica, así como en otros aspectos de la cultura material y rasgos arquitectónicos diagnósticos. -
Identifying Immigration to the Maya Site of T
MISSIONIZATION AND SHIFTING MOBILITY ON THE SOUTHEASTERN MAYA-SPANISH FRONTIER: IDENTIFYING IMMIGRATION TO THE MAYA SITE OF TIPU, BELIZE THROUGH THE USE OF STRONTIUM AND OXYGEN ISOTOPES A Dissertation by WILLA RACHEL TRASK Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Lori E. Wright Committee Members, David L. Carlson Darryl J. de Ruiter Deborah J. Thomas Head of Department, Cynthia Werner August 2018 Major Subject: Anthropology Copyright 2018 Willa Rachel Trask ABSTRACT The early Colonial Period visita mission cemetery Tipu represents an important opportunity to understand the role mobility played in indigenous Maya resistance on the southeastern Maya-Spanish frontier. This dissertation seeks to identify the geographical origin of a subset (N=195) of the over 600 Postclassic and early Colonial period Maya buried at Tipu. As geographic and cultural frontier, Tipu experienced a dynamic history of fluctuating political alliances and was a pivotal player in frontier politics. Ethnohistorical records indicate that the remote frontier community of Tipu functioned as a place of refuge for a large southern exodus of indigenous Maya from the northern Yucatan escaping the hardships encountered in more populated regions under Spanish colonial control; to date little concrete evidence for this migration has been identified. To test whether the frontier community of Tipu functioned as a haven for refugee Yucatec Maya, strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes are used as geologic and climatic tracers to estimate potential childhood homelands for individuals buried at Tipu. -
Baj “Hammer” and Related Affective Verbs in Classic Mayan
ThePARIJournal A quarterly publication of the Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute Volume XI, No. 2, Fall 2010 In This Issue: Baj “Hammer”and Related Affective Baj “Hammer” and Verbsin Classic Mayan Related Affective Marc Zender Verbs in Classic Peabody Museum, Harvard University Mayan by Some years ago now, I proposed a deci- Marc Zender pherment of the Classic Maya logograph PAGES 1-16 BAJ (Figure 1)—clearly representing a • stone object wielded as some kind of tool or weapon, most likely a hammer, The Western 1 b Sun: An Unusual chisel, or celt. Although some of the epigraphic evidence for this value Tzolk'in–Haab a Correlation in was complicated by the abbreviations Classic Maya characteristic of nominal contexts in Inscriptions Maya writing, the linguistic evidence was strongly supportive, with several relevant by c Alexandre Tokovinine languages providing evidence of a root PAGES 17-21 baj “to hammer” of appropriate form Figure 1. The BAJ “hammer” sign: (a) Dos Pilas and meaning. More encouraging still, Panel 7, A5a; (b) ‘Ocosingo Jade,’ American • modern Mayan languages suggested that Museum of Natural History, New York (after Squier A New Look at the the root pertained to a class of affective 1869:Fig. 9); (c) Dos Pilas HS 2, East, Step 1, E2a (all drawings by the author unless otherwise noted). Inscription of Copan verbs which had hitherto escaped notice Altar K in Maya writing. However, while the has been well received by my colleagues,2 by decipherment and its implications have the full extent of the evidence has not Péter Bíró been presented in several forums (e.g., yet been made generally available.