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Nautical Charts, Publications and Notices to Mariners
THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA Marine Notice LIBERIA MARITIME AUTHORITY NAV-001 Office of Rev. 06/12 Deputy Commissioner of Maritime Affairs TO: ALL SHIPOWNERS, OPERATORS, MASTERS AND OFFICERS OF MERCHANT SHIPS, AND AUTHORIZED CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES SUBJECT: Safety of Navigation - Nautical Charts, Publications and Notices to Mariners References: (a) Maritime Law 10.296(5) (b) SOLAS 74, as amended, Chapter V, Regulations 18, 19 and 27 (c) Resolution MSC 191 (79) (d) Resolution MSC.232(82) (e) Resolution MSC.252(83) (f) Resolution MSC-282 (86) (g) Resolution A.817 (19), as amended by MSC.64 (67), and MSC.86 (70) (h) MSC Circular 982 (i) MSC Circular 1179 Supersedes: Marine Notice NAV-001, dated 6/01 Marine Operations Note 01-2005 PURPOSE: This Notice provides advice and guidance to mariners on the importance of maintaining a regular and efficient system of charts and publications, corrections, and use of electronic updating services. APPLICABILITY: This Notice provides advice and guidance to mariners on the importance of maintaining a regular and efficient system of charts and publications, corrections, and use of electronic updating services. It also provides notice of new Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) carriage requirements at section 1.4. Regulation II/1-3 of the STCW Convention, as amended, requires approved training in the use of ECDIS. Specific requirements can be found in Liberian publication RLM-118 - Requirements for Merchant Marine Personnel Certificates. 1.0 REQUIREMENTS: 1.1 It is essential that any nautical publication which is liable to be affected by changes in 1 of 5 Inquiries concerning the subject of this Notice should be directed to the Office of the Deputy Commissioner, Republic of Liberia, the Liberian International Ship & Corporate Registry, LLC, 8619 Westwood Center Dr., Suite 300, Vienna, VA 22182, USA 06//12 navigational or hydrographic conditions be corrected and updated by every available means, primarily through Notice To Mariners, and additionally by Radio Navigational Warnings, e.g., NAVTEX, and Safety NET. -
Celestial Navigation Tutorial
NavSoft’s CELESTIAL NAVIGATION TUTORIAL Contents Using a Sextant Altitude 2 The Concept Celestial Navigation Position Lines 3 Sight Calculations and Obtaining a Position 6 Correcting a Sextant Altitude Calculating the Bearing and Distance ABC and Sight Reduction Tables Obtaining a Position Line Combining Position Lines Corrections 10 Index Error Dip Refraction Temperature and Pressure Corrections to Refraction Semi Diameter Augmentation of the Moon’s Semi-Diameter Parallax Reduction of the Moon’s Horizontal Parallax Examples Nautical Almanac Information 14 GHA & LHA Declination Examples Simplifications and Accuracy Methods for Calculating a Position 17 Plane Sailing Mercator Sailing Celestial Navigation and Spherical Trigonometry 19 The PZX Triangle Spherical Formulae Napier’s Rules The Concept of Using a Sextant Altitude Using the altitude of a celestial body is similar to using the altitude of a lighthouse or similar object of known height, to obtain a distance. One object or body provides a distance but the observer can be anywhere on a circle of that radius away from the object. At least two distances/ circles are necessary for a position. (Three avoids ambiguity.) In practice, only that part of the circle near an assumed position would be drawn. Using a Sextant for Celestial Navigation After a few corrections, a sextant gives the true distance of a body if measured on an imaginary sphere surrounding the earth. Using a Nautical Almanac to find the position of the body, the body’s position could be plotted on an appropriate chart and then a circle of the correct radius drawn around it. In practice the circles are usually thousands of miles in radius therefore distances are calculated and compared with an estimate. -
Chapter 19 the Almanacs
CHAPTER 19 THE ALMANACS PURPOSE OF ALMANACS 1900. Introduction The Air Almanac was originally intended for air navigators, but is used today mostly by a segment of the Celestial navigation requires accurate predictions of the maritime community. In general, the information is similar to geographic positions of the celestial bodies observed. These the Nautical Almanac, but is given to a precision of 1' of arc predictions are available from three almanacs published and 1 second of time, at intervals of 10 minutes (values for annually by the United States Naval Observatory and H. M. the Sun and Aries are given to a precision of 0.1'). This Nautical Almanac Office, Royal Greenwich Observatory. publication is suitable for ordinary navigation at sea, but The Astronomical Almanac precisely tabulates celestial lacks the precision of the Nautical Almanac, and provides data for the exacting requirements found in several scientific GHA and declination for only the 57 commonly used fields. Its precision is far greater than that required by navigation stars. celestial navigation. Even if the Astronomical Almanac is The Multi-Year Interactive Computer Almanac used for celestial navigation, it will not necessarily result in (MICA) is a computerized almanac produced by the U.S. more accurate fixes due to the limitations of other aspects of Naval Observatory. This and other web-based calculators are the celestial navigation process. available from: http://aa.usno.navy.mil. The Navy’s The Nautical Almanac contains the astronomical STELLA program, found aboard all seagoing naval vessels, information specifically needed by marine navigators. contains an interactive almanac as well. -
Weekly Edition 38 of 2020
Notices 4425 -- 4552/20 ADMIRALTY NOTICES TO MARINERS Weekly Edition 38 17 September 2020 (Published on the ADMIRALTY website 07 September 2020) CONTENTS I Explanatory Notes. Publications List II ADMIRALTY Notices to Mariners. Updates to Standard Nautical Charts III Reprints of NAVAREA I Navigational Warnings IV Updates to ADMIRALTY Sailing Directions V Updates to ADMIRALTY List of Lights and Fog Signals VI Updates to ADMIRALTY List of Radio Signals VII Updates to Miscellaneous ADMIRALTY Nautical Publications VIII Updates to ADMIRALTY Digital Services For information on how to update your ADMIRALTY products using ADMIRALTY Notices to Mariners, please refer to NP294 How to Keep Your ADMIRALTY Products Up--to--Date. Mariners are requested to inform the UKHO immediately of the discovery of new or suspected dangers to navigation, observed changes to navigational aids and of shortcomings in both paper and digital ADMIRALTY Charts or Publications. The H--Note App helps you to send H--Notes to the UKHO, using your device’s camera, GPS and email. It is available for free download on Google Play and on the App Store. The Hydrographic Note Form (H102) should be used to forward this information and to report any ENC display issues. H102A should be used for reporting changes to Port Information. H102B should be used for reporting GPS/Chart Datum observations. Copies of these forms can be found at the back of this bulletin and on the UKHO website. The following communication facilities are available: NMs on ADMIRALTY website: Web: admiralty.co.uk/msi Searchable Notices to Mariners: Web: www.ukho.gov.uk/nmwebsearch Urgent navigational information: e--mail: [email protected] Phone: +44(0)1823 353448 +44(0)7989 398345 Fax: +44(0)1823 322352 H102 forms e--mail: [email protected] (see back pages of this Weekly Edition) Post: UKHO, Admiralty Way, Taunton, Somerset, TA1 2DN, UK All other enquiries/information e--mail: [email protected] Phone: +44(0)1823 484444 (24/7) Crown Copyright 2020. -
Eastern Mediterranean
PUB. 132 SAILING DIRECTIONS (ENROUTE) ★ EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ★ Prepared and published by the NATIONAL IMAGERY AND MAPPING AGENCY Bethesda, Maryland © COPYRIGHT 2003 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C. 2003 TENTH EDITION For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: http://bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 How to Keep this Book Corrected 0.0 As initially published, this book contains material based 0.0 Between Editions, the Record of Corrections Published in upon information available in the National Imagery and Weekly Notice to Mariners, located below, affords an Mapping Agency through the date given in the preface. The alternative system for recording applicable Notice to Mariners publication of New Editions will be announced in Notice to numbers. The Summary of Corrections, Volume 5, contains a Mariners. Instructions for ordering the latest Edition will be cumulative list of corrections for Sailing Directions from the found in CATP2V01U, Ordering Procedures. date of publication. Reference to the Summary of Corrections should be made as required. 0.0 In the interval between Editions, information that may 0.0 Book owners will be placed on the Notice to Mariners amend material in this book is published in the weekly Notice mailing list on request to the DEFENSE LOGISTICS to Mariners. The Notice to Mariners number and year can also AGENCY, DSC-R, ATTN: Product Center 9, 8000 Jefferson be marked on the applicable page of the Sailing Directions. -
2018 Special Local Notice to Mariners (SLNM)
2018 Special Local Notice to MarinerS U.S. Department o~· Commander Coast Guard Island, Bldg 52 Homeland Security • ~ • Eleventh Coast Guard District Alameda, CA 94501-5100 Staff Symbol: (dpw) 1 Phone: (510)437-2980 United States Fax: (510)437-5836 Coast Guard [email protected] APR 2 7 2018 To: All Mariners in the Eleventh Coast Guard District I am pleased to announce the publication of the 2018 Special Local Notice to Mariners (SLNM). The Special Local Notice to Mariners is an annual Coast Guard Eleventh District publication. It contains important information for mariners transiting the seacoast from the California/Oregon border to the United States/Mexico border and all federally designated navigable waters in Nevada, Utah, Arizona and California. I hope you find this publication a helpful guide for boater safety. Over the last year, this Special Local Notice to Mariners has received several modifications and updates. It includes tips and information for trip planning, local hazards and points of contact for obtaining further information or answering questions. We also provide excerpts from the various federal laws and regulations regarding vessel boarding, reporting marine pollution, aids to navigation and Vessel Traffic Service procedures. The most basic responsibility of the U.S. government is to protect the lives and safety of its citizens. Coast Guard maritime safety activities save lives, minimize damage to property, protect the environment, and safeguard the U.S. economy. As the Eleventh District Commander, it is an honor to work with the maritime community and I am committed to keeping our waterways safe and secure. -
Chapter 6 Nautical Publications
CHAPTER 6 NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS INTRODUCTION 600. Publications supply a ship’s chart and publication library. On-line publications produced by the U.S. government are The navigator uses many textual information sources available on the Web. to plan and conduct a voyage. These sources include notices to mariners, summary of corrections, sailing directions, 601. Maintenance and Carriage Requirements of light lists, tide tables, sight reduction tables, and almanacs. Navigation Publications While it is still possible to obtain hard-copy or printed nautical publications, increasingly these texts Vessels may maintain the navigation publications are found online or in other digital formats, including required by Title 33 of the Code of Federal Regulations Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM's) or Parts 161.4, 164.33, and 164.72 and SOLAS Chapter V Digital Versatile Disc (DVD's). Digital publications are Regulation 27 in electronic format provided that they are much less expensive than printed publications to repro- derived from the original source, are currently duce and distribute, and online publications have no corrected/up-to-date, and are readily accessible on the reproduction costs at all for the producer, and only mi- vessel's bridge by the crew. Adequate independent back-up nor costs to the user. Also, one DVD can hold entire arrangements shall be provided in case of libraries of information, making both distribution and electronic/technical failure. Such arrangements include: a on-board storage much easier. The advantages of electronic publications over second computer, CD, or portable mass storage device hard-copy go beyond cost savings. They can be updated readily displayable to the navigation watch, or printed easier and more often, making it possible for mariners paper copies. -
Subchapter C—Aids to Navigation
SUBCHAPTER C—AIDS TO NAVIGATION CROSS REFERENCE: Corps of Engineers, De- aids to navigation operated by the partment of the Army, see Chapter II of this other armed services, and private aids title. to navigation operated by other per- sons. PART 60 [RESERVED] (b)(1) This part describes the general characteristics of the U.S. Aids to PART 62—UNITED STATES AIDS TO Navigation System, and the details, NAVIGATION SYSTEM policies and procedures employed by the Coast Guard in establishing, main- Subpart A—General taining, operating, changing or dis- Sec. continuing Federal aids to navigation. 62.1 Purpose. Regulations concerning the marking of 62.3 Definition of terms. wrecks, structures, and other obstruc- 62.5 Marking of marine parades and regat- tions are found in 33 CFR part 64. Regu- tas. lations concerning private aids are found in 33 CFR part 66. Regulations Subpart B—The U.S. Aids to Navigation concerning the marking of artificial is- System lands and structures which are erected 62.21 General. on or over the seabed and subsoil of the 62.23 Beacons and buoys. Outer Continental Shelf of the United 62.25 Lateral marks. States or its possessions are found in 33 62.27 Safe water marks. 62.29 Isolated danger marks. CFR part 67. Regulations concerning 62.31 Special marks. the marking of bridges are found in 33 62.32 Inland waters obstruction mark. CFR part 118. Regulations concerning 62.33 Information and regulatory marks. aids to navigation at deepwater ports 62.35 Mooring buoys. are found in subchapter NN of this 62.37 Lighthouses. -
6.- Methods for Latitude and Longitude Measurement
Chapter 6 Copyright © 1997-2004 Henning Umland All Rights Reserved Methods for Latitude and Longitude Measurement Latitude by Polaris The observed altitude of a star being vertically above the geographic north pole would be numerically equal to the latitude of the observer ( Fig. 6-1 ). This is nearly the case with the pole star (Polaris). However, since there is a measurable angular distance between Polaris and the polar axis of the earth (presently ca. 1°), the altitude of Polaris is a function of the local hour angle. The altitude of Polaris is also affected by nutation. To obtain the accurate latitude, several corrections have to be applied: = − ° + + + Lat Ho 1 a0 a1 a2 The corrections a0, a1, and a2 depend on LHA Aries , the observer's estimated latitude, and the number of the month. They are given in the Polaris Tables of the Nautical Almanac [12]. To extract the data, the observer has to know his approximate position and the approximate time. When using a computer almanac instead of the N. A., we can calculate Lat with the following simple procedure. Lat E is our estimated latitude, Dec is the declination of Polaris, and t is the meridian angle of Polaris (calculated from GHA and our estimated longitude). Hc is the computed altitude, Ho is the observed altitude (see chapter 4). = ( ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ ) Hc arcsin sin Lat E sin Dec cos Lat E cos Dec cos t ∆ H = Ho − Hc Adding the altitude difference, ∆H, to the estimated latitude, we obtain the improved latitude: ≈ + ∆ Lat Lat E H The error of Lat is smaller than 0.1' when Lat E is smaller than 70° and when the error of Lat E is smaller than 2°, provided the exact longitude is known. -
Thenauticalalmanac.Com the Nautical Almanac 2023 for The
The Nautical Almanac 2023 For the Sun TheNauticalAlmanac.com Contents Credits, Acknowledgment and Disclaimer p. 3 Useful Links p. 4 Formulas p. 5 - 7 Equation of Time curve p. 8 The Daily Pages for the Sun p. 9 - 21 Increments & Corrections (The Yellow Pages) p. 22 - 41 Conversion of Arc to Time p. 42 Altitude Corrections for Sun, Planets, Stars (includes Refraction and Dip) p. 43 - 44 USNO Navigational Star Chart p. 45 Sun TOCC.odt Acknowledgment and Credits Dr. Enno Rodegerdts The Nautical Almanac Daily Pages and Sun Almanacs found on our site were originally created from PyAlmanac written by the great Norwegian sailor Enno Rodegerdts. PyAlmanac used PyEphem to generate the almanacs and LaTex provided the final formatting. Visit Dr. Rodegerdts site and learn of his voyages at https://sv-inua.net/ Without his work TheNauticalAlmanac.com wouldn't exist. Andrew Bauer Mr. Bauer has taken the initial work of Dr. Rodegerdts and improved it to the excellence found in the following Daily Pages. Attending foremost to the accuracy of data and then formatting Mr. Bauer created SkyAlmanac which draws from Brandon Rhodes work Ephem and Skyfieldand provides a clear arrangement of figures required for celestial navigation. To that end his work was determined, tireless and efficient. In our mutual writing across many lines of longitude he has always been pleasant, friendly and most affable. As he has said, "The art of celestial navigation should be promoted, not discouraged, even in the modern day". To both of these men we all owe a large debt of gratitude and thanks Disclaimer and Warning Prior to use verify the accuracy of The Nautical Almanac or data you download from our site. -
Chapter 6 Nautical Publications
CHAPTER 6 NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS INTRODUCTION 600. Publications supply a ship’s chart and publication library. On-line publications produced by the U.S. government are The navigator uses many textual information sources available on the Web. to plan and conduct a voyage. These sources include notices to mariners, summary of corrections, sailing directions, 601. Maintenance and Carriage Requirements of light lists, tide tables, sight reduction tables, and almanacs. Navigation Publications While it is still possible to obtain hard-copy or printed nautical publications, increasingly these texts are found on- Vessels may maintain the navigation publications line or in other digital formats, including Compact Disc- required by Title 33 of the Code of Federal Regulations Read Only Memory (CD-ROM's) or Digital Versatile Disc Parts 161.4, 164.33, and 164.72 and SOLAS Chapter V (DVD's). Digital publications are much less expensive than Regulation 27 in electronic format provided that they are printed publications to reproduce and distribute, and online derived from the original source, are currently publications have no reproduction costs at all for the pro- corrected/up-to-date, and are readily accessible on the ducer, and only minor costs to the user. Also, one DVD can vessel's bridge by the crew. Adequate independent back-up hold entire libraries of information, making both distribu- arrangements shall be provided in case of tion and on-board storage much easier. electronic/technical failure. Such arrangements include: a The advantages of electronic publications over hard- copy go beyond cost savings. They can be updated easier second computer, CD, or portable mass storage device and more often, making it possible for mariners to have fre- readily displayable to the navigation watch, or printed quent or even continuous access to a maintained paper copies. -
Chapter 19 Sight Reduction
CHAPTER 19 SIGHT REDUCTION BASIC PROCEDURES 1900. Computer Sight Reduction 1901. Tabular Sight Reduction The purely mathematical process of sight reduction is The process of deriving from celestial observations the an ideal candidate for computerization, and a number of information needed for establishing a line of position, different hand-held calculators, apps, and computer LOP, is called sight reduction. The observation itself con- programs have been developed to relieve the tedium of sists of measuring the altitude of the celestial body above working out sights by tabular or mathematical methods. the visible horizon and noting the time. The civilian navigator can choose from a wide variety of This chapter concentrates on sight reduction using the hand-held calculators and computer programs that require Nautical Almanac and Pub. No. 229: Sight Reduction Ta- only the entry of the DR position, measured altitude of the bles for Marine Navigation. Pub 229 is available on the body, and the time of observation. Even knowing the name NGA website. The method described here is one of many of the body is unnecessary because the computer can methods of reducing a sight. Use of the Nautical Almanac identify it based on the entered data. Calculators, apps, and and Pub. 229 provide the most precise sight reduction prac- computers can provide more accurate solutions than tabular tical, 0.'1 (or about 180 meters). and mathematical methods because they can be based on The Nautical Almanac contains a set of concise sight precise analytical computations rather than rounded values reduction tables and instruction on their use. It also contains inherent in tabular data.