Integration of Industrial Heritage Areas Into the City Through Urban Design: the Case of Sümerbank Nazilli Textile Factory Campus
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INTEGRATION OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE AREAS INTO THE CITY THROUGH URBAN DESIGN: THE CASE OF SÜMERBANK NAZİLLİ TEXTILE FACTORY CAMPUS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ATIF EMRE BAYINDIR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN URBAN DESIGN IN CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING DECEMBER 2019 Approval of the thesis: INTEGRATION OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE AREAS INTO THE CITY THROUGH URBAN DESIGN: THE CASE OF SÜMERBANK NAZİLLİ TEXTILE FACTORY CAMPUS submitted by ATIF EMRE BAYINDIR in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Urban Design in City and Regional Planning Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Halil Kalıpçılar Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. H. Çağatay Keskinok Head of Department, City and Regional Planning Prof. Dr. Bahar Gedikli Supervisor, City and Regional Planning, METU Examining Committee Members: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Olgu Çalışkan City and Regional Planning, METU Prof. Dr. Bahar Gedikli City and Regional Planning, METU Dr. Deniz Altay Kaya City and Regional Planning, Çankaya University Date: 02.12.2019 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Surname: Atıf Emre Bayındır Signature: iv ABSTRACT INTEGRATION OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE AREAS INTO THE CITY THROUGH URBAN DESIGN: THE CASE OF SÜMERBANK NAZİLLİ TEXTILE FACTORY CAMPUS Bayındır, Atıf Emre Master of Science, Urban Design in City and Regional Planning Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Bahar Gedikli December 2019, 162 pages The early 20th century was a modernization period in Turkey, which can be described as a revolution. In this era, transformation of space and society were the main aims of the young Turkish Republic. In this regard industrial facilities were constructed across the country in terms of the principles of statism. Coming to the present day, some of these industrial facilities were closed due to reasons such as change in production patterns, new technological developments and the decrease in productivity. These derelict industrial areas with their physical components and infrastructures, which are not actively used today, are important for the future of urban forms of our cities in many aspects. So as to understand and infer on how they can be conserved and reutilized in cities, first of all, it is important to analyze how those facilities affected on the spatial and social life of cities in past. It can be claimed that there is a relationship between their identities and urbanization process in Turkey. The Sümerbank factories are among these facilities, which remarkably impacted on the spatial and social life of cities. In this thesis, Sümerbank Nazilli Textile Factory will be examined within the framework of the concepts of lost space and industrial heritage, as well as three theories of urban design, namely; figure-ground, linkage and v place theories. In addition, ways of how to integrate it with urban context by protecting it with urban design approaches will be explored. Keywords: Urban Design, Industrial Heritage, Cultural Heritage, Lost Space vi ÖZ SANAYİ MİRAS ALANLARININ KENTSEL TASARIM YOLUYLA KENTLE BÜTÜNLEŞMESİ: SÜMERBANK NAZİLLİ BASMA FABRİKASI YERLEŞKESİ Bayındır, Atıf Emre Yüksek Lisans, Kentsel Tasarım Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Bahar Gedikli Aralık 2019, 162 sayfa 20. yüzyılın başları Türkiye’de devrim olarak nitelendirilebilecek bir modernizasyon dönemidir. Bu dönemde mekanın ve toplumun dönüşümü genç Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin temel hedefleridir. Bu bağlamda devletçilik prensibi ile ülkemizin pek çok yerinde sanayi alanları kurulmaya başlanmıştır. Günümüze gelindiğinde, bu endüstriyel tesislerin bir kısmı, üretim kalıplarındaki değişim, yeni teknolojik gelişmeler ve verimlilikteki azalma gibi nedenlerden dolayı kapatılmıştır. Günümüzde aktif olarak kullanılmayan bu terkedilmiş sanayi alanları fiziksel bileşenleri ve altyapıları birçok yönden şehirlerimizin kentsel formlarının geleceği açısından önemlidir. Bu tesislerin kentlerde nasıl korunabileceğini ve yeniden kullanılabileceğini anlamak ve sonuç çıkarmak için, öncelikle geçmişte şehirlerin mekansal ve sosyal yaşamından nasıl etkilendiğini analiz etmek önemlidir. Bu alanların kimlikleri ile Türkiye’nin kentleşme süreci arasında ilişki olduğu iddia edilebilir. Sümerbank fabrikaları, kentlerin mekânsal ve sosyal yaşamını önemli ölçüde etkileyen bu tesislerin arasında yer almaktadır. Bu tezde, Sümerbank Nazilli Basma Fabrikası endüstriyel miras ve kayıp mekan kavramları ile kentsel tasarımın üç teorisi olan şekil-zemin (figüre-ground), bağlantı (linkage) ve yer (place) teorileri vii çerçevesinde incelenecektir. Ayrıca, kentsel tasarım yaklaşımlarıyla korunarak nasıl kentsel bağlamla bütünleştirileceğinin yolları araştırılacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kentsel Tasarım, Sanayi Mirası, Kültürel Miras, Kayıp Mekan viii To My Family, ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to supervisor, Prof. Dr. Bahar Gedikli for her unlimited guidance, criticism, encouragement and insight throughout my academic education and this research. I would like to thank to examining committee members; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Olgu Çalışkan and Dr. Deniz Altay Kaya for their kind guidance and patience throughout this study. I also would like to gratefully thank to Prof. Dr. M. Adnan Barlas, for he has always been an inspiring person during my education and my private life. I gratefully thank to Nevşehir and Amasya Provincial Directorates for Environment and Urbanization families for their invaluable help and support during this research. My deepest gratitude goes to my friends for their great understanding of what I had been going through. They were always there for me when I needed them. I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my family for their endless patience, tolerance, faith and confident throughout all my life. I am fully grateful to my family who supported me in many aspects throughout this study, to my beloved parents Ahmet Şerif and Havva, my brother Dr. H. Kağan Bayındır, to my dear parents in-law Umut and Aylin, to my sisters Gülben Bütün, Müzeyyen Sağıroğlu, her husband Ahmet and her daughter Eylül. This thesis cannot be completed without their patience, support and motivation. Last but not the least, I also owe my sincere thanks to my beloved wife Duygu, who has always been an inspiration to me. I thank her for giving me whole hearted love, encouragement and endless tolerance. She is the one that always believes in every step I take more than I do. x TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. v ÖZ ........................................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... x TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... xv CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Problem Statement ............................................................................................ 1 1.2. Aims and Method of the Research .................................................................... 3 1.3. Scope of the Research ....................................................................................... 4 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................... 7 2.1. Old Industrial Space Treated As Lost Space ..................................................... 7 2.1.1. The Concept of Lost Space ......................................................................... 7 2.1.2. Other Definitions for the Concept of Lost Space ....................................... 9 2.1.3. The Lost Industrial Space ......................................................................... 12 2.1.4. Dimensions of Lost Space ........................................................................ 13 2.2. Industrial Heritage, Cultural Heritage and Related International Organizations ................................................................................................................................ 17 2.2.1. Evolution of the Concept of Industrial Heritage ....................................... 17 2.2.2. Cultural Heritage....................................................................................... 20 2.2.3. Industrial Heritage .................................................................................... 24 xi 2.2.4. Approaches to Industrial Heritage Conservation And Related International Organizations ...................................................................................................... 28 2.2.4.1. International Organizations ............................................................... 37 2.2.5. Examples of Conservation and Re-Utilization