BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş.
EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
AYDIN PROVINCE, GERMENCIK and INCIRLIOVA DISTRICTS
EIA Report Final EIA Report
ANKARA-AUGUST 2012
Öveçler Huzur Mah. 1139. Sok. Çınar Apt. No: 6/3 ÇANKAYA/ANKARA Ph: 0 312 472 38 39 Fax: 0 312 472 39 33 web: cinarmuhendislik.com e-mail: [email protected]
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BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
NAME OF EMPLOYER BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş.
Aşağı Öveçler 1322. Cadde No:29/6 ADDRESS OF EMPLOYER Çankaya – Ankara / TÜRKİYE TELEPHONE AND FAX Ph: 0 (312) 472 28 21 NUMBERS OF EMPLOYER Fax: 0 (312) 472 28 23
EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT (162,5 MWe) PROJECT NAME PROJECT
PROJECT COST 200.000.000 TL FULL ADDRESS OF THE LOCATION SELECTED FOR Aydın Province, Germencik and İncirliova Districts THE PROJECT (PROVINCE, DISTRICT, LOCATION) Coor. Line: Dextro, Up Datum: ED-50 Coor. Line: Latitude, Longitude Type: UTM Datum: WGS-84 D.O.M.: 27 Type: Geographical COORDINATES OF THE Zone: 35 D.O.M.: - Scale Fac.: 6 degree LOCATION SELECTED FOR Zone: - Sheet Name: Aydın M19 Scale Fac.: THE PROJECT, ZONE Area: (Station:77.003.27 m2) Coordinates are Coordinates are presented presented in the in the following pages. following pages. PLACE OF THE PROJECT APP-I List UNDER THE SCOPE OF EIA Item 47 – Producing the geothermal source LEGISLATION (ITS SECTOR and plants that use geothermal energy (heat AND SUB-SECTOR) capacity 25 MWe and over) NAME OF THE ÇINAR MÜHENDİSLİK MÜŞAVİRLİK A.Ş. ORGANIZATION / WORK Certificate of Competency No : 02 GROUP WHO PREPARED Certificate of Competency Date: 26.02.2010 THIS REPORT Öveçler Huzur Mahallesi 1139. Sok. ADDRESS, TELEPHONE AND Çınar Apt. No: 6/3 06460 FAX NUMBERS OF THE Çankaya / ANKARA ORGANIZATION / WORK
GROUP WHO PREPARED Ph : 0 (312) 472 38 39 THIS REPORT Fax: 0 (312) 472 39 33
REPORT PRESENTATION 17.08.2012 DATE
a BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT UTM 6 Degrees and Geographical Coordinates of the Power Plant Area
Coor. Line: Dextro, Up Coor. Line: Latitude, Longitude Datum: ED-50 Datum: WGS-84 Type: UTM Type: Geographical Project Area D.O.M.: 27 D.O.M.: - Zone: 35 Zone: - Scale Fac.: 6 degree Scale Fac.: 552800.000 4195250.000 37.9016400 27.6000330 560000.000 4194000.000 37.8899286 27.6818209 561000.000 4193000.000 37.8808498 27.6931084 License Area Polygon 1 558300.000 4193000.000 37.8810266 27.6624077 555375.000 4194225.000 37.8922493 27.6292422 554000.000 4193550.000 37.8862484 27.6135546 558300.000 4193000.000 37.8810266 27.6624077 561000.000 4193000.000 37.8808498 27.6931084 560000.000 4190000.000 37.8538790 27.6814887 552800.000 4190000.000 37.8543243 27.5996493 License Area Polygon 2 552800.000 4195250.000 37.9016400 27.6000330 554000.000 4193550.000 37.8862484 27.6135546 554000.000 4192294.000 37.8749287 27.6134607 556725.000 4191800.000 37.8703111 27.6444046
Coor. Line: Latitude, Longitude Coor. Line: Dextro, Up Datum: WGS-84 Datum: ED-50 Type: Geographical Project Area Type: UTM D.O.M.: 27 D.O.M.: - Zone: 35 Zone: - Scale Fac.: 6 degree Scale Fac.: 556924.261 4191632.148 37.8687859 27.6466568 556925.490 4191583.686 37.8683490 27.6466669 556892.872 4191584.634 37.8683596 27.6462962 556889.937 4191532.478 37.8678898 27.6462587 556893.000 4191522.209 37.8677970 27.6462927 556964.048 4191522.631 37.8677964 27.6471005 556964.851 4191493.670 37.8675353 27.6471073 556971.178 4191429.301 37.8669548 27.6471742 557117.132 4191419.454 37.8668569 27.6488327 557134.325 4191436.144 37.8670063 27.6490295 557276.564 4191413.764 37.8667956 27.6506447 557254.103 4191326.175 37.8660077 27.6503825 557231.936 4191235.085 37.8651881 27.6501232 557220.254 4191230.869 37.8651508 27.6499901 557220.660 4191179.959 37.8646920 27.6499907 557206.945 4191137.207 37.8643075 27.6498314 557205.002 4191132.211 37.8642626 27.6498089 557102.661 4191138.875 37.8643291 27.6486460 557094.449 4191140.525 37.8643445 27.6485528 Unit 1 Flash + Unit 2 Binary 556988.017 4191202.825 37.8649126 27.6473478 556927.143 4191230.106 37.8651623 27.6466579 556793.195 4191259.157 37.8654325 27.6451374 556749.102 4191243.793 37.8652968 27.6446349 556685.635 4191221.679 37.8651014 27.6439117 556586.836 4191185.093 37.8647778 27.6427856 556592.519 4191282.689 37.8656570 27.6428579 556600.315 4191337.427 37.8661499 27.6429508 556665.398 4191367.865 37.8664202 27.6436931 556712.714 4191375.839 37.8664891 27.6442316 556710.063 4191397.161 37.8666814 27.6442032 556720.793 4191446.527 37.8671257 27.6443290 556711.932 4191481.309 37.8674397 27.6442310 556747.718 4191481.959 37.8674433 27.6446379 556749.645 4191478.071 37.8674082 27.6446595 556798.081 4191477.724 37.8674020 27.6452101 556802.800 4191575.216 37.8682804 27.6452714 556784.677 4191602.347 37.8685260 27.6450675 556780.827 4191643.489 37.8688970 27.6450270
b BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Coor. Line: Dextro, Up Coor. Line: Latitude, Longitude Datum: ED-50 Datum: WGS-84 Type: UTM Type: Geographical Project Area D.O.M.: 27 D.O.M.: - Zone: 35 Zone: - Scale Fac.: 6 degree Scale Fac.: 553098.825 4193262.348 37.8837089 27.6032856 553104.861 4193263.444 37.8837185 27.6033543 553111.223 4193264.599 37.8837285 27.6034268 553143.501 4193261.679 37.8837003 27.6037936 553156.388 4193263.262 37.8837138 27.6039402 553178.246 4193261.645 37.8836980 27.6041887 553189.258 4193254.222 37.8836304 27.6043133 553196.152 4193257.978 37.8836639 27.6043920 553209.881 4193257.982 37.8836631 27.6045481 553213.752 4193248.024 37.8835731 27.6045914 553224.198 4193226.430 37.8833779 27.6047086 553244.446 4193198.267 37.8831229 27.6049368 553261.227 4193182.226 37.8829774 27.6051264 553270.591 4193167.784 37.8828467 27.6052318 553282.599 4193152.239 37.8827059 27.6053672 553293.619 4193141.601 37.8826093 27.6054917 553301.246 4193132.544 37.8825273 27.6055778 Unit 3 Binary 553324.488 4193124.309 37.8824517 27.6058415 553327.640 4193096.298 37.8821990 27.6058753 553296.773 4193089.119 37.8821362 27.6055237 553295.632 4193073.383 37.8819944 27.6055096 553238.756 4193068.728 37.8819558 27.6048625 553205.915 4193068.103 37.8819521 27.6044890 553201.151 4193105.181 37.8822865 27.6044376 553193.181 4193115.053 37.8823759 27.6043477 553143.223 4193117.376 37.8823998 27.6037798 553088.649 4193116.993 37.8823995 27.6031592 553084.367 4193147.548 37.8826751 27.6031128 553084.701 4193157.593 37.8827657 27.6031173 553098.016 4193174.229 37.8829148 27.6032699 553088.955 4193203.471 37.8831789 27.6031690 553086.018 4193211.789 37.8832540 27.6031363 553086.182 4193225.743 37.8833798 27.6031392 553089.476 4193257.724 37.8836678 27.6031790 553089.828 4193260.714 37.8836947 27.6031832
Coor. Line: Dextro, Up Coor. Line: Latitude, Longitude Datum: ED-50 Datum: WGS-84 Type: UTM Type: Geographical Project Area D.O.M.: 27 D.O.M.: - Zone: 35 Zone: - Scale Fac.: 6 degree Scale Fac.: 554259.682 4190763.278 37.8611177 27.6162983 554260.093 4190759.549 37.8610840 27.6163027 554303.087 4190761.232 37.8610966 27.6167915 554303.760 4190760.815 37.8610928 27.6167992 554278.263 4190568.432 37.8593605 27.6164949 554156.969 4190522.228 37.8589513 27.6151126 554152.480 4190543.707 37.8591451 27.6150632 Unit 4 Binary 554136.704 4190620.397 37.8598373 27.6148896 554141.811 4190627.186 37.8598981 27.6149482 554134.433 4190678.959 37.8603652 27.6148682 554131.021 4190696.443 37.8605230 27.6148307 554132.432 4190744.564 37.8609566 27.6148503 554128.822 4190765.582 37.8611462 27.6148109 554249.290 4190763.945 37.8611243 27.6161802
c BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Coor. Line: Dextro, Up Coor. Line: Latitude, Longitude Datum: ED-50 Datum: WGS-84 Type: UTM Type: Geographical Project Area D.O.M.: 27 D.O.M.: - Zone: 35 Zone: - Scale Fac.: 6 degree Scale Fac.: 558992.800 4190255.412 37.8562466 27.6700612 558993.235 4190338.531 37.8569957 27.6700729 558996.120 4190402.237 37.8575697 27.6701109 559048.626 4190395.794 37.8575082 27.6707073 559043.610 4190357.036 37.8571592 27.6706471 559107.111 4190358.765 37.8571707 27.6713690 559118.202 4190331.340 37.8569228 27.6714929 559129.584 4190295.799 37.8566018 27.6716193 559161.429 4190298.752 37.8566263 27.6719815 Unit 5 Binary 559209.061 4190304.632 37.8566762 27.6725235 559214.993 4190282.514 37.8564765 27.6725891 559197.818 4190230.122 37.8560054 27.6723896 559169.367 4190190.955 37.8556543 27.6720630 559163.798 4190192.903 37.8556722 27.6719998 559094.471 4190200.172 37.8557422 27.6712124 559018.643 4190205.626 37.8557963 27.6703509 558985.519 4190210.138 37.8558391 27.6699748 558986.303 4190255.745 37.8562501 27.6699874
UTM 6 Degrees and Geographical Coordinates of Well Location Areas
Coor. Line: Dextro, Up Coor. Line: Latitude, Longitude Datum: ED-50 Datum: WGS-84 Type: UTM Type: Geographical Well Locations D.O.M.: 27 D.O.M.: - Zone: 35 Zone: - Scale Fac.: 6 degree Scale Fac.: -
ÖB31 557075.000 4190509.000 37.858654 27.648282 ÖB32 557497.000 4190570.000 37.859178 27.653084 ÖB33 557579.000 4190936.000 37.862471 27.654045 ÖB34 556746.000 4191250.000 37.865353 27.644600 ÖB35 556522.000 4190993.000 37.863051 27.642034 ÖB36 557517.000 4191499.000 37.867549 27.653385 ÖB37 558359.000 4190418.000 37.857753 27.662870 ÖB38 556510.000 4190492.000 37.858536 27.641858 ÖB39 556151.000 4191672.000 37.869193 27.637869 ÖB40 557728.000 4191250.000 37.865291 27.655764 ÖB41 557248.000 4190245.000 37.856264 27.650227 ÖB42 556247.000 4190252.000 37.856390 27.638850 ÖB43 557249.000 4190253.000 37.856336 27.650239 ÖB44 555754.000 4191248.000 37.865396 27.633323 ÖB50 552865.000 4190688.000 37.860521 27.600438 ÖB51 554744.000 4191250.000 37.865475 27.621841 ÖB52 555503.000 4190511.000 37.858769 27.630413 ÖB53 555020.000 4190524.000 37.858916 27.624923 ÖB54 553948.000 4192042.000 37.872661 27.612851 ÖB55 552858.000 4190705.000 37.860675 27.600360 ÖB56 553444.000 4190788.000 37.861389 27.607028 ÖB57 553003.000 4191000.000 37.863325 27.602030 ÖB58 552856.000 4190110.000 37.855313 27.600294
d BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Coor. Line: Dextro, Up Coor. Line: Latitude, Longitude Datum: ED-50 Datum: WGS-84 Type: UTM Type: Geographical Well Locations D.O.M.: 27 D.O.M.: - Zone: 35 Zone: - Scale Fac.: 6 degree Scale Fac.: -
ÖB59 554001.000 4191008.000 37.863339 27.613376 ÖB60 555250.000 4190250.000 37.856432 27.627517 ÖB61 554750.000 4190750.000 37.860969 27.621871 ÖB70 553751.000 4192991.000 37.881225 27.610681 ÖB71 553330.000 4193201.000 37.883143 27.605910 ÖB80 559286.000 4191787.000 37.870031 27.673520 ÖB85 559744.000 4190249.000 37.856140 27.678599 ÖB86 558500.000 4190746.000 37.860700 27.664499 ÖB62 555243.000 4191709.000 37.869582 27.627549 ÖB63 556298.000 4191323.000 37.866039 27.639513 ÖB64 556253.000 4190759.000 37.860958 27.638957 ÖB65 555748.000 4190158.000 37.855573 27.633170 ÖB66 554751.000 4190155.000 37.855606 27.621837 ÖB67 554249.000 4190155.000 37.855636 27.616131 ÖB68 554005.000 4191825.000 37.870702 27.613482 ÖB69 554501.000 4192006.000 37.872303 27.619135 ÖB72 553992.000 4193501.000 37.885807 27.613460 ÖB73 552995.000 4193007.000 37.881414 27.602086 ÖB74 552997.000 4193510.000 37.885947 27.602146 ÖB75 553500.000 4193497.000 37.885800 27.607865 ÖB76 554650.000 4194258.000 37.892591 27.621000 ÖB87 557999.000 4191004.000 37.863057 27.658825 ÖB88 558504.000 4190244.000 37.856175 27.664504 ÖB89 557999.000 4190036.000 37.854333 27.658747 ÖB90 558501.000 4191499.000 37.867486 27.664572 ÖB91 559000.000 4191496.000 37.867427 27.670244 ÖB92 558748.000 4192253.000 37.874266 27.667441 ÖB93 560001.000 4191249.000 37.865136 27.681604 ÖB81 559496.000 4191980.000 37.871757 27.675923 ÖB82 559245.000 4192841.000 37.879533 27.673140 ÖB83 559496.000 4191499.000 37.867422 27.675883 ÖB84 559258.000 4190255.000 37.856226 27.673076
e BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
LIST OF CONTENTS Page No
LIST OF CONTENTS ...... i LIST OF TABLES ...... viii LIST OF FIGURES ...... xi LIST OF APPENDICES ...... xiii ABBREVIATIONS ...... xiv NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT ...... xv (Explaining all the works that are planned to be performed during the construction and operation stages of the project and all of the measures taken against the environmental impacts, without using technical terms and in a comprehensive manner) ...... xv SECTION I : PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE ...... 1 The description, life, aims of the service, the table showing the characteristic data of the powerhouses that will be established in the project, market or service areas, as well as country, region and/or province based significances and requirements in terms of economic and social aspects of the project. (the locations of the water sources and their distances to the project area shown on the coloured map, which are as large scaled as the project area and surrounding can be recognised; definition of the measures, which will be taken to maintain the integrity of the irrigation project carried out by General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (SHW); behaving in complience with the Feasibility Report and general information about the report) ...... 1 SECTION II: LOCATION OF THE SELECTED AREA FOR THE PROJECT ...... 13 II.1. Location of the project (Demonstration of the Environmental Plan and the Construction Plan including the legends and plan notes; if these plans do not exist the demonstration on the existing land use map of the location of the project whose correctness was assented by the relevant Governorship or Municipality ...... 13 II.2. The locations of the units of the project (The demonstration of the positions of the whole administrative and social facilities, transmission line routes, which will provide the energy transmission between the units, technical infrastructural units and if available other units in the project area and if available, the demonstration of the project together with other projects if any on 1/25.000 scaled map, the demonstration of the closed and open areas as well as the temporary and permanent storage yards on 1/2000, 1/5000 and/or 1/1000 scaled maps), Powerhouse layout plan, excavation dumping sites, (the distances between each other will be mentioned as well) etc...... 14 II.3. Assessment of the Locations of the Units Within the Scope of the Project with Regard to SHW Irrigation Project ...... 19 II.4 The Interaction of the Project with the Other Plants in the Region ...... 20 SECTION III: ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT ...... 21 III.1. The investment program, financial sources and the supplies of these sources related to the realisation of the project ...... 21 III.2. The flow chart and scheduling table related to conducting the project ...... 21 III.3. The benefit – cost analysis of the project (Considering its potential effect by comparing with agricultural activities and irrigation projects) ...... 23 III.4. Other economical, social and infrastructure projects that are not in the scope of the project but depending on the the realisation of the project, are planned to be carried out by the project owner or other investors ...... 24 III.5. Other economical, social and infrastructure projects that are not in the scope of the project but are indispensable for the realisation of the project and are planned to be carried out by the project owner or other investors ...... 25 III.6. Expropriation, how to perform the relocation, information related to the public disclosure within the scope of the expropriation , ...... 25
i BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
III.7. Other issues ...... 25 SECTION IV: DETERMINATION OF THE AREA THAT WILL BE AFFECTED BY THE UNITS OF THE PROJECT AND EXPLANATION OF THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES IN THIS AREA (*) ...... 26 IV.1. Determination of the area that will be effected by the project (how and according to what the influence area is determined will be explained and the influence area will be shown on the map, the project area and all of the projects that will be in the boundaries of the influence area will be shown in the same map)...... 26 IV.2. The Characteristics of the Physical and Biological Environment and Usage of the Natural Resources in the Influence Area ...... 26 IV.2.1. Meteorological and Climatic Characteristics ...... 26 IV.2.2. Geological properties ...... 41 IV.2.2.1. Regional geology, general geology map of the region with scale 1/25.000, stratigraphic column cross-sections, ...... 41 IV.2.2.2. Geology of project area, large scale of the investigation area (1/25.000 or 1/5.000 if available) geological map of study area and cross-sections of the units in the scope of the project, map scales and legends should be suitable with the ones in text, positive or negative exaggerrations done should be shown in linear scale, preparation of geological maps and cross-sections suitable to mapping techniques, detailing geological information suitable to format) ...... 42 IV.2.2.3. Mass movements (landslide/debris flow), sensitivity analysis, landslide risk map, lanslide-precipitation relationship ...... 47 IV.2.2.4 Slope stability for the areas within the project area, map showing slide movements in slopes, slide analysis (it should be applied even in case of presence of excavation waste), ...... 47 IV.2.2.5. Seismicity and potential of natural disaster, preparation of active/present fault map in detail in a manner showing especially project area and adjacent area in suitable scale (1/25.00 or if available 1/100.000) and chronological information concerning sesimicity, ...... 47 IV.2.2.6. Geotechnical study report, if available (detailed geotechnical studies of all units in the scope of the project), ...... 52 IV.2.3. Hydrogeological Properties (ground water levels; all types of caisson, deep, artesian etc. wells that are still present; safe drawing rates; physical, chemical and bacteriological properties of water; current and planned usage of ground water, flowrates, distances to project area) ...... 53 IV.2.4. Properties of geothermal resource (Potential, level of the geothermal resource; relationship with other geothermal resources/field in the region, safe drawing rate), ...... 54 IV.2.5 Other geothermal resources present in the region and utilization status of them (energy, tourism, warming-heating, greenhousing etc.), production wells and temperature of geothermal water, ...... 54 IV.2.6 Hydrogeological properties (physical, chemical, bacteriological and ecologic properties of lake, river and other wetlands among surfacial water resources, flow rates and seasonal changes of rivers in this scope, overflows, oligotrophic, mosotrophic, eutrophic, dystrophic classification of drainage basin, sedimentation, drainage, coastal ecosystem of all water resources), ...... 55 IV.2.7. Current and planned use of surface waters, properties of basin if available (drinking, using and irrigation water, electricity generation, dams, lakes, ponds, product types and production rates in aquacultural production), whether the project area is within inner continental surface water basin where drinking and using water is supplied, whether so-called stream is feeding any drinking water resource, whether drinking water is taken, ...... 55 IV.2.8. Properties of soil and usage status (soil structure, land use capability, classication, bearing capacity, slope stability, greasiness, erosion, usage for soil operations, pasture, grassland etc. as natural plant cover), ...... 57
ii BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT IV.2.9. Agricultural lands (whether agricultural areas are present, if present agricultural development project areas, size of irrigated and dry agricultural lands, product patterns and yearly production rates of these, place and economic worth of these products in national agriculture), ...... 58 IV.2.10 Forest lands (tree types and quantities, sizes of areas covered and shading property, current and planned protection and/or usage purposes, 1/25.000 scale stand map)...... 63 IV.2.11. Protection areas (National Parks, Natural Parks, Wetlands, Natural Monuments, Nature Reserve Areas, Wildlife Protection Areas, Biogenetic Rezerve Areas, Biosphere Rezerves, Natural Sites and Monuments, Historical, Cultural Sites, Specially Protected Environment Regions, Specially Protected Environment Areas, Tourism Area and Centers, the area in scope of Pasture Law, illustration of distances to protected areas in an comprehensive manner and colored in 1/100.000 scaled map) ...... 65 IV.2.12. Flora and Fauna (species, endemic especially local endemic plant species, the species that are taken under protection with the national and international legislation, rare and endangered species and their existing locations in the area, their distributions in the region, endemism status, their abundance status, names and population of the game animals and the Central Hunting Commission Decisions taken for them. By whom, when and with which method(literature, observation etc.) were the species detected, Collins Bird Guide, The Book of Important Bird Areas in Turkey, The Book of Important Nature Areas in Turkey, Decisions of the Central Hunting Commission, The situation of the species with respect to international agreements like IUCN, Bern Convention, CITES, how much will the species be effected from the project, the demonstration of the vegetation types in the project area on a map. The protection measures that need to be taken for the livings, which might be effected by the project and works. Performing the site flora surveys during the vegetation period and defining this period, for the flora checks by using the Turkish Plants Data Service, (for determining the fauna and flora species two senior biologist should join the field surveys and the surveys should be verified with literature works)...... 71 IV.2.13.Mines and Fossil Fuel Resources (reserves, existing and planned operation conditions, annual productions and their significance and economical values for country or local benefits.) ...... 93 IV.2.14 Animal Husbandry (species, feeding areas, annual production, the position and value of these products in the national economy) ...... 99 IV.2.15. Places with High Landscape Values and Recreation ...... 101 IV.2.16. The lands that are under the ruling and possession of authorised bodies of the state (Military Forbidden Zone, areas allocated to state institutions and organisation for certain purposes, etc.) ...... 103 IV.2.17. Existing pollution load of the project location and its influence area ...... 103 IV.2.18. Other features ...... 115 IV.3. Characteristics of Socio-Economic Environment ...... 116 IV.3.1. Economical Characteristics (the major sectors building the economical structure of the region, the distribution of the local labour to these sectors, the position and importance of the good and service produced in the local sectors, other information) ...... 116 IV.3.2. Population (the urban and rural population in the region, population movements, immigrations, rate of population increases, average household size, other information), ...... 117 IV.3.3. Income (Distribution of the regional income to the sectors, the maximum, minimum and average income per capita), ...... 120 IV.3.4. Unemployment (The unemployed population of the region and its ratio to the population of labour force) ...... 120
iii BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT IV.3.5. Social infrastructure services in the region (education, health, cultural services and the benfeciation situation from such services) ...... 121 IV.3.6. Urban and Rural Land Usages (distribution of the residential areas, current and planned usage areas, in this scope industrial zones, dwellings, tourism zones etc.), ...... 124 IV.3.7. Other Features...... 124 BÖLÜM V: IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE AREA DEFINED IN CHAPTER IV AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN (**) ...... 125 V.1. Projects in land preparation, construction and operation stage, the effecs on physical and biological environment and measures to be taken ...... 125 V.1.1. In the scope of operation for land preparation, where and in how much area the excavation work will be done, excavation amount, materials to be used in excavation, explosive materials, if available information about blasting, impacts and measures taken, where excess excavation soil, rock, sand etc. will be transported, where they will be stored or in what purpose they will be used, coordinates, properties of excavation dump site and planning and pestoration plan of excavation material with 1/1000 scale plan and cross-section views, assents to be taken and properties of temporary storage area, ...... 126 V.1.2. Transportation, storage and usage of flammable, explosive, hazardous, toxic and chemical ones among the materials to be used in land preparation and also construction, and tools and equipment to be used for these operations ...... 128 V.1.3. Transportation infrastructure plan in the scope of project, distances of project site to highways and railways, connection roads to highways, measures to be taken for not damaging current roads to be used for transportation and measures to be taken in terms of traffic safety, operation concerning the construction of transportation infrastructure, properties of newly constructed roads; materials, chemical materials, vehicles and machinery to be used; dust emitting mechanical operations like crushing, grinding, transportation and storage, vehicle payload, type and number, calculation of increase, maps (assents, permits to be taken in this context) ...... 128 V.1.4. Possible effects on physical environment during drilling to be performed concerning the usage of geothermal resource, number of wells to be opened, information about how many of these will be used for reinjection purpose, installation of drilling equipment, roads to access well head and effects on surface morphology in this area and local plant cover and natural life and measures to be taken, ...... 140 V.1.5. Opening geothermal well and possible effects on ground water during construction of other units, measures to be taken while drilling through potential aquifers not to mix ground water with drilling fluids, ...... 140 V.1.6. Mud amount to be used in drilling, how to dispose off after use, operations to be done for purification and separation of this mud from fluid and measures to be taken, information concerning Overflow Protection Facility to be constructed on İl Creek,...... 141 V.1.7. Operations concerning establishment of pipeline to be used in transportation of geothermal fluid and possible effects on surface and measures to be taken, .... 141 V.1.8. Flood study of project area, where and how operations concerning flood prevention and drainage will be made, ...... 141 V.1.9. Operations to be performed to provide ground safety, ...... 142 V.1.10. Dust emitting operations lilke crushing, grinding, washing, screening, transportation and storage during construction and cumulative values, ...... 142 V.1.11. The size of agricultural lands to be used in order to supply of lands necessary for land preparation and construction area, land use capabilties of these and types of agricultural products, informaton about non-agricultural use of agricultural lands, pasture lands, evaluation of the project in terms of Soil
iv BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Protection and Land Use Law No: 5403, Pasture Law No: 4342, Aquaculrue Law No: 1380, (stating assents of Soil Protection Commission), ...... 143 V.1.12. Types and numbers of trees to be cut in order to supply necessary land for land preparation and construction area, stand type, shading area, effects of cut trees on forest ecosystem in the region, necessary permits, assents, distance of project area to forests in case of outlying of one or more project units, assessment of impacts, measures to be taken, ...... 144 V.1.13. Fuel types, properties to be used in operations starting from land preparation to opening of the units, measures to be taken against possible emissions, vapor and H2S values to be emitted to atmosphere and impacts, ...... 146 V.1.14. Water supply system plan, from where will be supplied, types and amount of wastewater due to operations performed from land preparation to opening of the units, disposal methods, mediums to be discharged, illustration locations of wastewater lines and if present wastewater treatment plant on a plan, attachment of fosseptic plan into the report in case of collection of wastewaters, ...... 147 V.1.15 Types and amounts of solid wastes to be formed from land preparation to opening of the units, where to transport these wastes or for what purposes to use them, ...... 149 V.1.16. Noise and vibration sources and levels that may emerge due to operations to be done from land preparation to opening of the units, cumulative values, ...... 152 V.1.17. Operations concerning construction of energy transmission line between units, grounding prosedures in power lines, ...... 157 V.1.18. From land preparation to opening of the units how and where the accomodation and other technical/social infrastructure needs of the personnel to be employed and their families will be provided, ...... 158 V.1.19. Environment and health; risky and hazardous ones for human health and environment among the operations pursued from land preparation to opening of the units, health protection band distance, compliance with expropriation borders of drainage channels engaged into operation of SHW, not approaching Mursallı Pumpage Irrigation Channel closer than 10 m and leaving protection distance, .... 158 V.1.20. In how much area and how to perform landscaping activities (forestation and/or green spaces etc.) for creating landscaping elements and for other purposes in the project area, plant and tree types to be selected for these activities, ...... 159 V.1.21. Determination of the possible effects on the underground and aboveground cultural and natural assets (traditional urban fabric, archaeological remains, and natural values to be protected) ...... 171 V.1.22. Other Properties...... 171 V.2. Subprojects during the operation phase of the project, their effects on the physical and biological environment, and precautions to be taken ...... 172 V.2.1. Specification of the all units within the project (including structures to be used for power transmission line), distribution of the activities according to the units, their capacities, energy production quantities to be produced in each unit, (Operating times of the plant), ...... 174 V.2.2. Transportation and storage of hazardous, toxic, inflammable and explosive substances used in units during production, ...... 177 V.2.3. Precautions to be taken for heavy metals and toxic chemicals carried by the geothermal fluid (arsenic, lead, zinc, boron with substantial amounts carbonate, silicate, sulphate, chlorine etc.) and gases like carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, ...... 178 V.2.4. Properties and amounts of the machinery instruments and tools to be used in the facility units, ...... 179 V.2.5. Production of goods and/or services at the operation units; current output of end and sub products; where, how much, and how to be marketed; where, how, and how much the population and/or area the services are presented, ...... 182
v BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT V.2.6. Evaluation of the geothermal resources after the usage or disposal systems; reinjection to ensure the continuity of the resource; the number of reinjection wells, depth, capacity, ...... 182 V.2.7. Due to the utilization of geothermal source, possible effects of the corrosion over the protective liner of the pipe system used in source production and transportation on the groundwater; Precautions to be taken to prevent the damage in cold groundwater aquifer ...... 183 V.2.8. The effects of the using the geothermal resources on the other geothermal resources/basins and the precautions to be taken, ...... 183 V.2.9. Possible effects on the topsoil due to the use of the geothermal resource, risk evaluation of collapse or sink occurrences ...... 184 V.2.10. Discarding of the geothermal fluid to the environment during well cleaning or during the operation to start production of a closed well, the effects that might occur and the precautions to be taken for the interaction of the fluid with the environment, ...... 184 V.2.11. Quantities of boilers and/or cooling water to be used in the facility units, the processes to be applied to the water before sending it to which receiving water environment and the properties of the water to be sent, ...... 184 V.2.12. Definition of the potential effects on forest lands and measures to be taken against these effects, ...... 190 V.2.13. Definitions of the potential effects on agricultural lands and measures to be taken against these effects, measures to be taken to prevent possible soil contamination during the use of geothermal fluid, (and stating the opininon of Soil Conservation Commission), ...... 190 V.2.14. How and where to provide the needs of accomodational and other social/technical infrastructure needs of personnel to be employed in operations of the project and their families, ...... 190 V.2.15. Detailing characteristic process of treatment plant applied for treatment of wastewater formed after use of water for drinking and using purposes in administrative and social units, ...... 190 V.2.16. Quantity and quality of solid wastes to be formed in administrative and social facilities, how and where to transport these wastes or for which purposes and how they will be utilized, ...... 192 V.2.17. Risky and hazardous operation in terms of human health and environment in operation stage of the project and measures to be taken,...... 196 V.2.18. Electromagnetic field strengths due to power tranmission lines planned to be established between the units and its effects, comparison with national and international standards, explanation of measures to be taken by considering possible effects in terms of human and environment, ...... 196 V.2.19. While the project is in operation assesing the cumulative impacts together with the other geothermal plants in the region, ...... 200 V.2.20. Other properties...... 200 V.3. The Impacts of the Project on the Socio-Economic Environment (***) ...... 200 (***) In this section interviews need to be made with the local people, who will be effected by the projects realisation, especially about the agricultural areas to be sold out, preserving the integrity of expropriation and relocation issues...... 200 V.3.1. The expected increase in the income with the project’s realisation; population movements, migrations, education, health, culture, other social and techincal infrastructure services and changes in the condition of being beneficiated from such services, etc., ...... 200 V.3.2. Environmental Benefit – Cost Analysis ...... 201 V.3.3. Assesing the social impacts depending on thew realisation of the project. (The irrigation projects in the project area and in its effective area, farming, animal breeding and tourism activities as well as all the other activities, the impact of project on these, whether the heat, emerged during the emperature adjustment to
vi BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT be made for the reinjection of the geothermal fluid, can be used in green houses, contribution of the project to the heating activities in the region, the relationship of the people who will work during the construction and operation of the project with the locals, the impacts of these on the lives and Social İmpact Analysis with respect to Socio-Economic Issue, related to the integrated usage of geothermal source (social responsibility projects that will be conducted in terms of thermal tourism or green house activities), ...... 202 BÖLÜM VI: OPERATION, THE IMPACTS THAT MAY OCCUR AND CONTINUE AFTER THE CLOSURE OF THE PROJECT AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN AGAINST THESE IMPACTS (GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT, WELL LOCATIONS, PRODUCTION AND REINJECTION WELLS) ...... 204 VI.1. Land Reclamation and Development Works, ...... 204 VI.2. Impacts on the existing water sources, irrigation projects, ...... 204 VI.3. Seismic movements that may occur in underground...... 204 SECTION VII : ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT ...... 205 (In this section the selection of the location, technology, the precautions to be taken, comparing the alternatives and the order of the selections are addressed. As the project units effect the SHW irrigation project in a negative way, the alternative land comparisons will be performed in detail and all of the alternative areas will be evaluated by also taking the opinions of the Commission of Soil Protection) ...... 205 SECTION VIII: MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 206 VIII.1. The suggested monitoring program for the the construction of the activity, the suggested monitoring program for the operation activity and after operation stage and emergency response plan, Environment Management Team ...... 206 VIII.2. In Case the EIA Positive Ceritficate will be given, the schedule related to realisation of the terms mentioned under the title of “The liabilities of the institutions/organisation that took the Certificate of Competency” under the Competency Paper...... 218 SECTION IX: PUBLIC PARTICIPTION ...... 219 (How and with which methods are the local community is informed, the opinions of the community about the project and explanations about the subject)...... 219 SECTION X: CONLUSIONS ...... 222 (The summary of all the comments, a overal assessment, where the the significant environmental effects of the project are listed and at what degree of success can be achieved in preventing the negative environmental impacts in case the project is realised is mentioned, in the scope of the project selections between the alternatives and the reasons of these selections) ...... 222 APPENDICES NOTES AND REFERENCES INTRODUCTION OF THE WORK GROUP WHO PREPARED EIA REPORT
vii BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT LIST OF TABLES Page No
Table I.1. Long Term Estimation of Electrical Energy Demand in Turkey ...... 2 Table.I.2. The Comparison of Geothermal Applications in Turkey and 2013 Target...... 4 Table II.1.1 The Settlements Surrounding the Project Area and the Distances of the Settlements to the Project Units ...... 13 Table II.2.1 Units of 72.5 MWe and 22,5 MWe Powerhouses ...... 14 Table III.2.1. Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project Scheduling Table...... 22 Table III.3.1. The Economical Analysis Results of the Investment of Efe Geothermal Power Plant ...... 23 Table IV.2.1.1. Long Term Pressure Data ...... 27 Table IV.2.1.2. Long Term Temperature Data ...... 28 Table IV.2.1.3. Temperature Data ...... 29 Table IV.2.1.4. Long Term Precipitation Data ...... 30 Table IV.2.1.5. Humidity Data ...... 30 Table IV.2.1.6. The Evaporation Values Obtained from Aydın Meteorology Station ...... 31 Table IV.2.1.7. Data of Counted Days ...... 32 Table IV.2.1.8. Wind Distribution Values of Aydın Meteorology Station ...... 34 Table IV.2.1.9. Data of the Direction and Speed of the Highest Blowing Wind ...... 34 Table IV.2.1.10. Data of the Number of Storm and Strong Wind Days ...... 35 Table IV.2.1.11. Average Speeds and Blowing Number Sums of the Winds according to the Directions ...... 36 Table IV.2.1.12. Seasonal Blowing Sums of Wind according to Directions ...... 38 Table IV.2.2.5.1. Large Earthquakes Recorded in Aydın Province and Surrounding (M≥5) ...... 50 Table IV.2.4.1. Distance of Efe Geothermal Power Plant to Neighbouring Geothermal Resources ...... 54 Table IV.2.7.1. Technical Properties of Hıdırbeyli Dam ...... 56 Table IV.2.8.1. Land Distribution of Aydın Province ...... 57 Table IV.2.9.1. Usage of Cultivated Lands in Aydın Province ...... 58 Table IV.2.7.2. Poaceae Cultivation Areas and Production Rates of Aydın Province in 2010 ...... 59 Table IV.2.7.3. Forage Plants Cultivation Areas and Production Rates of Aydın Province in 2010 ...... 59 Table IV.2.7.4. Industrial Vegetation Cultivation Areas and Production Rates of Aydın Province in 2010 ...... 59 Table IV.2.7.5. Fruit Production in Aydın Province in 2010 ...... 60 Table IV.2.7.6. Vegetable Cultivation Areas and Production Rates of Aydın Province in 2010 ...... 61 Table IV.2.7.7. Pesticide Usage According to Product Groups in 2010 ...... 62 Table IV.2.12.1. Plant Species That May Be Found With A High Probability In The Project Area And Its Surroundings Due To Their Habitat Feature And Their Turkish Names, Pyhtogeographical Regions, Endemism Status, IUCN Red Data Book Categories And Habitats ...... 75 Table IV.2.12.2. Red Data Book categories determined by Prof. Dr. Ali Demirsoy (1996) ...... 85 Table IV.2.12.4. Amphibian Species That May Be Found With A High Probability In The Project Area And Its Surroundings Due To Their Habitat Feature And Their Conservation Status ...... 88 Table IV.2.13.1. Mine Deposit and Developments in Aydın Province ...... 95 Table IV.2.13.2 Reserve and Qualities of the Quartz Deposits ...... 96 Table IV.2.13.3. Lignite Sites and Their Reserves, ...... 97 Table IV.2.14.1. Numbers of Bovines in Aydın Province ...... 99
viii BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.2.14.2. The Quantities of the Performed Artificial Seeding in Aydın Province by Years ...... 99 Table IV.2.14.3. Aydın Province Ovine Assets, ...... 99 Table IV.2.14.4. Aydın Province Poultry Assets , ...... 100 Table IV.2.14.5. Aydın Province Aquacultural Resources Production in Years 2009 ve 2010, ...... 100 Table IV.2.14.6. Aydın Province Apiculture Data by Years, ...... 100 Table IV.2.17.1. The Instruments, Reference Turkish and EU Standards, Standard Methods and SamplingMeasurement Instructions That Were Used In Determining the Current Situation ...... 107 Table IV.2.17.2. Air Quality Gas Measurement (SO2 and VOC) (Polluter Measurement with Passive Diffusion Tubes) Analysis results and Short Term Limit Values taken from the IBAPCR...... 109 Table IV.2.17.3. Analysis Results of the Surface Water Samples Taken in the Scope of the Determination of the Current Situation ...... 110 Table IV.2.17.4. Analysis Results of the Groundwater Samples Taken in the Scope of the Current Situation Determination Studies...... 112 Table IV.2.17.5. The water classes, their qualities and areas of usage defined in Water Pollution Control Regulation Table 1. Inland Water Quality Criteria according to the Classes ...... 113 Table IV.2.17.6. Soil Sample Productivity Analyses ...... 114 Table IV.2.17.7. Measurement Results of Particle Material (PM10) ...... 115 Tablo IV.2.17.8. Noise Levels Determined at the Measurement Points ...... 115 Table IV.3.2.1. Population Distribution of Aydın Province in 2011...... 118 Table IV.3.2.2. Population Distribution of Germencik District in 2011 ...... 118 Table IV.3.2.3. Population Distribution of İncirliova District in 2011 ...... 119 Table IV.3.2.4. Immigration, Emigration, Net Migration and Net Migration Rate of Aydın Province...... 119 Table IV.3.2.5. Immigration and Emigration of Aydın Province by the Residential Areas ...... 119 Table IV.3.3.1 Germencik District SocioEconomical Indicators ...... 120 Table IV.3.4.1 The unemployment, labour force participation and employment data of Aydın Province...... 121 Table IV.3.5.1. Aydın Province, The Types and Numbers of the Primary and High Schools ...... 121 Table IV.3.5.2. The Medical Establishments Located in Aydın Province Center and the Districts and Their Bed Numbers ...... 122 Table IV.3.5.3. Aydın Province, Incident, Potential Incident and Fatality Numbers related to the Diseases Whose Notification is Mandatory ...... 123 Table IV.3.6.1. Aydın Province Cultural Land Usages ...... 124 Table V.1.3.1. Distances of Units to Highways and Railways ...... 128 Table V.1.3.2. The Closest Data of Mobile Station of Vehicle Count and Classification Station to Project Area ...... 135 Table V.1.3.3. Emission Factors to be used İn Mass Flow Calculations of Dust Emissions IBAPCR (Table 12.6) ...... 136 Table V.1.11.1. Land Assets To Be Used In The Scope Of The Project ...... 143 Table V.1.13.1. Emission Factors Sourcing from Diesel Vehicles (kg/ton) ...... 146 Table V.1.13.2. Machinery and Equipment to be used in Construction Operations ...... 147 Table V.1.13.3. Gas Emission Values...... 147 Tablo V.1.14.1. The places to use water, quantities, supply points, wastewater amounts and the manners of disposal of wastewater in land preparation and construction stages of the project ...... 148 Table V.1.14.2. Total Pollutant Load of Domestic Waste Water to be formed in Land Preparation and Construction Stages ...... 148 Table V.1.16.1.Machinery and Equipment to be used in Construction Operations ...... 152
ix BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Table V.1.16.2. Data Concerning Noise Sources ...... 156 Table V.1.16.3. Ambient Noise Limit Values for Construction Sites ...... 156 Table V.1.20.1. Plant Properties and Classification ...... 166 Table V.2.3.1 Mole Percentages of the Gases in 1 Mole From the Cooling Tower Outlet ...... 178 Table V.2.4.1. Properties of the Project Units ...... 179 Table V.2.11.1. Sodium Hypochlorite – Nalco 3434 Mixture ...... 188 Table V.2.11.2. Chemical Nalco 3dt180 ...... 188 Table V.2.11.3. Chemical Nalco 3dt190 ...... 188 Table V.2.11.4. Conversion Factors of Water Components ...... 189 Table V.2.15.1. Places of Water Usage, Quantities, Supply Points, Wastewater Quantities and Disposal Methods of Wastewater ...... 191 Table V.2.15.2. Total Contamination Load of Domestic Wastewater to be formed in Operation Stage...... 191 Table V.2.18.1. Relative Risks of Factors Possibly Causing Cancer ...... 197 Tablo V.2.18.2. Magnetic Field Strengths of the Electrical Home Appliances ...... 198 Table V.2.18.3. Limit Values for 50/60 Hz. Electrical and Magnetic Fields ...... 199 Table V.2.18.4. Electrical And Magnetic Fields Sourced By The High Voltage Electricity Transmission Facilities (Right Below The Overhead Line, Right Above The Subsurface Line, The Approximate Measurement Interval On Transformer Centre’s (TC) Fence) ...... 199 Table V.2.18.5. Electrical and Max. Field Strength Sourced by the High Voltage Electricity Transmission Facilities ...... 199 Table VIII.1.1. Mitigation Plan ...... 207 Table VIII.1.2. Monitoring Program ...... 213
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LIST OF FIGURES Page No Figure I.1. The Formation Model of the Geothermal System ...... 4 Figure I.2. Assessment and Comparison of Geothermal Energy in Turkey and in the World ...... 5 Figure I.3. Current Situation of Geothermal Energy in Turkey and its Future ...... 5 Figure I.4. Process Flow Sheet ...... 9 Figure I.5. Process Flow Sheet ...... 10 Figure I.6. Representative Flow Sheet ...... 11 Figure II.2.1. In the Environmental Survey Studies Performed in the Scope of the Project; a View of Unit1 and Unit2 Binary Systems (1) ...... 16 Figure II.2.2. In the Environmental Survey Studies Performed in the Scope of the Project; a View of Unit1 and Unit2 Binary Systems (2) ...... 16 Figure II.2.3. In to the Environmental Survey Studies Performed in the Scope of the Project; a View of Unit3 Binary System ...... 17 Figure II.2.4. In to the Environmental Survey Studies Performed in the Scope of the Project; a View of Unit4 Binary System ...... 17 Figure II.2.5. In to the Environmental Survey Studies Performed in the Scope of the Project; a View of Unit5 Binary System (1) ...... 18 Figure II.2.6. In to the Environmental Survey Studies Performed in the Scope of the Project; a View of Unit1 and Unit2 Binary System (2) ...... 18 Figure IV.2.1.1. The Graphical Demonstration of the Monthly Local Pressure Values Taken from Aydın Meteorology Station ...... 28 Figure IV.2.1.2. Graphical Demonstration of Temperature Values ...... 29 Figure IV.2.1.3. Graphical Demonstration of Precipitation Values ...... 30 Figure IV.2.1.4. Graphical Demonstration of Minimum and Average Relative Humidity Data ...... 31 Figure IV.2.1.5. Graphical Demonstration of Evaporation Data ...... 32 Figure IV.2.1.6. Graphic of the Numbers of Snow and Snow Covered Days ...... 33 Figure IV.2.1.7. Graphic of the Number of Foggy, Hail, Hoarfrost and Thunderstorm Days ...... 33 Figure IV.2.1.8. Graphic of Monthly Average Wind Speed and Maximum Wind Speed ...34 Figure IV.2.1.9. Graphical Demonstration of the Maximum Wind Speed ...... 35 Figure IV.2.1.10. Graphic of Storm and Strong Wind Days ...... 36 Figure IV.2.1.11. Annual Wind Diagram according to the Numbers of Blowing Wind, ...... 37 Figure IV.2.1.12. Annual Wind Diagram according to the Average Wind Speed, ...... 38 Figure IV.2.1.13. Seasonal Wind Diagram According to Blowing Numbers ...... 39 Figure IV.2.1.14. Seasonal Wind Diagram According to Average Wind Speeds ...... 39 Figure IV.2.1.15. Monthly Wind Diagram According to Blowing Numbers ...... 40 Figure IV.2.1.16. Monthly Wind Diagram According to Average Wind Speed ...... 40 Figure IV.2.2.1.1. The Generalized Stratigraphical ColumnCrosssection of the Project Area and Surrounding ...... 42 Figure IV.2.2.1.2. AydınGermencik MRE AG2011/2 Geothermal Borehole Log ...... 45 Figure IV.2.2.5.1. Seismicity Map of Aydın Province ...... 49 Figure IV.2.2.5.2. The Earthquakes Recorded in the Project Area and Whose Magnitudes Are Higher Than 5 ...... 50 Figure IV.2.2.5.3. Active Faults Map of the Project Area and Surrounding ...... 52 Figure IV.2.7.1. The Current Water Usage Status, Planned and Current Irrigation Facilities Located in Project and Adjacent Area ...... 56 Figure.IV.2.9.1. Products Obtained from Agricultural Production ...... 63 Figure.IV.2.10.1. The Distances of the Powerhouse Areas to Fertile Forest Lands ...... 64 Figure IV.2.11.1. Sensitive Areas Located in Aydın Province and Surrounding ...... 65 Figure IV.2.12.1. Location Of The Project Area according To Grid Square System ...... 72
xi BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure IV.2.12.2. Phytogeographic Regions of Turkey And Anatolian Diagonal (EUR. SİB.: EuroSiberian Phytogeographic Region, Mes.: Mediterranean Phytogeographic Region, IR.TUR.: IranoTuranian Phytogeographic Region) ...... 72 Figure IV.2.12.3. Phytogeographical Region Spectrum of The Plants Existing in The Flora List and Being in Species and SubSpecies Categories ...... 82 Figure IV.2.12.4. The Spectrum of The Families in the Flora List ...... 82 Figure IV.2.12.5. Relationship between IUCN Categories ...... 87 Figure IV.2.15.1. A View Around the Project Area (1) ...... 102 Figure IV.2.15.2. A View Around the Project Area (2) ...... 102 Figure IV.2.17.1. View from the Area Where the Passive Diffusion Tubes Were Placed (1) ...... 104 Figure IV.2.17.2. View from the Area Where the Passive Diffusion Tubes Were Placed (2) ...... 105 Figure IV.2.17.3. View from Noise Measurements (3) ...... 106 Figure V.1.3.1. Map of Connections of State Highways in Unit 1 Flash + Unit 2 Binary Area ...... 130 Figure V.1.3.2. Map of Connections of State Highways in Unit 3 Binary Area ...... 131 Figure V. 1.3.3. Map of Connections of State Highways in Unit 4 Binary Area ...... 132 Figure V.1.3.4. Map of Connections of State Highways in Unit 5 Binary Area ...... 133 Figure V.1.3.5. Traffic Load Map of Aydın Region Motorway and State Highways ...... 134 Figure V.1.12.1. View Of Unit 1 Flash + Unit 2 Binary Plant Area ...... 144 Figure V.1.12.2. View Of Unit 3 Binary Plant Area...... 145 Figure V.1.12.3. View Of Unit 4 Binary Plant Area...... 145 Figure V.1.12.4. View Of Unit 5 Binary Plant Area...... 146 Figure V.1.16.1. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Truck ...... 153 Figure V.1.16.2. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Excavator ...... 153 Figure V.1.16.3. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Crane ...... 153 Figure V.1.16.4. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Generator ...... 154 Figure V.1.16.5. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Concrete Pump ...... 154 Figure V.1.16.6. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Concrete Mixer...... 154 Figure V.1. 16.7. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Loader ...... 155 Figure V.1.20.1. Stripping the Topsoil During the Construction Stage ...... 160 Figure V.1.20.2. Storing Methods of Topsoil...... 161 Figure V.1.20.3. a and b Storing Methods of Topsoil, Geotextile Application ...... 161 Figure V.1.20.4. Material Deposits and Stacking Made in the Scope of the Erosion Prevention Methods ...... 163 Figure V.1.20.5. Sedimanlardan Kaynaklı Su Kirliliğini Azaltma Ve Önleme Yöntemleri; Silt Kafes, Saman Balyası ...... 164 Figure V.1.20.6. Silt Cage Application in Sedimentation Control ...... 164 Figure V.1.20.7. a Pruning of the shoot roots, b Sowing Coniferous Shoots, c Sowing Leaved Shoots and d Sowing Bushes ...... 168 Figure V.1.20.8. Planting Distances for a) Coniferous, b) Leaved Shoots and c) Bushes ...... 169 Figure V.1.20.9. In Hole Sowing Technique ...... 169 Figure V.1.20.10. The Application Mistakes Made During The Planting In The Holes ... 170 Figure V.1.20.11. Sample Plant Screens to be Planned to be Used During the Landscaping and Reclamation Woks ...... 170 Figure V.2.1.1. Schematic View of Steam Turbine ...... 175 Figure V.2.11.1 Flowsheet of the Cooling Tower ...... 189 Figure IX.1. A View From Public Participation Meeting (1) ...... 220 Figure IX.2. A View From Public Participation Meeting (2) ...... 220 Figure IX.3. A View From Public Participation Meeting (3) ...... 221 Figure IX.4. A View From Public Participation Meeting (4) ...... 221
xii BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT LIST OF APPENDICES
App-1 Official Writings and Documents App-1.1. Opinion of Regional Directorate of Highways 2. Regional Directorate App-1.2. Decision of the Commission of Soil Conservation App-1.3. Operation License App-1.4. Field Characteristics of Station Area App-1.5. Opinion of SHW 21. Regional Directorate App-1.6. Geothermal Potential Report of License Area App-1.7 GEP Conformity Letter of Special Provincial Administration App-1.8 Meeting Minutes of Public Participation App-1.9 Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) Conformity Letter App-1.10 Opinion of Natural Assets App-1.11 Opinion of Turkish State Railways (TSR) Directorate of 3. Region App-1.12 Permit for NonAgricultural Use
App-1.13 Commitment
App-2 Location of Project in Turkey (Locality Map) App-3 Project Area Demonstration on 1/100.000 Scaled Environment Plan, Legends and Plan Notes App-4 The Project Area and Its Surrounding 1/25.000 Scaled Topographic Map App-5 The Project Area and Its Surrounding 1/25.000 Scaled Map of Land Assets App-6 The Project Area and Its Surrounding 1/25.000 Scaled Geological Map App-7 The Project Area and Its Surrounding 1/25.000 Scaled Vegetation Map App-8 Due Diligence Studies, Measurement and Analyses Report, H2S Measurement Report of a Current Operating Plant and 1/25.000 Scaled Topographic Map App-9 Meteorological Records of Long Years from Aydın Meteorology Station, The Maximum Precipitation Values Observed in Standard Periods and Relevant Graphics, App-10 Social Impact Assessment Report App-11 Emergency REsponce Plan App-12 Single Line Diagram of the Project App-13 Plan of Cesspool and Package Treatment Plant App-14 Noise Maps App-15 Locality Plan App-16 The Report of AG2 Well Opened by MTA App-17 Irrigation Area Map of Hıdırbeyli and Aydın Plains
xiii BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT ABBREVIATIONS
EU : European Union : T.R. Ministry of Environment and National Parks; General Directorate of Nature Conservation HCD and National Parks; Central Hunting Commission Decisions for 20112012 Hunting Season BERN CONVENTION : Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats Rfr. : Refer to EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment AMENR : Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise Regulation dated 01.07.2005 No. 25862 EMRA : Energy Market Regulatory Authority g : Gram h : Hour PAQR : Protection of Air Quality Regulation AMAQR : Assessment and Management of Air Quality Regulation kg : Kilogram m : Meter mm : Millimetre Max : Maximum Min : Minimum MW : Megawatt WPCR : Water Pollution Control Regulation IBAPCR : Industrial Based Air Pollution Control Regulation TETC : Turkish Electrical Transmission Company TC : Transformation Center Etc. : etcetera SW : Surface Water GLC : Ground Level Concentration % : Percent GPP : Geothermal Power Plant
xiv BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT (Explaining all the works that are planned to be performed during the construction and operation stages of the project and all of the measures taken against the environmental impacts, without using technical terms and in a comprehensive manner)
The Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project is planned to be established and operated in Aydın Province, Germencik and Incirliova Districts. Efe Geothermal Power Plant was handed over to Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. on 28.11.2011 with a 28,3 km2 width geothermal license site for 30 years.
In order to beneficiate the geothermal source existing in the license site and located in the boundaries of Aydın Province, Germencik District and İncirliova District, Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. plans to establish and operate Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project with 162,5 MWe installed power (1 x 72,5 MWe triple flash vapour powerhouse + 4 x 22,5 MWe binary cycle powerhouse).The operation license of the Project area is given in the appendices (Rfr. App1.3).
The coordinates of the mentioned 5 powerhouses and reinjection wells are given in the introduction section of the report. The detailed studies of the production and reinjection wells to be opened in the scope of the Project have been in progress.
In order to connect the electrical energy that will be produced in Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project to the national interconnecting system, necessary communications will be made with Turkish Electricity Transmission Company (TETC) and the generated energy will be transferred to main power site that is located in the Unit1 + Unit2 Binary Power Plant area via 31,5 kV power line. From there the electrical energy will be transferred to Germencik main transformer station via a single 154 kV power line.
In terms of the usage of the locations, which correspond to the project areas, renting or purchasing will be carried out or expropriation will be conducted in compliance with Item 15 clauses c and d of Electricity Market Law No. 4628 (amended with the law No. 5496). Any work (land preparation and construction) will not be commenced on these areas before leasing and expropriation work are finalised.
After the construction works and start up of the operation, new job opportunities will be created for the local community. It is estimated that during the land preparation and construction stage of the project 350 people and during the operation 100 people will be employed. The recruitments will be primarily supplied from the local community.
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SECTION I
PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT SECTION I : PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE The description, life, aims of the service, the table showing the characteristic data of the powerhouses that will be established in the project, market or service areas, as well as country, region and/or province based significances and requirements in terms of economic and social aspects of the project. (the locations of the water sources and their distances to the project area shown on the coloured map, which are as large scaled as the project area and surrounding can be recognised; definition of the measures, which will be taken to maintain the integrity of the irrigation project carried out by General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (SHW); behaving in complience with the Feasibility Report and general information about the report)
Consumption of the electrical energy is one of the most significant indications of the economical development and social welfare. In a country the electrical generation and/or consumption per capita bears a great importance as this reflects the living standards of that country. As a fast growing and industrialised country, Turkey today is in a need of continuous, high quality, reliable and economical energy.
Although per capita electrical energy consumption had reached to 2.773 kWh (gross) at the beginning of year 2008, when it is considered that this value is 6.500 kWh/person in Europe and the World average is 2.350 kWh /person, it can be seen that the electrical energy per capita in our country is quite low. For this reason the necessity to increase the electrical supply is obvious.
Especially in our country the need for energy has been continuously increasing depending on the overall development. To meet this vital need in order to beneficiate clean, natural, environment friendly and renewable energy sources at the highest level, geothermal energy generation is very important.
Yet, in the Ninth Development Plan (20072013) the vision of Turkey was expressed as “Turkey, a country of information society, growing in stability, sharing more equitably, globally competitive and fully completed her coherence with the European Union” . In this context:
It is ultimately targeted that the energy that is demanded by the economic growth and social development, is supplied in a continuous, reliable manner and with minimum cost. While the demand for energy is met, keeping the environmental negative effects minimum, using the energy at every stages from production to consumption in an efficient and economical manner are desired.
In the electrical industry, it was planned that the privatisation of the governmental production powerhouses and distribution systems would be performed in accordance with the Strategy Paper, which was entered into force in 2004. It was also planned that in order to gain the benefits expected from privatisation of the distribution and production systems in possibly shortest time, the process will be accelerated.
In order to enhance the supply security, a more balanced diversification of the primary energy resources and the original countries is aimed. It is also targeted to push up the share of the domestic and renewable energy at highest level.
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It was stated that upon with the withdrawal of government from the industry, in order to compensate the lack of production to be emerged by the private sector and to initiate the investments for new production in parallel with supplydemand projections forthwith, the favourable conditions will be provided if required by regulating the necessary legislation. This way, the existing plants will be privatised and the burden of new investments will not be kept on the government. It was also envisaged that the government would be organised in the scope of regulating and inspecting roles, closely follow up the supply security and take precautions when required.
The investments in electricity transmission, which will be kept under government’s responsibility, will be proceeded in a manner that the electricity safety and reliability will be preserved.
Within the frame of privatisation of the electrical industry, in order to enhance the competitive power of the economy and increase the welfare level of the population, it is targeted to establish a system in which the energy will be generated with the most reasonable cost.
During the period of the plan, it is envisaged that there will be 6,2% increase in the first energy demand in parallel with economical and social development. It is expected that natural gas consumption will be increased from 28% to 34% and the petroleumbased products will be receded from 37% to 31%. On the other hand, during the period of Ninth Development Plan the electricity demand will be increased by 8,1%, mainly depending on the progresses in the industry, manufacturing and services sectors.
In our days, there are studies performed in many countries to implement the national programs related to providing the economical progress by means of sustainable energy sources and establishing the strategies for achieving the defined sustainable targets. The energy subject that has become globalised in time and liberal economical models followed with changing market conditions, has necessitated the application of new energy policies, which might contribute to the economical recovery at the highest level.
The electrical energy longterm demand estimation for Turkey is presented in Table I.1.
Table I.1. Long Term Estimation of Electrical Energy Demand in Turkey PEAK DEMAND ENERGY DEMAND YEAR MW INCREASE (%) GWh INCREASE 2005 25000 159650 2006 28270 13,1 176400 10,5 2007 30560 8,1 190700 8,1 2008 33075 8,2 206400 8,2 2009 35815 8,3 223500 8,3 2010 38785 8,3 242020 8,3 2011 41965 8,2 262000 8,3 2012 45410 8,2 283500 8,2 2013 49030 8,0 306100 8,0 2014 52905 7,9 330300 7,9 2015 57050 7,8 356200 7,8 2016 60845 6,6 383000 7,5 2017 65245 7,2 410700 7,2 2018 69835 7,0 439600 7,0 2019 74585 6,8 469500 6,8 2020 79350 6,4 499490 6,4 * Demand values are gross and the losses in the generation and transmission lines, the inner requirements of the stations belonging to the generation and distribution system are included to these values (Source: www.teias.gov.tr)
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When the situations given in Table I.1 and the demand estimates are taken into consideration, it can obviously understood that electrical generation capacity should be increased in order to the meet the energy requirement.
In compensating the energy demands, beside focusing on the domestic resources, diversifying the resources should be also maintained. For this reason with the decision agreed by the Higher Planning Council on 18.05.2009, these issues are stated in the strategic paper of energy market and supply security demand as well.
Furthermore in the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (2010 – 2014) it is envisaged that the whole renewable energy potential of our country will be brought to economy.
The mission of this plan was addressed as “Our mission is evaluating the energy and mining resources effectively, efficiently, securely, timely and environmentally friendly and therefore reducing the import dependence and bringing the highest contribution into the national prosperity.”
In Turkey generation electrical energy from the geothermal resources was regulated with the “Law of The Use of Renewable Energy Sources for the Purpose of Electrical Power Generation numbered 5346 and dated 10.05.2005”.
Turkey ranks 7. in the world and 1. in Europe with respect to the rich geothermal potential. And with respect to direct use of this energy, Turkey ranks 4. in the world with 10.247 GWh/year; with respect to generating electrical energy from geothermal resources ranks 12. in the World with 490 GWh/year.
Geothermal resources is simply a heat in the ground and composed of the chemical bearing hot water, steam and gas heated by the accumulated heat at the various depths of the earth’s crust. Geothermal energy on the other hand comprises all sorts of beneficiation from this geothermal resources. Geothermal energy is a renewable, sustainable, boundless, cheap, reliable, environmentally friendly, domestic and green type of energy.
The geothermal reservoirs that are made by waters coming from precipitation, seas and magmatism and feeding the fractures and joints in the rocks in underground, preserve their renewable and sustainable characters as long as their underground and reinjection conditions are maintained. They are not effected by the shortterm atmospheric conditions. The formation model of a geothermal system is presented in Figure I.1. The comparisons of the geothermal applications in Turkey and the 2013 Target are presented in Figure I.2. And the current situation and the future of the geothermal applications in Turkey are presented in Figure I.3.
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Figure I.1. The Formation Model of the Geothermal System
Source: http://geocen.iyte.edu.tr/teskon/2001/teskon2001_02.pdf
Table.I.2. The Comparison of Geothermal Applications in Turkey and 2013 Target
2013 Size of Usage (Installed Capacity) 2002 2007 2013 Targets Investment (Million USD)
1200 Greenhouse heating (acres) 500 4000 200
30 65 Heating (House + Thermal powerhouse) 150 thousand 500 thousand thousand 215 Thermal Usage 175 300 500
Electricity Generation 600Mwe 15 Mwe 27,4 Mwe 1,3 Installed Capacity 7.500MWt Extracted by geothermal drillings + natural 3.000 4.000 (250 thousand meters 150 extractions Geothermal MWt MWt drilling) Total 2.65 Billion $
In our country research studies related to geothermal energy has been carried out since 1962 by Mineral Research and Exploration Institute (MRE) and the existence of more than 170 geothermal fields with temperatures over 3540 oC has been detected. The probable geothermal heat potential of Turkey is estimated about 31.500 MWt. By the end of year 2000, upon with the 304 thermal drilling performed by MRE, 2.046 MWt of the total probable potential was confirmed as proven potential. When the 600 MWt potential of the natural hot springs are added to this value the total proven geothermal potential increases up to 2.646 MWt.
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Depending on its temperature, the geothermal energy is primarily used in electricity generation and in domestic heating, greenhouse heating, thermal tourismtreatment, industry and also in other various areas. Although our country has high level of geothermal potential, sufficient importance has not been given to the geothermal energy and it is not sufficiently used. Only 3% of our probable potential can be beneficiated.
Figure I.2. Assessment and Comparison of Geothermal Energy in Turkey and in the World Source: Adil Özdemir, Geothermal Energy and Power Generation, Geophysics Journal
Figure I.3. Current Situation of Geothermal Energy in Turkey and its Future Source: Adil Özdemir(b.t), Geothermal Energy and Power Generation, Geophysics Journal
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Conclusively, as it is mentioned in Ninth Development Plan, when the increase in the average annual basic energy demand (6,2%) is considered, developing renewable sources like geothermal is very important both for the world and for Turkey.
In this respect, Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. plans to establish and operate Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project with 162,5 MWe power (1 x 72,5 MWe triple flash vapour powerhouse + 4 x 22,5 MWe binary cycle powerhouse) in the license site that is in the boundaries of Aydın Province, Germencik District and İncirliova District. The operation license of the Project area is given in the appendices (Rfr. App1.3).
The coordinates of the mentioned 5 powerhouses and reinjection wells are given in the introduction section of the report.
In terms of the usage of the locations, which correspond to the Project areas, leasing or purchasing will be carried out or expropriation will be conducted in compliance with the Item 15 clauses c and d of Electricity Market Law No. 4628 (amended with the law No. 5496). Any work (land preparation and construction) will not be commenced on these areas before leasing and expropriation work are finalised.
In accordance with “The Law Related to the Usage of Renewable Energy Sources for Electrical Energy Generation Purpose” dated 10.05.2005 and No. 5346, widening these sources for electrical energy generation purpose, gaining such sources in a economical and qualified manner, diversifying the sources, decreasing the greenhouse gas emission, beneficiating the waste, protecting the environment and developing the manufacturing sector necessary to realise these aims are targeted.
Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project, is in a feature to meet these targets and is planned to enable to beneficiate the geothermal potential of our country.
In order to connect the electrical energy that will be generated in the Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project to national interconnecting system, the connection to the system at the most proper location will be performed after the necessary negotiations are made with Turkish Electricity Transmission Company (TETC) or Turkish Electricity Distribution Company (TEDC) and required approvals are taken.
The maximum geothermal fluid amount that is planned during the process of the Power Plant is 8.000 – 10.000 tons/hr. and there will be one triple flash vapour powerhouse with 72,5 MW installed power and four binary cycle powerhouses with 22,5 MW installed power in the in the Power Plant, which are operated according to the thermodynamic principles.
Triple flash vapour powerhouse system; firstly the fluid arrived from the geothermal source (from the production wells) will be decomposed to high pressure vapour and liquid phases under the high pressure decomposer. The liquid extracted from the high pressure decomposer will be decomposed in the medium pressure decomposer to medium pressure vapour and liquid phases. And the liquid extracted from the medium pressure decomposer will be decomposed to low pressure vapour and liquid in the low pressure decomposer. Then the liquid that is extracted from the low pressure decomposer will be pumped back to the reservoir by injection pump via the reinjection well.
On the other hand the vapour that is extracted as high, medium and low pressure will be sent to the multi fluid turbine and the energy will be generated by means of the revolution of the impellers of the turbine and generator connected to the turbine.
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The exhaust vapour arrived from the turbine will enter to the vapour condenser and there it will be condensed by interchanging the heat with the cooling water, which comes from the cooling tower. Whereas the gases in the vapour that cannot be condensed would not condensed with temperatures of the condenser. Such gases if cannot be removed from the condenser, increase the pressure in the condenser and results in the decreased recovery of the turbine. For this reason, such gases are primarily drawn from the turbine by means of jet vapour absorbers and the remaining vapour will be condensed in the first stage intercondenser. The gases that are not condensed in the intercondenser will be also sucked by the jet vapour absorbers and removed by the vacuum pumps and sent to the last condenser and water separator. The noncondensed gases left in the last condenser will be sent to the cooling tower and released to atmosphere.
The hot water, which is condensed in the main condenser, will be sent to the cooling tower by means of hotwell pump, will be cooled there and sent to main condenser, other condensers and equipment coolers. The excess condensed liquid where there is more than the demand of the cooling tower will be sent to the reinjection well by means of condensed reinjection pump.
Binary cycle system; the fluid arrived from geothermal source (production wells) is firstly separated into vapour and liquid phases. Then this geothermal fluid, which is separated into vapour and liquid phases, is sent to the vaporisers (exchangers) and the vaporisers transforms this secondary working fluid, whose temperature was risen previously, to vapour without being physically mixed. The secondary working fluid, which was transformed to vapour, is sent to the turbine, where the power is generated by means of a generator. The secondary fluid in the form of exhaust vapour exiting the turbine is absorbed, cooled and condenses in the air cooled condenser and sent to the preheater by circulating pump.
In the pre heater the primary fluid, which lost its temperature in the vaporiser a little, and secondary fluid, which performed heat exchanging process, are heated up to a degree close to boiling point and sent to the vaporizer.
The geothermal fluid, which is sent to the pre heater, after bringing the temperature of the secondary working fluid to a degree close to boiling point, will be sent to reinjection wells with a relatively low temperature.
The most important parameter, which determines the efficiency and life of geothermal resource accordingly powerhouse, is that the flow of the geothermal fluid used in the powerhouse will be maintained at a certain level and quantity. For this reason, in order to prevent the decrease in the reservoir in geothermal wells, the “reinjection” process will be carried out. The powerhouse will not be started up until the reinjection process is commissioned. Both during the production stage and during the reinjection studies, care will be taken to prevent the fresh water aquifers against any damage.
The reinjection of the thermal water has been used in geothermal industry in the world since 1969. Beside providing the stability of the geothermal well pressures, is has numerous benefits in reservoir and geothermal area.
In the geothermal powerhouses, reinjection is a part of production. Even though it is believed that it brings an additional cost, in fact the reinjection process is a very significant application for operating the geothermal powerhouse with high efficiency. In the geothermal reservoirs of the powerhouse without any reinjection process, due to the pressure drop, resulted from the decreasing reservoir and heat loss only a small portion of the geothermal energy can be beneficiated.
7 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
The geothermal fluid, which is separated from its vapour and loses its temperature and pressure prior to the vapour turbine, will be pumped to underground by preserving its physicochemical characteristics. The flow sheets of the process planned to be operated in Efe Geothermal Power Plant are presented in Figure I.4, Figure I.5 and Figure I.6.
In case the powerhouse becomes out of operation as a result of any problem related to reinjection or powerhouse systems, a 15.000 m3 capacity storing pond will be kept in the area of powerhouse as a precaution (Rfr. App15). This pond will be used to store the geothermal fluid until the problems related to the reinjection system is remediated. After the problem is over, the fluid collected in the pond will be given directly to the reinjection system without discharging to any other receiving environment.
In the scope of the Project the reinjection system was selected by considering the following targets;
To maintain the pressure increases at certain amounts and decelerating the loss in the water level. The investment cost of reinjection wells and plant is economical, To protect the environment; protect the groundwater, surface waters and soil quality.
8 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
72.5 MW Triple Flash System Process Flow Sheet
Figure I.4. Process Flow Sheet
9 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Legend 22.5 MW Binary Cycle System Process Flow Sheet Air Cooled Condenser
Geothermal Fluid in Liquid Form
Geothermal Fluid in Gaseous Form
System Fluid in Liquid Form Air Cooled Condenser System Fluid in Gaseous Form
Recirculation Recirculation
Pump Pump
Turbine Generator Turbine
Geothermal Fluid Coming from Production Well
Separator
Evaporator Evaporator
Condensed Fluid Sent to Reinjection
Preheater Preheater
Geothermal Fluid Sent to Reinjection
Figure I.5. Process Flow Sheet
10 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure I.6. Representative Flow Sheet
On the other hand, geothermal waters, which generally has high mineral concentrations, might cause boron contamination and Na (Sodium) accumulation in the ground, which results in less efficient soil in agricultural terms. Therefore, in order to prevent such problems, pumping these types of wastewaters back to the geothermal reservoir (reinjection) is necessary. While reinjection helps solving the problem concerning the waste water, it also enables to feed the site artificially, generate more energy and use the site for longer terms. However both during the production stage and during the reinjection works, care will be taken for not damaging the fresh water aquifers.
Another factor determining the life of the geothermal power plant is the scaling of the calcite in the powerhouse and in the pipes, in which the geothermal fluid is carried. The high flow rate supplied from the geothermal source causes a drop in the source, which results in higher evaporation of the vapour and noncondenced gases (like CO2) and the formation of calcite scale on the surfaces in the powerhouse. As the calcification in the wells and on the walls of the pipes causes decrease in pipe diameters and limitation in the flow of geothermal fluid, this calcification should be removed. This problem can be solved by giving a suitable inhibitor into the pipe or by cleaning the pipes mechanically. The cleaning method will be selected after finalising the well tests, during the detailed design. If an inhibitor will be selected beside its feature to remove the calcification, its conformity with the type of materials that will be used in reinjection system and concordance with the environmental legislation will be taken into consideration. On the other hand mechanical methods to remove the calcification might be selected as well.
It is estimated that 350 people will be employed during the land preparation and construction stage and this number will be 100 during the operation of the project. In the scope of the project during the construction stage, the unqualified personnel will be primarily employed from the local community and during the operation stage by employing the local people as the greatest extend, some contribution to the local economy is targeted. The personnel who will work during the construction stage of the project will be accommodated at the site.
11 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
For the personnel who will work during the operation stage at the powerhouse social facilities will be available (watchman’s hut, administration office etc.)
By transferring the energy that will be generated at the Geothermal Power Plant to the national energy web, some of the energy requirement of our country, which has been continuously increasing, will be met and the local community will be positively effected with the increase in income, population movements, education, health and other social and technical infrastructure. Since a renewable and clean energy source will be used in the mentioned power plant it is envisaged that the project will bring great returns.
During the construction and operation of Power Plant units, geothermal wells, energy transferring lines and geothermal fluid, in order to pass the SHW facilities (irrigation, drainage channels, river beds, service roads) permits will be taken from SHW.
Any activity that will endanger the integrity of Irrigation Project and water quality will not be performed.
At every stage of this activity The Circular of Ministry about River Beds and Floods No. 2006/27 will be followed.
For this mentioned project the provisions in the letter of General Directorate of SHW dated 25.05.2012 and No. 225556 and the opinions of SHW 21. Regional Directorate will be complied.
12 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
SECTION II
LOCATION OF THE SELECTED AREA FOR THE PROJECT
BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
SECTION II: LOCATION OF THE SELECTED AREA FOR THE PROJECT
II.1. Location of the project (Demonstration of the Environmental Plan and the Construction Plan including the legends and plan notes; if these plans do not exist the demonstration on the existing land use map of the location of the project whose correctness was assented by the relevant Governorship or Municipality
The area of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project is located inside the boundaries of AydınMuğlaDenizli Planning Region, Environmental Plan that was assented by the Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (scaled: 1/100.000) dated 05.07.2011 (Rfr. App2). The area of the project is shown as agricultural land in the Environmental Plan.
The mentioned project is located in the boundaries of Aegean Region, Aydın Province, Germencik and Incirliova Districts.
Land characteristics of the area where the powerhouse will be established are presented in the appendices (Rfr. App1.4)
The locality map demonstrating the project area is given in App2 and the 1/25.000 scaled topographic map is given in App4.
According to the Land Assets Map that was prepared for Efe Geothermal Power Plant and is given in the appendices (Rfr. App5), Unit1+Unit2 Binary and Unit4 Binary Powerhouses will be on the irrigated agriculture land and with respect to the Large Soil Groups Classification will be on ClassA (Alluvial soil), Unit3 Binary Powerhouse will be on olive grove and with respect to the Large Soil Groups Classification will be on ClassK (Culluvial Soil) and Unit5 Binary Powerhouse will be on garden and with respect to the Large Soil Groups Classification will be on ClassA (Alluvial soil).
The settlements surrounding the project area and the distances of the settlements to the project units are presented in Table II.1.1
Table II.1.1 The Settlements Surrounding the Project Area and the Distances of the Settlements to the Project Units
Power Powerhouse Area Settlement Direction Distance (m)
Unit-1+ Unit -2 Binary İzmirAydın Highway North 200 Unit -1+ Unit -2 Binary Railway North 210 Unit -1+ Unit -2 Binary Germencik Northwest 1.900 Unit -1+ Unit -2 Binary Sınırteke Southeast 1.900 Unit -1+ Unit -2 Binary Erbeyli East 1.000 Unit -1+ Unit -2 Binary Ömerbeyli Northeast 2.000 Unit -3 Binary Dağkaraağaç Village North 1.000 Unit -3 Binary Hıdırbeyli Town West 960 Unit -3 Binary İzmirAydın Highway South 400 Unit -3 Binary TCDD South 410 Unit -3 Binary Germencik South 600 Unit -3 Binary Alangüllü Village Northeast 1.500 Unit -4 Binary Germencik Northwest 650 Unit -4 Binary Transformer Centre West 800 Unit -4 Binary Reisköy Southwest 1.900 Unit -5 Binary Sınırteke Southwest 250 Unit -5 Binary Erbeyli Northwest 900
Source: 1/25.000 Scaled Topographical Map
13 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
II.2. The locations of the units of the project (The demonstration of the positions of the whole administrative and social facilities, transmission line routes, which will provide the energy transmission between the units, technical infrastructural units and if available other units in the project area and if available, the demonstration of the project together with other projects if any on 1/25.000 scaled map, the demonstration of the closed and open areas as well as the temporary and permanent storage yards on 1/2000, 1/5000 and/or 1/1000 scaled maps), Powerhouse layout plan, excavation dumping sites, (the distances between each other will be mentioned as well) etc.
The main units in the scope of the Project:
1) Steam turbine, Generator 2) Binary Powerhouse 3) Condenser System 4) Non-condensed Gas Exit System 5) Circulating Water System 6) Cooling Water System 7) Auxiliary System 8) Affluent Treatment System 9) Powerhouse’s Instrumentation and Control Systems 10) Cooling Tower 11) Wellhead Systems 12) Production and Injection System
The coordinates of these units, were presented in the cover page of this EIA. The 1/25.000 scaled topographic map in which the project area is located, is given in App4. Furthermore the layout plan, in which the units were demonstrated, is given in App15.
In the scope of the power plant, it is planned to open 55 wells in the area of operation license. The approximate locations of these mentioned wells and the reinjection wells can be found in the 1/25.000 scaled map. The approximate open and closed areas projected for each unit are given in the following tables.
Table II.2.1 Units of 72.5 MWe and 22,5 MWe Powerhouses
72,5 MW Triple Flash System 22.5 MW Binary System (For 1 unit) Areas m2 Areas m2 Administrative Building 3.000 Administrative Building 475 Workshop 2.800 Workshop 557 Warehouse 4.000 Warehouse 1241 Main Gate 150 Main Gate 50 Cooling Tower 4.400 Cooling Tower 5000 Electrical Control Room Electrical Control Room Main Switch 4000 Main Switch Site/Transformer Site/Transformer Turbine House 2.300 Pre Heater NCG System 3.200 Vaporiser Pool 10000 Turbine Erecting Yard 32004.550 Generator 2500 Open Warehouse 30004.860 Open Warehouse 3250 Vent Area 26004.300 Cesspit 100 Roads, Parking areas, Roads and Parking Areas 6000 pedestrian walks, concrete 440.0030.000 areas, secondary drainage channels
Social Facility 1500 Total Wellhead Equipment 3700 Drainage Channel 3500 Total
14 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
In the above Table approximately 10.000 m2 of the areas shown as 72,5 MWe capacity Powerhouse is planned for closed facilities, while 10.000 m2 is planned for half closed facilities and the remaining area is dedicated for the open area. Again in the same table the detailed information of the 22,5 MWe Powerhouse was given which is valid for all the 4 binary systems. Approximately 1.825 m2 of the areas shown in the table will be closed and 5.290m2 will be half closed. The remaining areas will be open.
Related to the usage of the locations corresponding the project areas, leasing or procurement processes will be performed or expropriation process will be followed in compliance with the clauses c and d of Item 15 of Electricity Market Law No. 4628 (amended with law No. 5496). There won’t be any works started in this area unless the leasing or expropriation is performed.
Efe Geothermal Power Plant together with the 28,3 km2 geothermal site license area was handed over to Burç Geothermal Enterprise Electrical Generation Co. for 30 years on the date of 28.11.2011.
The detailed technical information about the project units is presented in the V.2.1 section of this report. The photographs of the lands that will be used for the project units can be found in Figure II.2.1, Figure II.2.2., Figure II.2.3., Figure II.2.4., and Figure II.2.5. and Figure II.2.6.
The transportation to the Project area will be provided from the currently existing roads which are the branches of İzmirAydın D550 Highway. Besides, the existing village roads will be beneficiated for the transportation to the powerhouse. In case any damage will be occurred on the roads due to the project related works, the repairs of such roads will be undertaken by the investor.
15 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure II.2.1. In the Environmental Survey Studies Performed in the Scope of the Project; a View of Unit1 and Unit2 Binary Systems (1)
Figure II.2.2. In the Environmental Survey Studies Performed in the Scope of the Project; a View of Unit1 and Unit 2 Binary Systems (2)
16 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure II.2.3. In to the Environmental Survey Studies Performed in the Scope of the Project; a View of Unit3 Binary System
Figure II.2.4. In to the Environmental Survey Studies Performed in the Scope of the Project; a View of Unit4 Binary System
17 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure II.2.5. In to the Environmental Survey Studies Performed in the Scope of the Project; a View of Unit5 Binary System (1)
Figure II.2.6. In to the Environmental Survey Studies Performed in the Scope of the Project; a View of Unit1 and Unit2 Binary System (2)
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BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
II.3. Assessment of the Locations of the Units Within the Scope of the Project with Regard to SHW Irrigation Project
A letter was taken from 21. Regional Directorate of SHW for the soil protection commission decision, indicating that the integrity of the irrigation channels is not damaged, whereas in order to protect the irrigation channels and ensure that they are not effected, following issues will be taken into consideration (By using the maps of Aydın Plain and Hıdırbeyli irrigation areas).
Units of the plant that is planned to be established have interferences with the irrigation channel as given below; Unit5 binary section and Unit3 Binary section will be in Aydın Plain irrigation area. In Unit 1 flash + Unit 2 binary section, which will be in the position to lean the border of the upper channel from the south, Mursallı Pumping irrigation main channel in Unit 3 binary section the İl Creek where SHW Hıdırbeyli pond water discharge is connected, in the north Y12 canalette, in the west Y1 canalette and in the south Y13 canalette in the middle of Unit 1 flash + Unit 2 binary A1D14 drainage channel will cross.
The major section will be in SHW Aydın Lowland Irrigation Project area and Oyuk Dam irrigation area that will be revised and in this area 55 geothermal boreholes will be opened.
Related to this, reconnaissance surveys for the flood protection plant that will be constructed on the İl Creek has been carried out and considering that Unit3 Binary Powerhouse is located near the İl Creek but the rehabilitation works do not cover this area, any intervention to the İl Creek (Çamurlu Ilıca) located near the Unit3 Binary Powerhouse should not be performed and a continuous 5 m lane near the creek, which might be used in the future repair and maintenance activities, should be reserved.
Any activity that will destroy the integrity of the irrigation project and spoil the water quality will not be conducted.
At every stage of the facility the Prime Ministerial Circulars, namely River Beds and Floods, numbered 2006/27, will be observed.
During the construction and operation stages, in order to cross the powerhouse units, geothermal wells, energy transmission lines and geothermal fluid lines through the SHW facilities (irrigation and drainage channels, stream beds), permits will be taken from SHW separately
Water will not be taken from the channels, which are under the responsibility of SHW, without any permit taken from the 21. Regional Directorate of SHW. The process waters, effluents of the operation and the fluid that will be used at the powerhouse during the operation will not be discharged to the facilities (irrigation and drainage channels, stream beds) by no means.
There won’t be any intervention to the drainage channels opened by the SHW, the expropriation borders of the drainage channels will be followed, Mursallı Pumping Irrigation Main Channel will not be approached any further than 10 meters and there will be a protection distance reserved.
Necessary measures will be taken so that the cold groundwater aquifer will not be damaged.
19 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
There will not be any reinjection to the SHW channels and in case of any failure the wastewater to be given to the outer environment will be treated in compliance with the irrigation water criteria mentioned in “Regulation on Water Pollution Control” and the opinion of SHW will be taken during taking the discharging permit.
The considerations given in the letter of General Directorate of SHW numbered 225556 and dated 25.05.2012 and the opinions of 21. Regional Directorate of SHW numbered 258102 and dated 12.06.2012 will be complied.
By this time the Decision of Soil Protection Commission was taken and it can be found in the appendices of the report (Rfr. App1.2)
Furthermore, a letter of Public Interest Conformity was taken from Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) (Rfr. App19).
II.4 The Interaction of the Project with the Other Plants in the Region
28,29 km2 license site for Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project was given to Burç Geothermal Enterprise Electrical Generation Co. by Aydın Province Special Administration. The mentioned license area is shown in the 1/25.000 scaled topographic map presented in App4. There is a powerhouse with 47,4 MW installed capacity established in the neighbouring license site.
The production and reinjection wells that will be opened in the scope of the mentioned project will be located in their own license site and Aydın Province Special Administration stated that there wasn’t any objection about carrying out the license works of 162,5 MW capacity geothermal electrical powerhouse with a letter written to EMRA (Rfr. App1.7). Besides, in compliance with the Application Regulation of the Law on Geothermal Resources and Natural Mineral Waters dated 03.06.2007 and numbered 5686 the necessary permits will also be taken.
Although the hinterland feeding the AydınGermencik geothermal site is wide, hydrogeological, hydrochemical and environmental isotopic studies concerning the source of the hot water and its connected geothermal system were assessed together with the regional geological structure, in terms of revealing the conceptual model of the geothermal system in the field. The performed geothermometer calculations indicates that the system has a potential of high temperature. It was determined that, in the system located in the fault zones, the heat source is based on the geothermal gradient connected to a deep circulation and controlled by the fault systems
Furthermore, the existence of the young vulcanite in the region results in the high level of geothermal gradient in this region. The irrigated isotope contents indicates that the geothermal reservoir is fed by the local precipitations, accordingly the feeding area is located in the close vicinity. Therefore, any negative effect of the project to the neighbouring geothermal plants is not expected. Prior to taking the Power Plant that is planned to be established in the scope of the Law and Regulation on Geothermal Resources and Natural Mineral Waters No. 5686 into operation, a Study Report of Resource Protection Area will be prepared and submitted to Province Special Administration and Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MRE) for their review and approval.
20 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
SECTION III
ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT
BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
SECTION III: ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT
III.1. The investment program, financial sources and the supplies of these sources related to the realisation of the project
The whole investment cost of Efe Geothermal Power Plant (162,5 MWe) that is planned to be established and operated by Burç Geothermal Enterprise Electrical Generation Co. including the land expropriation and production and reinjection wells is determined as 220.000.000 TL. The 25% section of the required finance will be supplied from the equity capitals and 75% will be supplied from the finance corporations on credit.
III.2. The flow chart and scheduling table related to conducting the project
It is envisaged that the preconstruction studies and project works of “Efe Geothermal Power Plant (162,5 MWe)” will last 22 months and the construction works will last 46 months. This way it is planned to get the project ready for operation in 60 months. The scheduling table of the project is presented in Figure III.2.1.
21 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Table III.2.1. Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project Scheduling Table
Taking “the EIA is positive” decision
22 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
III.3. The benefit – cost analysis of the project (Considering its potential effect by comparing with agricultural activities and irrigation projects)
In the calculations to evaluate the investment in economical terms the following data and acceptations were taken as basis and they are presented in Table III.3.1 together with the analysis results.
Table III.3.1. The Economical Analysis Results of the Investment of Efe Geothermal Power Plant
Installed Power 162.5 MWe Annual Working Hour 8585 Hours Economical Life of the Investment 30 years Total Cost of Investment 114.285.714 USD (1 USD = 1.75TL) Unit Selling Price of Electrical Energy 7 USD cent/kWh Quantity of Annual Electrical Energy Generation 1.395.062.500 (8585 hours working) Inner Consumption 205.062.500 KWh/yr Annual Quantity of Electrical Energy 1.190.000.000 KWh/yr Annual Total Revenue 83.300.000 USD/yr Average Operation Costs 57.350.000 USD/yr The Annual Net Profit of the Project 25.950.000 USD Internal Rate of Return (IRR) %16 Return of Investment Period ~8 yr
During the 30 years of operation period of the project the average annual operation and management costs are projected as 69.350.000 USD. In a similar figure, the “Capital Profitability”, which is the ratio of net profit to equity capital on yearly basis, is quite high. In addition to these “Return on Investment” ratio, which is the ratio of net profit to the total investment, also gives high values.
As the result of these assessments, it is believed that the proposed Efe Geothermal Power Plant is a beneficial investment for the national economy.
The Benefit-Cost Analyses of the Investment
The selling price of 1 kWh energy to be generated at the projected Power Plant is calculated as 7 cent; as seen in Table III.3.1. And, according to these calculations the Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project will amortises its investment, in 5 years after the investment. The return of investment (payback period) is the time interval starting from 1. Year of the operation, when the sum of the annual cash flows equalizes with the total amount of investment of the project. In other words, it shows how long will it take for the sums of the cash flows to compensate the total investment and gives a general idea about the feasibility of the project. This period was calculated as 8 years for Efe Geothermal Power Plant.
23 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
The Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Investment for Nation and Region
The energy that will be generated in Efe Geothermal Power Plant, will be connected to the existing Germencik TM via the 154 kV energy transmission line in accordance with the connection agreement that will be signed by Turkish Electricity Transmission Inc. and will be given to the national interconnecting web. The generated energy will be sold and beneficiated within the frame of Electrical Market Law and the relevant regulations which were enacted by Official Gazette No. 4628 and published on 20.02.2001. The electrical energy that will be generated at the powerhouse will partially supply the emerged supply deficit and will serve an important function in compensating the increasing electricity demand of Turkey. The continuous, reliable and high quality electricity will welcome the foreign investments to Turkey and contribute to the industrial development of the country. It will also create new job opportunities in private sector and the income per capita will be increased. Moreover, as significant recruitment and development in the region where the project will be established will be provided, there will be source of input to the local government.
The necessary technical personnel like engineers, technicians and machinery operators as well as unskilled labourers will be supplied from the region of the project as much as possible; this way an opportunity of employment will be created in the region. Besides, the construction materials, equipment etc. that will be used in the scope of the project will be supplied from the region as mush as possible. Therefore it is expected that the vendors supplying the construction materials, companies selling and leasing the machinery and equipment, companies performing repair and maintenance to these equipment, food industry etc. will be effected from the project in a positive manner and a boom in the regional economy will occur throughout the life of the project.
At every stage of the operation Prime Ministerial Circulars, namely River Beds and Floods, numbered 2006/27, dated will be observed.
Any activity that will destroy the integrity of the Irrigation project and spoil the water quality will not be conducted.
As the areas where the Power Plant buildings will be constructed in the boundaries of the license site of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project will be on the 1. Class agricultural land, a permit for nonagricultural usage of the land was taken. The Soil Protection Project that will be taken for this project will also be observed.
III.4. Other economical, social and infrastructure projects that are not in the scope of the project but depending on the the realisation of the project, are planned to be carried out by the project owner or other investors
After the construction works of the project is initiated and the operation is started, new job opportunities for the local community will be created. In the project it is planned that during the land preparation and construction stage 350 people and during the operation stage 100 people will be recruited and the labour requirement will be primarily supplied from the residential areas in the vicinity of the project. In addition, as the daily commercial needs of working staff will be provided from the residential areas in the vicinity of the project, the process will be a source of additional income for the local community.
24 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
III.5. Other economical, social and infrastructure projects that are not in the scope of the project but are indispensable for the realisation of the project and are planned to be carried out by the project owner or other investors
In order to connect the electrical energy that will be generated in Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project to the national interconnecting system, necessary negotiations will be made with Turkish Electricity Transmission Company (TETC) and the generated energy will be transferred to main power site that is located in the Unit1 + Unit2 Binary Power powerhouse area via 31,5 kV power line. From there the electrical energy will be transferred to Germencik main transformer station via a single 154 kV power line.
Apart from this, any other economical, social and infrastructure projects that are not in the scope of the project but are indispensable for the realisation of the project and are planned to be carried out by the project owner or other investors do not exist.
III.6. Expropriation, how to perform the relocation, information related to the public disclosure within the scope of the expropriation ,
The lands, where the mentioned Powerhouse will be established, are privately owned, therefore in terms of the usage of the locations, which correspond to the project areas, leasing or purchasing will be carried out or expropriation will be conducted in compliance with the clauses c and d on Item 15 in Electricity Market Law No. 4628 (amended with the law No. 5496). Any work (land preparation and construction) will not be commenced on these areas before leasing and expropriation work are finalised.
III.7. Other issues
There is not any other issue to be reviewed in this section.
25 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
SECTION IV
DETERMINATION OF THE AREA THAT WILL BE EFFECTED BY THE UNITS OF THE PROJECT AND EXPLANATION OF THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES IN THIS AREA (*)
(*) In this section, while the environmental characteristics of the location selected for the Project is explained, its influence area should be taken into consideration. While the listed issues are explained in this section, the sources of the information taken from the relevant governmental offices or corporations, investigation institutes, universities will be added in the notes section of this report. Or the related map, documents etc. will be presented. If the project owner wishes to present his/her own investigations, for the ones taken from the public offices or organisations, letters confirming the correctness of the information will be taken from the offices and organisations and added to the report. BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
SECTION IV: DETERMINATION OF THE AREA THAT WILL BE AFFECTED BY THE UNITS OF THE PROJECT AND EXPLANATION OF THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES IN THIS AREA (*) IV.1. Determination of the area that will be effected by the project (how and according to what the influence area is determined will be explained and the influence area will be shown on the map, the project area and all of the projects that will be in the boundaries of the influence area will be shown in the same map).
The Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project is planned to be established and operated in Aydın Province, Germencik and Incirliova Districts. Efe Geothermal Power Plant was handed over to Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. on 28.11.2011 with a 28,3 km2 wide geothermal license site for 30 years.
The settlements surrounding the project area and the distances of the settlements to the project units are given in Section II, Table II.1.1.
Within the scope of the project it is planned to build units such as; “Steam Turbine”, “Binary Powerhouse”, “Exchanger System”, “Condenser System”, “Noncondensed Gas Exit System”, “Circulating Water System”, Cooling Water System”, “Auxiliary Systems”, “Wastewater Treatment System”, “Powerhouse Instrumentation and Control System”, “Cooling Tower”, “Wellhead Systems”, “Production and Injection System”, “Powerhouse Building”, “Facilities Related to Switchyard”, “Work Place Area”.
In order to determine the area to be effected by the project, the environmental, economical and social impacts need to be assessed together. Some of these impacts are direct and other are indirect impacts and “the effective area and the investigation area of the project” was selected by considering the air quality model of the activity, fauna , flora, noise, agriculture and forestlands etc. Within this scope for the project area an investigation area on the 1/25000scaled topographic map was determined. The noise modelling were taken as the powerhouse area; the modelling and evaluations were performed in this area.
Therefore, in the effective area of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project, the models were determined as area where the project will be established and its surrounding (noise) and it is shown on the 1/25000 scaled topographic map of the project area (Rfr. App4)
IV.2. The Characteristics of the Physical and Biological Environment and Usage of the Natural Resources in the Influence Area
In this section of the report, detailed information about the characteristics of the physical and biological environment and usage of the natural resources in the effective area of the project was given and the assessments were performed.
IV.2.1. Meteorological and Climatic Characteristics
The General Climate Conditions of the Region
The province is generally under the effect of Mediterranean Type of Climate due to the Aegean Sea, the continuation of the Mediterranean Sea. Summers are arid and hot, winters are warm and rainy. In the province almost all of the precipitation is in the form of rain.
26 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
In order to evaluate the meteorological conditions of the project site and its surrounding area, the results of the continuous meteorological measurements performed by the State Meteorological Service (SMS) are analysed and presented with the support of the most suitable meteorological station results, tables and graphics. In this context, the data taken between the years of 1975 and 2010 (36 years) of Aydın Meteorological Station were beneficiated and the records were given in the appendices (Rfr. App9).
Meteorological Characteristics
In this section by evaluating the meteorological conditions of the project area and its surrounding area the results of the continuous meteorological measurements performed by the State Meteorological Service (SMS) are analysed and presented with the support of the most suitable meteorological station results, tables and graphics.
IV.2.1.1. Local Pressure Distributions
According to the meteorological observations of Aydın Meteorological Station, the annual average pressure is measured as 1007,2 hPa, maximum pressure is 1027,9 hPa and minimum pressure is 975,4 hPa. The month when the maximum pressure is observed is January with 1027,9 hPa and the month when the minimum pressure is observed is again January with 975,4 hPa.
The pressure data of the region is presented in Table IV.2.1.1 and the graphical demonstration of the data is presented in Figure IV.2.1.1.
Table IV.2.1.1. Long Term Pressure Data
MONTHS
METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETER MAY JULY JUNE APRIL MARCH AUGUST ANNUAL JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER NOVEMBER SEPTEMBER
Average Pressure 1011.1 1009.8 1008.2 1006.4 1005.8 1003.9 1001.4 1002.1 1006.1 1009.4 1011.0 1011.1 1007,2 (hPa) Maximum Pressure 1027.9 1026.1 1024.4 1023.0 1015.1 1011.6 1010.4 1008.8 1016.1 1018.8 1023.8 1025.7 1027,9 (hPa) Minimum Pressure 975.4 984.1 985.9 991.4 993.9 992.5 994.2 995.1 997.4 996.7 994.7 988.7 975,4 (hPa)
Source: Aydın Meteorology Station, 19752010 Data.
27 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure IV.2.1.1. The Graphical Demonstration of the Monthly Local Pressure Values Taken from Aydın Meteorology Station
IV.2.1.2. Temperature Distribution
According to the observation records of Aydın Meteorology Station the annual average temperature is 17,7 ºC, maximum average temperature is 24,6 ºC and minimum average temperature is 11,8 ºC.
The month when the monthly average minimum temperature is felt is January with 8,2 ºC and when the monthly average maximum temperature is felt is July with 28,5 ºC.
According to the observation records of Aydın Meteorology Station the maximum temperature that has ever recorded was on 27.07.1987 with 44,6 ºC and the minimum temperature ever was 5,2 ºC on 05.02.1985.
The temperature data is presented in Table IV.2.1.2 and the graphical demonstration of the temperature data is presented in Figure IV.2.1.2.
Table IV.2.1.2. Long Term Temperature Data
MONTHS
METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETER
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER ANNUAL Average Temperature (oC) 8,2 9,0 11,9 15,8 21,0 26,1 28,5 27,4 23,3 18,5 13,0 9,5 17,7 Average of Maximum Temperatures (oC) 13,4 14,6 18,2 22,6 28,4 33,6 36,3 35,6 32 26,5 19,6 14,5 24,6 Average of Minimum Temperatures (oC) 4,2 4,6 6,7 10,1 14,1 18,2 20,5 20,1 16,5 12,7 8,4 5,7 11,8 Source: Aydın Meteorology Station, 19752010 Data.
28 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Table IV.2.1.3. Temperature Data
MONTHS
METEOROLOGICAL
PARAMETER
Maximum Temperature JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER ANNUAL 30 18 27 22 26 27 27 12 1 2 2 2 27 Day Maximum Temperature 1988 1979 2001 2008 1990 2007 1987 2002 2007 1991 2004 2005 1987 Year Maximum Temperature 21,8 25,2 32,4 33,8 39,3 44,4 44,6 43,8 43,3 37,8 30,7 25,4 44,6 (ºC) Minimum Temperature 2 5 6 10 5 3 5 15 27 30 27 21 5 Day Minimum Temperature 1983 1985 1987 1997 1990 1990 1985 1979 1977 1987 2004 2002 1985 Year Minimum Temperature 4,8 5,2 5 0,8 4,6 8,4 13,6 13,7 9 2 2 3,8 5,2 (ºC)
Source: Aydın Meteorology Station, 19752010 Data.
Figure IV.2.1.2. Graphical Demonstration of Temperature Values
IV.2.1.3. Precipitation Distribution
According to the observation records of Aydın Meteorology Station the annual average total precipitation rate is 629,9 mm. The month when the highest precipitation falls is December with 116,8 mm and the month when the lowest precipitation falls is August with 2,3 mm. The daily maximum precipitation fall is 93,8 mm.
The precipitation data is presented in Table IV.2.1.4 and the graphical demonstration of the values is presented in Figure IV.2.1.3.
29 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Table IV.2.1.4. Long Term Precipitation Data
MONTHS
METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER ANNUAL Average of Total 100,3 86,3 70,8 56,5 35,3 13,8 3,3 2,3 10,9 44 89,6 116,8 629,9 Precipitation (mm) Maximum Precipitation (mm) 93,8 54,8 68,2 48,2 92 46 29,3 20,3 31,8 86,9 63,7 80,2 93,8
Source: Aydın Meteorology Station, 19752010 Data.
Figure IV.2.1.3. Graphical Demonstration of Precipitation Values
IV.2.1.4. Relative Humidity Distribution
According to the observation records of Aydın Meteorology Station the annual average relative humidity is %61,7. The highest monthly average relative humidity is in December with % 73,2 and minimum monthly average relative humidity was observed in June and July with % 49,4.
The humidity data is presented in Table IV.2.1.5. and the graphical demonstration of the data is presented in Figure IV.2.1.4.
Table IV.2.1.5. Humidity Data
MONTHS
METEOROLOGICAL
PARAMETERS
Average Humidity JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER ANNUAL 71,3 68,5 65,6 62,8 56,8 49,4 49,4 54,4 56,9 63,3 69,3 73,2 61,7 (%) Minimum Humidity 15 15 11 6 7 9 6 9 11 10 12 13 6 (%)
Source: Aydın Meteorology Station, 19752010 Data.
30 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure IV.2.1.4. Graphical Demonstration of Minimum and Average Relative Humidity Data
IV.2.1.5. Evaporation Distribution
According to the observation records of Aydın Meteorology Station the annual average open surface evaporation is 1363,1 mm. The daily maximum open surface evaporation was detected as 14,1 mm.
The table and graphic demonstrating the evaporation values of Aydın Province are presented in Table IV.2.1.6. and Figure IV.2.1.5. respectively.
Table IV.2.1.6. The Evaporation Values Obtained from Aydın Meteorology Station
MONTHS
EVAPORATION
CONDITIONS JANUARY FABRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER ANNUAL Average Open Surface 13,2 14,4 35,3 100,3 162,8 224,5 260,6 233,9 164,2 99,5 38,3 16,1 1363,1 Evaporation (mm) Maximum Open Surface 9,4 6,6 7,8 7,8 10,1 13 14,1 13 10,4 7,8 9 5,8 14,1 Evaporation (mm)
Source: Aydın Meteorology Station 19752010 Data.
31 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure IV.2.1.5. Graphical Demonstration of Evaporation Data
IV.2.1.6. Counted Days Distribution
According to the observation records of Aydın Meteorology Station the number of annual average snow covered days is 0,6, annual average snow covered days is 0,3. The maximum was observed as 4 cm in January and February. The number of annual average foggy days is 1,1.
The data of numbered days is presented in Table IV.2.1.7 and the graphical demonstration of the data is presented in Figure IV.2.1.7.
Table IV.2.1.7. Data of Counted Days
MONTHS
METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER ANNUAL Number of Snowy Days 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,6 Number of Snow Covered Days 0,2 0 0 0,1 0,3 Maximum Snow Depth (cm) 4 4 1 2 11 Average Number of Foggy Days 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0 0,1 0,1 0,3 1,1 Average Number of Hail Days 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 0,1 1,4 Average Number of HoarFrost Days 6,9 5,4 3,3 0,2 0 2,2 4,4 22,4 Ave. Number of Total Thunderstorm 1,9 1,9 2,2 3 3,4 2 0,6 0,6 1,4 2 2,6 2,5 24,1 Days
Source: Aydın Meteorology Station, 19752010 Data.
32 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure IV.2.1.6. Graphic of the Numbers of Snow and Snow Covered Days
Figure IV.2.1.7. Graphic of the Number of Foggy, Hail, Hoarfrost and Thunderstorm Days
IV.2.1.7 Wind Distributions
Monthly Average Wind Speed
According to the Aydın Meteorological Station observation records the annual average wind speed is 1,7 m/s.
The monthly average wind speed data is presented in Table IV.2.1.8. and the graphical demonstration of the data is presented in Figure IV.2.1.8.
33 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Table IV.2.1.8. Wind Distribution Values of Aydın Meteorology Station
MONTHS
METEOROLOGICAL
PARAMETER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER ANNUAL Average Wind Speed (m/s) 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 1,9 1,8 1,7 1,3 1,4 1,6 1,7
Source: Aydın Meteorology Station 19752010 Data
Figure IV.2.1.8. Graphic of Monthly Average Wind Speed and Maximum Wind Speed
Direction and Speed of the Highest Blowing Wind
According to the Aydın Meteorological Station observation records the direction of the maximum wind is NNE (northnortheast) with 21,4 m/s.
The data of the direction and speed of the highest blowing wind is presented in Table IV.2.1.9. and the graphical demonstration of the maximum wind speed is presented in Figure IV.2.1.9.
Table IV.2.1.9. Data of the Direction and Speed of the Highest Blowing Wind
MONTHS
METEOROLOGICAL
PARAMETER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER ANNUAL Maximum Wind 20,7 21,1 16,2 15,5 17,8 21,4 18,8 20,6 15,4 16,5 15,2 17,6 21,4 Speed (m/s) Direction of Maximum W W ENE WSW W NNE E E SSW W ESE ESE NNE Wind
Source: Aydın Meteorology Station 19752010 Data.
34 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure IV.2.1.9. Graphical Demonstration of the Maximum Wind Speed
Number of the Days with Strom and Strong Wind
According to the Aydın Meteorological Station observation records the annual average storm days is 0,5. And the number of annual average strong wind days is 26,5.
Data of the storm and strong wind days is presented in Table IV.2.1.10. and the graphical demonstration of the data is presented in Figure IV.2.1.10.
Table IV.2.1.10. Data of the Number of Storm and Strong Wind Days
MONTHS
METEOROLOGICAL
PARAMETER
Average Storm Days 0,2JANUARY 0,1FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL 0 MAY 0,1JUNE 0,1JULY 0 AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER 0 DECEMBER 0,5ANNUAL
Average Strong Wind 2,5 3 2,6 1,6 1,6 2,1 3,5 2,9 1,8 0,9 1,8 2,2 26,5 Days
Source: Aydın Meteorology Station 19752010 Data.
35 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure IV.2.1.10. Graphic of Storm and Strong Wind Days
Annual, Seasonal and Monthly Wind Direction Distribution
According to the Aydın Meteorological Station observation records the average speed and number of blowing of the winds according to the directions are presented in Table IV.2.1.11 and the annual wind diagram according to the blowing numbers of the winds are presented in Figure IV.2.1.11.
Table IV.2.1.11. Average Speeds and Blowing Number Sums of the Winds according to the Directions
MONTHS
METEOROLOGICAL
ANNUAL PARAMETER DIRECTION JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER
N Sum of Blowing Numbers 476 594 585 477 512 738 663 483 353 403 488 590 6362 N Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 0,8 1 1 1,1 1,3 1,6 1,9 1,7 1,2 1 0,8 0,8 2,1 NNE Sum of Blowing Numbers 867 831 680 575 558 630 815 532 477 636 798 895 8294 NNE Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 0,8 1 0,9 1 1 1,4 1,8 1,5 1,3 0,8 0,8 0,8 2,0 NE Sum of Blowing Numbers 795 600 507 416 384 470 380 342 409 558 829 916 6606 NE Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 1,2 1,4 1,1 0,9 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,6 ENE Sum of Blowing Numbers 3626 2838 2331 1930 1630 1585 1375 1284 1786 2757 3334 4126 28602 ENE Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 1,2 1,3 1,2 1 1 1,1 1 0,9 1 1 1,1 1,3 2,5 E Sum of Blowing Numbers 8033 6198 5807 4818 4483 3846 3427 4089 4803 5955 7812 8735 68006 E Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 1,7 1,7 1,6 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,6 1,7 3,2 ESE Sum of Blowing Numbers 5752 4736 4535 3665 3209 2563 3036 3074 3288 4230 4637 5369 48094 ESE Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 1,7 1,7 1,6 1,5 1,3 1,2 1,1 1,1 1,3 1,4 1,6 1,7 3,4 SE Sum of Blowing Numbers 1024 914 866 820 795 818 816 753 608 595 785 894 9688 SE Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 1,4 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,1 1 1 0,9 0,9 1 1,2 1,4 2,7 SSE Sum of Blowing Numbers 414 441 441 501 415 415 574 456 358 372 323 353 5063 SSE Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,1 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,8 0,8 0,9 1 2,3 S Sum of Blowing Numbers 244 240 295 374 282 307 392 341 270 217 211 216 3389 S Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 1 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,1 1 1 0,9 0,9 0,9 1 0,9 1,8 SSW Sum of Blowing Numbers 297 387 489 506 486 474 720 623 515 356 293 261 5407
36 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
MONTHS
METEOROLOGICAL
ANNUAL PARAMETER DIRECTION JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER
SSW Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 0,8 1 1,1 1,2 1,2 1 1,1 1,2 1 0,9 0,9 0,9 1,8 SW Sum of Blowing Numbers 315 400 574 678 744 823 942 1149 863 534 346 281 7649 SW Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 0,9 1 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,4 1,4 1,3 0,9 0,9 0,8 1,7 WSW Sum of Blowing Numbers 1011 1251 1831 1902 1793 2104 3176 3356 2821 1987 1143 762 23137 WSW Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 1,1 1,2 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,9 1,7 1,3 1 0,9 1,1 W Sum of Blowing Numbers 1264 1558 2668 3076 4059 4097 4185 4715 3928 2970 1513 936 34969 W Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 1,2 1,3 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,1 1,6 1,1 1,1 1,7 WNW Sum of Blowing Numbers 1250 1833 3184 3874 4699 4366 4365 3903 3830 3325 1701 1166 37496 WNW Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 1,1 1,3 1,6 1,8 1,9 2 1,9 1,9 1,8 1,4 1,1 1 2,1 NW Sum of Blowing Numbers 529 631 949 1150 1328 1358 815 759 728 863 662 472 10244 NW Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 1 1,1 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,8 1,8 1,4 1,4 1,1 1 0,9 2,1 NNW Sum of Blowing Numbers 698 854 933 1054 1065 1172 868 578 617 692 796 655 9982 NNW Average Speed of Wind (m/s) 0,8 1 1,1 1,3 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,4 1,3 0,9 0,9 0,8 2,2
Source: Aydın Meteorology Station 19752010 Data.
Figure IV.2.1.11. Annual Wind Diagram according to the Numbers of Blowing Wind,
According to the Aydın Meteorological Station observation records the primary prevailing wind direction is E (east) and the secondary prevailing wind direction is ESE (eastsoutheast) and tertiary prevailing wind direction is WNW (westnorthwest).
Annual wind diagram according to the average wind speeds is presented in Figure IV.2.1.12.
37 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure IV.2.1.12. Annual Wind Diagram according to the Average Wind Speed,
According to the Aydın Meteorological Station observation records the sums of the seasonal blowing numbers of the wind are presented in Table IV.2.1.12, seasonal wind diagrams according to blowing numbers are presented in IV.2.1.13. and the monthly wind diagrams according to the numbers of blows are presented in Figure IV.2.1.15.
Table IV.2.1.12. Seasonal Blowing Sums of Wind according to Directions
METEOROLOGICAL WINTER SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN PARAMETER N Sum of Blowing Numbers 1660 1574 1884 1244 NNE Sum of Blowing Numbers 2593 1813 1977 1911 NE Sum of Blowing Numbers 2311 1307 1192 1796 ENE Sum of Blowing Numbers 10590 5891 4244 7877 E Sum of Blowing Numbers 22966 15108 11362 18570 ESE Sum of Blowing Numbers 15857 11409 8673 12155 SE Sum of Blowing Numbers 2832 2481 2387 1988 SSE Sum of Blowing Numbers 1208 1357 1445 1053 S Sum of Blowing Numbers 700 951 1040 698 SSW Sum of Blowing Numbers 945 1481 1817 1164 SW Sum of Blowing Numbers 996 1996 2914 1743 WSW Sum of Blowing Numbers 3024 5799 9353 3130 W Sum of Blowing Numbers 3758 9803 12997 8411 WNW Sum of Blowing Numbers 4249 11757 12634 8856 NW Sum of Blowing Numbers 1632 3427 2932 2253 NNW Sum of Blowing Numbers 2207 3052 2618 2105
Source: Aydın Meteorology Station 19752010 Data.
38 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure IV.2.1.13. Seasonal Wind Diagram According to Blowing Numbers
Figure IV.2.1.14. Seasonal Wind Diagram According to Average Wind Speeds
39 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure IV.2.1.15. Monthly Wind Diagram According to Blowing Numbers
Figure IV.2.1.16. Monthly Wind Diagram According to Average Wind Speed
40 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
The closest Meteorology Station to Germencik and Incirliova Districts is the Aydın Meteorology Station and the largest rainfall values observed in the standard periods and the rainintensitydurationrepetitioncurves were taking the approval of Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs, General Directorate of State Meteorology and presented in the appendices (Rfr. App9).
IV.2.2. Geological properties
IV.2.2.1. Regional geology, general geology map of the region with scale 1/25.000, stratigraphic column cross-sections,
The oldest formation is Palaeozoic aged gneiss belonging to Menderes Massive outcropping in the project and surrounding area. Palaeozoic metamorphic, those rocks consist of augengneiss, gneiss schist, quartzite, micaschist and marble formations from bottom to top, constitute the base of these rocks. Plioquaternary aged continental, lagoon sediments come over this metamorphic unit with angular conformity. Pliocene sediments, these continental and lacustrine sediments, which cover the base, consist of conglomerate, sandstone, claystone, limestone marn and siltstone intercalations. Quaternary slope washes and alluvial deposits constitute the youngest formation of the study field and they take place over the older units disconcordantly.
The tension created by Menderes Massive uprising after Pliocene era lead to formation of graben in eastwest direction in the region. Magma intrusions penetrating into massive and graben cause formation of the geothermal energy system in fault and fracture zones confining graben. Main structures are Babadağ horst, Büyük Menderes graben, Buldan horst, Gediz graben and Yenice horst aligned from south to east. (Şimşek, Ş., 2008, Study Report of Reserve Preservation Area of Aydın Germencik Geothermal Zone).
Geological units in project and surrounding area and their lithological properties are presented in Section IV.2.2.2. from oldest to youngest. Generalized stratigraphic column crosssection belonging to project and surrounding area is presented in Figure IV.2.2.1.1. and also 1/25.000 scale geological map is available in Appendices (Rfr. App7).
41 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Figure IV.2.2.1.1. The Generalized Stratigraphical ColumnCrosssection of the Project Area and Surrounding Source: Şimşek, Ş., 2008
IV.2.2.2. Geology of project area, large scale of the investigation area (1/25.000 or 1/5.000 if available) geological map of study area and cross- sections of the units in the scope of the project, map scales and legends should be suitable with the ones in text, positive or negative exaggerrations done should be shown in linear scale, preparation of geological maps and cross-sections suitable to mapping techniques, detailing geological information suitable to format)
All powerhouse areas in the scope of the project are located within Büyük Menderes graben in the region on alluvial deposits covering large areas. Alluvial deposits are the youngest formation in the field of study. While alluvial deposits consist of loosely compacted blocks, gravel, sand and clay; slope washes, that are randomly stacked and containing clasts belonging to lithological units in feeding ground, withhold blocks rolling over the fault plane and having tons of weight.
42 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT
Graben at the north of powerhouse areas in the region are constituted of Gneiss constituting the base of Paleozoic aged Menderes massive and loosely compacted conglomerate, sandstone, loam strata developed compatibly with rapid development of Plioquaternary aged Büyük Menderes graben.
AG2011/2 hot water drilling has been carried our by MRE at 4 km east of Germencik in order to research southern continuity of present geothermal system around Germencik district of Aydın province and contribute to national economy in the scope of Geothermal Energy Research Project in Aydın and Surroundings in 2011. Holocene aged alluvial sediments are cut between 0152 m, Pleistocene aged conglomerateclaystone between 152377 m, Pliocene aged conglomeratesandstoneclaystonesiltstone intercalation between 3771236 m, Miocene aged clayey sandstonesandstoneclaystone low conglomerate between 12361744, and Paleozoic aged calcschist graphite schist chlorite schist between 17442200 m in the borehole with total depth 2200 m. The log belonging to socalled MRE AG2011/2 drilling is given in Figure IV.2.2.1.2.
Geological units and lithological properties of the project and surrounding area are presented below. Generalized stratigraphic column crosssection belonging to project and surrounding area is presented in Figure IV.2.2.2.1.1., and 1/25.000 geological map in appendices (Rfr. App7).
Stratigraphy
Palaeozoic
The oldest formations observed in Germencik Region are Paleozoic aged metamorphites belonging to Menderes Massive. These metamorphites that are composed of several gneiss, quartzite, calcschist, chlorite, biotite, muscovite schist, and marbles are subjected to metamorphism in almandineamphibolite and green schist facies.
Metamorphites in project area are composed of different rocks according to chemistry, type, environment and facies of source rock and degree of metamorphism that they are subjected to. They are transitional with each other in lateral and vertical directions. General sequence seen in the area is in the form of several gneiss, several schist, quartzite, marble and schist intercalations starting from bottom.
Gneiss (Pgny): Gneiss constituting the base of Menderes massive is seen Koçarlı Horst in south of the region and also in Kızılcagedik Horst and Bozköy Horst in north.
This formation, which is composed of mostly paragneiss, shows varieties according to composition of source rock and degree of metamorphism. Accordingly, they are named as gneiss, spotted gneiss, albite gneiss.
Some gneiss types are easily defined by coarse feldspar porphyroblasts; and they are named as augengneiss. They are hard, sharp fractured, and jointed. In stratigraphic sequence, it is detected that gneiss coming out due to drift developed before Miocene except from gneiss constituting the base in the region shows same metamorphic properties with gneiss body in the base. This gneiss coming out with this drift on schist and marble are called as “allochthonous” gneiss. The crosssection seen in Bozköy is typical. This crosssection is also seen in north section of Arzular and B. Menderes Graben. It has been the first formation cut under Neogene cover in drillings performed in Ömerbeyli (Şimşek, Ş., 2008, Study Report of Reserve Preservation Area of Aydın Germencik Geothermal Zone).
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Marble (Pmr): Marbles, determined as the most important lithological unit constituting II. reservoir in Germencik geothermal area, give outcrop in Bozköy Horst, Gümüşdağı and Samsundağı. The thicknesses of marbles in the region especially around Söke are between 50500.
Marbles within schist could be seen as a single thick layer, they are generally seen in intercalations with schist, as calcschist and in a few layers as well. Marble and marble intercalated schist and calcschist layer are intersected between 1001000 m in the opened wells. Thick marble layers are generally white, grey, and coarse and fine crystallized, mica lamellar, and abundantly jointed. Intercalated layers in schist are white, grey, and coarse and fine crystallized, mica lamellar, brittle, abundantly jointed, and mediumthin definitively layered (Şimşek, Ş., 2008, Study Report of Reserve Preservation Area of Aydın Germencik Geothermal Zone).
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Figure IV.2.2.1.2. AydınGermencik MRE AG2011/2 Geothermal Borehole Log
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Schist (Pmş): Several schists come over gneiss constituting the base after gneiss, quartzite, and micaschist transition. Lateral and vertical transitions are observed in this formation composed of several schists. They commonly give outcrops in Koçarlı Horst and Bozköy horst. The layers defined as micaschist mainly consist of garnet, albite, biotite, chlorite, calcschist and phillites according to carried out petrographic analysis. Phillite and calcschist are common in top layers. It covers marble zones in various layers and thicknesses.
Thicknesses of schist are more than 2000 m. The formation constituted of dark brown, black quartzite, graphiteschist and marble intercalation seen in top layers of marble is typical. Top zones of second reservoir in the site have been developed within this formation. As the result of the conducted tests it is seen that sufficient efficiency could not be taken from the opened wells.
Green schists formed by metamorphism of rocks with basic and ultrabasic origin are present between micaschists in NW of Söke. They are dark green, blackish, light green in some places, fractured and jointed (Şimşek, Ş., 2008, Study Report of Reserve Preservation Area of Aydın Germencik Geothermal Zone).
Cenozoic
Plio-Quaternary
PlioQuaternary and Quaternary aged sediments are common in the project area as Neogene aged sedimentary rocks.
Hüseyinciler Formation (Tph)
Clay and loam layers and lenses are seen from place to place in the formation that is developed compatibly with rapid development of Büyük Menderes graben and that is composed of yellowish, poorly sorted, coarsely blocked and graveled, loosely compacted conglomerate, sandstone intercalation. Lithology is the product of typical gully; and they are transitional in lateral and vertical directions. They are common in grabens. The thicknesses are variable and are greater than 500 m in the middle of the graben. The cement in top sections is disintegrable; and gravel and sand bars cover large areas (Şimşek, Ş., 2008, Study Report of Reserve Preservation Area of Aydın Germencik Geothermal Zone).
Quaternary
Alluvial Deposits (Qal) – Slope Washes (Qym)
Alluvial deposits and slope washes are the youngest formations in the area of research. Alluvial deposits are formed in large areas within Büyük Menderes graben. These alluvial deposits are composed of loosely compacted blocks, gravels, sands and clays; and have thicknesses up to 250400 m.
Slope washes are observed along the fault zone constituting northwest edge of Büyük Menderes Graben. There are also blocks having tons of weight and rolling over the fault plane within these deposits that are randomly stacked and containing clasts belonging to lithological units in feeding ground. They are general horizontal and sometimes inclined in line with topography (Şimşek, Ş., 2008, Study Report of Reserve Preservation Area of Aydın Germencik Geothermal Zone).
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IV.2.2.3. Mass movements (landslide/debris flow), sensitivity analysis, landslide risk map, lanslide-precipitation relationship
In the scope of the project all of the powerhouse areas and surroundings are located on alluvial deposits covering large and plain areas where topographical slopes are very low (05%) in the region within Büyük Menders graben. Furthermore; as it is indicated in soil investigation report prepared for Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant planned in Germencik District previously, there are no decisions of the area subjected to disasters taken by the Ministry Cabinet according to the Law No: 7269 in the region covering project areas. Topographical elevations where potential mass movements could be observed are approximately in 23.5 km distance to northwest of the region where project areas are located. Therefore, natural disasters like landslides, rock falls except from earthquakes are not expected in project area.
IV.2.2.4 Slope stability for the areas within the project area, map showing slide movements in slopes, slide analysis (it should be applied even in case of presence of excavation waste),
As it is explained above in Section IV.2.2.3. and it is illustrated in Figure IV.2.2.3.1 in the scope of the project all powerhouse areas and surroundings are located on alluvial deposits covering quite large and plain areas where topographical slopes are very low in the region within Büyük Menderes graben. Topographical elevations where potential mass movements could be observed in the region are in approximately 23.5 km distance in northwest of the region where project areas are located. Therefore, any cuts or slopes will not be formed in construction stage for powerhouse areas planned on a quite flat area; and there are no conveniences for socalled areas in terms of slope stability.
IV.2.2.5. Seismicity and potential of natural disaster, preparation of active/present fault map in detail in a manner showing especially project area and adjacent area in suitable scale (1/25.00 or if available 1/100.000) and chronological information concerning sesimicity,
Natural Disaster Status
In the scope of the project all powerhouse areas and surroundings are located on alluvial deposits covering quite large and plain areas where topographical slopes are very low (05 %) in the region within Büyük Menders graben. Furthermore; as it is indicated in soil investigation report prepared for Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant planned in Germencik District previously, there are no decisions of the area subjected to disasters previously taken by the Ministry Cabinet according to the Law No: 7269 in the region covering project areas. Topographical elevations where potential mass movements could be observed in the region are in approximately 23.5 km distance in northwest of the region where project areas are located.
While there are no surface waters with continuous flow passing through the planned powerhouse areas, surface waters in the region are located in 0.51.4 km distance with powerhouse areas. There are 56 m elevation difference between Çamurluılıca stream passing right north of Efe3 power plant and the powerhouse. Surface and ground waters in the region are taken under control by drainage and irrigation channels; and all are emptied into Büyük Menderes passing approximately 7 km southwards. Therefore, natural disasters like landslides, rock falls, avalanches, and floods except from earthquakes are not expected in the project area.
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Seismicity
Project area is located within 1. Degree Seismic Zone according to “Map of Seismic Zones of Turkey” of Abrogated Ministry of Public Works and Settlement. Seismicity map of Aydın Province is presented in Figure IV.2.2.5.1. Our country, that is one of the most complicated regions in the Earth and drawing attention due to high seismic activities, is located between African and Arabian Plates at South moving towards north and northwest and Eurasian Plate at North. When the movement of Anatolian Plate that is compelled towards west by compression of these plates is tried to be constrained by Aegean Plate; expansions in northsouth directions and Aegean graben systems have been developed.
Aydın Province is located in Menderes Graben. Therefore the area of investigation is under the effect of Büyük Menderes Fault that has formed Menderes Graben and is currently active. It is inferred that Alpine movements are still continuing and creating earthquakes in the project area where there are numerous active faults easily observed along Büyük Menderes Graben, where there are several hot water resources and natural steam outburst and young alterations are observed. Seismic zones are completely in east west directions in accordance with young tectonic structure.
It is known that there have occurred several earthquakes in Germencik region since from historical ages. 136 large scale earthquakes (M>5) were recorded between 1913 1970. It is reported that there is 2,4 cm/year movement rate in average (Sipahioğlu, 1979). It is seen that just a few of 136 earthquakes varies between 60100 km in depth. This result shows that the resource is present within the crust in most of the earthquakes.
Büyük Menderes Graben preserves its character of being a potential seismic activity zone again in future, since north section of Büyük Menderes Graben is a zone where vertical tectonic movements continue. These data also show that geothermal potential in the region is significant.
It is known that the region had been subjected to earthquakes and several settlement areas had been ruined in historical ages. There had been a large scale earthquake in Aydın in 1653, and a subsidence in plain sections of the city was observed in the earthquake, and inflections occurred in rails due to the faults crossing railways. The earthquake occurred in 1653 had brought forth large damages in Nazilli, Kuyucak, Sultanhisar and Köşk districts out of Aydın centrum; and there were ground cracks and water flushes occurred. There was an epicentric earthquake in Nazilli in 1899 and had been several life and property losses, there were faults with total lengths up to 50 km in parallel to axis of Büyük Menderes depression.
In instrumental period; there have been earthquakes of magnitude 5 in İncirliova, Kuyucak, Buharkent, Pamukören, Nazilli, İsabeyli and Yenipazar, and of magnitude 6 in Bozdoğan, Çine, Koçarlı, Sarıkemer, Didim, Güllübahçe, Bağarası and Sultanhisar in districts and towns out of city centrum.
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Project 1.degree
Area 2.degree
3.degree
4.degree
5.degree
Seismicity Research Department Ankara
Figure IV.2.2.5.1. Seismicity Map of Aydın Province
Source: www.deprem.gov.tr
All construction operations in the scope of the project will be performed in accordance with “Regulation on Buildings to be Constructed in Earthquake Zones” enacted by the Official Gazette No: 26454 and published on 06.03.2007 and the terms of the regulation concerning amendments in this Regulation enacted by the Official Gazette No: 26511 and published on 03.05.2007.
The earthquakes records from 1900 to today occurred around the project area with magnitude of 5 and greater (M≥5) are presented in Table IV.2.2.5.1. The earthquakes recorded in Aydın and surroundings with magnitudes 4 and greater (M≥4) are also shown in Figure IV.2.2.5.2.
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Project Area
Figure IV.2.2.5.2. The Earthquakes Recorded in the Project Area and Whose Magnitudes Are Higher Than 5
Source: www.sayisalgrafik.com.tr
Table IV.2.2.5.1. Large Earthquakes Recorded in Aydın Province and Surrounding (M≥5)
Time Depths Date Latitude Longitude Magnitude (GMT) (km) 11.10.1986 09:00 37.94 28.56 5 5.4 23.03.1969 21:11 37.90 27.60 0 5.0 07.05.1966 13:08 37.75 27.79 9 5.4 04.05.1966 21:49 37.74 27.71 37 5.2 16.07.1955 07:07 37.65 27.26 40 6.8 01.05.1954 15:24 37.88 27.39 30 5.1 28.09.1920 15:17 37.89 28.35 10 5.7 13.11.1918 10:13 37.80 27.30 35 5.2 07.08.1910 21:45 37.80 28.70 30 5.3 08.03.1908 02:00 37.80 27.80 15 5.0
Source: Kandilli Records
Western Turkey comprises one of the structural elements of AlpineMediterranean Belt. There are two large Paleotectonic units called as MenderesTaurus Block in south and Sakarya Plate at north, in west of Western Turkey. These units are separated from the other by İzmirAnkara branch of NeoTethys suture zone. It is believed that settlement of ophiolites determining Suture zone had been occurred during PalaeoceneSub Eocene age before final collision of MenderesTaurus Block with Sakarya Plate.
Western Turkey is a stress zone since approximately Late EocenePliocene ages. Several geological features like mainly graben systems in eastwest directions, young volcanism, and high seismicity are the result of this stress.
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Graben systems continue through Aegean Sea at the west and constrained by the North Anatolian Fault at the north and the Hellenic Trench at the south. Büyük Menderes Graben where Büyük Menderes River flows on a subsidence zone having 180 km length in eastwest direction, 12 km width in Germencik, constrained by normal faults. Normal fault segment with 40 km extension in eastwest directions and others at 3 km north of Germencik are active in terms of seismicity.
Young volcanic rocks formed after Up Pliocene had served as heating of waters; hot waters uprising along deep faults, and are partially reserved directly or partially reserved in marbles and recrystalline limestone or aroused as springs in fault zones.
Büyük Menderes Massive has been formed by subsidence of edges of earlier massive by regional faults. PlioQuaternary aged formation takes place on Paleozoic aged gneiss in the base after a large stratigraphic void with an angular disconformity. There are numerous faults present in the region. These faults extend along EastWest direction and developed in parallel to each other. Faults are mostly dipslip normal faults.
Compression tectonics had been effective in massive before Neogene, as a result drifts have been developed. Gneiss has taken place on marblequartzite intercalation constituting top layers of metamorphic by Bozköy drift. Later on, this drift is covered by young Pliocene sediments.
Domed uprise started especially in Up Pliocene in Menderes Massive is resulted in horsts and grabens in eastwest direction. These are Koçarlı Horst, Büyük Menderes Graben and Bozdağ horst respectively from south. Furthermore, Kızılgedik horst in north of Germencik district, Arzular graben in north of this horst, Durmuşdağı horst at the north of Söke district and Gümüş graben are formed within Büyük Menderes graben.
There are cleavages in various directions in the region. These are determined as eastwest, northeastsouthwest and northsouth oriented. They are seen as especially eastwest oriented around Germencik district. Northsouth oriented cleavages are relatively shorter slipped and are seen throughout the region. Cleavages formed in both directions intersect around Germencik. Active fault map belonging to project and surrounding area is presented in Figure IV.2.2.5.3.
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Project Area
Figure IV.2.2.5.3. Active Faults Map of the Project Area and Surrounding
Source: General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration ,1992
IV.2.2.6. Geotechnical study report, if available (detailed geotechnical studies of all units in the scope of the project),
There is no geotechnical study report from planned areas in the scope of the project. However there is one geotechnical study report prepared for Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant of that EIA studies had been completed previously at 1.52 km north powerhouse areas on the same alluvial planes in the region. Therefore a large section of geotechnical study report conducted on same alluvial planes close to planned powerhouse areas has nearly the same geotechnical properties with the project area.
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6 soil investigation drill holes with total length of 105 m and varying thicknesses between 1520 are opened in order to determine geological and geotechnical parameters of the soil in the region in the scope of socalled geotechnical study report. Light brown colored, poorly graded medium graveled, silted sand formation is cut in all drillings. Gravels are generally mediumcoarse grained, poorly sorted, round, medium rounded grained, and flat or semicornered in some places; and consist of gneiss, mica schist, several clay schist, quartzite and marbles of crystalline series.
Safe bearing value, qa is calculated as 2.18 kg/cm2 for alluvial ground as the result of field (SPT) and laboratory tests conducted on samples taken during drillings and from drill cores.
IV.2.3. Hydrogeological Properties (ground water levels; all types of caisson, deep, artesian etc. wells that are still present; safe drawing rates; physical, chemical and bacteriological properties of water; current and planned usage of ground water, flowrates, distances to project area)
The most important underground treasure of Aydın is geothermal energy resource. GermencikÖmerbeyli geothermal field, together with presence of various regions, is the geothermal energy field having the highest temperature with 230°C in Turkey. Furthermore, it is the richest geothermal field in terms of potential. Paleozoic aged Menderes Massive Metamorphites constitute the base of the area in close surrounding of hot water resource. There are gneiss and micaschist present at the base of Menderes Massive. Tertiary sediments take place on the base with a stratigraphic void space. Tertiary Sediments start with Up Miocene aged conglomerate and sandstone and continues with claystone, siltstone intercalation. Pliocene sediments with conglomerate, sandstone, claystone and siltstone intercalation take place on Up Miocene and there are very loosely compacted PlioQuaternary sediments at the top.
Gneiss belonging to the base takes place on marble, micaschist and phillite intercalation constituting the top section of metamorphites through Bozköy drift depending on compressive tectonics in the Massive before Miocene. All units fractured by graben formation developed at this phase gained secondary porosity and permeability by the effect of dipslip faults extending up to 100 m. At that time, precipitation of Tertiary sediments has been realized. Very fractured marbles and sandstones, gneiss and other formations near the fault zones in the region could play the reservoir role.
There is abundant ground water in wide alluvial plane where Büyük Menderes River is present that represents the south of the project area. There is also free ground water in riverbeds reaching to this plain and in alluvial fans through the plains. There are cold water plants operating in a few levels in Büyük Menderes alluvial plain. There are no ground waters encountered in drillings conducted with depths of 1520 m in geotechnical studies mentioned previously in Section IV.2.2.6. in the region. However there is ground water encountered in drilling operations with depths 3540 m in other drilling studies conducted in the region.
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IV.2.4. Properties of geothermal resource (Potential, level of the geothermal resource; relationship with other geothermal resources/field in the region, safe drawing rate),
Table IV.2.4.1. Distance of Efe Geothermal Power Plant to Neighbouring Geothermal Resources
Units Direction Distance to Gürmat Geothermal Power Plant (m) Unit1 Flash+ Unit2 Binary 1.834 Northwest Unit3 Binary East 2.400
Unit4 Binary Northeast 2.825
Unit5 Binary Northwest 4.300
The distance of socalled power plant to neighbouring power plane is given above.
Geothermal potential report prepared by applying Monte Carlo Simulation by related academician of Middle East Technical University is given in Appendices (Rfr. App1.6).
There is an energy potential of 250,21 MWe in case of anticipating life of power plant as 30 years with 90% probability as the result of this study. When the life of power plant is anticipated as 20 years with 90% probability, the energy potential of reservoir is expected as 369,26 MWe. In the safest condition (30 years and 90% probability), electrical potential of the reservoir is accepted as 250,21 MW, however energy potential of operational area is anticipated as 180 MWe by taking 72% of this potential in order to stay in much more safer side.
A license application is done with 162,5 MWe by leaving a factor of safety through the light of these data. Energy capacity estimated by applying Monte Carlo Simulation will be confirmed by development wells to be opened in the license area in operation stage.
IV.2.5 Other geothermal resources present in the region and utilization status of them (energy, tourism, warming-heating, greenhousing etc.), production wells and temperature of geothermal water,
Most important geothermal areas in the region where the powerhouse is planned to be established are Ömerbeyli, Bozköy and Çamurlu geothermal areas. The distances to area planned to establish the project are 2 km (Ömerbeyli), 16,5 km (Bozköy) and 15 km (Çamurlu) respectively. It is known that there is fumarole (steam spring) with temperature of 99101°C in the region where ground water is hot around Ömerli village. Temperature of Bozköy thermal spring is 62°C and flow rate is 2 lt/sec; temperature of Çamurlu thermal spring is 3692°C and flow rate is 1,5 lt/sec.
While there are usages of Ömerbeyli geothermal spring in purpose of energy generation, urban heatingcooling, greenhouse heating, drying (fig, grape), thermal spa and thermal baths; BozköyÇamurlu Geothermal springs are used in purposes of thermal spa, thermal baths and greenhouse heating.
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IV.2.6 Hydrogeological properties (physical, chemical, bacteriological and ecologic properties of lake, river and other wetlands among surfacial water resources, flow rates and seasonal changes of rivers in this scope, overflows, oligotrophic, mosotrophic, eutrophic, dystrophic classification of drainage basin, sedimentation, drainage, coastal ecosystem of all water resources),
Project area is located within Büyük Menderes Basin that is one of water basins generally separated in Turkey. The most important surface waters in the region covering powerhouse areas are Alangüllü stream, Çamurluılıca stream, Büyük Menderes River and irrigation and drying channels in the region. The distances of closest surface waters to powerhouse areas can be listed as; Alangüllü stream flows into Büyük Menderes River at the south passing through 1.4 km west of Efe 12 powerhouse area and 800 m east of Efe4 powerhouse. Çamurluılıca stream reaches to Büyük Menderes by passing through 550 m west of Efe4 powerhouse while passing immediate east of Efe3 powerhouse. Efe 5 is the most distant powerhouse to surface waters mentioned above; and Yalkıdere drying channel passes through 3 km east and irrigation channel passes through 2.5 km south. Büyük Menderes River, which is the most important surface water in the region, passes through 7 km south of the area where it is planned to establish the powerhouses. The closest powerhouse to Hıdırbeyli Dam constructed for irrigation purposes in the region is Efe3 powerhouse. Hıdırbeyli Dam is located at approximately 2 km north of Efe 3 powerhouse.
Büyük Menderes River: Büyük Menderes River has a length of 584 km and is the longest in Aegean Region. It comes out from springs leaking from plateaus between Sandıklı and Dinar in Inner West Anatolia and around Çivril and Honaz (Denizli). It is fed by the waters that fill Işıklı Lake.
It flows to Aegean Sea by taking in Banaz Stream in Uşak and Çine Stream in Muğla and giving its name to a basin of 24976 km2 of area. The length in Aydın province is 283 km. The river formed an alluvial plain of 320 km2 by carrying 13 million m3 of alluvial deposits in each year. Agricultural land with an area of 200 he is covered with alluvial deposits in each year and land with area of 2000 ha is subjected to overflows in each year. Numerous tributary rivers feed the river. Monthly lowest average flow rate in Germencik is 27,8 m3/sec and the highest average flow rate is 280 m3/sec.
IV.2.7. Current and planned use of surface waters, properties of basin if available (drinking, using and irrigation water, electricity generation, dams, lakes, ponds, product types and production rates in aquacultural production), whether the project area is within inner continental surface water basin where drinking and using water is supplied, whether so-called stream is feeding any drinking water resource, whether drinking water is taken,
There are Büyük Menderes River, Çine Stream, Akçay, Köşk Stream, İkizdere, Dandalaz Stream, Kapızdere and Sarıçay present among important water resources that are usable for energy, irrigation or drinking water purposes within the boundaries of Aydın province. The closest powerhouse to Hıdırbeyli Dam constructed for irrigation purposes in the region is Efe3 powerhouse. Hıdırbeyli Dam is located at approximately 2 km north of Efe3 powerhouse. Technical properties of Hıdırbeyli Dam are given in Table IV.2.7.1.
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Irrigation in Aydın province is generally managed by state (SHW, Province Special Administration), and SHW has transferred its rights concerning irrigation to Irrigation Unities. The irrigation performed by the community is taken from groundwater water; it is relatively lower than state irrigation. Büyük Menderes River is mostly utilized for irrigational purposes in the region. Pollution in Büyük Menderes River and streams and rivers flowing to it by solid, fluid and gas domestic, urban, agricultural (fertilizers and pesticides) and industrial wastes creates a big problem.
Table IV.2.7.1. Technical Properties of Hıdırbeyli Dam
Location of Pond AydınGermencik Feeding River Çamurlu Ilıca Purpose Irrigation Year of Construction (Start-Finish) 19921998 Body Filling Type Zoned earth filling Body Volume 625 dam3 Storage Capacity 3.52 hm3 Height (from thalweg) 26.5 m Height (from base) 29.5 Irrigation Area 230 ha
Source: SHW 21. Regional Directorate Aydın
Current water usage status, planned and current irrigation facilities located in project and adjacent area are presented in Figure IV.5.1.
Project Area
Figure IV.2.7.1. The Current Water Usage Status, Planned and Current Irrigation Facilities Located in Project and Adjacent Area
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IV.2.8. Properties of soil and usage status (soil structure, land use capability, classication, bearing capacity, slope stability, greasiness, erosion, usage for soil operations, pasture, grassland etc. as natural plant cover),
Soils in the region can be classified under two groups when soil types are considered. These are zonal and azonal soils, formed by the elements like climate, plant cover, and timemass structure those play important role in soil formation; and they can be kept out of these effects. While zonal soils are seen in slope sections, azonal soils are seen flat and broad alluvial plains. Soils forming plains in Aydın province are composed of two sections. These are deep hydromorphic alluvial soils and young soils formed by alluvials.
Aydın province possesses large agricultural lands; these areas are irrigated by Büyük Menderes River. The lands close to Büyük Menderes River are generally composed of 1. Class and Alluvial soils. There are several types of soils in Aydın province; these soils can be listed as alluvial soils (A), colluvial soils (K), chestnut colored soils (C), reddish chestnut colored soils (D), red Mediterranean soils (T), red brown Mediterranean soils (E), regosol soils (L), noncalcareous brown forest soils (N), noncalcareous brown soils (U), rendzinas (R), alluvial coastal marshes (Sv) and poorly drained saltyalkali soils (Hv).
Grasslands and pasture lands in Aydın province is 24.705 he and they constitutes 3% of total lands. Total lands are 831.900 he and 38% of this total area are composed of forestlands. 47% of provincial forests that cover an area of 326.649 he are classified as small forest and 53% is classified as coppice forest.
It is seen that land use capabilities are cultural lands, grassland/pasture, forests, lake and marshes, nonagricultural lands when land distribution of Aydın province is considered. The land information concerning these areas is presented in the table below.
Table IV.2.8.1. Land Distribution of Aydın Province
LAND USE CAPABILITY TYPE AREA (he) %
Cultural Lands 395.494 48 Grassland/Pasture 24.705 3 Forests 319.177 38 Lakes and Marshes 14.271 2 NonAgricultural 78.253 9 Total 831.900 100
Source: Aydın Governorship, Abrogated Directorate of Province Environment and Forests, Aydın Province Environment Report, 2010
Unit1 + Unit2 Binary and Unit4 Binary Powerhouse areas are composed of irrigational agricultural lands and Group A (Alluvial) soils according to large soil groups; Unit3 Binary Powerhouse area is composed of olive groves and Group K (Colluvial) soils according to large soil groups; and Unit5 Binary Powerhouse area is composed of gardens and Group A (alluvial soils) according to large soil groups, according to 1/25.000 scaled Land Assets Map (App5) presented in appendices and prepared for Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project.
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IV.2.9. Agricultural lands (whether agricultural areas are present, if present agricultural development project areas, size of irrigated and dry agricultural lands, product patterns and yearly production rates of these, place and economic worth of these products in national agriculture),
Total area of Aydın province is 831.900 he; and 48% (395.494 he) of this land is used as agricultural land. There are vegetative production done in 175.747 (44%) he of agricultural land as irrigational and 219.747 (56%) he as dry.
When general soil structure is considered, agricultural lands have structures of loamy as 59,1%, clayeyloamy as 30,4%, clayey as 9,1% and sandy as 1,4%, in classification done according to saturation percentages. When soil reaction is considered, agricultural lands have structures of acidic as 13,6%, neutral as 28,3% and alkaline as 58,1%. 93,5% of lands where processed agriculture is applied are saltless, 5,1% is mildly salted, 1% is mediumsalted and 0,4% is very salted in terms of soil salinity. There are problems at a degree that could hinder plant development in very salty and mediumsalted soils. When it is evaluated in terms of limeness; 34,5% of agricultural lands in Aydın province is low, 20,4% is medium, 22,67% is calcareous, 17,6% is very calcareous and 4,97% is excessively calcareous.
A large section of agricultural lands is poor in terms of organic matter. Organic matter is very low in 69,6% and low in 30,4% according to average of analysis results. These soils should be fertilized by nitrogenous manure. The role of climatic properties and erosion is great in development of this condition. Application of measures increasing organic matter amount are necessary for continuity and increase in efficiency. It is detected that 63,9% of agricultural lands are poor in terms of phosphorus, 19,3% is mediumrich and 16,8% is rich, in phosphorous determination (acc. to Olsen method) receivable by plants. According to this evaluation, soils showing phosphorous deficiency should be supported by phosphatic fertilizers. Geological structure and climatic conditions of Aydın province lead to excessive potassium deposition in soils. Potassium is detected as low in 0,17% of provincial lands, as medium in 2,7%, as sufficient in 3,9% and as excessive in 93,3%.
Cotton is leading in the most important products grown in both dry and irrigated agricultural conditions. Cereals, olive, fig, citrus fruits, corn, tobacco and vegetables are among the cultivated products, as well. Areas of cultivated plants and the ratio of these areas to total Cultivated Lands are presented in Table IV.2.9.1.
Table IV.2.9.1. Usage of Cultivated Lands in Aydın Province
USAGE OF CULTIVATED RATIO TO CULTIVATED AREA (he) TO TOTAL AREA (%) LANDS LANDS (%) Olive Groves and Orchard 201.888 51,0 24,3 Citrus Fruits 5.366 1,4 0,6 Vineyards 1.754 0,4 0,2 Cereals 70.477 17,8 8,5 Industrial Vegetation 47.305 12,0 5,7 Forage Plants 35.670 9,0 4,3 Vegetable Lands 10.769 2,7 1,3 Other Lands 22.265 5,6 2,7 TOTAL 395.494 100 48
Source: Aydın Governorship, Abrogated Directorate of Province Environment and Forests, Aydın Province Environment Report, 2010
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Vegetative production in agricultural lands in Aydın province is separated into two as arable crops and garden plants. Arable crops can be listed as poaceae, forage plants, industrial vegetation and ornamental plants. Poaceae grown in Aydın province, cultivation areas and production rates are presented in the table below.
Table IV.2.7.2. Poaceae Cultivation Areas and Production Rates of Aydın Province in 2010
NAME OF PRODUCT CULTIVATION AREA (he) PRODUCTION (ton) Wheat 33.090 184.853 Barley 15.217 47.269 Rye 1.391 2.642 Oat 1.101 2.600
Source: Aydın Governorship, Abrogated Directorate of Province Environment and Forests, Aydın Province Environment Report, 2010
Forage plants cultivated in Aydın province can be listed as clover, vetch, sorghum, fodder beet. Cultivation areas and production rates of these plants are presented in Table IV.2.7.3.
Table IV.2.7.3. Forage Plants Cultivation Areas and Production Rates of Aydın Province in 2010
NAME OF PRODUCT CULTIVATION AREA (he) PRODUCTION (ton) Clover 9.957 278.457 Vetch 5.895 108.984 Sorghum 47 1.061 Fodder Beet 1.530 72.727
Source: Aydın Governorship, Abrogated Directorate of Province Environment and Forests, Aydın Province Environment Report, 2010
Industrial vegetation grown in Aydın province, cultivation areas and production rates are presented in the table below.
Table IV.2.7.4. Industrial Vegetation Cultivation Areas and Production Rates of Aydın Province in 2010
NAME OF PRODUCT CULTIVATION AREA (he) PRODUCTION (ton) Cotton 46.706 213.812 Tobacco 4.044 2.345 Corn (Granular) 23.318 297.468 Corn (Output) 207 3.235 Sunflower 23.251 6.589 Sesame 159 144 Potatoes 297 7.324 Peanut 1.579 6.121
Source: Aydın Governorship, Abrogated Directorate of Province Environment and Forests, Aydın Province Environment Report, 2010
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There are smallscale plants doing ornamental plants cultivation in Aydın province. Besides, ornamental plant seedlings are grown within the body of Agricultural Faculty of Adnan Menderes University, Municipality and Forestry Operation Directorate and these plants grown are used in landscaping operations.
Fruit growing production, numbers of bearers, and vegetable cultivation areas and production rates in Aydın where garden plants are also grown are presented in the tables below.
Table IV.2.7.5. Fruit Production in Aydın Province in 2010
NAME OF NUMBER OF BEARERS (#) PRODUCTION (ton) PRODUCT Pear 299.492 5.358 Quince 61.259 1.652 Apple 696.163 23.878 Medlar 9.760 117 Japanese Medlar 6.673 119 Plum 276.799 10.792 Apricot 37.290 1293 Cherry 137.177 2.475 Peach 547.189 20.531 Sour Cherry 151.25 327 Wild Apricot 8.570 206 Pistachio 216.320 412 Walnut 130.290 3.984 Almond 81.871 1.346 Chestnut 611.125 18.605 Strawberry (inc. greenhouse 8.347 Da 29.841 cultivation) Fig (Wet) 5.929.372 172.114 Pomegranate 350.050 8.430 Persimmon 2.388 73 Grapes 19.061 18.488 Total Production 238.118 Olive 21.084.568 Table Olive 73.874 Olive Oil 164.244 Lemon 43.885 1.497 Orange 879.004 44.510 Mandarin 787.348 28.743 Bitter Orange 15.771 446 Grapefruit 20.450 504
Source: Aydın Governorship, Abrogated Directorate of Province Environment and Forests, Aydın Province Environment Report, 2010
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Table IV.2.7.6. Vegetable Cultivation Areas and Production Rates of Aydın Province in 2010
2008 2009 2010 PRODUCT PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCTION AREA (ha) AREA (ha) AREA (ha) (ton) (ton) (ton) Cabbage (white) 169 6.381 174 6.529 195 7.516 Cabbage (red) 18 371 19 401 29 601 Celery (rib) 76 1.149 74 1.132 71 1.097 Celery (root) 10 177 13 251 12 238 Lettuce (head) 55 955 49 816 48 808 Lettuce (heart) 156 3.278 156 3.244 169 3.636 Spinach 374 4.000 362 3.809 348 3.722 Scallion 176 5.393 174 5.405 178 5.544 Artichoke 197 2.604 295 3.667 289 3.766 Parsley 21 154 20 148 20 147 Rocket 8 47 7 45 7 50 Pepper weed 8 42 8 43 6 36 Marrow (vegetable) 119 2.643 116 2.500 109 2.279 Marrow (pumpkin) 13 197 15 267 15 267 Cucumber 276 5.870 264 5.249 264 5.224 Aubergine 435 13.024 416 12.498 420 12.485 Gombo 374 2.489 386 2.631 358 2.473 Tomatoes 2400 131.069 2285 88.965 2.558 89.393 Pepper (green, 1.142 25.450 1.179 27.199 1150 26.402 banana) Pepper (bell) 57 1.125 54 1.081 50 992 Pepper (sauceboat) 39 1.190 42 1.240 37 1.145 Watermelon 1.692 69.050 1688 68.690 1.521 55.367 Yellow melon 727 15.899 763 17.170 720 16.104 Bean (green) 265 2.515 254 2.257 257 2.482 Kidney Bean 248 1.435 164 1.281 157 1.227 Peas 219 1.712 220 1.766 198 1.905 Horse bean 184 1.998 183 2.019 164 1836 Cranberry Beans 82 635 91 745 91 764 Garlic 15 190 15 191 16 192 Onion 193 3.801 197 3.972 189 3.813 Cauliflower 289 6.197 357 7.220 385 7.816
Source: Aydın Governorship, Abrogated Directorate of Province Environment and Forests, Aydın Province Environment Report, 201
Usage of agricultural pesticides used in agricultural lands in Aydın province according to product groups is presented in the table below.
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Table IV.2.7.7. Pesticide Usage According to Product Groups in 2010
GROUP INSECTICIDE (kg-lt) FUNGICIDE (kg-lt) HERBICIDE (kg-lt) ACARICIDE (kg-lt) Cereals 11.000 2.000 0 0 Forage Plants 15.500 0 0 0 Industrial Vegetation 87.500 1.500 11.000 22.500 Fruits 218.000 22.500 0 3.500 Cıtrus Fruits 57.000 10.500 100 0 Olive 22.500 39.500 0 0 Pistachio 100 0 0 0 Vineyard 29.000 5.500 0 0 Vegetables 53.500 48.400 0 12.000 General Pests 700 0 0 0 Ornamental Plants 750 0 0 0 Weeds 0 0 92.850 0 Hatch Pests 0 100 50 0 Fumigants 450 0 0 0 Total 496.000 13.000 10.4000 38.000 GENERAL TOTAL 768.000
Source: Aydın Governorship, Abrogated Directorate of Province Environment and Forests, Aydın Province Environment Report, 2010
Project area is composed of agricultural lands in 1/100.000 Environmental Plan of AydınMuğlaDenizli Planning Region and Unit1 + Unit2 Binary and Unit4 Binary Powerhouse areas are composed of irrigational agricultural lands and Group A (Alluvial) soils according to large soil groups; Unit3 Binary Powerhouse area is composed of olive groves and Group K (Colluvial) soils according to large soil groups; and Unit5 Binary Powerhouse area is composed of gardens and Group A (alluvial soils) according to large soil groups, according to 1/25.000 Land Assets Map (App5) presented in appendices and prepared for Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project.
Additionally, ownership status and land assets of socalled project area are given in appendices (See App1.4)
There is information collected concerning population of the region living around the project area does what type of agricultural activity in the scope of social researches conducted adjacent area of the project. Houses growing agricultural products cultivate olive, fig, corn, cotton, clover, wheat, bean, pepper, strawberry, aubergine, tomatoes, apple, plum, apricot and barley. Olive (27,2%) and fig (25%) draw attention as being most grown among agricultural products. (See Figure.IV.2.9.1.)
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Figure.IV.2.9.1. Products Obtained from Agricultural Production
IV.2.10 Forest lands (tree types and quantities, sizes of areas covered and shading property, current and planned protection and/or usage purposes, 1/25.000 scale stand map)
Efe Geothermal Power Plant belonging to Burç Real Estate Enterprise and Construction Co. is located within the boundaries of Germencik and İncirliova Districts. Project area has the property of being agricultural land; there are sewn agricultural terrains (olive, fig etc.) from place to place around.
The closest forest area to project area is at a distance of 2 km according to satellite images. Fire precautions will be given importance generally in the scope of the project and necessary kits, tools and equipment will be kept ready at the site for the emergency response. Additionally, in case of a fire in surrounding the equipment and tools supplied at the project sites will be used in fire extinguishing efforts.
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Figure.IV.2.10.1. The Distances of the Powerhouse Areas to Fertile Forest Lands
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BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT IV.2.11. Protection areas (National Parks, Natural Parks, Wetlands, Natural Monuments, Nature Reserve Areas, Wildlife Protection Areas, Biogenetic Rezerve Areas, Biosphere Rezerves, Natural Sites and Monuments, Historical, Cultural Sites, Specially Protected Environment Regions, Specially Protected Environment Areas, Tourism Area and Centers, the area in scope of Pasture Law, illustration of distances to protected areas in an comprehensive manner and colored in 1/100.000 scaled map)
The project is located within the boundaries of Germencik and İncirliova districts in Aydın province. The areas in the scope of “National Parks”, “Natural Parks”, “Natural Monuments” and “Nature Protection Areas” defined in 2. Article and determined according to 3. Article of National Parks Law No: 2873 are presented below.
National Parks:
There is Dilek Peninsula – Büyük Menderes Delta National Park within the boundaries of the province. National Park stays in boundaries of Kuşadası and Söke districts at the west of the province, is located at 50 km to the project area.
Activity Area
Figure IV.2.11.1. Sensitive Areas Located in Aydın Province and Surrounding
Source: http://geodata.dmi.gov.tr/GeoDatav4p/index.aspx
Dilek Peninsula Section is the last point where Samson Mounts extend to Aegean Sea; and has 20 km length and 6 km width. There are several hills, valleys, canyons and bays within the morphological structure. The highest point of the peninsula having an average elevation of 650 m is Dilek Hill (Mykale) with 1237 m elevation. National Park takes its name from this hill. Büyük Menderes Delta Section is a wetland with overflow property covering a few lagoons and salty marshes and mud flats. The area is protected by international Bern, Ramsar and Rio Conventions and Barcelona Convention.
65 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Natural Parks
There is Bafa Lake Natural Park in Aydın province. SökeMilas highway passes through lake edge. Distance to project area is approximately 75 km.
Wetlands
There are Büyük Menderes Delta and Bafa Lake in the property of being Class A wetlands. Average size of the delta is about 16.675 he. Bafa Lake has an area of 12.281 he. Delta is taken under protection as National Park and Bafa Lake is taken under protected as Natural Park. Azap Lake located near Sarıkemer in Söke district is a natural lake and has an elevation of 6 m and area of 218 he. Protection status is not defined for lake.
Project area is 4,5 km distant from Büyük Menderes Delta and 38,5 km from Bafa Lake.
Natural Monuments
300 years old Cedar wood near Sinan Dede Sepulcher in Nazilli district, Aydın province, 800 years old Plane tree (Platanus orientalis) located near Selatin Village in Ortaklar town, Germencik district are the most remarkable examples accepted as “Monumental Tree” by II. Committee of Protection of Cultural and Natural Assets and other monumental trees are presented as a list below.
Plane Tree Germencik/Ortaklar Selatin Village (Distance to project area is 11,6 km)
Plane Tree İncirliova Front of Erbeyli Municipality Building (Distance to project area is 3,5 km)
2 Plane Trees Incirliova Cumhuriyet Square (Distance to project area is 3 km)
3 Plane Trees İncirliova Near Station Building (Distance to project area is 3 km)
Plane Tree İncirliova Namık Kemal Str. (Distance to project area is 3,4 km)
66 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Monumental Trees
No Name District Address 1 Palm tree Centrum Hasan Efendi Qtr. 2 Plane tree Köşk / Soğukkuyu Başçayır Str. 3 Oak tree Kuşadası Güzelçamlı Town 4 Plane tree Kuşadası Hacıfeyzullah Qtr. Karaova Locality 5 Oak tree Kuşadası Türkmen Qtr. Birlik Housing Estate 6 Plane tree Kuşadası/Davutlar Saraydamları Locality 7 Lebanon cedar, 2 stone pines Centrum Hasan Efendi Qtr. 8 Plane tree Centrum Kemer Mosque 9 Plane tree Centrum In Front of Erbeyli Municipality Building 10 2 Plane trees Incirliova Cumhuriyet Square 11 Plane tree Germencik/Ortaklar Selatin Village 12 2 Plane trees Centrum Kemer Qtr. Dedekuyusu Locality 13 Plane tree Umurlu 14 3 Plane trees İncirliova Next to Station Building 15 Plane tree İncirliova Namık Kemal Str. 16 Plane tree Umurlu Emirdoğan Village 17 Locust tree Didim Gevrek Locality 18 Dokuzkavaklar (9 plane trees) Karacasu Kahvederesi Locality 19 Nacipınar Planes (2 plane tree) Karacasu Nacipınar Locality 20 Plane tree Kuyucak Aydınoğlu Qtr. Çarşı Mosque 21 Lebanon cedar Nazilli Pınarbaşı Qtr. Hürriyet Str. 22 Iron tree Söke Railway Main Station
Natural Protection Areas
There are no Natural Protection Areas in Aydın province.
Wildlife Protection Areas
There are no Wildlife Protection Areas in Aydın province.
Biogenetic Reserve Areas
There are no Biogenetic Reserve Areas in Aydın province.
Biosphere Reserves
There are no Biosphere Reserve Areas in Aydın province.
Natural Protected Areas and Monuments
In Aydın Province there are monumental trees, religious architectural samples, military building samples and civil architectural samples that are officially registered as single structures. The Cave of Zeus, which was found in the National Park of Güzelçamlı Town and remains within the area of responsibility of Aydın Museum, was registered as a Protected Area.
67 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Barrows
Series No Name of the Barrows District Registered Unregistered
1 Deştepe Barrow Aydın (Centrum) x 2 Küçüktepe Barrow Centrum x 3 Kızıltaş Hill Çine x 4 Ayaklı Barrow Çine x 5 Tepecik Barrow Çine x 6 Bağçetepe and Çukurtepe Barrow Salavatlı x 7 Kavaklıkahve Barrow Bozdoğan x 8 Üsgebi Barrow Bozdoğan x 9 Alamut Barrow Alamut x 10 Old Çine Fortress and Barrow Çine x 11 Küçüktepe Koçarlı x 12 Tolostepe Koçarlı x
Historical, Cultural Protected Areas
Archaeological Protected Areas
Series No Ancient Settlement- Ruins District Registered Unregistered 1 Nyssa Ancient City Sultanhisar x 2 Mastaura Ancient Village Nazilli x 3 Antiocheia Ancient City Kuyucak x 4 Harpasa Ancient City Nazilli x 5 Neopolis Bozdoğan x 6 Piginda Bozdoğan x 7 Körteke Ruins Körteke Köyü x 8 Astaria Yenipazar x 9 Tralles Aydın (Centrum) x 10 Magnesia Germencik x 11 Phyglea Kuşadası x 12 Neopolis Kuşadası x 13 Rural Protected Area Kuşadası x 14 Ilıcatepe Kuşadası x 15 Kadıkalesi Anaia Kuşadası x 16 Panionion Kuşadası x 17 Amyzon Koçarlı x 18 Alinda Karpuzlu x 19 Alabanda Çine x 20 Gerga Çine x 21 Thebai Söke (In the National Park) x
Tumuluses Connected to Aydın Museum ( Mausoleums )
Series No. Name of Tumulus District Registered Unregistered 1 Güdüslü Koçarlı x 2 Maltepe Yenipazar x 3 Kavaklı Bozdoğan x 4 Kavaklı Bozdoğan x 5 Toygarlar Village Cemetery Nazilli x 6 Toygar Nazilli x 7 Aslanlı Nazilli x 8 Güzelköy Nazilli x 9 Salavatlı South of Salavatlı x 10 Asma Village Bozdoğan x
68 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Special Environment Protection Regions
There is not any Special Environment Protection Region existing in Aydın Province.
Special Environment Protection Areas
There is not any Special Environment Protection Area existing in Aydın Province.
Touristic Spots and Centres
Aydın Province is one of the richest regions in terms of archaeological heritage in Turkey. Ever since the dates of B.C. 4000 until our days, the province witnessed the Hittites, Lydia, Ion, Roman, Byzantium, Ottoman and Turkish civilisations. As the result of this cultural heritage the ancient settlements and museums that can be found in the city have a great importance with regard to the domestic and international tourism. These ancient settlements that hide diverse sorts of archaeological values in themselves can be listed as below;
Ruins District Aphrodisias Karacasu Nyssa Sultanhisar Alinda Çine Milet Söke Miletos Söke Priene Söke Didyma Yenihisar
-Aphrodisias:
It is settled 12 km to the east of Karacasu District, in the vicinity of Geyre Village and to the northeast of Karya Region. In Hellenistic Era, the history of the city, whose name is derived from the Greek Goddess Aphrodite, goes back to the Late Kalcolotic Era. However the city actually thrived in Roman Period and during the reign of Hadrianus (A.D. 117138) the city became most prosperous and was a cultural and art center. It preserved its importance during the Byzantium Period by becoming the center of episcopacy.
-Nyssa:
It is 3 km to the north of Sultanhisar District. The city was founded in about 3000 B.C., thrived in Hellenistic Era and gained its real importance during the Roman Empire. The city was founded on the two shores of the a creek and the creek was closed with large tunnels and the two sides of the city were joined especially around the location where the theatre was constructed. The remarkable buildings are the theatre, stadium, agora, library, comitia curiata, and gymnasium.
-Alinda: It was settled to the west of Çine District and in the vicinity of Karpuzlu District. It is estimated that Alinda, which is a Carian city, was founded in 5. Century B.C. The city was founded on a hill and the city walls and the agora, which were constructed during the Hellenistic Era have been well preserved until today.
-Milet: It is in the boundaries of Söke District, Balat Village. The city was an important coastal port in the past, whereas the fillings of the alluviums of Menderes River ruptured the connection of the city with the sea.
69 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT -Miletus:
The city was an important Mycenaean Colony in the mid 2000 B.C. The city prolonged its existence in 7. Century B.C. and entered under the domination of Persian Empire in 494 B.C. The city gained its own sovereignty again with Alexander the Great, lived its most prosperous years and also preserved its importance during the Roman Period. Its remarkable buildings are theatre, comitia curiata, south agora, stadium, Delphinion, gymnasium, feustra baths, İlyas Bey Mosque, caravanserai, City Walls, odeon, Aphrodite Shrine, Hodria Baths and agora.
- Priene:
The city is 15 km away from Söke District and close to Güllübahçe Town. It is one of the oldest Ionic Cities. Although the date of its foundation is not known, it was probably founded before 5000 B.C. Priene was settled on its today’s location in 350 B.C. It is the first sample in the world for which urban planning was applied. The city was an important center during the Hellenistic Era, then entered under the domination of Roman Empire. During the Byzantium Period it became an important episcopacy. Its remarkable buildings are, Athena Shrine and Agora.
- Didyma:
The city was settled in the boundaries of the Didim District. It was a religious center which hadn’t lost its importance from 6 Century B.C. until the End of Roman Period. The sacred road beginning from Miletus, continues along the coast and reaches to Panermos Port in Didyma, from there it elongates in southeast direction and reaches to Didyma Apollon Temple with a road that’s ornamented with statues of priests on both sides. This is a massive monumental structure.
Aydın Province also has two important touristic spot in its boundaries (Kuşadası and Didim). In the summer months many domestic and foreign tourists flock to these districts, therefore the population numbers show great differences between winter and summer seasons. The majority of the population in summer is composed of foreign people. Beside the foreign tourists, domestic tourists prefer to accommodate in their second houses (summer houses), which are in Kuşadası and Didim Districts between the months of June August, which also causes an increase in the population in these districts.
Akbük, Didim Altınkum, Davutlar, Women’s Beach in Kuşadası District, Public Beach of Municipality, Güvercinada Beach, Yılancıburnu Beach, Yavansu Beach, İçmeler (Spa) Bay in Dilek Peninsula, Aydınlık Bay, Kavaklıburun Bay and Karasu Bay Beaches are touristicaly important spots.,
The Areas In The Scope of Pasture Law
In Aydın Province the total area of meadow and pasture lands is 24.705 he, which share 3% of the total province area. It can be easily seen that the ratio of meadow and pasture lands of the province where animal husbandry, another branch of agricultural activities, is also actively practiced, is quite insufficient. Therefore livestock in farms are raised more widely. The total area of the study basin is 120.041 he and 65.305 he of this area are used for farming. The 2.743 he area was projected previously. And at the site other types of the lands are reef (464 he), residential areas (460 he), deposit collected land (1082 he), swamp (2992 he), degraded coppice (20.485 he), coniferous coppice (9.030 he), oak coppice (7.3791 he), individual wood land (1.933 he), pasture (10.265 he), afforested land (1.198 he), clearing area (6.231 he).
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On the other hand, during the works to be performed if any cultural asset is encountered in the mentioned project area, within the scope of the Law on Protection of Cultural and Natural Assets No. 2863, the works will be stopped and the closest Civilian Authority or Directorate of a Museum will be notified.
IV.2.12. Flora and Fauna (species, endemic especially local endemic plant species, the species that are taken under protection with the national and international legislation, rare and endangered species and their existing locations in the area, their distributions in the region, endemism status, their abundance status, names and population of the game animals and the Central Hunting Commission Decisions taken for them. By whom, when and with which method(literature, observation etc.) were the species detected, Collins Bird Guide, The Book of Important Bird Areas in Turkey, The Book of Important Nature Areas in Turkey, Decisions of the Central Hunting Commission, The situation of the species with respect to international agreements like IUCN, Bern Convention, CITES, how much will the species be effected from the project, the demonstration of the vegetation types in the project area on a map. The protection measures that need to be taken for the livings, which might be effected by the project and works. Performing the site flora surveys during the vegetation period and defining this period, for the flora checks by using the Turkish Plants Data Service, (for determining the fauna and flora species two senior biologist should join the field surveys and the surveys should be verified with literature works).
The fauna and flora studies of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report of The “Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project” of Burç Real Estate Investment and Construction Inc. that is planned in Aydın Province, Germencik and Incirliova Districts was prepared by Biologist Dr. Elif Manav Tüfekçi.
Flora
During the preparation of flora list of EIA report of the Project, land surveys performed in the region and the corresponding literature has been used. The list of the flora of the area has been collected by using the literature called ‘Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands’. In addition, floristic list has been modified by taking advantage of the floristic studies performed on closely related areas, which display similar ecological properties. Prospective flowered (angiospermae) species in the project area are given in Table IV.2.12.1. In this table; the first column lists the primarily family, genus and species of plants; the second column lists the Turkish name of the plant (Turkish names of plants were taken from the book named ‘Türkçe Bitki Adları’ by Turhan Baytop), the third column lists the habitat where the plant was identified, the fourth column indicates its endemism and scarcity, the fifth column presents the phytogeographic region if known and lastly the sixth column states threat categories of plant species (Threat categories prepared by Ekim and coworkers based on the criteria determined by IUCN and ‘Red Data Book of Turkish Plants ’ published by Turkish Association for the Conservation of Nature (TACN) were used).
Moreover, TPDS (Turkey’s Plants Data Service) screening and evaluation has been performed for each flora type. The project area is located on the C1 Square according to grid square system (Figure IV.2.12.1).
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Figure IV.2.12.1. Location Of The Project Area according To Grid Square System
Our country is under the effect of various climates because of its geographic location. The north hillsides of Northern Anatolia and Istranca Mountains Zone, especially on the hillsides facing Blacksea, oceanic climate dominates; in the Aegean and Mediterranean Region, Mediterranean climate dominates; in central, eastern, and southeastern Anatolia, continental climate dominates. Thus, north of Anatolia and Thrace have a humidmild climate located on the east of oceans and on the West of continents. Aegean and Mediterranean have subtropical climate; central and eastern regions of Anatolia have continental climates, which are dominating interior parts of continents. Cold climate conditions that are influential in further northern latitudes are observed in high mountainous areas. For this reason, the presence of different areas and phytogeographic regions (Figure IV.2.12.2) with respect to vegetation is a result of natural conditions.
AV.-SİB. AKD. AV.-SİB.
İR.-TUR. İR.-TUR.
AKD.
AKD.
Figure IV.2.12.2. Phytogeographic Regions of Turkey And Anatolian Diagonal (EUR.SİB.: EuroSiberian Phytogeographic Region, Mes.: Mediterranean Phytogeographic Region, IR.TUR.: IranoTuranian Phytogeographic Region)
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With a general view, the north of Turkey is included as a whole within the Euro Siberian Phytogeographic Region. In the North, east Blacksea region is placed in the Colchic Phytogeographic Subregion starting from the east of Ordu Province whereas the west parts are placed within Auxin Phytogeographic Subregion. North coasts of the Marmara Sea together with Aegean and Mediterranean regions form East Mediterranean Phytogeographic Region. Central and Eastern Anatolia regions as well as steppe fields of South Eastern Anatolia are all included in TuranianAsia minor or so called IranoTuranian Phytogeographic Region. Briefly, Turkey is a region where EuropeanSiberia, Mediterranean and IranoTuranian phytogeographic regions are found together.
Nevertheless, altitude and aspect conditions in Turkey make it difficult clearcut separation of these floristic regions. Yet there are dry forests in the South facing slopes and xerophytic shrubs in valleys and depressions within the Auxin floristic part. Similarly, as is the case in Nur (Amanos) Mountains in Mediterranean region, plant communities consisting of Auxin elements and formations made up of herb, shrub tree communities in pyhsionomic appearance. Thus, there are different flora particles sheltering at local areas and sustaining their life in appropriate conditions.
The project area is located in Mediterranean Phytogeographic Region. A vegetation cover composed of xereophytic, evergreen, leafy trees and scrubs that create Mediterranean vegetation. Borders of Mediterranean Phytogeographic Region can not be drawn as clearly and precisely as EuroSiberian (Blacksea) Phytogeographic Region. The most important reason of this is that flora regions may enter each other’s borders.
Mediterranean Phytogeographic Region starts from Gelibolu Peninsula in the southern Thrace. The main and widespread range is in the western and southern coastal areas, covering Amanos Mountains in the east. Apart from this general range, its elements are observed from place to place throughout the Blacksea region in the form of small pieces. Since this discontinuous distribution of Mediterranean flora along the Black Sea is different from maquis, which is the real Mediterranean vegetation in terms of many traits, it is called as Black Sea maquis.
Vegetation
Mediterranean region is classified into three groups; Mediterranean Subregion where Mediterranean climate dominates in the vertical direction due to its high topography, Mediterranean Mountain Subregion where mountain forests are found, High Mountain Grasslands where herbaceous plants are grown.
Depending on the hot and dry summers, Mediterranean vegetation has a xerophytic character. For this reason thick and shinyleaved, evergreen shrub communities with a high need of light and temperature and coniferous forests are common in Mediterranean sub region.
a Mediterranean subregion: It covers the Taurus mountain slopes with an average height of 1000 m where the Turkish Pine (Pinus brutia) are located, which is the climax forest of Mediterranean climate region. Vegetation period is above 260 days on coastal zone. In some years, vegetation period continues uninterruptedly.
Depending on ecologic conditions, typical Mediterranean plant communities, of which temperature and light request is high and resistant to dryness, are found in Mediterranean subdivision. Yet depending on destruction and rainfall conditions, changes are seen in the distribution of vegetation. Main plant communities of Mediterranean subdivision are as the following:
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Maquis Vegetation:
Maquis on the lower zone of the Mediterranean region is quite different from those of Aegean and Marmora in terms of species and communities it creates. As a result of the destruction of maquis, very little garrigue are encountered to settle in Mediterranean sub division. This condition is related with the fact that Mediterranean region is more humid, it is richer in terms of relative humidity especially during the summer period.
Garrigue (Frigana) Vegetation:
It is found in the arid, poor in terms of soil, stony areas especially in Mut basin, between Silifke and Taşucu, in the north of Tarsus, around Kozan, and Anamur from place to place. It goes up to 500600 m along the slopes of Taurus Mountains overlooking the Mediterranean Sea.
Turkish Pine (Pinus brutia) Forests:
The most productive and common Turkish pine forests are in the Mediterranean sub division. Turkish pine forests here are different from Aegean subdivision in that it reaches up to 1000 m on the south facing slopes of the Taurus Mountains. Turkish pine makes mixed forests also on the lower levels of forests of the Mediterranean mountain zone. Different species of maquis are found on the shrub floor of Turkish pine forests capable of reaching up to 1500 m along Taurus Mountains. The project area is placed ecologically within the Mediterranean Subregion
b Mediterranean Mountain Subregion:
Pure and mixed forests of black pine, cedar, and fir are common on the parts of Taurus Mountains overlooking the Mediterranean Sea between 10002000m. In addition, oak forests capable of reaching 1500 m are placed between Mediterranean lower zone and Mediterranean mountain zone.
c Mediterranean Mountain Grassland Subregion: This section is composed of mountain grasslands and steppe grass species above the limit of treeline located above 2000 m in Taurus Mountains. Here, the grass density increases depending on the presence of soils in the interior of dolines. In the areas exceeding 3000 m semialpine grasslands become widespread, while on the lower levels herbaceous species belonging to the steppes of Central Anatolia become widespread. Taxa that may be found with a high probability in the project area and its surroundings due to their habitat features are given in Table IV.2.12.1.
The map illustrating vegetation types within the project area and its around are presented in App 7.
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Table IV.2.12.1. Plant Species That May Be Found With A High Probability In The Project Area And Its Surroundings Due To Their Habitat Feature And Their Turkish Names, Pyhtogeographical Regions, Endemism Status, IUCN Red Data Book Categories And Habitats
IUCN İtem Pyhtogeographic Red Data Family and Species Name Turkish Name Endemism Habitat Number Region Book Category LAMIACEAE Scutellaria orientalis L. subsp. pinnatifida 1 Steppe, dry slopes EDMONDSON St. Johns Wort Road sides, chalky coastal line, steppe, eroded 2 Marrubium vulgare L. Mayasıl otu hills Valerian Limestone and volcanic slopes, dry stream 3 Nepeta italica L. Kedi otu beds Marjoram Stony hills and rocky slopes, generally 4 Origanum onites L. Mercanköşk E. Med. Ele. limestone, sometimes sahady spots Micromeria myrtifolia BOISS. ET Lamiaceae Rocky slopes and fissures, Pinus brutia forest 5 Taş nanesi E. Med. Ele. HOHEN. open spaces, maquis, frigana Annual Clary Rocky slopes, maquis, frigana, sand sunes, 6 Salvia viridis L. Adaçayı Med. Ele. croplands and arid areas Annual Clary Pinus brutia and Pinus nigra mixed forests, 7 Salvia tomentosa MILLER Adaçayı Med. Ele. maquis, limestone slopes EUPHORBİACEAE Petty spurge, Sand dune coasts, pebble beaches, sandy lake 8 Euphorbia peplis L. Sütleğen Med. Ele. Radium plant coasts Petty spurge, Rocky hill slopes, gravels, gravelly plain, salty 9 Euphorbia chamaesyce L. Sütleğen Radium plant and sandy soils PAPAVERACEAE Glaucium iculatum (L.) RUD. subsp. Glaucim 10 Boynuzlu gelincik Hill slopes corniculatum (L.) RUD. corniculatum 11 Roemeria hybrida L. Cin haşhaşı Oriental Poppy Degraded area, cropland, vineyards 12 Papaver hybridum L. Gelincik Opium poppy Crop land ASCLEPIADACEAE Vincetoxicum canescens (WILLD.) 13 DECNE. subsp. canescens (WILLD.) Limestone slopes DECNE PRIMULACEAE Limestone or volcanic rocks and mobile cliffs, 14 Androsace maxima L. gravelly sand or clayed steppe 15 Lysimachia atropurpurea L. E. Med. Ele. Maquis, open rocky areas, prairie, road sides ANACARDIACEAE 16 Pistacia leutiscus L. Menengiç Mastic Tree Med. Ele. Maquis 17 Pistacia atlantica DESF. Menengiç Mastic Tree Dry hill sides, croplans and road sides LINACEAE Pale Flax Grasslands, mixed sand dunes, ditch, rocky hill 18 Linum bienne MILLER Yabani keten Med. Ele. sides 19 Linum trigynum L. Yabani keten Pale Flax Med. Ele. Shrubs and open grasslands
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IUCN İtem Pyhtogeographic Red Data Family and Species Name Turkish Name Endemism Habitat Number Region Book Category BRASSICACEAE Lepidium sativum L. subsp. spinescens 20 Bare lands (DC.) THEL. 21 Lepidium sativum L. Bare lands, croplands 22 Iberis attica JORD. E. Med. Ele. Rocky slopes 23 Iberis acutiloba BERTOL. Rocky slopes, cropland sides Erophila verna (L.) CHEVALL. subsp. 24 Slopes verna (L.) CHEVALL. 25 Arabis turrita L. Mountain 26 Hesperis pendula DC. Gece menekşesi Not found Cropland, cliffs, limestone 27 Sisymbrium officinale (L.) SCOP. Road sides, bare area, cropland 28 Sisymbrium orientale L. Road sides, bare area RESEDACEAE Saffron Road sides, crop sides, pits, bare stony hill 29 Reseda lutea L. var. lutea L. Safran slopes ARACEAE Arisarum vulgare TARG.TOZZ. subsp. Dragon Arum Rocky hill foots, limestone and metamorphic 30 Yılan yastığı Med. Ele. vulgare TARG.TOZZ. rocks, maquis shrubland of Quercus coccifera Voodoo lily, 31 Dracunculus vulgaris SCHOTT Yılan bıçağı dragoneta or E. Med. Ele. Cropland edges, ruines, destroyed habitats dragon arum RUBIACEAE Galium incanum SM. subsp. centrale Woodruff, galium 32 Yoğurt otu E. Med. Ele. Limestone rocks,slopes EHREND. album Galium incanum SM. subsp. elatius Woodruff, galium Steppe hills, forest open spaces, talus, rocky 33 Yoğurt otu İr.Tur. Ele. (BOISS.) EHREND. album slopes APIACEAE Sow thistle, milk Shrubbery plains, firigana, fallowed croplands, 34 Eryngium creticum LAM. Boğa dikeni E. Med. Ele. thistle arid places Eryngium campestre L. var. campestre Forest open spaces, stony hillsides, destroyed 35 (L.) HUDSON steppe, fallow croplands, sand dunes Shepherd’s Limestone slopes, steppe, oak and juniperus 36 Scandix iberica BIEB. Kişkiş needle shrubberies, grassy slopes, plantations Shepherd’s Granite, serpantine or limestone slopes, steppe, 37 Scandix australis L. Kişkiş needle cropland and roadsides 38 Smyrnium rotundifolium MILLER Baldıran Hemlock E. Med. Ele. Dry coasts, open habitats 39 Bunium ferulaceum SM. İncirop Pinus nigra forest, croplands, steppe 40 Pimpinella peregrina L. Ezeltere Fields, woodlands, rocky places 41 Bupleurum intermedium POIRET Sparse dry areas 42 Bupleurum flavum FORSSK. E. Med. Ele. Firigana, step and dry, open natural areas 43 Ferulago asparagifolia BOISS. Kuzu kişnişi Fresh coriander E. Med. Ele. Rocky slopes Rocky hill sides, sparesly distrubuted 44 Tordylium apulum L. Med. Ele. croplands, road sides
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IUCN İtem Pyhtogeographic Red Data Family and Species Name Turkish Name Endemism Habitat Number Region Book Category GUTTIFERAE/HYPERICACEAE 45 Hypericum lydium BOISS. Binbirdelik otu Clammath weed Rocky slopes, Pinus forests ROSACEAE Cerasus prostrata (LAB.) SER. var. 46 Rocky places prostrata (LAB.) SER. Dewberry Sparsely distributed shrubs, rocky places, river 47 Rubus sanctus SCHREBER Böğürtlen sides,stable sand dunes, coastal plains, arid coasts Silverweed Grasslands, highland pastures, wet and shady 48 Potentilla recta L. Beşparmak otu places Sanguisorba minor SCOP. subsp. salad burnet, 49 Çayır düğmesi Arid areas, croplands, slopes magnolii (SPACH) BRIQ. small burnet Wild rose, brier 50 Rosa foetida J. HERRM. Yabani gül İr.Tur. Ele. Cultivated areas, road sides, slopes and fields rose VALERIANACEAE 51 Valerianella echinata (L.) DC. Med. Ele. Rocky places Rocky slopes, forest open spaces, croplands, 52 Valerianella coronata (L.) DC. road sides DIPSACACEAE 53 Scabiosa sicula L. Uyuz otu Scabiosa Med. Ele. Hills, woodland open spaces ASTERACEAE 54 Inula salicina L. Water front, wet area, between bushes 55 Inula heterolepis BOISS. E. Med. Ele. Limestone rocks,cliffs, gravel banks 56 Pulicaria odora (L.) REICHB. Med. Ele. Between bushes and Pinus brutia Solidago Pinus nigra forest open spaces, pits having wet 57 Helichrysum graveolens (BIEB.) SWEET Altınbaşak soils in highlands Forest open spaces, fallowes croplands, road 58 Filago eriocephala GUSS. E. Med. Ele. sides Senecio, Sand dunes and bare areas, croplands, rocky 59 Senecio vernalis WALDST. ET KIT. Kanarya otu groundsell slopes Anthemis aciphylla BOISS. var. aciphylla Daisy Between Quercus, Pinus, Juniperus species, 60 Papatya E. Med. Ele. BOISS. subalpine bushes Anthemis coelopoda BOISS. var. Daisy 61 Papatya Steppe, croplands, road sides bourgaei BOISS. Milfoil Steppe, volcanic slopes, sandy soils, wheat 62 Achillea coarctata POIR. Civanperçemi cropland 63 Centaurea calolepis BOISS. Peygamber çiçeği White knapweed E. Med. Ele. Endemik LR (Ic) Curved hills, croplands, road sides Southern Rocky slopes in steppes, garic, riverbeds, 64 Echinops ritro L. Topuz globethistle fallowed croplands 65 Picris pauciflora WILLD. Sandy slopes, magmatic rocky slopes Scorzonera laciniata L. subsp. laciniata Willow herb 66 Yemlik Sandy steppes, croplands L. 67 Tragopogon longirostis BISCH. EX Tekesakalı Aruncus, Salsify Rocky slopes, bushland, road sides, croplands
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IUCN İtem Pyhtogeographic Red Data Family and Species Name Turkish Name Endemism Habitat Number Region Book Category SCHULTZ BIP. var. longirostis BISCH. EX SCHULTES POACEAE Woodlands in mountains, shaly abondoned 68 Elymus panormitanus (PARL.) TZVELEV Med. Ele. areas in mountains Steppes, open grasslands on basalt, 69 Aegilops triuncialis L. subsp. triuncialis L. uncultivated areas, calcarous slopes Aegilops umbellulata ZHUKOVSKY Generally in calcareus soils, steppes and open 70 E. Med. Ele. subsp. umbellulata ZHUKOVSKY spaces in quercus bushes Bromus hordeaceus L. subsp. 71 Croplands and roadsides hordeaceus L. Lolium persicum BOISS. ET HOHEN. EX Ryegrass Open grasslands on basalt, firigana, maize and 72 Delice İr. Tur. Ele. BOISS. barley croplands, road sides Vulpia fasciculata (FORSSKAL) 73 Med. Ele. Sand dunes on sea coast FRITSCH 74 Vulpia muralis (KUNTH) NEES Med. Ele. Croplands, road sides, rugged terrain Poa diversifolia (BOISS. ET BAL.) Woodlands, on limestones, grasslands, grassy 75 E. Med. Ele. HACKEL EX. BOISS. lands Steppes, dry grasslands, rocky slopes, maquis, 76 Poa bulbosa L. firigana, steep slopes 77 Poa nemoralis L. Woodlands, grasslands and rocky places Pinus and querqus woodlands, rocky slopes, 78 Briza humilis BIEB. fallowed croplands, on limestones Pinus brutia forest open spaces, firigana, 79 Briza maxima L. limestone rocky slopes, sand dunes, woodlands Stipa bromoid Bushland open spaces, stony areas, on 80 Stipa bromoides (L.) DÖRFLER Palak Med. Ele. limestones 81 Stipa holosericea TRIN. Palak Stipa bromoid Steppe, dry places and rocky mountain slopes BORAGINACEAE Boraginaceae Clayed, sandy and gravelly soils, Artemisia 82 Onosma armenum DC. Emzik otu Endemik LR (Ic) steppes, stony woodlands 83 Onosma heterophyllum GRISEB. Emzik otu Boraginaceae Pastures, stony woodlands CRASSULACEAE 84 Sedum caespitosum (CAV.) DC. Damkoruğu Stonecrop, orpine Open areas 85 Sedum hispanicum L. var. hispanicum L. Damkoruğu Mobile rocks, limestone rocks RANUNCULACEAE Nigella arvensis L. var. involucrata Black cumin, 86 Çörek otu Croplands, slopes, firigana BOISS. nigella Delphinium, 87 Consolida orientalis (GAY) SCHROD. Hezaren Cultivated lands, fallowed graslands lakspur 88 Adonis flammea JACQ. Kanavcı otu Adonis Croplands, stepe, rocks Butterflower, 89 Ranunculus paludosus POIRET Düğün çiçeği Arid area Goldcup
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IUCN İtem Pyhtogeographic Red Data Family and Species Name Turkish Name Endemism Habitat Number Region Book Category Butterflower, 90 Ranunculus sprunerianus BOISS. Düğün çiçeği E. Med. Ele. Coast, talus, forest, on walls Goldcup Ranunculus marginatus D´URV. var. Butterflower, Humid areas, fallowed croplands, grasslands, 91 Düğün çiçeği trachycarpus (FISCH. ET MEY.) AZN. Goldcup depression Butterflower, 92 Ranunculus rumelicus GRISEB. Düğün çiçeği E. Med. Ele. Slopes, road sides Goldcup Butterflower, Humid fallowed croplands, grassland slopes, 93 Ranunculus chius DC. Düğün çiçeği Goldcup woodlands, bushland CISTACEAE Fumana thymifolia (L.) VERLOT var. Calcareus hills, maquis, garic, sandy pine 94 Med. Ele. viridis (TEN.) BOISS. forests CARYOPHYLLACEAE Minuartia juniperina (L.) MARIE ET 95 Rocky areas PETITM. Minuartia hybrida (VILL.) SCHISCHK. 96 Croplands and stony slopes subsp. hybrida (VILL.) SCHISCHK. Cerastium dichotomum L. subsp. 97 Slopes, vineyards, cultivated areas dichotomum L. 98 Cerastium glomeratum THUILL. Croplands, slopes, orchards Carnation Rocky places, stony grasslands, maize 99 Dianthus anatolicus BOISS. Karanfil croplands, bushlands, maquis 100 Velezia rigida L. Stony places, open areas 101 Silene chlorifolia SM. Yapışkan otu Woodruff İr.Tur. Ele. Slopes, hillsides, gravels 102 Silene subconica FRIV. Yapışkan otu Woodruff Steppe, road side 103 Silene colorata POIRET Yapışkan otu Woodruff Coasts, croplands, rocky slopes, sand dunes 104 Silene tenuiflora GUSS. Yapışkan otu Woodruff E. Med. Ele. Steppe, road side PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago coronopus L. subsp. coronopus Plantain Sea and lake sides, sandy places, grasslands, 105 Sinirotu Avr.Sib. Ele. L. rocky limestone slopes, croplands, maquis Plantago coronopus L. subsp. Plantain Sea sides, sandy beaches, grasslands, stony 106 Sinirotu E. Med. Ele. commutata (GUSS.) PILGER slopes, arid areas, summer shores, maquis URTICACEAE 107 Urtica dioica L. Isırganotu Nettle Avr.Sib. Ele. Forests, shady valleys and rocks, waterfront LILIACEAE Wild asparagus Pine woodlands, maquis, degraded areas, 108 Asparagus acutifolius L. Tilkişen Med. Ele. coasts, roadsides White garlic Maquis, frigana, rocky shades, woodlands, 109 Allium neapolitanum CYR. Köpek soğanı Med. Ele. ruins Rosy Garlic Maquis, calcareus gravel, stony places, Pinus 110 Allium roseum L. Köpek soğanı Med. Ele. and Abies forests, grasslands, marshes 111 Scilla hyacinthoides L. Dağ soğanı Hyacinth Squill Med. Ele. Wet woodlands, grassy slopes, calcareus hills Volcanic and calcareus slopes, hill 112 Ornithogalum sphaerocarpum KERNER Akyıldız sides,frigana, pastures
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IUCN İtem Pyhtogeographic Red Data Family and Species Name Turkish Name Endemism Habitat Number Region Book Category 113 Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Akyıldız Pastures, wet grasslands, woodlands SCROPHULARIACEAE Mullein, flannel Pinus forests, Quercus bushes, fallowed 114 Verbascum parviflorum LAM. Sığırkuyruğu E. Med. Ele. leaf croplands Sparse maquis, rocky and stony areas, fallowed 115 Linaria simplex (WILLD.) DC. croplands Figworth, Limestone and sepentine cliffs, rocky slopes, 116 Scrophularia lucida L. Sıraca otu Cocklebur gravel and dried river beds VIOLACEAE 117 Viola parvula TINEO Menekşe Violet Talus 118 Viola kitaibeliana ROEM. ET SCHULT. Menekşe Violet Stony slopes, talus, maquis, coasts POLYGONACEAE 119 Polygonum arenastrum BOR. Çoban değneği Shepherd’s crook Road sides, arid areas, slopes 120 Polygonum pulchellum LOIS. Çoban değneği Shepherd’s crook Cultivated ares, open and wet areas S. lanata, 121 Rumex patientia L. Kuzu kulağı Slopes, croplands, road sides Shepherd’s crook RHAMNACEAE 122 Rhamnus alaternus L. Med. Ele. Hill sides OLEACEAE Jasmine Dry rocky places in maquis, Pinus brutia 123 Jasminum fruticans L. Yasemin Med. Ele. forests, oak bushes, pasture sides 124 Olea europaea L. var. europaea L. Zeytin Olive Cultivated Prie, Deciduous forests, mixed forests, sparse 125 Ligustrum vulgare L. Kurtbağrı bushes, wet places PINACEAE Calabrian pine, 126 Pinus brutia TEN Kızılçam E. Med. Ele. Forest Turkish pine FAGACEAE 127 Quercus aucheri JAUB. ET SPACH Boz Pırnal E. Med. Ele. Limestone slopes in maquis 128 Quercus coccifera L. Kermes Meşesi Cermes oak Med. Ele. Frigana and maquis, Pinus brutia forest MORACEAE Ficus carica L. subsp. carica (ALL.) Fig Open areas, mixed forests, stony slopes, 129 İncir SCHINZ ET THELL. valleys, rock pits APOCYNACEAE Oleander, 130 Nerium oleander L. Zakkum Med. Ele. Stream side and seasonally dried water beds rosebay FABACEAE 131 Genista anatolica BOISS. Katırtırnağı Besom, spartium E. Med. Ele. Pine woodlands and uncultivated areas 132 Spartium junceum L. Katırtırnağı Besom, spartium Med. Ele. Maquis 133 Ononis reclinata L. Kayışkıran Restharrow Med. Ele. Stony slopes, limestıne rocks, sea sand Ononis spinosa L. subsp. leiosperma Restharrow 134 Kayışkıran Stony slopes, vineyards, cultivated areas (BOISS.) SIRJ. 135 Trigonella velutina BOISS. Boy otu İr.Tur. Ele. Limestone rocks, rocky slopes, stepe, vineyards
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IUCN İtem Pyhtogeographic Red Data Family and Species Name Turkish Name Endemism Habitat Number Region Book Category Trigonella spruneriana BOISS. var. Rocky slopes, maquis, pine forests, stepe, 136 Boy otu İr.Tur. Ele. spruneriana BOISS. fallowed croplands Lucerne, alfalfa, Steppe, rocks and grassy slopes, dense oak 137 Medicago sativa L. subsp. sativa L. Çevrince common purple bushes lucerne Lucerne, alfalfa, Rocky limestone slopes, stony plains, Pinus 138 Medicago coronata (L.) BART. Çevrince common purple Med. Ele. brutia forests, maquis, arid lands lucerne Calcareus slopes and cliffs, dry hills, maquis, 139 Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) SER. Med. Ele. Pinus brutia forests 140 Coronilla scorpioides (L.) KOCH Körigen Annual scorpion Cultivated and degraded areas Annual scorpion Stony areas and deciduous woodlands and 141 Coronilla varia L. subsp. varia L. Körigen bushes, cultivated lands ORCHİDACEAE Orchis Grassy hills,frigana, maquis,Quercus bushes 142 Ophrys mammosa DESF. Salep otu E. Med. Ele. and forests, Pinus forests Ophrys reinholdii SPRUNER EX Orchis Calcareus slopes, frigana, maquis, Quercus 143 FLEISCHM. subsp. reinholdii SPRUNER Salep otu E. Med. Ele. bushes, Pinus forests EX FLEISCHM. Ophrys holoserica (BURM. FIL.) Orchis Calcareus rocky slopes, frigana, maquis, 144 GREUTER subsp. holoserica (BURNM. Salep otu Med. Ele. Quercus forests, Pinus forests FIL.) GREUTER 145 Orchis sancta L. Salep otu Orchis E. Med. Ele. Grassy places, calcareus soils 146 Orchis tridentata SCOP. Salep otu Orchis Med. Ele. Grassy places, maquis, bushland 147 Orchis italica POIRET Salep otu Orchis Med. Ele. Grassy places, maquis, 148 Orchis anatolica BOISS. Salep otu Orchis E. Med. Ele. Maquis, bushland and Pinus forests 149 Orchis provincialis BALBIS EX DC. Salep otu Orchis Med. Ele. Pinus forests, grassy places, bushlands Dactylorhiza romana (SEB.) SOO subsp. Orchis Calcareus slopes, maquis and Quercus bushes, 150 Salep otu Med. Ele. romana (SEB.) SOO mixed and conifer forests
(*) Plant names are taken from according to “Turkish Plant Names Dictionary” (Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü; Baytop T., 1994, TDK, Ankara). However, some species do nor have any Turkish name or local name. For that reason, scientific name of these plant species were used.
: Observation : Literature
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Various abbreviations have been used in the specification of phytogeographic regions belonging to taxa that may be found with a high probability in the project area and its surroundings due to their habitat features According to this, D. Med. Ele means East Mediterranean element, Med. Ele means Mediterranean element, Ir.Tur. Ele means IranoTuranian element and Avr.Sib. Ele means EuropeanSiberia element. Those with wide distribution or those of which phytogeographic region is not known fully are indicated by () symbol.
Phytogeographic distribution of 23 plant taxa given on the species and subspecies level in the flora list is as the following: Mediterranean element 5, IranoTuranian element 1 and East Mediterranean is 3. The remaining 14 species are placed within cosmopolite or ambiguous category in terms of phytogeographical region. Spectrum of the determined plants on family level and the spectrum belonging to plant families are presented in Figure IV.2.12.3 and Figure IV.2.12.4, respectively.
Mediterranean Element, 22,00, 22%
Phytogeographic Akdeniz Region Elementi Ambiguous, 54,00, 54% Doğu Akdeniz Elementi
İran-Turan East Elementi Mediterranean Element; Avrupa- 18,67; 19% Sibirya Elementi Fitocoğrafik Iran-Turan Bölgesi Europe-Sibarian Element, 4,00, 4% Belirsizler Element, 1,33, 1%
Figure IV.2.12.3. Phytogeographical Region Spectrum of The Plants Existing in The Flora List and Being in Species and SubSpecies Categories
Figure IV.2.12.4. The Spectrum of The Families in the Flora List
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Since turkey is a country located on the intercontinental transition zone, it is rich regarding endemic plants. Endemic plants consist of approximately 30% of total plant species discovered in our country.
IUCN Red Data Book categories used in the publication of Red Data Book of Turkish Plants prepared by Ekim and coworkers for the endemic plant species are explained below.
EX : Extinct EW : Extinct in the Wild CR : Critically Endangered EN : Endangered VU : Vulnerable DD : Data deficient NE : Not Evaluated LR : Lower Risk; it has 3 sub category that can be arranged according to the their circumstances in future.
1) CD Conservation Dependent: Taxa which are the focus of a continuing taxonspecific or habitatspecific conservation programme targeted towards the taxon in question, the cessation of which would result in the taxon qualifying for one of the threatened categories above within a period of five years. 2) NT Near Threatened: Taxa which do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but which are close to qualifying for Vulnerable. 3) LC Least Concern: Taxa which do not qualify for Conservation Dependent or Near Threatened.
There isn’t any plant species that has to be protected according to the Appendix 1 of The Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats among the taxa found in the project area and its surroundings having a high probability due to habitat features.
The endemic species Centaurea calolepis BOISS. and Onosma armenum DC. are placed within LR category i.e. within the plant species that do not require any protection and not endangered. Distribution of these species in Turkey is presented below.
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Centaurea calolepis BOISS. Turkish Distribution
Onosma armenum DC. Turkish Distribution
Fauna
Amphibian, reptile, bird and mammalian species of fauna, which may be found in project area and its surroundings due to habitat features, are given below. Family, Turkish name, habitat, IUCN category and Red Data Book category of each species as well as in which list of Bern Convention including Appendix 2 (fauna species taken under protection conclusively) and Appendix 3 (protected fauna species) they are placed were reported. For the species not included in Bern Convention Appendix 2 and Appendix 3 and in IUCN, () symbol was designated.
In addition, AppendixI (wild animals in Appendix List I were taken under protection by the ministry), Appendix–II (animals which were stated as game animals by Ministry where birds and mammalians in the Appendix List II were taken under protection by Central Hunting Committee, CHC) and AppendixIII (animals which were stated as game animals by Ministry where hunting is permitted only in the hunting season of 20122013 determined by CHC) which came into force upon publication in Official Gazette by Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs dated June 7, 2012 and numbered 28316, were indicated in the relevant tables.
Hunting, keeping dead or alive and transporting of the game animals under protection is prohibited.
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Red Data Book Categories According to Prof. Dr. Ali Demirsoy (1996)
As far as it is known or observed in Turkey, status of each species or subspecies in terms of environmental evaluation were given as recommended by Wells et al. (1983) and in a manner more or less to match the category symbols used in IUCN Red Data Book. Yet fulfilment of this evaluation according to the regions will be more realistic since there are considerable differences between the regions in terms of environmental pollution and deterioration. When evaluating in this context, the abbreviations given in Table IV.2.12.2 are used. These symbols are not used in the same manner in every country.
Table IV.2.12.2. Red Data Book categories determined by Prof. Dr. Ali Demirsoy (1996)
Abbreviations Meaning E Endangered Ex Extinct I Indeterminate K Insufficient known nt Not threatened O Out of danger R Rare V Vulnerable
Bern Convention
Signed in Bern on September 19, 1979, Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats was published in Official Newspaper of Republic of Turkey with the date of 20.02.1984 and issue no 18318 with the consent of the decision of the council of ministers with the date of 09.01.1984 and issue no 847601.
The aims of this Convention are to conserve wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats, especially those species and habitats whose conservation requires the cooperation of several States, and to promote such cooperation
This convention was signed for;
Recognising that wild flora and fauna constitute a natural heritage of aesthetic, scientific, cultural, recreational, economic and intrinsic value that needs to be preserved and handed on to future generations,
Recognising the essential role played by wild flora and fauna in maintaining biological balances,
Noting that numerous species of wild flora and fauna are being seriously depleted and that some of them are threatened with extinction,
Recognising that the conservation of wild flora and fauna should be taken into consideration by the governments in their national goals and programmes, and that international cooperation should be established to protect migratory species in particular.
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IUCN Red List Categories
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. IUCN Red List is managed by International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
The IUCN Red List is set by using precise criteria by evaluating the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the World. The aim is to convey the urgency of conservation issues to the public and policy makers, as well as to help the international community to reduce species extinction. IUCN, created by a strong scientific background, is regarded as the most authoritative guide on the status of biodiversity.
The IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria are designed to be an easily and widely understood system for classifying species at high risk of global extinction. The aim of this system is to provide an explicit, objective framework for the classification of the broadest range of species according to their extinction risk. However, while the Red List may focus attention on those species at the highest risk, it is not the sole means of setting priorities for conservation measures for their protection.
Extensive consultation and testing in the development of the system strongly suggests that it is robust across most organisms. However, it should be noted that although the system places species into the threatened categories with a high degree of consistency, the criteria do not take into account the life histories of every species. Hence, in certain individual cases, the risk of extinction may be under or overestimated.
Before 1994 the more subjective threatened species categories used in IUCN Red Data Books and Red Lists had been in place, with some modification, for almost 30 years. Although the need to revise the categories had long been recognised, the current phase of development only began in 1989 following a request from the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) Steering Committee to develop a more objective approach. The IUCN Council adopted the new Red List system in 1994.
Aim of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria:
to provide a system that can be applied consistently by different people;
to improve objectivity by providing users with clear guidance on how to evaluate different factors which affect the risk of extinction;
to provide a system which will facilitate comparisons across widely different species;
to give people using threatened species lists a better understanding of how individual species were classified.
Categories were classified in 10 groups. In this classification, depletion rate, population size, geographic distribution fields, the extent of population and distribution criteria were considered.
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Table IV.2.12.3. IUCN Categories and Meanings
Evaluated Not Evaluated (NE) Adequate data Data Deficient (DD) Extinct (EX) Species is completely extinct Extinct in the Wild (EW) Critically Endangered (CR) Endangered (EN) Vulnerable (VU) Will be extinct if no conservation means are taken Near Threatened (NT) Least Concern (LC)
Figure IV.2.12.5. Relationship between IUCN Categories
Amphibians
Amphibian species found and likely to be found within the Project area and its surroundings are given in Table IV.2.12.4.
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Table IV.2.12.4. Amphibian Species That May Be Found With A High Probability In The Project Area And Its Surroundings Due To Their Habitat Feature And Their Conservation Status
Family and Species English Name Red Data IUCN Red Turkish Name Bern Habitat Name Book List PELOBATİDAE Eastern Under the stones and inside the ᴥ Pelobates syriacus Toprak Kurbağası II nt LC spadefoot soil HYLİDAE European tree ᴕ Hyla arborea Yaprak kurbağası II nt LC Over the trees and bushes frog BUFONİDAE Bactachian, Under the stones and inside the ᴥ Bufo bufo Kara Kurbağası III nt LC salientian soil Bufo viridis Under the stones and inside the ᴕ Bufo viridis Gece Kurbağası II nt LC soil
Literature: Demirsoy, A., 1996, Vertebra of Turkey: Amphibians (Türkiye Omurgalıları “Amfibiler”) Ministry of Environment, General Directorate of Environment Protection, Project No: 90K100090. Ankara.
Literature: Baran, İ., 2008, Amphibians and Reptilians (Türkiye Amfibi ve Sürüngenleri), TÜBİTAK Popüler Bilim Kitapları, Ankara
ᴥ: Observation ᴕ: Literature
Out of 4 amphibian species found and likely to be found within the Project area and its surroundings due to habitat features, 3 species are placed in Bern Appendix 2 List and 1 species are placed in Bern Appendix 3 List.
All amphibian species are placed in LC (Least Concern) category of IUCN Red List, and they are abundant and common in Turkey, being not under threat according to the studies carried out by Demirsoy (1996).
Reptiles
Reptile species found and likely to be found within the Project area and its surroundings are given in Table IV.2.12.5
Table IV.2.12.5. Reptile Species That May Be Found With A High Probability In The Project Area And Its Surroundings Due To Their Habitat Feature And Their Conservation Status
English Red IUCN Family and Species Name Turkish Name Name Bern Data Red AKK (*) Habitat Book List TESTUDINIDAE Tortoise Sandy, gravelly and ᴕ Testudo graeca Tosbağa II nt VU AppI dry areas GEKKONİDAE Mediterranean Houses and ruins, Genişparmaklı ᴕ Hemidactylus turcicus House Gecko III nt LC AppI rock fractures, under Keler stones AGAMIDAE Rough tail Stony and rocky ᴕ Agama stellio Dikenli keler II nt AppI rock ogama places SCINCIDAE European Under trees and ᴕ Ablepharus kitaibelii İnce Kertenkele II nt LC AppI copper skink stones mabuya Stony areas having ᴕ Mabuya (Trachylepis) aurata Tınaz Kertenkele III nt LC AppI poor plant cover ANGUINIDAE Oluklu European Stony areas having ᴥ Ophisaurus apodus II nt AppI Kertenkele legless lizard poor plant cover BOIDAE
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English Red IUCN Family and Species Name Turkish Name Name Bern Data Red AKK (*) Habitat Book List Eryx jakulus Sandy and stony ᴕ Eryx jaculus Mahmuzlu Yılan III nt AppI places in dry areas COLUBRIDAE Eirenis Stony areas having ᴕ Eirenis modestus Uysal Yılan III nt LC AppI modestus poor plant cover Great yellow Woodland, bushland gentian and stony areas, ᴕ Elaphe quatuorlineata Sarı yılan II nt NT AppI croplands and orchards Coluber Croplands, marshes ᴕ Coluber caspius Hazer Yılanı caspius III nt LC AppI and stony (Dolichophis schmidti) streamsides TYPHLOPIDAE Vebitine Underground and ᴥ Typhlops vermicularis Kör Yılan viper, III nt AppI under stones typhlops
Source: Demirsoy, A., 1997, Vertebra “Reptiles, Birds and Mammals (Sürüngenler, Kuşlar ve Memeliler)” Meteksan A.Ş., Ankara.
Source: Demirsoy, A., 1996, Vertebra of Turkey “Reptiles” (Türkiye Omurgalıları “Sürüngenler”), Ministry of Environment, General Directorate of Environment Protection, Project No: 90K100090. Ankara.
Source: Baran, İ., 2008, Amphibians and Reptilians (Türkiye Amfibi ve Sürüngenleri), TÜBİTAK Popüler Bilim Kitapları, Ankara
(*)=T.R. Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Nature Preservation and National Parks “Central Hunting Committee Decisions for 20122013 Hunting Season (20122013 Av Dönemi Merkez Av Komisyonu Kararları)”
ᴥ: Observation ᴕ: Literature
Out of 1 reptile species found within activity field and its surroundings and likely to be found due to habitat features, 5 species are placed in Bern Appendix 2 List and 6 species are placed in Bern Appendix 3 List
While 7 reptile species are placed in The IUCN Red List Categories, they are abundant and common in Turkey, being not under threatened according to the studies carried out by Demirsoy (1996). All of the reptile species are found AppendixI according to the latest lists of central hunting committee decisions of 20122013 hunting period which came into force upon publication by Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs in Official Gazette dated June 7, 2012 and numbered 28316.
Birds
The bird species found within the activity field and its surroundings and likely to be found due to habitat features are given in Table IV.2.12.6.
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Table IV.2.12.6. Bird species that may be found with a high probability in the project area and its surroundings due to their habitat feature and their conservation status
Species Red Data AKK Family and Species Name Turkish Name English Name Habitat Bern Status IUCN No Book (*) SYLVIDAE 1 ᴕ Sylvia hortensis Ötleğen Sylvia Woodland and heathland, orchards, plains II Y AppI LC ALAUDIDAE Sky lark Croplands, open areas, woodlands and 2 ᴕ Alauda arvensis Tarlakuşu III Y AppII LC mountains 3 ᴕ Melanocorypha leucoptera Akkanat Tarlakuşu White winged lark Settlements and croplands II G AppI LC HIRUNDINIDAE 4 ᴥ Hirundo rustica Kırlangıç Swallow, Martin Settlements II G AppI LC 5 ᴥ Delichon urbica (urbicum) Pencere kırlangıcı House martin Settlements and cliffs A.4 II G AppI LC PHASIANIDAE 6 ᴕ Alectoris graeca Taşkekliği Stony and rocky places A.2 III Y LC 7 ᴕ Coturnix coturnix Bıldırcın Quail Cultivated lands, grasslands and steppes A.4 III Y,G AppIII LC TURDIDAE 8 ᴕ Erithacus rubecula Kızılgerdan Robin redbreast Woodlands, parks and orchards II Y AppI LC 9 ᴕ Luscinia megarhynchos Bülbül Nightingale Woodlands, parks and gravelands A.3 II G AppI LC 10 ᴥ Turdus pilaris Ardıç Juniper Woodlands and grasslands III KZ AppII LC 11 ᴕ Turdus merula Karatavuk Blackbird Woodlands and orchards III Y AppIII LC COLUMBIDAE 12 ᴥ Columba palumbus Kaya Güvercini Rock dove, rock pigeon Settlements and woodlands Y LC 13 ᴕ Streptopelia turtur Üveyik Turktle dove Settlements and croplands III Y AppIII LC SCOLOPACIDAE 14 ᴕ Scolopax rusticola Çulluk Woodcock Woodlands A. 3 III Y,KZ,T AppIII LC FALCONIDAE 15 ᴕ Falco tinnunculus Kerkenez Vultre, keskrel Settlements and forests A. 4 II Y AppI LC 16 ᴕ Falco peregrinus Gezgincidoğan Duck hawk, pelerine Forests and open lands A. 2 II Y,KZ AppI LC ACCIPITRIDAE Eurasian sparrowhawk, 17 ᴕ Accipiter nisus Doğuatmacası Forests, parks and orchards A. 4 II Y,KZ AppI LC accipiter 18 ᴥ Buteo buteo Şahin Hawk, buzzard Forests, croplands and grasslands A. 3 II Y,KZ,T AppI LC Long legged buzzard Plains without forests, mountains and 19 ᴥ Buteo rufinus Kızılşahin A. 2 II Y,KZ AppI LC steppes 20 ᴥ Aquila chrysaetos Kayakartalı Golden eagle High mountains and rocks A. 3 II Y,KZ AppI LC STRIGIDAE 21 ᴕ Asio otus Kulaklı Ormanbaykuşu Longeared owl Woodlands A. 2 II Y AppI LC 22 ᴕ Strix aluco Alaca Baykuş Tawny owl Luminous forests, parks and orchards A.1.2. II Y AppI LC LANIIDAE 23 ᴕ Lanius collurio Kızılsırtlı çekirgekuşu Starling, lanius Woodlands, parks and orchards II G AppI LC 24 ᴕ Lanius minor Karaalın çekirgekuşu Starling, lanius Smooth and hilly places and orchards II G AppI LC 25 ᴕ Lanius senator Kızılbaşlı çekirgekuşu Starling, lanius Orchards, woodlands, forest edges II G AppI LC CORVIDAE 26 ᴥ Corvus monedula Cüce Karga Jackdaw Woodlands, rocks and ruins Y AppIII LC 27 ᴥ Corvus frugilegus Ekin Kargası Rook Plains, woodlands, parks and orchards Y, KZ AppIII LC 28 ᴥ Corvus corone Leş Kargası Hooded crow Open areas and croplands Y AppIII LC
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Species Red Data AKK Family and Species Name Turkish Name English Name Habitat Bern Status IUCN No Book (*) 29 ᴥ Pica pica Saksağan Magpie, pica pica Sparse woodlands, parks and orchards Y AppIII LC EMBERIZIDAE 30 ᴕ Emberiza melanocephala Karabaş kirazkuşu Blackhead bunting Woodlands, plains, orchards A. 3 II G AppI LC 31 ᴕ Emberiza hortulana Kirazkuşu Bunting Woodlands and croplands A 3 III G AppII LC FRINGILLIDAE 32 ᴕ Fringilla coelebs İspinoz Fringilla, chaffinch Woodlands, parks and orchards III Y AppII LC Greenfinch Woodlands, parks and orchards, 33 ᴕ Carduelis chloris Florya A. 4 II Y AppI LC graveyards 34 ᴥ Carduelis carduelis Saka Goldfinch Woodlands and orchards A. 4 II Y AppI LC STURNIDAE 35 ᴥ Sturnus vulgaris Sığırcık Starling, grackle Settlements and croplands Y AppII LC PASSERIDAE 36 ᴥ Passer domesticus Ev Serçesi House sparrow Settlements and croplands Y AppIII LC PARIDAE 37 ᴕ Parus major Büyük baştankara Great tit Woodlands, parks and orchards II Y AppI LC
Source: Demirsoy, A., 1997, Vertebra “Reptiles, Birds and Mammals (Sürüngenler, Kuşlar ve Memeliler)” Meteksan A.Ş., Ankara. Source: Kiziroğlu, İ, 1993, The Birds of Turkey (Species List in Red Data Book), TTKD, Ankara. (*)=T.R. Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Nature Preservation and National Parks “Central Hunting Committee Decisions for 20122013 Hunting Season (2012 2013 Av Dönemi Merkez Av Komisyonu Kararları)” ᴥ: Observation ᴕ: Literature
The symbols related to the conservation status of the bird species in the table are explained below:
A1 : Species that are extinct or under extinction risks A1.1 : Extinct species A1.2 : Species having population size as 125 pairs all around Turkey A2 : Species having population size under 2650 pairs and having high risk in the areas they exist A3 : Species having population size as 51 200 (500) pairs, but they have been decreased in number in some regions A4 : Species having a high number of individuals but they have been decreased in number in some regions B : Species being temporary resident of Turkey and will be at risk if their biotopes are destroyed B1 : Species being winter resident of Anatolia but not nesting B2B3 : Species that transit or winter resident of Anatolia and have low risk Y : Permanent resident that nests in out country G : Species that migrates after nesting in our country T : Species that do not nest in our country but being passage migrant KZ : Species being winter resident in out country
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Out of 37 bird species found in the project area and its surroundings and likely to be found due to their habitat features, 21 species can be found in Bern Appendix 2 list and 9 species are placed in Bern Appendix 3 List.
21 bird species are found in AppendixI; 5 bird species are found in AppendixII, 8 bird species are found in AppendixIII according to the latest lists where central hunting committee decisions of 20122013 hunting period which came into force upon publication by Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs in Official Gazette dated June 7, 2012 and numbered 28316.
All of the bird species are found in LC (Least Concern) of IUCN Red List categories. Species in LC category are common and not under any threat.
Mammalians
Mammalian species found and likely to be found in the project area and its around are given in Table IV.2.12.7.
Table IV.2.12.7. Mammalian Species That May Be Found With A High Probability In The Project Area And Its Surroundings Due To Their Habitat Feature And Their Conservation Status
English Name Red IUCN AKK Family and Species Name Turkish Name Bern Data Red Habitat (*) Book List ERİNACEİDAE Porcupine Houses and ruins, croplands and ᴥ Erinaceus concolor Kirpi nt AppI LC orchards SORICIDAE Tarla Harvest mouse ᴕ Crocidura leucodon III nt LC Open areas and shrublands sivrifaresi TALPIDAE ᴕ Talpa levantis Körköstebek Blind mole nt LC Sandy, loose and humid soils SPALACIDAE ᴕ Spalax leucodon Kösnü nt DD Galleries that it tunnels in soil MUSTELIDAE ᴕ Mustela nivalis Gelincik Veasel, molva III nt AppII LC Various sides CRICETIDAE ᴕ Cricetulus migratorius Cüce avurtlak Grey hamster nt LC Grassland, cropland and steppes LEPORIDAE Lepus, wild ᴕ Lepus europaeus Yabani tavşan III nt AppIII LC Forest, shrubland and rocks rabbit
Source: Demirsoy, A., 1997, Vertebra “Reptiles, Birds and Mammals (Sürüngenler, Kuşlar ve Memeliler)” Meteksan A.Ş., Ankara. Source: Demirsoy, A., 1996, Vertebra of Turkey “Mammalians” (Türkiye Omurgalıları “Memeliler”), Ministry of Environment, General Directorate of Environment Protection, Project No: 90K100090. Ankara. (*)=.R. Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Nature Preservation and National Parks “Central Hunting Committee Decisions for 20122013 Hunting Season (20122013 Av Dönemi Merkez Av Komisyonu Kararları)” ᴥ: Observation ᴕ: Literature
Out of 7 mammalian species found in the project area and its surroundings and likely to be found due to habitat features, 3 species can be found in Bern Appendix 3 List.
Out of 7 mammalian species found in activity field and its around and likely to be found due to habitat features, according to the latest lists where central hunting committee decisions of 20122013 hunting period which came into force upon publication by Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs in Official Gazette dated June 7, 2012 and numbered 28316, 1 mammalion species are found in AppendixI List, 1 mammalian species in AppendixII List and 1 mammalian species in AppendixIII List.
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Apart from Spalax leucodon having data deficiency out of mammalian species, other species are placed in LC (Least Concern) category and are not under any threat.
Among the fauna species, there are species which are strictly under protection and under protection according to Bern Convention Appendix 1 and Appendix 3. With respect to these species, Bern Convention protection measures and article 6 and article 7 of the convention will be obeyed.
These are;
1 In relation to strictly protected fauna species (article 6) these are prohibited: all forms of deliberate capture and keeping and deliberate killing; the deliberate damage to or destruction of breeding or resting sites; the deliberate disturbance of wild fauna, particularly during the period of breeding, rearing and hibernation, insofar as disturbance would be significant in relation to the objectives of this Convention; the deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild or keeping these eggs even if empty; the possession of and internal trade in these animals, alive or dead.
2 In relation to protected species (article 7); measures to be taken will include: closed seasons and/or other procedures regulating the exploitation; the temporary or local prohibition of exploitation, as appropriate, in order to restore satisfactory population levels; the regulation as appropriate of sale, keeping for sale, transport for sale or offering for sale of live and dead wild animals.
In addition, CITES Convention decisions will be obeyed.
Land Hunting Law and legislation with issue no 4915 and its relevant regulations, Environmental Law and legislation with issue no 2872 and its relevant regulations, National Parks Law and legislation with issue no 2873 and its regulations will be obeyed in every stage of the activity.
IV.2.13.Mines and Fossil Fuel Resources (reserves, existing and planned operation conditions, annual productions and their significance and economical values for country or local benefits.)
In Aydın Province, where important farming and tourism is dominant, mining is also conducted intensively.
With regard to metal mines, gold, copper, lead, zinc, mercury and iron formations can be explored. In KoçarlıSatılar Gold Deposit, 5.630 tons of proven + probable reserve with 1 gr/ton grade exists. Copper, lead and zinc mineralisation can be found in the province center, in Söke, Çine and Koçarlı Districts but as they are developments with low grade and small particle size, they are not economical. There is a 52.500 tons of deposit of cinnabar with 2% grade and it is not operated. Besides, small mercury developments were found in Nazilli and Germencik Districts. In the SökeKoçarlıSalhane Site, 44,51% Fe grade was detected. Furthermore, iron ore grades up to 54.46% were also detected in the deposit. The average silica content is 28%. According to this information, in the deposit 119.000 tons of high grade ore and 360.000 tons of low grade ore with high silica content were explored. In the iron deposit in SökeÇavdar Districts, there is a 13.500.000 tons reserve with 42,62% Fe and 22,05% Si grades. This deposit is not operated due to the high silica content and low iron grade, as well as the partial sulphur content.
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Beside the metallic mine deposits, there are also rich industrial raw material deposits in the province. Along with the industrial raw materials such as barite, diatomite, graphite and quartz, the ore extracted from the feldspar deposits, the vital raw material in ceramic industry, is exported to the world market.
A low grade of barite development exists in ÇineYeniköyOzanbelenin Districts. In Karacasu Dedeler Village in the dolomite deposit with high quality 90% SiO2 ve 2% Al2O3 grades operation is conducted at times. Bozdoğan–Beyler Quarters there is a low grade graphite formation with 6.000 tons of proven reserve. Quartz that is another raw material for ceramic industry can be found in Bozdoğan–Söke–Çine Districts and there is 9.663.100 tons of quartz with 96,21% SiO2 and 1,2% Fe2O3 grades in the deposit.
At the Karasu–Dandolos Site the deposit with 51.800 tons of proven + probable reserve and 45% S grade is not operated due to the low grade sulphur content. In terms of marble Karacasu District has big potentials. In the district a total of 30 million m3 of potential marble reserve was detected at the Geyre, Tepecik, Hangediği and Nargedik Sites. These sites are operated by private sector.
With respect to mica mineral GermencikDağyeri Site has high quality deposits but the reserve could not be researched. In Bozdoğan – Gerzile Districts a talc deposit with 200.000 tons of mid quality proven reserve is located. Uranium deposits were detected at the Koçarlı–Çavdar–Küçükçavdar Site with 208.942 tons and 0,0425% U3O8 (autinite) grade proven reserve; and the uranium deposit at the ÇavdarArapsu Site has probable reserves with 10.784 tons and 0,02 – 0,03% grade and with 19.508 tons and higher than 0,03% grade.
At the Çavdar–Demirtepe Site 0,0234–0,0956% (autinite, bassetite, uranopilite) quality, 263.343 tons of U3O8 with 0,0234% grade, 1.456.687 tons of U3O8 with 0,0956% grade, totally 1.728.207 proven + probable uranium reserves exist. At the Kisir– Osmankuyu site uraninite, gummite, uranotile, torbernite, autinite, meta–autinite, meta– torbernite, phosphoranilite minerals were detected with % 0,020,03 U3O8 grade and there is a total of 45.895 tons of probable uranium reserve (11.530 tons of U3O8 with 0,02– 0,03% grades and 34.365 tons of U3O8 with higher than 0,03% grade)
In Karacasu and Söke Districts corundum, magnetite and emery deposits with 55 60% Al2O3 (Karacasu), 4455% Al2O3 (Söke) grades were determined. Their probable reserves are 172.000 tons and 55.000 tons in Karacasu and Söke respectively. There are operated emery deposits in the area.
In albite production our country ranks first in the world. Almost all of the production is performed in Çine – Milas. In this region feldspar concentration plants has been established. In Çine – Milas Region approximately 1,5 million of albite is exported annually.
In Province center, Söke District and the Çine–Karpuzlu–Akçaova Deposits 1.878.516 tons of probable potassium feldspar reserve with 8–11,44% K2O and 0,73% Fe2O3 grades was explored. The 151.819 tons probable midlow quality orthoclase (potassium feldspar) reserve, that may be used as an ingredient in ceramic production, 67.363.515 tons of high quality probable reserve with 8,35–11% Na2O3 and 0.7% Fe2O3 content and 21.987.172 tons of midlow quality albite (sodium feldspar) reserves also exist. These deposits are operated and feldspar mineral is extracted for domestic and international markets. Information about the mines and reserves of Aydın Province are presented in Table IV.2.13.1.
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Table IV.2.13.1. Mine Deposit and Developments in Aydın Province
ORE TYPE LOCATION, GRADE AND RESERVE QUANTITY
Koçarlı-Satırlar Gold Site Gold (Au) Grade: 1 gr/ton Au Reserve: 5.650 tons proven+probable reserve Çine-Kızılkaya Development Asbestos (Asb) Grade: In lodes form, Low quality asbestos talc exists in the termolite schists. Reserve: No study related to reserve determination was performed as it is just a development. Aydın Province Center, Söke, Çine, Koçarlı ve Nazilli Developments Copper- lead - zinc Grade: Low. (Cu-Pb-Zn) Reserve: No study related to reserve determination was performed as it is just a development. Bozdoğan-Yeniköy- Ozanbeleni Development Grade: % 2 Cinnabar Mercury (Hg) Reserve: Deposit has 52.500 tons of reserve, is not operated. Besides in Nazilli ve Germencik Districts smaller mercury developments exist. Söke-Koçarlı-Salhane Fe Site Grade: % 44.51 Fe Iron (Fe) Reserve: 119.000 tons high grade, 360.000 tons low grade and high silica ores were determined. Karacasu-Dedeler Köyü Sites Diatomite (Dia) Quality: Good, SiO2 content %90, Al2O3 content %2 Reserve: The deposit is operated at times; used as filtering aid and filling material. Aydın Province, Çine, Söke and Central Districts Feldspar Deposits Grade: 811.44% K2O, 0.73% Fe2O3 and 8.3511% Na2O, 0.7% Fe2O3 Reserve: In Aydın Province % 811.44 K2O % trace 0.73 Fe2O3 content, high quality 1.878.516 Feldspar (Fld) tons, midlow quality 1551.819 tons probable potassium feldspar reserve with 8.3511% Na2O, %trace0.7 Fe2O3 content, high quality 67.363.515 tons probable, midlow quality 21.987.172 tons probable sodium feldspar reserve. These deposits are beneficiated by private sector as ceramic and glass raw materials.. Bozdoğan-Beyler Quarter ve Genzile Village Developments Graphite (Grf) Grade: Low Reserve: 6.000 tons of proven reserve in the development of Beyler Quarter. Merkez-Çakırbeyli Site Quality: Mid SAND – PEBBLE Reserve: 4.000 m3 proven reserve (SP) Nazilli-Dallıca Village Quality: High Reserve: 18.000 m3 proven reserve Bozdoğan-Söke-Çine Districts Sites Quartzite (Qz) Grade: 96.21% SiO2, 1.2% FeO3 (ÇineÇamköy) Reserve: 9.663.100 tons probable reserve Karacasu- Dandalos Sulphur Sites Grade: % 45 S Sulphur (S) Reserve: 51.800 tons of proven + probable reserve, the deposit is not operated due to the low grade. Karacasu-Geyre Site Quality: High Reserve: 2.500.000 m3 possible reserve. Karacasu-Tepecik Site Quality: Mid Reserve: 9.000.000 m3 geological reserve, was operated in the past years. Karacasu-YazırHangediği Site Marble (Mr) Grade: Mid Reserve: 3.000.000 m3 probable reserve, was operated in the past years Karacasu- Nargedik-Düğünyurdu Site Grade: Mid, high Reserve: 15.000.000 m3 geological reserve, many deposits are operated Bozdoğan-Başalan Çilebabat Sites Grade: High Reserve: 562.500 m3 geological reserve exists. Germencik-Dağyeni Village Development Vermiculite (V) Quality: High quality Reserve: Not determined, there isn’t any operation. Bozdoğan-Genzile Köyü Sites Talc (Talk) Quality: Mid Reserve: 350.000 tons of proven reserve Koçar-Çavdar-Küçükçavdar Site Uranium (U) Quality: % 0.0425 U3O8 autinite
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ORE TYPE LOCATION, GRADE AND RESERVE QUANTITY
Reserve: 208.942 tons proven reserve Çavdar-Arapsu Site Quality: % 0.020.03 autinite and torbernite Reserve: 0.020.03% grade, 10.784 tons U3O8, higher than 0.03% grade, 19.508 tons U3O8 probable reserve. Çavdar-Demirtepe Site Quality: 0.02340.0956% autinite, basetite, saleeite, uranopiite Reserve: 0.0234% grade, 263.343 tons U3O8, average 0.0956% grade, 1.456.867 tons U3O8 ; total 1.729.207 tons of proven + probable reserve. Kisir-Osmankuyu Site Quality: 0.020.03% U3O8 grade uraninite, gummite, uranotil, torbernite, autinite, metaautinite, metatobernite, phosphuranylite Reserve: 0.020.03% grade, 11.530 tons U3O8, higher than 0.03% 34.365 tons U3O8; totally 45.895 tons probable reserve. Karacasu- Circivan ve Söke-Gümüşköy ve Kayas Çifliği Sites Quality: 55,5560% Al2O3 (Karacasu), 4455% Al2O3 (Söke) corundum, magnetite and emery Emery (Em) Reserve: In Karacasu 172.000 tons of proven+probable, in Söke 55.000 tons of probable reserve, in Karacasu the Göztepe ve Bölükardıç deposits are currently operated. Source: www.mta.gov.tr
Beside the mine deposits and developments presented in Table IV.2.13.1, there are quartz deposits in Çine, Bozdoğan and Koçarlı Districts. Some of them are operated. In Table IV.2.13.2. the reserve and qualities of the major quartz deposits are presented.
Table IV.2.13.2 Reserve and Qualities of the Quartz Deposits LOCALITY GRADE/QUALITY RESERVE (ton) OPERATION CONDITION Çine-Boğagediği High quality Prob. 29.446 No Operation 97,53% SiO , Çine-Karpuzlu-Karaağaç 2 Prob. 2.000 No Operation 2,1% Fe2O3 Çine-Karpuzlu-Mutaflar Mid quality Prob. 4.387 No Operation 98,1599,31% SiO , Çine-Karaağaç 2 Prob. 4.239.401 Operation Continues 0,281,74% Fe2O3 Çine-Karpuzlu-Kuşcamii Used in ceramic industry Prob. 144.357 No Operation 98,599% SiO , Operation performed in the Çine-Alabayır 2 Prob. 120.000 0,10,4% Fe2O3 past years 99,2399,37% SiO , Çine-Kuruköy 2 Prob. 2.025.000 Never operated 0,03% Fe2O3 99,52% SiO , Çine-Eskiçine 2 Prob. 1064 No Operation 0,02% Fe2O3 99,3799,50% SiO , Çine-Mutaflar 2 Prob. 38.000 Operation Continues 0,020,07% Fe2O3 96,1097,30% SiO , Operation performed in the Çine-Kavşıt-Türbetepe 2 14.500 0,51% Fe2O3 past years 96,10% SiO , Çine-Karacaören 2 4.442 No Operation 0,1% Fe2O3 97,9% SiO , Çine-Kavşıt 2 28.302 No Operation 0,5% Fe2O3 9798% SiO , Operation performed in the Çine-Kavşıt-Madranbaba 2 896.000 1,382% Fe2O3 past years Operation performed in the Çine-Yeniköy-Kovanlıktepe Mid quality 73.000 past years 98,17 %SiO , No Operation Çine-Karpuzlu-Çukurköy 2 115.151 1,4% Fe2O3 Çine-Topçam Mid quality 13.246 No Operation Çine-Karpuzlu-Çamköy 3.974 No Operation < 95% SiO , No Operation Çine-Ovacık 2 66.800 >0,5% Fe2O3 99,13% SiO , No Operation Bozdoğan-Altıntaş 2 317 0,01% Fe2O3 9697% SiO , Operation performed in the Kaçarlı-Gözkayası 2 28.000 0,40,7% Fe2O3 past years Source: www.mta.gov.tr
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As the result of the exploration works performed by the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration in Aydın Province to search coal and geothermal deposits the lignite and geothermal source containing areas were revealed. Some of the sites where lignite formation is observed are Şahinali, Söke, Küçükçavdar and Dalama Lignite Sites and coal extraction has performed at times.
The sites where the lignite formation is observed are presented in Table IV.2.13.3.
Table IV.2.13.3. Lignite Sites and Their Reserves,
DALAMA SITE NAME ŞAHNALI SÖKE KÜÇÜKÇAVDAR TOTAL KULAOĞULLARI Proven 14.192 1.455 - - 15.467 Probable - 1.000 - - 1.000 Possible - - 2.440 10.000 12.440 Reserve Total 14.192 2.455 2.440 19.087 (1000 ton) Source - - - - Potential - - - - General Total 14.192 2.455 2.440 10.000 29.887 Operable 8.510 - - 8.510 Su % 20,46 16,00 20,00 Analysis Ash % 27,24 22,00 28,00 Results S % 0,98 3,16 0,00 AID kCal/kg 3120 3800 3000 Equivalent Petroleum 4.428 933 732 6.093 (1000 ton) Anthracite 6.326 1.333 1.046 8.705 Heating Heating Heating Industry Place of Use Industry Industry Type of Operation Close Close Open Source: www.mta.gov.tr
Mining Map of Aydın Province is presented in Figure IV.2.13.1.
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Figure IV.2.13.1. Aydın Province Mine Reserves Source: www.mta.gov.tr
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IV.2.14 Animal Husbandry (species, feeding areas, annual production, the position and value of these products in the national economy)
The data of animal husbandry for Aydın Province were taken from the Province Environmental Status Report of 2010. Relevant data and assessments are presented below.
Bovine Breeding
According to the 2010 data, the bovine asset in Aydın Province is 293.071 heads. 38.049 of the mentioned bovines are native, 36.710 are crossbreed and 218.312 are pedigree. The bovine assets in Aydın Province as of year 2010 are presented in Table IV.2.14.1.
Table IV.2.14.1. Numbers of Bovines in Aydın Province
Year Pedigree Crossbreed Native Total 2001 50.526 88.146 50.676 189.348 2002 54.745 83.560 52.721 191.026 2003 59.581 87.498 56.984 204.063 2004 74.801 95.965 69.727 240.493 2005 117,477 86.81 78.665 282.952 2006 123.508 76.424 70.912 270,844 2007 184.881 48.942 44.340 278.163 2008 200.839 53.574 37.250 291.663 2009 190 192 52 967 40 835 283 994 2010 218.312 36.710 38.049 293.071 Source: Aydın Province Environmental Status Report, 2010
Artificial seeding activities; it was desired that these activities are privatised primarily in Thrace and Aegean Regions and Province Directorates would only perform necessary inspection and checks. In this context the privatisation efforts initiated in year 2000 were finalised in 2002. In the frame of artificial seeding, inspection, check and support of artificial seeding works has been continued. In Aydın Province, the performed artificial seeding quantities by years are presented in Table IV.2.14.2.
Table IV.2.14.2. The Quantities of the Performed Artificial Seeding in Aydın Province by Years
Years Quantities of the Artificial Seeding 2005 55.676 2006 75.321 2007 95.016 2008 87.752 2009 90.073 2010 118.831 Source: Aydın Province Environmental Status Report, 2010
Ovine Breeding
According to the 2010 data, the ovine asset in Aydın Province is 180.720 heads. 120.628 of them are sheep and 60.092 are hair goat. The ovine assets in Aydın Province in preceding years are presented in Table IV.2.14.3.
Table IV.2.14.3. Aydın Province Ovine Assets,
Sheep Years Native- Total Sheep Total Hair Goat Merino Other 2007 116.789 2.164 118.953 58.109 2008 112.588 1.992 114.580 54.192 2009 105 401 1 847 107 248 37 339 2010 118.242 2.386 120.628 60.092 Source: Aydın Province Environmental Status Report, 2010
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Poultry Breeding
According to the 2010 data, when the poultry asset in Aydın Province is reviewed, there are a total of 2.818.740 chickens; 2.145.098 of them are broiler chicken and 673.642 of them are layer hens, Furthermore, there are 5.035 turkeys, 3.118 ducks and 2.281 geese in the province. The poultry assets in Aydın Province in preceding years are presented in Table IV.2.14.4.
Table IV.2.14.4. Aydın Province Poultry Assets ,
Years Chicken Turkey (Each) Duck (Each) Goose (Each) Chicken Egg Broiler Layer (Each) (Each) (Each) 2.007 2.692.350 809.776 5.797 4.197 5.797 141.908.200 2008 4.108.723 687.732 3.768 2.983 1.937 160.312.840 2009 1 671 870 679 383 5 152 2 957 2 306 156 343 694 2010 2.145.098 673.642 5.035 3.118 2.281 164.275.077 Source: Aydın Province Environmental Status Report, 2010
Aquacultural Resources
According to the 2010 data, when the aquaculture resources in Aydın Province are reviewed, 9.286 tons of sea fish, 509 tons of other seafood, 35 tons of fresh water products and 1.471 tons of farmed fish were produced. The production values of aquaculture resources in Aydın Province for years 2009 and 2010 are presented in Table IV.2.14.5.
Table IV.2.14.5. Aydın Province Aquacultural Resources Production in Years 2009 ve 2010,
Production Amount (ton) Produced 2009 2010 Sea Fishes 2723 9286 Other Sea Products 206 509 Fresh Water Products 19 35 Farmed Fishes 2978 1471 Total 5928 11303 Source: Aydın Province Environmental Status Report, 2010
Apiculture
According to the data taken from the Aydın Province Environmental Status Report 2010, there are 602 old style hives, 185.939 new style hives in Aydın Province. And 2.849.246 kg honey and 143.015 kg bee wax are produced. Apiculture data for Aydın Province by years are presented in Table IV.2.14.6.
Table IV.2.14.6. Aydın Province Apiculture Data by Years,
Bee Hives Products Number of Number of Number of Villages Bee wax Old Style New Style Honey (kg) Engaged with Apiculture (kg) Hives Hives 2.004 925 113.805 2.111.737 70.245 316 2.005 850 130.613 2.857.808 92.454 314 2006 990 160.480 3.547.480 89.724 293 2008 1.105 161.539 3.348.131 163.334 271 2009 869 325.342 3.527.099 142.758 257 2010 602 185.939 2.849.246 143.015 266 Source: Aydın Province Environmental Status Report, 2010
In the project land and its surrounding area, people are engaged with animal breeding for their own needs. There isn’t any pasture land to be considered in the project area.
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By means of the social investigations that were carried out in the vicinity of the project area, information about how the residential people are performing their animal breeding activities was gained. According to the interviews made with the households residing in the vicinity of the project, it was understood that majority of the bred animals are both consumed at home and sold (58%). The 33% of the people, who are engaged with animal breeding, sell their products. The ratio of the ones, who consume the products only at home, is 9%. Based on this information it is believed that the animals are important for their own needs of the houses and they also generate an income by selling some of their animals (Rfr. Figure IV.2.14.1.)
Figure IV.2.14.1. Assessment of Animal Products
IV.2.15. Places with High Landscape Values and Recreation
As the result of the site surveys performed in the area and literature works, in order to define the landscape elements that might be effected by the project, determine the effects that might occur on these elements and reach the basic data from which will be beneficiated during the landscape maintenance works, the basic findings are tried to be obtained about the landscape, flora, geological and soil characteristics as well as erosion status of the area related to the Efe Geothermal Power plant.
The landscape values that belong to the project area are investigated under three titles; “Natural Landscape”, “Visual Landscape” and “Cultural Landscape”
Characteristics of the Natural Landscape
The area, where the project is planned, is in the boundaries of Aydın Province, Germencik and Incirliova Districts. The project area is located on a plain valley between the hills. The area of the project there are agricultural lands and local fruit trees cover the field borders and the surrounding area (Rfr. Figure IV.2.15.1 and Figure IV.2.15.2.).
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Figure IV.2.15.1. A View Around the Project Area (1)
Figure IV.2.15.2. A View Around the Project Area (2)
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Characteristics of the Visual Landscape
The prevailing view of the project area is rural landscape. The visual and natural landscape value of the area is not strong. By means of the landscape works that will be performed for in the scope of the project the visual landscape of the area will be brought back to its original view.
Characteristics of Cultural Landscape
In the project area there isn’t any protection area that can be regarded as cultural landscape element (National Park, Natural Park, Natural Monument, Natural Protection Area, Wildlife Protection Area, Biogenetic Reserve Area, Biosphere Reserves, Natural Protection and Natural Protected and Remembrance, Cultural and Historical Sites, Special Environment Protection Area, Touristic Spots and Center).
IV.2.16. The lands that are under the ruling and possession of authorised bodies of the state (Military Forbidden Zone, areas allocated to state institutions and organisation for certain purposes, etc.)
In the project area, there isn’t land that is under the ruling and possession of authorised bodies of the state (Military Forbidden Zone, areas allocated to state institutions and organisation for certain purposes).
IV.2.17. Existing pollution load of the project location and its influence area
In the scope of the project, in order to establish data for EIA Study, propose solutions to the legal problems that might occur during the operation stage and determine and assess the positive and negative impacts, a series of environmental studies, measurements and analyses were conducted in the project area and its surroundings (Rfr. App8). Places of the sampling points in the scope of these studies is indicated in the topographical map which is given in Appendices (Rfr. App8).
General photographs related to the site surveys were given in Figure IV.2.17.1, Figure IV.2.17.2 and Figure IV.2.17.3.
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Figure IV.2.17.1. View from the Area Where the Passive Diffusion Tubes Were Placed (1)
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Figure IV.2.17.2. View from the Area Where the Passive Diffusion Tubes Were Placed (2)
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Figure IV.2.17.3. View from Noise Measurements (3)
In the studies performed to determine the current situation the “Procedures of Sampling Measurement / Analysis” that were prepared by Çınar Environmental Measurement and Analyses Laboratory in the scope of TS EN IEC/ISO 17025 were applied. The instruments used in the studies, the referenced Turkish and EU standards, the used standard methods and samplingmeasurement instructions are listed in Table IV.2.17.1
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Table IV.2.17.1. The Instruments, Reference Turkish and EU Standards, Standard Methods and Sampling Measurement Instructions That Were Used In Determining the Current Situation
TEST / MEASUREMENT SUBJECT OF TEST TEST NAME METHODS AND – MEASUREMENT STANDARDS Fixed Source Emissions – Manual Determination of the Concentration TS ISO 9096:2004 of Particulate Matter Determination of the Fume Density Occurred by the Burning of Distilled TS 9503: 1991 Fuels (Sootiness) (with Bacharach Method)
NO, NO2 ve NOx Determination with Electrochemical Cell Method EPACTM022:1998 FLUE GAS
CO, CO2 ve O2 Determination with Electrochemical Cell Method ISO 12039:2001
SO2 Determination with Electrochemical Cell Method TS ISO 7935: 1999
Total Volatile Organic Carbon Determination with FID (Flame Ionization EPA Method 25 A Detector) Method TS 2361:1976 Determination of the Rate of Air Suspended Particles with Gravimetric EPA 40 CFR PART 50 AMBIENT AIR Method Appendix J:2006 TS EN 12341:2002 Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise NOISE Determination and Measurement of the Ambient Noise TS 8535 EN 60651:2002 TS 9969 EN 60804:2001 TS 9315 ISO 1996 – 1 TS 9798:1992 TS ISO 8297:2006 pH Determination TS 3263 ISO 10523:1999 Dissolved Oxygen Determination TS 5677 EN 25814:1996 TS 5091 EN ISO Turbidity Determination 7027:2004 Settleable Solid Material Determination TS 7092:1989 Oil and Grease in Water and Slurry Samples Determination TS 8312: 1990
Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids Measurement, Salinity TS 9748 EN 27888:1996 Determination
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Determination TS 7094 EN 872:1999 Water Quality Escherichia Coli and Coliform Bacteria Determination and TS EN ISO 93081:2004 Counting – With HachLange Analysis Criteria TS ISO 84661:1997 BOİ, KOİ, Free Chlorium, Nitrite, Nitrite Nitrogen, Nitrate, Nitrate TA.37:Rev04:16.12.2005 Nitrogen, Sulphate, Phosphate (Ortho Phosphate, Total Phosphate) WATER- (Inside operation Fennol, Ammonium Nitrate, Chromium +6, Total Chromium, Free WASTEWATER method) Cyanide Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Determination SM 5210 B Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Determination SM 5220 B Free Chlorine Determination SM 4500 Cl G
Nitrite and Nitrite Nitrogen Determination SM 4500 NO2 B Nitrate and Nitrate Nitrogen Determination EPA METHOD 3521 2 Sulphate SM 4500 SO4 E Phosphate (Ortho Phosphate, Total Hydrolysable Phosphate, Total SM 4500 P E Phosphate, Total Organic Phosphor) Phenol Determination SM 5530 C
Ammonium and Ammonia Nitrogen Determination SM 4500 NH3 C
Kjeldahl Nitrogen and Organic Nitrogen Determination SM 4500 Norg B Chloride Determination SM 4500 Cl B
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TEST / MEASUREMENT SUBJECT OF TEST TEST NAME METHODS AND – MEASUREMENT STANDARDS
2 Sulphite Determination SM 4500 SO3 B Chlorophyll –a Determination SM 10200 H Fluoride Determination SM 4500F D Copper, Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Nickel, Magnesium, Cadmium, Silver, SM 3111 B Lead, Cobalt, Potassium, Sodium, Antimony, Chromium and Lithium Aluminium, Barium and Molybdenum SM 3111 D Arsenic and Selenium ve Selenium SM 3114 B ve 3114 C Mercury TS 2537 EN 1483:1999 Acid Digestion SM 3030 D,E,F,G,H,I Boron SM 4500 B Chromium +6 SM 3500 Cr6+B Sulphur SM 4500 S2 F Colour SM 2120 B TS EN 135281:2006 Gas and Vapour Determination with Simple Sampling Tubes TS EN 135282:2004 Sampling from Wastewater TS ISO 566710:2002 SAMPLING Sampling from Sea Water TS ISO 56679:1997 Sampling from Groundwater TS ISO 566711:1997 Sampling from Streams TS ISO 56676:1997 Sampling from Soil TS 9923:1992 SAMPLE Sample Preservation and Transporting for Suspended Solid in water, PRESERVATION TS 5106 ISO 5667 Turbidity, BOD, Chloride, Coliform, Nitrite & Nitrate, Metal and Oil & AND 3:1997 Grease Analyses TRANSPORTING
IV.2.17.1. Studies Concerning the Determination of the Current Air Quality
Measurement of Gases (H2S): In order to select the sampling points for “Air Quality Measurement (polluter measurement with passive diffusion tubes)” performed in the scope of the project, a measurement schedule was prepared in compliance with The Appendix 2 (Measuring the Contribution Rates of the Plants to the Air Pollution) of “Industrial Based Air Pollution Control Regulation (IBAPCR)” enacted by the Official Gazette No. 27277 published on 03.07.2009 and the investigation area was selected. Based on the project area, the diffusion tubes were located at 8 different points. As for the H2S parameter 3 tubes were located at the observation points totally 24 diffusion tube were located.
In the scope of the studies for determining the current situation, disregarding the main wind distribution in over 8 or 16 directions in the activity area, the air quality determinations to be performed, have an indispensible significance, as they can be used as evidences in case any legal problems that may emerge or compliances that may be raised by the local community. For this reason they are applied in the whole world.
In the performed studies, by taking the worst case scenario into consideration, as the result of the preliminarymodelling based on the points where the maximum ground level concentrations of the emissions occur the locations are selected and they are determined on the 1/25.000 scaled topographic map. Then the site was visited, the determined points were reached as close as possible and the diffusion tubes were located in a legislatively concordant way.
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The diffusion tubes that were located in various points in the project area and its surroundings were collected after 20 days, which is the end of each period, and sent to Gladko Laboratories, England. In total 60 days of measurement in 3 periods were performed.
Measurement Results: The assessments of the results delivered from the Gladko Laboratory, from which diffusion tubes were supplied and where the analyses were performed, were made according to the Short Term Limit Values found in the mentioned regulation above. In order to the determine the current environmental situation of the project area and its surrounding the measurement results of the allocated points and the short term limit values taken from the relevant regulation are presented in Table IV.2.17.2. and the measurement analyses reports can be found in appendices (Rfr. App8).
Table IV.2.17.2. Air Quality Gas Measurement (SO2 and VOC) (Polluter Measurement with Passive Diffusion Tubes) Analysis results and Short Term Limit Values taken from the IBAPCR.
H2S H2S MEASUREMENT INTERVAL MEASUREMENT POINT MEASUREMENT SHORT TERM LIMIT RESULT (μg/m3) VALUES (μg/m3) HK1 < L.O.D. 40 HK2 < L.O.D. 40 HK3 < L.O.D. 40 HK4 < L.O.D. 40 04.02.2011 24.02.2011 HK5 < L.O.D. 40 HK6 < L.O.D. 40 HK7 < L.O.D. 40 HK8 < L.O.D. 40 HK1 < L.O.D. 40 HK2 < L.O.D. 40 HK3 < L.O.D. 40 HK4 < L.O.D. 40 13.04.2011 03.05.2011 HK5 < L.O.D. 40 HK6 < L.O.D. 40 HK7 < L.O.D. 40 HK8 < L.O.D. 40 HK1 < L.O.D. 40 HK2 < L.O.D. 40 HK3 < L.O.D. 40 HK4 < L.O.D. 40 03.05.2011 23.05.2011 HK5 < L.O.D. 40 HK6 < L.O.D. 40 HK7 < L.O.D. 40 HK8 < L.O.D. 40
As can be seen in Table IV.2.17.2. the performed analysis results are well below the limit values. Besides, the H2S gas test results, which has been performed for a plant, are also presented in the appendices. Studies were performed in the close vicinity of the area of currently operating plant and any unfavourable condition is not observed (Rfr. App8). 109 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT IV.2.17.2. Studies Concerning the Determination of the Current Surface and Groundwater Status In the scope of the project Çınar Environmental Measurement and Analyses Laboratory Team took instantaneous surface water and groundwater samples and the samples were analysed in Çınar Environmental Measurement and Analyses Laboratory, Environment Industrial Analyses Laboratory and Nen Environmental Determination and Measurement Laboratory of Nen Engineering and Laboratory Services Trad. Ltd. Inc,. Water sampling was carried out in accordance with the above mentioned sampling and sample preserving guide. In order to determine the result of the performed analyses “Water Pollution Control Regulation Table 1. Inland Water Quality Criteria according to the Classes” was used. The surface analysis results are presented in Table IV.2.17.3. and Table IV.2.17.4. and the analysis results can be found in appendices (Rfr. App8). Table IV.2.17.3. Analysis Results of the Surface Water Samples Taken in the Scope of the Determination of the Current Situation SAMPLE NO 1 E: 553382 N: 4191582 PARAMETER WATER QUALITY CLASS ACCORDING ANALYSIS MEASUREMENT TO THE TABLE 1 OF RESULT UNCERTAINTY WATER QUALITY CONTROL REGULATION Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) 7,21 II % +/ 0,1 Oxygen Saturation (%) 81,3 II pH 7,98 +/ 0,32 I Temperature (C0) 2,8 % +/ 6 I Total Dissolved Solid (mg/L) 676 % +/ 12,1 II Fecal Coliform (KOB/100 ml) 1.000 % +/ 17,5 III Total Coliform (KOB/100 ml) 2.600 % +/ 10,24 I KOD (mg/L) 21,8 % +/ 7,11 I BOD (mg/L) 6,0 % +/ 6,84 II Free Chloride (mg/L) < 0,02 % +/ 14,9 Nitrite Nitrogen (mg/L) 0,030 % +/ 8,09 III Nitrate Nitrogen (mg/L) 1,31 % +/ 11,6 I Ammonium Nitrogen (mg/L) < 0,1 % +/ 7,24 I Copper (mg/L) < 0,01 % +/ 8,01 I Iron (mg/L) 0,059 % +/ 8,67 I Manganese (mg/L) <0,01 % +/ 8,36 I Zinc (mg/L) <0,005 % +/8,83 I Nickel (mg/L) 0,023 % +/ 8,40 II Cadmium (mg/L) < 0,003 % +/ 8,21 I Lead (mg/L) 0,0012 % +/ 3,22 I Cobalt (mg/L) 0,018 % +/ 9,85 II Sodium (mg/L) 175,6 % +/ 8,16 III Aluminium (mg/L) < 0,3 % +/ 8,26 I T. Chromium (mg/L) < 0,02 % +/ 8,48 I Selenium (mg/L) <0,002 % +/ 4,51 I Barium (mg/L) <1,0 % +/ 8,14 I T. Phosphor (mg/L) 0,214 % +/ 7,65 III Phenol (mg/L) 0,047 % +/ 7,59 III Fluoride (mg/L) 1,03 % +/ 6,80 II Oil Grease (mg/L) <5,0 % +/ 7,36 Chromium 6+ (mg/L) <0,02 % +/ 5,59 I Chloride (mg/L) 390,6 % +/ 4,47 III Sulphur (mg/L) <0,1 % +/ 6,50 110 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Colour (Pt-Co) 40 % +/ 7,30 II Mercury (mg/L) <0,001 % +/ 8,90 Boron 2,76 % +/ 13,4 IV Arsenic (mg/L) 0,009 % +/ 4,35 I Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) 0,4 % +/ 6,58 I Sulphate (mg/L) 125,1 % +/ 8,41 I Total Cyanide (mg/L) <0,02 % +/ 16,0 *Total Organic Carbon (mg/L) 9,93 % +/ 0,685 III Mineral Oil and its Derivations (mg/L) 0,264 % +/ 7,52 III Total Pesticide (mg/L) <0,001 % +/ 9,29 I Detergent (MBAS) (mg/L) <0,02 % +/ 8,65 I * Marked results are not in the scope of Turkish Accreditation Agency and outside the scope of Ministry of Environment Compliance Certificate. Were analysed by Environment Industrial Analyses Laboratory 111 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.2.17.4. Analysis Results of the Groundwater Samples Taken in the Scope of the Current Situation Determination Studies. SAMPLE NO 1 SAMPLE NO 2 E: 553697 E: 559697 N: 4191286 N: 4191307 WATER QUALITY WATER QUALITY PARAMETER CLASS CLASS ACCORDING ACCORDING TO ANALYSIS MEASUREMENT ANALYSIS MEASUREMENT TO THE TABLE THE TABLE 1 OF RESULT UNCERTAINTY RESULT UNCERTAINTY 1 OF WATER WATER QUALITY QUALITY CONTROL CONTROL REGULATION REGULATION Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) 6,72 II 7,01 II % +/ 0,1 % +/ 0,1 Oxygen Saturation (%) 77,4 II 86,2 II pH 6,81 +/ 0,32 I 7,45 +/ 0,32 I Temperature (C0) 8,5 % +/ 6 I 4,1 % +/ 6 I Total Dissolved Solid (mg/L) 2.100 % +/ 12,1 III 1.287 % +/ 12,1 II Not Not Fecal Coliform (KOB/100 ml) % +/ 17,5 I % +/ 17,5 I multiplied multiplied Total Coliform (KOB/100 ml) 10 % +/ 7,11 I 1.000 % +/ 10,24 II KOD (mg/L) <10 % +/ 10,24 I <10,0 % +/ 7,11 I BOD (mg/L) <4,0 % +/ 6,84 I <4,0 % +/ 6,84 I Free Chloride (mg/L) < 0,02 % +/ 14,9 <0,02 % +/ 14,9 Nitrite Nitrogen (mg/L) <0,002 % +/ 8,09 I 0,013 % +/ 8,09 III Nitrate Nitrogen (mg/L) 1,53 % +/ 11,6 I 0,897 % +/ 11,6 I Ammonium Nitrogen (mg/L) < 0,1 % +/ 7,24 I <0,1 % +/ 7,24 I Copper (mg/L) < 0,01 % +/ 8,01 I 0,015 % +/ 8,01 I Iron (mg/L) 0,028 % +/ 8,67 I 0,095 % +/ 8,67 I Manganese (mg/L) <0,01 % +/ 8,36 I 0,021 % +/ 8,36 I Zinc (mg/L) 0,005 % +/8,83 I 0,028 % +/8,83 I Nickel (mg/L) <0,02 % +/ 8,40 I <0,02 % +/ 8,40 I Cadmium (mg/L) < 0,003 % +/ 8,21 I <0,003 % +/ 8,21 I Lead (mg/L) 0,004 % +/ 3,22 I 0,0014 % +/ 3,22 I Cobalt (mg/L) 0,016 % +/ 9,85 II 0,016 % +/ 3,20 II Sodium (mg/L) 349,8 % +/ 8,16 IV 202,6 % +/ 8,16 III Aluminium (mg/L) <0,3 % +/ 8,26 I <0,3 % +/ 8,26 I T. Chromium (mg/L) < 0,02 % +/ 8,48 I <0,02 % +/ 8,48 I Selenium (mg/L) <0,002 % +/ 4,51 I <0,002 % +/ 4,51 I Barium (mg/L) <1,0 % +/ 8,14 I <1,0 % +/ 8,14 I T. Phosphor (mg/L) 0,057 % +/ 7,65 II 1,44 % +/ 7,65 IV Phenol (mg/L) <0,001 % +/ 7,59 I <0,001 % +/ 7,37 I Fluoride (mg/L) 0,99 % +/ 6,80 I 0,93 % +/ 6,80 I Oil Grease (mg/L) <5,0 % +/ 7,36 <5,0 % +/ 7,36 Chromium 6+ (mg/L) <0,02 % +/ 5,59 I <0,02 % +/ 5,59 I Chloride (mg/L) 62,2 % +/ 4,47 II 98,9 % +/ 4,47 II Sulphur (mg/L) <0,1 % +/ 6,50 <0,1 % +/ 6,50 Colour (Pt-Co) 5,0 % +/ 7,30 I 5,0 % +/ 7,30 I Mercury (mg/L) <0,001 % +/ 8,90 <0,001 % +/ 8,90 Boron 5,61 % +/ 13,4 IV 1,51 % +/ 13,4 IV Arsenic (mg/L) 0,014 % +/ 4,35 I 0,008 % +/ 4,35 I Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) <0,1 % +/ 6,58 I 7,19 % +/ 6,58 IV Sulphate (mg/L) 193,3 % +/ 8,41 I 107,6 % +/ 8,41 I Total Cyanide (mg/L) <0,02 % +/ 16,0 <0,02 % +/ 16,0 *Total Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2,26 % +/ 0,156 I 2,09 % +/ 0,156 I Mineral Oil and its Derivations 0,140 % +/ 7,52 III 0,142 % +/ 7,52 III (mg/L) Total Pesticide (mg/L) <0,001 % +/ 9,29 I <0,001 % +/ 9,29 I Detergent (MBAS) (mg/L) 0,025 % +/ 8,65 I 0,034 % +/ 8,65 I * Marked results are not in the scope of Turkish Accreditation Agency and outside the scope of Ministry of Environment Compliance Certificate. Were analysed by Environment Industrial Analyses Laboratory. Source: Analysis Results of Environment Industrial Analyses Laboratory The water classes, their qualities and areas of usage defined in Water Pollution Control Regulation Table 1. Inland Water Quality Criteria according to the Classes can be found in Table IV.2.17.5. 112 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.2.17.5. The water classes, their qualities and areas of usage defined in Water Pollution Control Regulation Table 1. Inland Water Quality Criteria according to the Classes CLASS CLASS QUALITY AREAS OF USAGE Only disinfection and drinking water supply, Recreational purposes (activities demanding body contact like swimming), I High Quality Water Trout production, Animal breeding and farming demands, Other purposes. Drinking water supply with an advanced or suitable treatment method, Recreational purposes, Low Contaminated Fish production other than trout, II Water As irrigation water provided that the irrigation water criteria given in Technical Procedure Communication is met, All the utilisations other than Class I. Contaminated water can be used in ındustrial water supply after being treated with a III Polluted Water proper method. Cannot be used in the industries demanding quality water such as; food, textile. Very Very polluted water; the quality of this water is poorer than the quality parameters IV Contaminated given in Class III and can be used by treating to upper quality class (surface waters). Water The quality parameters and their Class numbers as I, II, III, IV valid for the classification with “Water Pollution Control Regulation Table 1. Inland Water Quality Criteria according to the Classes” was given separately. In order to add a water source into one of these classes the whole parameters values should be in concordance with the values given for those classes. It is regarded as the waters corresponding to the above mentioned quality classes, would be suitable for the utility of the following water usage areas. In the performed examinations; it was determined that the sample taken from the closest surface water to the project area is in the quality of Class I in general, but is in Class II in terms of dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, total coliform, BOD, cobalt, fluoride, colour and in Class II in terms of fecal coliform, total organic carbon, mineral oil and derivations, chloride, fennol, total phosphor, sodium, nitrite nitrogen and in Class IV in terms of boron. IV.2.17.3. Studies Concerning the Determination of the Current Situation in the Soil In the scope of the studies to determine the current situation, in order to determine current productivity and pollution status in the potential activity area 3 samples (TK1, TK2 and TK3) were taken and heavy metal analyses were conducted at one point. These samples were sent to T.R. Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Research, Research Institute of Soil Fertiliser and Water Resources and have them analysed. The analysis results are presented in Table IV.2.17.6 and analyses reports can be found in appendices (Rfr. App8). Analysis Results: The analysis results which were performed by T.R. Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Research, Research Institute of Soil Fertiliser and Water Resources are presented in Table IV.2.17.6. 113 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.2.17.6. Soil Sample Productivity Analyses ANALYSIS RESULTS MEASUREMENT POINT TK 1 TK 2 TK 3 E: 250972 E: 252109 E: 251110 GPS COORDINATES N: 4518567 N: 4517693 N: 4517567 Saturation with Water (%) 44 72 49 Texture Class L C L EC (dS/m) 0,280 0,565 0,291 Total Salt (%) 0,008 0,026 0,009 pH in the Soil Saturated with Water 7,66 8,29 8,31 Lime (CaCO3) (%) 0,52 11,80 7,97 Phosphor (kg/da) 4,81 0,62 1,32 Potassium (kg/da) 24,33 30,11 18,99 Organic Material (%) 0,20 0,38 0,18 Organic Carbon (%) 0,12 0,22 0,10 Available Iron (Fe) (ppm) 5,51 7,78 7,83 PARAMETRE Available Copper (Cu) (ppm) 0,56 1,99 1,61 Available Zinc (Zn) (ppm) 0,14 0,06 0,10 Available Manganese (Mn) (ppm) 4,16 1,62 1,83 Exchangeable Calcium (Ca) (ppm) 1.957,17 1.958,79 1.470,20 Exchangeable Magnesium (Mg) 114,28 592,23 254,02 (ppm) Total Nitrogen (%) 0,042 0,060 0,042 Nitrate Nitrogen ppm 1,490 0,475 0,825 Ammonium Nitrogen (%) 0,2484 0,7790 0,4512 Source: The analysis report of T.R. Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Research, Research Institute of Soil Fertiliser and Water Resources, 2012 IV.2.17.4. Studies Concerning the Determination of the Current Particle Material (PM10) In the scope of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project, around the project area particle material measurements were carried out at two points. For the air borne PM10 measurements the particles collected on the filters were weighed in the ÇINAR Environmental Measurement and Analysis Laboratory and the gas concentrations were determined. PM10 analyses were performed by using MCZ Brand PM10 sampling instruments and in compliance with EPA 40 CFR PART 50 and TS EN 12341:2002. Measurement Results In the laboratory the filters were dried in 105oC temperature then cooled in desiccator and weighed. For each point the difference between the last and first weighing is divided to the total intake air and the ambient particle material concentration was calculated. The results are presented in Table IV.2.17.7. 114 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.2.17.7. Measurement Results of Particle Material (PM10) PM10 PM 10 MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT POINT DATE 3 Relevant Regulation KVS RESULT * (µg/m ) 3 VALUES (μg/m ) E:559179 1.Point N:4190087 14.03.2012 48,87 140 E:553561 2. Point N:4192392 15.03.2012 64,31 140 E: Easting N: Northing *PM 10 test measurement uncertainty was calculated as +/ 12,46%. The analysis and measurement results that were performed in ÇINAR Environmental Measurement and Analysis Laboratory can be found in App8 in the PM10 Measurement Report. IV.2.17.5. Studies Concerning the Determination of the Current Noise Levels In order to determine the noise level around the planned project area, noise measurements were carried out at 6 different locations. The measurement report can be found in the appendices (Rfr. App8). The points, where the noise measurements were carried out in compliance with the Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise, were selected at the locations very close to residential areas. And as it was specified in the relevant regulation and standards measurements were performed 1.5 higher than the ground. The results of the performed measurements were compared with the “exposure to noise categories” given in Article 27 of the mentioned regulation and noise levels determined at the measurement points with exposure to noise categories given in Article 27 of the relavent regulation are presented in Table IV.2.17.8. Tablo IV.2.17.8. Noise Levels Determined at the Measurement Points AVERAGE NOISE GPS COORDINATES “EXPOSURE TO NOISE MEASUREMENT LEVELS (dBA) CATEGORIES” IN ARTICLE 27 OF POINTS E N MIN MAX LEQ RELEVANT REGULATION” G1 (1. 559005 4189655 82,6 41,5 54,2 Category A (Lday <55 dBA) Measurement) G2 (2 559394 4190850 77,6 34,2 47,3 Category A (Lday <55 dBA) Measurement) G3 (3. 558291 4191086 80,2 41,1 51,2 Category A (Lday <55 dBA) Measurement) G4 (4. 553697 4191286 83,2 42,5 53,6 Category A (Lday <55 dBA) Measurement) G5 (5. 552724 4192501 80,6 37,8 56,3 Category B (Lday type 55 64 dBA) Measurement) G6 (6. 552928 4194012 73,4 38,3 49,1 Category A (Lday <55 dBA) Measurement) *Category A (In terms of Lday <55 dBA) Area: The measures are taken by considering the sensitive areas and the planned usages, to keep the existing quietness. The maximum level of noise in this category, would not give any disconformity. * Category B (in terms of Lday 55 – 64 dBA): For the heavy or medium usages, when the planning decision are taken and the permit for establishing the plans is given, the environmental noise factor is assessed and the necessary measures are taken to protect the background noise level. The physical measures to be taken during the planning to protect the residential area will be taken by the planner. During the establishment of a new plant the project owner will take the IV.2.18. Other features There isn’t any other issue to be addressed in this section. 115 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT IV.3. Characteristics of Socio-Economic Environment The detailed information of the socioeconomical characteristics of Aydın Province, Germencik and Incirliova Districts, where the project is located is given below. IV.3.1. Economical Characteristics (the major sectors building the economical structure of the region, the distribution of the local labour to these sectors, the position and importance of the good and service produced in the local sectors, other information) In the socioeconomic development index prepared by State Planning Organisation in 2003, Aydın province rank 22. and is one of the developed provinces in Turkey. When the sectorial distribution of gross domestic products (GDP) of the province (year 2000) is reviewed, services sector rank first with 62,7% and it is followed by agriculture (% 27,2) and industry (% 10,2). Besides in the period between 1987 – 2001 services has become the fastest growing sector in the province with a 3,4% growing rate. In Aydın Province, when the general structure of manufacturing industry is reviewed, the subsectors as the food products and drinking manufacturing, textile products, mining and quarries and nonmetallic minerals production are the remarkable ones. Food products and drinking sector; was remarkable in Turkish Statistical Institute 2001 General Census of the Workplaces, inprovince per cent and concentration indications, the Preferences of the Provincial Chamber of Industries and with the choices realised with the foreign capital. The sector becomes prominent in the province and it is also seen that the sectorial share in the province is higher than its sectorial share in the country. Textile production; becomes prominent in Turkish Statistical Institute 2001 exporting inprovince per cent indications and in the Preferences of the Provincial Chamber of Industries. Besides, in the province the share of textile sector in exports is by far the leader. The subsectors of “Cotton textile”, “Ready Textile Products” and “Preparation and Weaving of Natural and Synthetic Cotton Fibre” are the most important ones. Mining and Quarrying; becomes prominent in Turkish Statistical Institute 2001 export inprovince per cent indications, in the Preferences of the Provincial Chamber of Industries and the realised incentive investments. It can be seen that the share of mining in province is higher than its share in mining in Turkey. It is also seen that the labour productivity of the sectors is better than the Turkey’s average. Nonmetallic other mineral products are also recognisable in the indications of the private sector labour efficiencies and export. “Cutting, Shaping the Decoration and Constructional Stones and Making them Useable” is the most remarkable subsector. The remarkable sectors in Aydın Province (The Prominent Industrial Sectors in the Provinces, Undersecretariat of State Planning Organisation, Directorate of Regional Development and Structural Adjustment, 2006); 116 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Manufacturing of Food Products and Beverages; Bread, fresh bakeries and fresh cakes, Processing and storing the fruit and vegetables, which are not classified in anywhere else, Biscuit, durable bakery and confectionery products, Manufacturing of refined, saturated and vegetable oils, Manufacturing of raw, liquid and saturated fats, Manufacturing of milled cereal. Manufacturing of Textile Products; Cotton Weaving, Manufacturing ready textile products other than clothing, Preparation and spinning natural and synthetic cotton fibre. Mining and Quarrying; Lignite Mining and Briquetting Other mining and quarrying operation that are not classified in any where else , Sand and gravel quarries, Quarries of decoration and construction stones Production of Nonmetallic Other Minerals Cutting decoration and construction stones, shaping and making them useable, Manufacturing the refractory ceramic materials, Manufacturing tile, briquette tile and construction material from fired clay, Manufacturing other type of ceramics. IV.3.2. Population (the urban and rural population in the region, population movements, immigrations, rate of population increases, average household size, other information), During the construction and operation stages of the planned Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project (162,5 MWe), the region where the most distinctive socioeconomic impacts are expected, will be the residential areas in the close vicinity of the project area. In order to assess the socioeconomic impacts in this mentioned region and to determine the current socioeconomic structure, the population data of Aydın Province obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) are presented in Table IV.3.2.1. and the population data of Germencik and Incirliova Districts are presented in Table IV.3.2.2. and Table IV.3.2.3. respectively. 117 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.3.2.1. Population Distribution of Aydın Province in 2011 PROVINCE / DISTRICT TOWNS / VILLAGES TOTAL DISTRICTS CENTERS Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Center 191.037 95.859 95.178 64.255 32.074 32.181 255.292 127.933 127.359 Bozdoğan 9.788 4.856 4.932 25.557 12.934 12.623 35.345 17.790 17.555 Buharkent 6.814 3.234 3.580 5.647 2.823 2.824 12.461 6.057 6.404 Çine 20.285 10.027 10.258 31.882 15.995 15.887 52.167 26.022 26.145 Didim 46.571 23.946 22.625 12.181 6.243 5.938 58.752 30.189 28.563 Germencik 12.669 6.186 6.483 30.355 15.063 15.292 43.024 21.249 21.775 İncirliova 20.291 10.174 10.117 23.784 11.830 11.954 44.075 22.004 22.071 Karacasu 6.191 3.073 3.118 13.883 6.887 6.996 20.074 9.960 10.114 Karpuzlu 2.043 1.028 1.015 9.915 4.946 4.969 11.958 5.974 5.984 Koçarlı 6.338 3.117 3.221 18.771 9.370 9.401 25.109 12.487 12.622 Köşk 9.950 4.959 4.991 17.281 8.815 8.466 27.231 13.774 13.457 Kuşadası 68.225 34.540 33.685 20.239 10.291 9.948 88.464 44.831 43.633 Kuyucak 7.593 3.635 3.958 21.131 10.453 10.678 28.724 14.088 14.636 Nazilli 110.401 53.925 56.476 36.223 18.069 18.154 146.624 71.994 74.630 Söke 69.446 34.748 34.698 46.246 23.301 22.945 115.692 58.049 57.643 Sultanhisar 6.037 3.025 3.012 15.056 7.414 7.642 21.093 10.439 10.654 Yenipazar 6.294 2.988 3.306 6.784 3.366 3.418 13.078 6.354 6.724 TOTAL 599.973 299.320 300.653 399.190 199.874 199.316 999.163 499.194 499.969 Source: http://www.tuik.gov.tr (Address Based Population Registration System) Table IV.3.2.2. Population Distribution of Germencik District in 2011 DISTRICT SUB-DISTRICT TOWN/VILLAGE TOTAL MALE FEMALE CENTER Alangüllü 178 85 93 Bozköy 1.121 572 549 Çamköy 1.149 566 583 Çarıklar 461 242 219 Dağkaraağaç 230 118 112 Dağyeni 924 449 475 Dampınar 367 186 181 Habibler 207 101 106 (B) Hıdırbeyli 2.007 1.009 998 Karaağaçlı 383 197 186 Kızılcagedik 109 58 51 Meşeli 533 283 250 (B) Mursallı 1.182 591 591 Ömerbeyli 777 373 404 Reisköy 462 236 226 Turanlar 1.106 531 575 Germencik Üzümlü 669 332 337 Bucak toplamı 11.865 5.929 5.936 Ortaklar Abdurrahmanlar 174 82 92 Balatçık 551 270 281 Dereköy 57 23 34 Gümüşköy 219 106 113 Gümüşyeniköy 254 136 118 Kızılcapınar 714 342 372 Moralı 490 254 236 Naipli 80 43 37 Neşetiye 2.156 1.090 1.066 (B) Ortaklar 12.945 6.371 6.574 Selatin 439 221 218 Tekin 258 126 132 Uzunkum 153 70 83 Bucak toplamı 18.490 9.134 9.356 District Total 43.024 21.249 21.775 118 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.3.2.3. Population Distribution of İncirliova District in 2011 DISTRICT SUB-DISTRICT TOWN/VILLAGE TOTAL MALE FEMALE Center (B) Acarlar 10.595 5.215 5.380 Akçeşme 291 136 155 Arpadere 401 200 201 Arzular 300 148 152 Beyköy 468 230 238 Dereağzı 639 321 318 Eğrek 503 244 259 Erbeyli 1.146 573 573 Gerenkova 2.021 1.016 1.005 Hacıaliobası 986 503 483 Hamitler 24 13 11 İkizdere 93 42 51 İncirliova İsafakılar 380 197 183 Karabağ 524 284 240 Karagözler 282 141 141 Köprüova 182 98 84 Osmanbükü 1.069 524 545 Palamutköy 164 81 83 Sandıklı 1.843 943 900 Sınırteke 1.149 553 596 Şirindere 243 120 123 Yazıdere 481 248 233 Bucak toplamı 23.784 11.830 11.954 District Total 44.075 22.004 22.071 According to the Address Based Population Registration System, published by the end of year 2010 the population of Aydın province is 989.862 and 59,50% of the population (588.968 people) lives in the cities while 40,50% (400.894 people) lives in rural areas. Population Movements and Immigrations: According to 2010 data of Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) the immigration of the province is higher than emigration rate, so the net migration rate was given as 0,05% (Rfr. Table IV.3.2.4 and Table IV.3.2.5). Table IV.3.2.4. Immigration, Emigration, Net Migration and Net Migration Rate of Aydın Province YEAR 2010 PERMANENT RESIDENTIAL NET NET MIGRATION IMMIGRATION EMMIGRATION POPULATION MIGRATION RATE (%) 989.862 29.971 29.923 48 0,05 Source: TSI Data Table IV.3.2.5. Immigration and Emigration of Aydın Province by the Residential Areas YEAR 2009 PERMANENT RESIDENTIAL AYDIN (IMMIGRATION) AYDIN (EMIGRATION) TOTAL 105.102 83.549 TOTAL Male 54.421 43.953 Female 50.681 39.596 From cities to cities (Year Male 29.678 26.517 2000) Female 26.263 23.672 From villages to cities Male 7.284 6.932 (Year 2000) Female 6.762 6.267 From cities to villages Male 12.305 8.120 (Year 2000) Female 11.697 7.071 From villages to villages Male 5.154 2.384 (Year 2000) Female 5.959 2.586 Source: TSI Data 119 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT In Aydın Province other than the permanent migrations, significant rate of seasonal migrations take place. In case of seasonal migration, especially the activities of the agricultural operations and tourism industry demand labour from other provinces. Majority of these immigrations are from surrounding provinces like Muğla, Denizli, Burdur, Afyon, and Isparta. IV.3.3. Income (Distribution of the regional income to the sectors, the maximum, minimum and average income per capita), Aydın, thanks to its geography, composes a significant potential with its agricultural, industrial and especially tourism sectors. Aydın ranks 15. with the 1,30% share in the gross domestic product in Turkey and ranks 21. according to the socioeconomic development research (2003) performed by the State Planning Organisation. According to 2001 data of Turkish Statistical Institute gross domestic product per capita with ruling prices was defined as 1.934 USD with its 1,3% share. According to the socioeconomic developments research data of the district performed by State Planning Organisation in year 2004, the socioeconomical indications of Germencik District are presented in Table IV.3.3.1. Table IV.3.3.1 Germencik District SocioEconomical Indicators Population 43.023 Urbanisation Rate (%) 33,23 Population Growth Rate (%) 0,77 Population Density 59 Population Dependency Ratio (%) 50,11 Average Household Size 3,44 The Rate of the Population working in Agricultural Sector (%) 75,37 The Rate of the Population working in Industrial Sector (%) 19,62 The Rate of the Population working in Service Sector (%) 18,09 Unemployment Rate (%) 2,45 Literacy Rate (%) 85,45 Infant Mortality Rate (%) 20,96 General Budget Income Per Capita (Thousand TL) 100.141 Share of Tax Revenues In the Country (%) 0,02714 Share of Agricultural Output in the Country (%) 0,17938 Source: Data of State Planning Organisation, 2004 Following the initiation of the preparation and construction stages of Efe Thermal Power Plant Project, the qualified and unqualified workers that will be reachable in the scope of the project will be supplied from the surrounding region and the social needs will be provided from the region as well. Accordingly, it is obvious that the Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project will bring an economical boom to the region. Besides, the workers, who will work during the land preparation and construction stages and hence the other people in the community will be experiences in various trades and they will beneficiate their knowledge in trade in the future. IV.3.4. Unemployment (The unemployed population of the region and its ratio to the population of labour force) According to the 2009 data of Turkish Employment Agency, the unemployed population in Aydın Province is 20.996 and its ratio to the working population is 16,4%. When it is compared to the Turkish general this value is about 9,5%. The unemployment, labour force participation and employment data of Aydın Province are presented in Table IV.3.4.1. 120 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.3.4.1 The unemployment, labour force participation and employment data of Aydın Province VALUE % Labour force participation 52,2 Unemployment 16,4 Employment 43,6 Source: Turkish Statistical Institute Data 2009 The responsibles of the investor, stated that recruiting the workers from the regions away from the project area would not be economical for them as well and therefore they will give all the effort to provide their employment needs from the local community. In the project during the construction stage the unqualified workers will be primarily provided from the local region. Permanent staff will also be provided from the local region as far as possible in operation stage and contribution to the local economy will be made leastwise. IV.3.5. Social infrastructure services in the region (education, health, cultural services and the benfeciation situation from such services) Education In Aydın Province there are 445 primary school, 98 high schools and the equivalents. For preschool education; in 33 private infants schools 2.307 students are educated in 131 class rooms while 6.684 students are educated inside 363 public primary school buildings for preschools by 326 staffed teachers. In the province in a total of 473 primary schools 117.745 students are educated by 6.175 teachers in 5.017 class rooms. In the 98 high schools and the equivalents 43.009 students are educated by 3.267 teachers in 1.709 class rooms. In formal education institutions 169.745 students are educated by 9.768 staffed teachers in 8.778 class rooms. In the 10 informal education center 4.171 students are educated by 144 teachers in 49 class rooms. The total number of the formal and informal education centres are 611 and 173.916 students are educated by 9.912 teachers in 8.827 class rooms (Rfr. Table IV.3.5.1.) Table IV.3.5.1. Aydın Province, The Types and Numbers of the Primary and High Schools High school Primary Education Anatolian Regular and District and ve Multi- Science Vocational Private Public Private Anatolian Program Vocational Central 5 1 7 6 68 4 Bozdoğan 1 1 1 38 Buharkent 1 8 Çine 2 2 5 33 Didim 3 1 13 1 Germencik 2 2 23 İncirliova 3 1 22 Karacasu 1 1 1 15 Karpuzlu 1 11 Koçarlı 1 1 22 Köşk 1 1 22 Kuşadası 4 5 1 1 20 1 Kuyucak 3 1 20 Nazilli 1 5 5 2 53 2 121 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT High school Primary Education Anatolian Regular and District and ve Multi- Science Vocational Private Public Private Anatolian Program Vocational Söke 3 4 5 42 1 Sultanhisar 1 1 1 14 Yenipazar 1 12 Total 31 1 35 26 5 436 9 Source: Data of Aydın Provincial Directorate of National Education, 2010 In Aydın Province the undergraduate study is only be given at Adnan Menderes University. Adnan Menderes University, which launched it educating activities on 03.07.1992, has become an education training and science institution with 25 departments in 18 years. In this university there are 6 Faculties, 3 institutes, 4 Colleges, 15 Vocational Schools. In 20092010 academic year there were a total of 1.863 personnel (1.055 academicals, 808 administrative) and 24.427 students in the university. Health According to the 2010 census the population of Aydın Province is 989.862. The 59,50% of the population (588.968 people) lives in the cities while 40,50% (400.894 people) lives in rural areas and there are 124 people living per square meter in the province. In Aydın Province, there are 18 health care personnel per ten thousand people in the medical institutions that are connected to the Ministry of Health and when the whole public and private establishments are considered 25 health care personnel works for each ten thousand people. According to the world average this value is 36 and the Turkey’s average is 26. In the overall province there are 11 Public Hospitals, 1 University Based Research and Application Hospitals and 4 Private Hospitals giving medical service. The medical establishments that are located in Aydın Province and their number of beds are presented in Table IV.3.5.2. Table IV.3.5.2. The Medical Establishments Located in Aydın Province Center and the Districts and Their Bed Numbers HOSPITALS NUMBERS OF BEDS Adnan Menderes University Hospital 455 Aydın Public Hospital 646 Atatürk Public Hospital 295 Nazilli Public Hospital 405 Çine Public Hospital 64 Germencik Public Hospital 25 Söke Fehime Faik Kocagöz Public Hospital 245 Kuşadası Public Hospital 65 Didim Public Hospital 50 Private BSK Anka Hospital 57 Private Nysa Maternity Hospital 14 Private Aydın Eye Hospital 10 Private Kuşadası Hospital 38 Private Universal Hospital (Regulatory Affairs continuing) Private Şifa Hospital (Regulatory Affairs continuing) DISTRICT HOSPITALS Karacasu District Hospital 5 Buharkent District Hospital 5 122 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT HOSPITALS NUMBERS OF BEDS Adnan Menderes University Hospital 455 Bozdoğan Rasim Menteşe District Hospital 10 TOTAL 2389 Source: Aydın Province Environmental Status Report, 2010 According to the District Directorate of Infectious Diseases existing within the body of Provincial Directorate of Health all the statistics and documentation of the infectious diseases, vaccination works and their follow ups are carried out. The data related to the diseases that whose notification is mandatory, is presented in Table IV.3.5.3. Table IV.3.5.3. Aydın Province, Incident, Potential Incident and Fatality Numbers related to the Diseases Whose Notification is Mandatory DISEASES INCIDENT POTENTIAL INCIDENT FATALITY Measles 18 Hepatitis A 9 Hepatitis B 10 1 M.Meningitis 1 Rubella 4 Mumps 78 3 Tuberculosis 173 Brucellos 15 3 Typhoid Aleppo Boil 19 Acute Bloody Diarrhoea 54 Anthrax Pertussis 8 Source: Aydın Provincial Directorate of Health Data, 2009 In accordance with the performed investigations, observations and surveys in the region, any endemic disease was nor found. However, there are tuberculosis control, cancer early diagnosis and screening, hemoglobinopathy diagnosis departments in the province. In controlling the tuberculosis determination and follow up the patients is the most vital issue. For this reason the occurrences diagnosed by the Tuberculosis Control Dispensaries should be notified to the community health centres at once. This way both permanent and temporary patients will be followed up. Cultural Activities Ever since the archaic ages Aydın Province has been an important centre of population, which attracts attention with its natural beauty. Its original ecological structure was defined with “Oil flows from its mountains, honey flows from its plains” phrase. In Aydın, from Tralles Ancient Settlement, which gives to city its name, to Seljuk – Aydinids Settlements, the settlement – population relations has been always quite intense and it has also been an important cultural center. In the region so many people renowned in philosophy and art were raised, such as Thales, Anaksimandros, Anaksimenes, Hekataios, Hippodamos, İsidoros. Although the distinct history of Aydın Province is not known, the prehistorical traces show us that the city founded in the ages when the mankind adopted the sedentary life. 123 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Aydın is one of the rare locations in the world, which has hosted many civilizations throughout history and bears traces of many civilizations. It is actually a kind of open museum of the various cultural richness from different eras of the history. There has been hand tools found in the archaeological sites giving us clues about how and where the first people settled on these lands with a history up to 7000 B.C. According to the archaeological findings, the rural culture of 5000 B.C. transformed into the culture of city states in about 3000 B.C. The new arrivals started to establish new civilisations after 2000 B.C. and contributed to Anatolian Culture. Aydın Province, beside holding historical, cultural and natural heritages in its boundaries, is settled in the middle of Western Anatolian Region, where the tourism activities are most intense. Furthermore, belonging the most important maritime border crossing for tourism, has made the province one of the developed locations in this sector. IV.3.6. Urban and Rural Land Usages (distribution of the residential areas, current and planned usage areas, in this scope industrial zones, dwellings, tourism zones etc.), For the 162,6 MWe capacity Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project that is planned to be established by Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Elektrik Üretim A.Ş., approximately 108.260 m2 area will be used in Aydın Province, Germencik and Incirliova Districts. In the Aydın Province the distribution of the usages of the project land are this way; 395.494 ha area cultural lands, 319.177 ha area forest land, 24.705 ha area meadow pasture land, 78.253 ha area nonagricultural land, 14.271 he area lake and marshes (Rfr. Table IV.3.6.1.) Table IV.3.6.1. Aydın Province Cultural Land Usages RATIO TO USAGES OF CULTURAL LANDS AREA (ha) RATIO TO TOTAL AREA (%) CULTURAL LAND (%) Olive Grove and Orchard 201.888 51 24,3 Citrus fruit orchard e 5.366 1,4 0,6 Vineyard 1.754 0,4 0,2 Crop 70.477 17,8 8,5 Industrial plants 47.305 12 5,7 Forage Plants 35.670 9 4,3 Vegetable Farming 10.769 2,7 1,3 Other Areas 22.265 5,6 2,7 TOTAL 395.494 100 48 Source: Aydın Province Environmental Status Report, 2010 The project area is currently in the class of agricultural land and there are cultivated lands at some places. Besides, according to the Land Asset Map, presented in the appendices, it is classified as 1. Class Irrigated Agricultural Land. The project area was defined as agricultural land in the 1/100.000 scaled Aydın MuğlaDenizli Planning Region Environment Plan. IV.3.7. Other Features. These isn’t any other issue to be addressed in this section. 124 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT SECTION V IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE AREA DEFINED IN CHAPTER IV AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN (**) In this section; the effects of the project on physical and biological environment, legal, administrative and technical measures to be taken to prevent, minimize and improve these effects are explained in detail in separate headings as V.1. and V.2.) BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT BÖLÜM V: IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE AREA DEFINED IN CHAPTER IV AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN (**) V.1. Projects in land preparation, construction and operation stage, the effecs on physical and biological environment and measures to be taken First significant effect of geothermal facilities on environment occurs during drilling. Installation of drilling equipment requires roads to access well site and infrastructure around the well. There are 300500 m2 (for a small drill rig, max. depth of 300700 m) and 12001500 m2 (for mediumbig drill rig, max. depth of 2000 m) area needed. Performed activities could change surface morphology and give harm to local flora and fauna. It is required to prevent mixing of drilling fluids with ground water while passing through potential aquifers. Other problems emerged during drilling and tests are noise pollution and emission of unwanted gases to atmosphere during these activities. The mud used in drilling should be cleared and separated from the liquid after use since it is harmful to environment. Solid materials extracted during drilling should be stored in special waste tanks or pools. When drilling is terminated, the damage given to environment ends, it is not continuous. (Solstice Homepage, 2000). Installation of pipelines that is second stage after drilling and in that geothermal fluid is carried through also affects surface morphology and flora and fauna elements. Besides, in some regions the scene of pipelines distorted the panorama. However in some regions especially in Larderello, Italy; pipeline has become a part of panorama and is used to attract tourist attention (Dickson and Fanelli, 1990; Barbier, 1997). The environmental effects formed due to electricity generation using geothermal resources can be roughly classified as; Degradation of ecosystem during drilling The risk of contamination of water and soil with geothermal fluid along with well drilling CO2 and H2S emissions during operation of the plant Collapse risk of the land due to extraction of geothermal fluid. The most important pollutant gases when looked in environmental perspective could be given as; Carbon dioxide (CO2, generally most important component) Hydrogen sulphite (H2S) Ammoniac (NH3) Mercury (Hg) Boric Acid (H3BO3). Gas wastes could contain hydrocarbons like methane or ethane and radon; however harmful effects of these compounds on environment are relatively low. Environmental effects could be minimized by providing concentrations of gas pollutants in the air not exceeding national and international air quality standards. Concentrations of gas pollutants in the air should be measured on a regular basis. These measurements should be an integral part of wide range environmental measurement program. If air quality has started exceeding determined quantities or shows a tendency to start, operation conditions could be forced to be changed. 125 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Condenser operations should be developed or some interim processes should be added in order to remove pollutant gases like H2S away from gas emission. Secondary effects of gas pollutants on surface water and soil are generally not considered in air quality standards. For example, products or vegetation could encounter harms of pollutants via dry or wet precipitation from as rain from atmosphere. Standards determining air quality only consider direct affection by air inhalation. Also it is assumed that continental natural life and deposition have a certain tolerance to gas pollutants in most situations (Badruk, 2003). B and As are the most important pollutants causing environmental problems and pollution in geothermal waters. Arsenic could easily be transferred into hot water by oxidation of pyrite, iron, copper shale and phosphorous rocks (Gemici, Tarcan; 2002). Therefore As in hot water gives results higher than drinking water standards in some regions. It is determined that there is As present in relatively higher than the standards in some geothermal zones in Aegean Region in the studies conducted about this subject (Gemici, Tarcan; 2004). Arsenic content being over standards in drinking and using water have toxic effects for livings in ecosystem (TSE266, EPA, 2001). In case of arsenic being relatively higher in irrigation water, it transfers into the body of the plant and is deposited as inorganic arsenic and causes dying of the plants (Badruk, 2003). Boron, especially dangerous for irrigation water, is one of mostly found pollutants in hot waters. Boron has different forms according to pH value of water. It is found as B(OH)3 in acidic waters and as B(OH)4 in basic waters (Barth, 2000). High boron concentration in drinking water has adverse effects on plants. It reduces porosity of soil especially in irrigation water and causes dying of the plant by preventing plant roots from getting air. 3 mg/L is accepted as upper limit of boron content in irrigation water of resistant plants (EPA, 2001). The subjects drawn attentions above are deeply discussed and the measures to be taken are defined in subtopics of section V.1. of the report. When these are applied and when geothermal plants currently operating in that region are also considered, the pressure on the environment comes to negligible levels. V.1.1. In the scope of operation for land preparation, where and in how much area the excavation work will be done, excavation amount, materials to be used in excavation, explosive materials, if available information about blasting, impacts and measures taken, where excess excavation soil, rock, sand etc. will be transported, where they will be stored or in what purpose they will be used, coordinates, properties of excavation dump site and planning and pestoration plan of excavation material with 1/1000 scale plan and cross-section views, assents to be taken and properties of temporary storage area, It is planned to construct and generate electricity by all facilities related to construction site, power house, switchyard, auxiliary systems like steam turbine, generator, binary plant, heat exchanger system, condenser system, noncondensing gas discharge system, circulating water system, cooling water system, the units like wastewater treatment plant power plant instrument and control systems, production and injection system in the scope of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project in all units. Project site is a flat area; and there will be excavation where powerhouse will be established. The topsoil (12.115 m3 in total) on project area (Unit1 Flash + Unit2 Binary + Unit3 Binary + Unit4 Binary + Unit5 Binary) will be scraped before excavation work starts and it will be laid on suitable sections of land used in accordance with the techniques. It will be stored in an area with height of not exceeding 2 m and in a way 126 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT providing right oxygen circulation within the soil. There will be no operations for surface soil in rainy days; scraped soil will not be stored in water bodies. Excavation materials obtained during land preparation and construction operations for units and auxiliary units to be established in the scope of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project will be used in filling operations, land grading and landscaping operations. The control measures stated below will be taken in accordance with Regulation on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Debris Waste during excavation operations of socalled project. - Excavation soil excluding topsoil will primarily be used for daily cover and similar purposes in filling, recreation and solid waste disposal sites; wastes that are not likely to be used will be transferred to excess excavation materials storage site. - Topsoil will be excavated as separated from subsoil and will separately be piled up in excess excavation materials storage site in order to reuse later by excavating according to depth and structure. - It will be provided that the slope of the land to store topsoil will not be greater than 5% in order to prevent possible losses during storage period of topsoil and to preserve quality of the soil. - In case of keeping topsoil exposed for long time; it will be provided to cover the surface with rapidgrowing plants. - Topsoil excavated separately will be reused during land levelling and rehabilitation operations. - It will be tried to be utilized primarily in operation sites as equating filling volumes with quantity of soil to be excavated during excavation operations. - The most suitable stack and dump dimensioning will be done in order to prevent ground and body movements like seating, collapsing and sliding possible to occur in excess excavation material storage areas. It will be acted in accordance with the terms stated below during rehabilitation operations to be done. A natural view will be gained as the result of rehabilitation works. The use of new area or structure emerging as the result of application of the project will be in a total harmony with local environmental conditions and will provide an indisputably safe environment for all livings. There will be no step higher than 3 m and ladder narrower than 5 m in areas open to people’s roaming. It will be covered with top cover soil and afforested depending on vegetation studies considering the area. 127 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT It will be acted in accordance with the terms of “Regulation on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Debris Waste” enacted by Official Gazette No: 25406 published on 18.03.2004 in all excavation operations. Additionally, it will be acted in accordance with the terms of “Regulation on Control of Soil Pollution and Regulation concerning Point Source Polluted Lands” enacted by Official Gazette numbered 27605 published on 08.06.2010 during the operations to be done. Possible troubles in construction stage in application of terms of Regulation on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Debris Waste (land structure, climatic conditions, landslide, flood, overflows etc.) will be removed immediately without affecting aquatic fauna life and water quality in habitat and unnecessary actions possibly causing continuous turbidity in watercourses and side branches will be avoided and the terms of laws and regulations in this scope will be obeyed. V.1.2. Transportation, storage and usage of flammable, explosive, hazardous, toxic and chemical ones among the materials to be used in land preparation and also construction, and tools and equipment to be used for these operations It is planned to use main tools and equipment like dozers, loaders, excavators, vibrating rollers, trucks, generators, concrete pumps during excavation operations carried out in land preparation and construction stages of the project. Besides, flammable, explosive and dangerous materials will not be used during excavation operations in land preparation and construction stage of the project. V.1.3. Transportation infrastructure plan in the scope of project, distances of project site to highways and railways, connection roads to highways, measures to be taken for not damaging current roads to be used for transportation and measures to be taken in terms of traffic safety, operation concerning the construction of transportation infrastructure, properties of newly constructed roads; materials, chemical materials, vehicles and machinery to be used; dust emitting mechanical operations like crushing, grinding, transportation and storage, vehicle payload, type and number, calculation of increase, maps (assents, permits to be taken in this context) The distances between powerhouses of socalled project and D550 Highway and Turkish State Railways are given in Table V.1.3.1. D550 Highway and available roads will be intensely used during land preparation and construction stages and operation stage of the project. Table V.1.3.1. Distances of Units to Highways and Railways Power Plant Areas Settlement Area Direction Distance (m) Unit-1+ Unit-2 Binary İzmirAydın Highway North 200 Unit-1+ Unit-2 Binary TCDD North 210 Unit-3 Binary İzmirAydın Highway South 400 Unit-3 Binary TCDD South 410 If there are any alterations in the roads reaching to the project area caused by project operations, repairs of altered parts will be performed by investor. 128 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT In case of crosswise or lengthwise passages in state roads concerning the facilities constructed around State Road No: 55012 K. Kes.; necessary permits will be taken from General Directorate of Highways 2. Regional Directorate by making an application. In case of crosswise or lengthwise passages in the scope of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project, referring to 3. Clause of 18. Article of “The Law on Organization and Duties of General Directorate of Highways No: 6001”, a protocol will be made by applying to General Directorate of Highways 2. Regional Directorate together with detailed projects to be prepared. All transportation in the scope of the project will be done through available roads and facility entranceexits will be provided available crossroads. In case of constructing a connection road it is applied for passage way permit license to General Directorate of Highways 2. Regional Directorate and any junctions will not be arranged in order to connect related section to the road. Additionally, a separate permit will be received for highway connection passage way as stated in the formal opinion of General Directorate of Highways 2. Regional Directorate in App1. Highway Traffic Law No: 2918 and all laws and regulations published in context of this law and the terms of “The Regulation on Facilities to be Established and Opened near Highways” in force depending on these will be complied. The terms of “The Regulation on Facilities to be Established and Opened near Highways” and allowances of demarcation of Highway Expropriation in land planning concerning all facilities and buildings in the scope of the project will be obeyed. Additionally assent will be received from General Directorate of Highways 2. Regional Directorate before structuring. In case of any damage to highways during material transportation in construction and operation stage, all damages will be compensated by investor firm in the frame of the protocol to be done with General Directorate of Highways 2. Regional Directorate. In case of usage of highways in construction and operation stage of the project, it will be worked in accordance with the terms of Highway Traffic Law No: 2918 and related regulations depending on this law. It is not in question to transport dangerous materials in the scope of the project. However; transportation of dangerous materials comes into question, the terms of “Regulation on Transport of Dangerous Goods in Highways” No: 26479 published and enacted in 31.03.2007 will be obeyed. The road route illustrated in Figure V.1.3.1., Figure V.1.3.2., Figure V.1.3.3. and Figure V.1.3.4. below between D550 Highway and the powerhouses will intensely and primarily be used in land preparation and construction stage and operation stage of the project. 129 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT D550 HIGHWAY LICENSE AREA BORDER LINE D550-Existing Road connecting to the State Highway Unit-1 Flash + Unit 2 Binary Powerhouse Area Figure V.1.3.1. Map of Connections of State Highways in Unit 1 Flash + Unit 2 Binary Area Source: Google Earth 130 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT LICENSE AREA BORDER Unit 3 Binary Powerhouse Area HIDIRBEYLİ VILLAGE ROAD D550 HIGHWAY Figure V.1.3.2. Map of Connections of State Highways in Unit 3 Binary Area 131 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT D550 HIGHWAY Turanlar Village Road Unit-4 Binary Powerhouse Area Figure V. 1.3.3. Map of Connections of State Highways in Unit 4 Binary Area 132 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT D550 HIGHWAY SINIRTEKE VILLAGE ROAD Unit-5 Binary Powerhouse Area Figure V.1.3.4. Map of Connections of State Highways in Unit 5 Binary Area Passage of a total of 9.703 vehicles as 6.544 automobiles, 649 medium commercial vehicles, 421 buses, 1275 trucks, 814 trucks+trailers are observed according to annual average daily traffic values in D550 State Highway to be used in the scope of the project as stated below and in the last published report (for 2010) of Annual Average Daily Traffic Values and Transportation Data according to Traffic Sections of Highways and State Roads annually published by Branch Office of Transportation and Cost Etudes of Department of Strategy Development, General Directorate of Highways that is affiliated of The Ministry of Transportation. 133 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure V.1.3.5. Traffic Load Map of Aydın Region Motorway and State Highways 134 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V.1.3.2. The Closest Data of Mobile Station of Vehicle Count and Classification Station to Project Area Additional Vehicle Vehicle Mobile Vehicle Number Payload in Number in Number in Vehicle Count in scope of scope of scope of scope of and Project (daily) project (%) Project (daily) Project (%) Classification (Construction) (Construction) (Operational) (Operational) Automobiles 4256 20 0,46 30 0,69 Medium Commercial Vehicles 756 10 1,30 2 0,26 Buses 77 Trucks 842 5 0,59 2 0,23 Trucks + Trailer, Trailer + 282 Semi Trailer TOTAL 6213 35 2,35 34 1,18 Source: Traffic Volume Map of 2010 In the scope of the project it is anticipated that there will be approximately 20 automobiles, 10 medium commercial vehicles and 5 trucks passing into project site. In operation stage while all facilities are in operation, it is expected that there will be 30 automobiles, 2 medium commercial vehicles and 2 trucks enteringexiting the project site. When these numbers of vehicles are considered, it is concluded that there will not be any significant increase in average daily traffic values of the year 2010 (Rfr. Table V.1.3.2.). All transportation will be done through available roads, entrances and exits will be provided through available junction points, application will be filed to 2. Regional Directorate of Highways for permit license and any junction points will not be arranged in order to provide connection to highways in related sections of the road in the scope of the project. Additionally, as it is indicated in the formal opinion 2. Regional Directorate of Highways presented in App1.3, functionality of the culverts will be preserved and there will not be any damage to them. It will be paid attention that supplies in the scope of the project will be provided in rotations, the vehicles needing service will be taken into maintenance by making routine control of all equipment and vehicles to be used, and spare vehicles will be used in operations until the maintenance of vehicles is completed, loadinghauling operations will be done especially suitable to loading standards. In case of any damage to roads, all damages will be compensated by investor company in the frame of the protocol to be signed with 2. Regional Directorate of Highways. Additionally, all precautions in terms of traffic safety in entrances and exits to roads and in all stages of socalled project will be taken by the investor company in accordance with the opinions of 2. Regional Directorate of Highways. In all stages of the project works will be performed in compliance with the terms of Highways Traffic Law and related regulations. In the scope of the project there won’t be any transportation of dangerous materials. However; if any dangerous materials need to be transported, the terms of “Regulation on Transport of Dangerous Goods in Highways” No: 26479 published and enacted on 31.03.2007 will be complied. 135 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Impacts on Air Quality (Dust Emitting Operations) There will be dust emission due to excavationfilling operations of powerhouse building and landscaping within the project site in land preparation and construction stages. Dust emissions are calculated by using emission factors used in calculation of possible dust emissions given in “Emission Factors to be used İn Mass Flow Calculations of Dust Emissions” Table 12.6 of Appendix 12 of “Regulation on Control of Industrial Air Pollution” enacted by he Official Gazette numbered 27277 published on 03.07.2009 (Controlled emission factors are used in calculations by assuming that all operations will be done in controlled manners.) and evaluations will be done in the frame of IBAPCR. It is planned to complete construction works to be done in the scope of the project within 24 months by working 25 days in a month and 10 hours in a day. Most adverse conditions are considered in the performed dust calculations and it is assumed that all operations are carried out simultaneously. Material density is taken as 1,6 ton/m3 during excavation operations. “Emission Factors to be used İn Mass Flow Calculations of Dust Emissions” Table 12.6 of Appendix 12 of “Regulation on Control of Industrial Air Pollution” enacted by the Official Gazette numbered 27277 published on 03.07.2009 (Controlled emission factors are used in calculations by assuming that all operations will be done in controlled manners.) are used in calculations as emission factors and evaluations will be done in the frame of IBAPCR. Table 12.6 Emission Factors to be used İn Mass Flow Calculations of Dust Emissions are presented in Table V.1.3.3. Table V.1.3.3. Emission Factors to be used İn Mass Flow Calculations of Dust Emissions IBAPCR (Table 12.6) EMISSION FACTOR kg/ton PROCEDURE Uncontrolled Controlled Excavation of Materials 0,025 0,0125 Loading of Materials 0,01 0,005 Transportation of Materials (Round Trip) 0,7 0,35 Dumping of Materials 0,01 0,005 Storage of Materials 5,8 kg/ha.day 2,9 kg/ha.day Primary Crusher 0,243 0,0243 Secondary Crusher 0,585 0,0585 Tertiary Crusher 0,585 0,0585 Source: www.cedgm.gov.tr In land preparation and construction operations there will be a total 2,75 m deep excavation as 0,25 m for topsoil and 2, 50 m for subsoil. Unit-1 + Unit-2 Binary ; 27.115 m2 x 2,5 m = 67.787,5 m3 excavation waste, 27.115 m2 x 0,25 m =6.778,7 m3 topsoil will be excavated. Excavation of Material (Uncontrolled ; 0,025 kg/ton, Controlled; 0,0125 kg/ton) Excavation work to be done in Project Unit1 + Unit2 Binary Areas (Excavation Amount = 67.787,5 m3 x 1.6 ton/m3=108.460,64 tons); 136 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Uncontrolled Dust Emission = [108.461 tons x 0,025 kg/ton] / [30 months x (250 hours/month)] E1= 0,362 kg/hour Controlled = [187.840 tons x 0,0125 kg/ton]/[30 months x (250 hours/month)] E1= 0,181 kg/hour, Unit-3 Binary ; 7.115 m2 x 2,5 m = 17.787,5 m3 Excavation waste, 7.115 m2 x 0,25 m =1.778,75 m3 topsoil will be excavated. Excavation of Material (Uncontrolled; 0,025 kg/ton, Controlled; 0,0125 kg/ton) Excavation work to be done in Project Unit3 Binary area (Excavation Amount = 17.787,5 m3 x 1.6 ton/m3=28.640 tons); Uncontrolled Dust Emission = [ 28.640 tons x 0,025 kg/ton] / [30 month x (250 hours/month)] E2 = 0,09 kg/hour Controlled = [187.840 tons x 0,0125 kg/ton] / [30 months x (250 hours/month)] E2= 0,047 kg/hour Unit-4 Binary ; 7.115 m2 x 2,5 m = 17.787,5 m3 excavation waste, 7.115 m2 x 0,25 m =1.778,75 m3 topsoil will be excavated. Excavation of Material (Uncontrolled; 0,025 kg/ton, Controlled; 0,0125 kg/ton) Excavation work to be done in Project Unit3 Binary area (Excavation Amount = 17.787,5 m3 x 1.6 ton/m3=28.640 ton); Uncontrolled Dust Emission = [ 28.640 tons x 0,025 kg/ton] / [30 months x (250 hour/month)] E3 = 0,09 kg/hour Controlled = [187.840 tons x 0,0125 kg/ton] / [30 months x (250 hour/month)] E3= 0,047 kg/hour 137 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Unit-5 Binary ; 7.115 m2 x 2,5 m = 17.787,5 m3 excavation waste, 7.115 m2 x 0,25 m =1.778,75 m3 topsoil will be excavated. Excavation of Material (Uncontrolled ; 0,025 kg/ton, Controlled; 0,0125 kg/ton) Excavation work to be done in Project Unit3 Binary area (Excavation Amount = 17.787,5 m3 x 1.6 ton/m3=28.640 tons); Uncontrolled Dust Emission = [ 28.640 tons x 0,025 kg/ton] / [30 months x (250 hours/month)] E4 = 0,09 kg/hour Controlled = [187.840 tons x 0,0125 kg/ton] / [30 months x (250 hours/month)] E4= 0,047 kg/hour Excavation amounts to be generated in the scope of the project (Unit-1 + Unit-2 Binary, Unit-3 Binary, Unit-4 Binary, Unit-5 Binary) are calculated as 121.150 m3. Excavation materials to be excavated in powerhouse areas will be used in filling operations in construction works, land levelling and landscaping operations. Excavation of Material (Uncontrolled ; 0,025 kg/ton, Controlled; 0,0125 kg/ton) Excavation Amounts to be done throughout the project are calculated as; Uncontrolled Dust Emission = [ E1+ E2+ E3+ E4] =[ 0,362 kg/hour + 0,09 kg/hour + 0,09 kg/hour + 0,09 kg/hour] = 0,632 kg/hour Controlled Dust Emission = [ E1+ E2+ E3+ E4] =[ 0,181 kg/hour + 0,047 kg/hour + 0,047 kg/hour + 0,047 kg/hour] = 0,322 kg/hour. Results and Evaluation It is stated in Appendix 2 of “Industrial Based Air Pollution Control Regulation” No: 27277 published and enacted on 03.07.2009 that “If dust emissions with the exception of the places like chimneys are smaller than 1 kg/hour, it is unnecessary to determine the values representing air pollutions, air quality values obtained by measurements, contribution values to air pollution obtained by calculations and total pollution values represented by these values.” 138 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Emissions to be formed due to vehicles used in construction operations are at quite low quantities; therefore emissions from vehicles will not create any adverse effects on current air quality. In order to minimize emissions due to operations of the vehicles in construction stage, all of the equipment and vehicles will be subjected to routine controls and the vehicles that need to be serviced will be taken maintenance. Spare vehicles will be used in operations until the maintenances is completed. In the scope of land preparation and construction when extraction of excavations works are done at the same time (worst case scenario) are considered the dust emission to be formed is calculated above and total dust emission is found as 0,632 kg/hour. Therefore, as it is stated in Appendix 2 of “Industrial Based Air Pollution Control Regulation”, in case of exceeding pollutant mass flows for newly established plants stated in Table 2.1.; “Calculation of Contribution Value to Air Pollution” is not necessary by using a distribution model internationally accepted in examination area of the plant. The actions to be done in order to minimize dust emission in land preparation and construction stage of the project is presented below. The Precautions to be taken for Dust Emission In the scope of land preparation and construction works of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project dust emission occurs during the operations like excavation, filling and material transport in powerhouse building area. In order to minimize dust to be formed in the land, the terms to fulfill air quality standards concerning dusty piling stored outside mentioned in the Appendix (Appendix1) “Emission Limits for Plants subject to permit” of IBAPCR will be complied. In order to minimize the dust formation in the land necessary precautions will be taken, such as; filling and emptying without tossing at the source of the emission, improving the roads, covering the top portion of the dampers with canvas during material transportation and keeping the top layer of the material with 10% moisture. In order to minimize emissions due to vehicles operations in construction stage, in accordance with 7. Article of “Regulation on Control of Exhaust Gas Emission” enacted by Official Gazette No: 27190 published on 04.04.2009 the vehicles needing service will be taken into maintenance by making routine control of all equipment and vehicles and spare vehicles will be used in operations until the maintenances is completed. Additionally, it will be paid attention to do loadings suitable to loading standards especially warning in the subject of working in accordance with Traffic Law. 139 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT V.1.4. Possible effects on physical environment during drilling to be performed concerning the usage of geothermal resource, number of wells to be opened, information about how many of these will be used for reinjection purpose, installation of drilling equipment, roads to access well head and effects on surface morphology in this area and local plant cover and natural life and measures to be taken, Drill rig is set on an approximately 1.500 m2 wide area; this area is covered with concrete. The materials excavated out during drilling will be taken to resting pool constructed here on the area. Quite low quantity of excavation waste will form during opening drill holes. The excavation to be formed will be stored at the end point of the area. Besides a mud pool will be constructed to deposit mud waste that forms during drilling process. A portion of excavation will be used in filling the mud pool operation after finishing the drilling work. Excavation wastes that are not possible to be utilized will be disposed off by transporting to waste disposal sites of Germencik Municipality and/or İncirliova Municipality if present. Transportation in wellhead will be provided by improving the infrastructure of current cadastre roads; and there will be no adverse effects on present natural conditions. An infrastructure will be formed around the concrete area surrounding the well by stabilized filling. Topsoil will be scraped up to 25 cm before this infrastructure is constructed and mechanic material will be laid instead. After completion of the work, this mechanic material will be removed and topsoil will be relaid on the area. Therefore surface morphology would be maintained. Permit has been received for 4 wells in licensed area by Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. by August 2012. The tests of these wells have not been done due to being in irrigation period. For this reason there is information concerning wellhead temperature, flow rate, pressure and physicochemical analysis results available. However after the initiation of the tests necessary notifications will be made to related institution. The tests of MRE well previously opened in the license area had been done by MRE and the test report prepared by MRE is given in the appendices (Rfr. App16). V.1.5. Opening geothermal well and possible effects on ground water during construction of other units, measures to be taken while drilling through potential aquifers not to mix ground water with drilling fluids, When proper manufacturing are made the possibility of mixing of drilling fluid with ground water during construction of all units is not in question. Besides, drilling fluid forms an impermeable cake layer on the walls of the hole during drilling. Therefore there will be no collapse possibility in drill holes. In the scope of the project necessary precautions will be taken not to adversely affect cold groundwater aquifers. 140 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT V.1.6. Mud amount to be used in drilling, how to dispose off after use, operations to be done for purification and separation of this mud from fluid and measures to be taken, information concerning Overflow Protection Facility to be constructed on İl Creek, Bentonitebased drilling liquid will be used as drilling fluid during drilling operations. There will be TSIapproved natural bentonite, barite, caustic soda, some polymers and chemicals that are not harmful to environment used and this waste mud fluid will be collected in mud ponds to be constructed in the location. If there are hazardous wastes present after completion of drilling operation at the well, these will be disposed off in solid waste collection systems of related municipalities. It is anticipated that approximately 20 tons of bentonite and 20 tons of barite will be used for each well. The use of other drilling fluid additive materials not harmful to environment is relatively very low in quantity. Mud ponds with impermeable surfaces near well locations suitable to system for waste mud and geothermal fluid taken out during drilling operation will be constructed and waste will be disposed to this pond. The residual part of mud after evaporation of geothermal fluid will be used in backfiling of the mud ponds. There will be no interferences to watercourse of İl Creek (Çamurlu llıca) near the Unit3 Binary plant in the scope of socalled project. A of 5 m wide lane will be left near the creek course along with edge of the stream in order to be used for maintenancerepair works by SHW 21. Regional Directorate (Rfr. App10). In the scope of the project there will be no actions distorting the integrity of SHW Irrigation Project and spoiling the water quality. V.1.7. Operations concerning establishment of pipeline to be used in transportation of geothermal fluid and possible effects on surface and measures to be taken, The mentioned pipelines will be mounted and seated on the ground on the legs with minimum diameter of 90 cm in every 10 m in a manner not affecting SHW irrigation channels. The effect of these lines on land usage will be minimum since these lines will proceed along edges of the lands along cadastre roads and use maximum only 0,75 m2 area per 10 m. There will be necessary special passages constructed so that the passages of both pedestrians and animals will not be obstructed. Necessary permits will be taken from SHW 21. Regional Directorate for location selection of geothermal wells and pipelines before the project is initiated. V.1.8. Flood study of project area, where and how operations concerning flood prevention and drainage will be made, While there are no surface waters with regular flow passing through the planned powerhouse areas, surface waters in the region are located at a distance of 0.51.4 km. There are 56 m elevation difference between powerhouse and Çamurluılıca Creek passing at the immediate east of Efe3 power plant. Surface and ground waters in the region are taken under control by drainage and irrigation channels; and all are flowing into Büyük Menderes passing approximately 7 km southwards. Therefore, natural disasters except earthquakes like landslides, rock falls, avalanches, water floods are not expected in the project area. 141 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Additionally surface water drainage precautions will be taken around project area and surroundings not to affect project area during heavy precipitations and waste materials will not be poured on water courses around and there will be no actions on water courses. Excavation operations will be performed in dry season when the ground is not saturated with water so that building foundations not to be affected by surface waters and base levels of superstructures and drainage systems will be completed before rainy season. The systems concerning collection and drainage of waters due to precipitations will be dimensioned according to Highest Precipitation Rates Observed in Standard Times of Aydın Meteorological Station. It will be obeyed to the Ministry Circular concerning River Beds and Overflows No: 2006/27 in land preparation, construction and operation stage of the project. V.1.9. Operations to be performed to provide ground safety, A geotechnical study report has been prepared for Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant of whom EIA studies had been completed previously; located approximately 1.52 km north of the powerhouse areas on the same alluvial plains in the region. Therefore, a large section of the geotechnical study report conducted on close and same alluvial plains with planned powerhouse areas has nearly same geotechnical properties with project area. In the scope of mentioned geotechnical study report in order to determine geological and geotechnical parameters of the soil in the region, there are 6 soil investigation drillings with varying depths of 1520 m (totally 105 m) were opened at the site. Light brown colored, poorly graded medium gravelled, silted sand formation is cut in all drillings. Gravels are generally mediumcoarse grained, poorly sorted, round, medium rounded grained, and flat or semicornered in some places; and consist of gneiss, mica schist, several clay schist, quartzite and marbles of crystalline series. As the result of field (SPT) and laboratory tests conducted on samples taken during drillings and from drill cores the safe bearing value, qa is calculated as 2.18 kg/cm2 for alluvial ground. The foundation will be enforced by stabilized material that will provide stability against different settlements. Excavation operations in the area will be performed in dry season when the ground is not saturated with water for building foundations not to be affected by surface waters and base levels of superstructures and drainage systems will be completed before rainy season. Up to date there hasn’t been any “area subjected to disasters” decision taken by Ministry Cabinet in the region; there are no dangers of landslide, avalanche, and rock fall. Project area is located within 1. Degree Seismic Zone according to “Seismic Zones Map of Turkey” of Ministry of Public Works and Settlement. All construction operations in the scope of the project will be performed in accordance with the terms of “Regulation on Buildings to be Constructed in Disaster Zones” enacted by The Official Gazette No: 26511 and published on 03.05.2007 of T.R. Ministry of Public Works and Settlement. V.1.10. Dust emitting operations lilke crushing, grinding, washing, screening, transportation and storage during construction and cumulative values, The dust emitting operations like crushing, grinding, washing, screening and storage in construction stage of Efe Geothermal Power Plant (162,5 MWe) Project are detailed in Chapter V.1.3. 142 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT There will be no crushing, grinding, washing, screening and transportation operations in the scope of the project. V.1.11. The size of agricultural lands to be used in order to supply of lands necessary for land preparation and construction area, land use capabilties of these and types of agricultural products, informaton about non-agricultural use of agricultural lands, pasture lands, evaluation of the project in terms of Soil Protection and Land Use Law No: 5403, Pasture Law No: 4342, Aquaculrue Law No: 1380, (stating assents of Soil Protection Commission), A total area of 218.655 m2 is determined within the borders of Germencik and İncirliova Districts in Aydın, for 162,5 MWe Efe Geothermal Power Plant planned to be established by Burç Geothermal İnvestment Electricity Generation Co. and given in the Table V.1.11.1. Table V.1.11.1. Land Assets To Be Used In The Scope Of The Project Area Powerhouse Area District Vill./neig Locat. m2 Cropland In the scope of mentioned project assent for land use for nonagricultural purposes has been received in accordance with the terms of “Soil Protection and Land Use Law” No:5403 enacted by The Official Gazette No: 25880 and published on 19.07.2005. (Rfr. App1.2). Assents of the establishments will be taken in the scope of “Pasture Law” No: 4342, “Law concerning Improvement of Olive Farming and Grafting of Wildings” No: 3573 and “Aquaculture Law No: 1380 and Application Regulation” for Efe Geothermal Power Plant. 143 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Any actions will not be taken on olive grove with parcel no 1356 where Unit1 Flash + Unit2 Binary are located in the scope of the project. V.1.12. Types and numbers of trees to be cut in order to supply necessary land for land preparation and construction area, stand type, shading area, effects of cut trees on forest ecosystem in the region, necessary permits, assents, distance of project area to forests in case of outlying of one or more project units, assessment of impacts, measures to be taken, As it can be seen from the Figure V.1.12.1., Figure V.1.12.2., V.1.12.3. and V.1.12.2. below, there are no forested areas within the borders of the project. Characteristics of land belonging to mentioned areas are given in appendices (Rfr. App 1.4). Additionally, as it can be seen in Land Asset Map, the closest forestry land to project area is located at approximately 4 km northeast of Unit1 Flash + Unit2 Binary project area (Rfr. App5). Therefore the impacts are discussed in detail in flora and fauna section. Figure V.1.12.1. View Of Unit 1 Flash + Unit 2 Binary Plant Area 144 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure V.1.12.2. View Of Unit 3 Binary Plant Area Figure V.1.12.3. View Of Unit 4 Binary Plant Area 145 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure V.1.12.4. View Of Unit 5 Binary Plant Area V.1.13. Fuel types, properties to be used in operations starting from land preparation to opening of the units, measures to be taken against possible emissions, vapor and H2S values to be emitted to atmosphere and impacts, There will be fuel (diesel) usage in question due to vehicles to be used during land preparation and construction works of the project. Necessary fuel for socalled vehicles will be provided from the nearest fuel station to project site. Regular distribution of fuel to vehicles in certain periods by distribution vehicle of the station will be provided through a special agreement with fuel station. Therefore; no storage in project site is in question. The emission factors presented in Table V.1.13.1. are used in calculation of possible emissions due to vehicles to be used in operations from land preparation stage of project up to transition to operation stage. Table V.1.13.1. Emission Factors Sourcing from Diesel Vehicles (kg/ton) POLLUTER DIESEL Carbon monoxide 9,7 Hydrocarbons 29 Nitric Oxides 36 Sulphur Oxides 6,5 Dust 18 Source: Guidelines of Air Pollution and Control.1991 The vehicles to be used during land preparation and construction operations up to operation stage of the project are presented in the Table V.1.13.2. 146 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V.1.13.2. Machinery and Equipment to be used in Construction Operations Name of Machinery and Equipment Number Truck 3 Loader 1 Excavator 1 Concrete Pump 1 Crane 1 Generator 1 The maximum fuel amount that will be spent by construction equipment is approximately 30 l/hour, and mass flow calculations of equipment are given below. Density of Fuel is taken as 0,8654 kg/l. When hourly fuel consumptions of the equipment used are considered as 30 lt/hour; emission value to be formed by single equipment is calculated as below. It is found as 30 lt/hour x 0,8654 kg/lt = 25,95 kg/hour = 0,026 ton/hour. The gas emissions to be formed here are presented in Table V.1.13.3. Table V.1.13.3. Gas Emission Values Carbon monoxide 9,7 kg/ton x 0,026 ton/hour 0,252 kg/hour Hydrocarbons 29 kg/ton x 0,026 ton/hour 0,754 kg/hour Nitric Oxides 36 kg/ton x 0,026 ton/hour 0,936 kg/hour Sulphur Oxides 6,5 kg/ton x 0,026 ton/hour 0,169 kg/hour Dust 18 kg/ton x 0,026 ton/hour 0,468 kg/hour The vehicles needing service will be taken into maintenance by making routine control of all equipment and vehicles and spare vehicles will be used in operations until the maintenances finish in order minimizing emissions due to vehicles operations in construction stage, in accordance with 7. Article of “Regulation on Control of Exhaust Gas Emission” enacted by Official Gazette No: 27190 published on 04.04.2009. Additionally, it will be paid attention to do loadings suitable to loading standards especially warning in the subject of working in accordance with Traffic Law. The measurement results which are initiated in 2009 and still being continued in near surrounding of mentioned project are given in appendices, and H2S emission to atmosphere in construction stage of the project in not in question (Rfr. App8). V.1.14. Water supply system plan, from where will be supplied, types and amount of wastewater due to operations performed from land preparation to opening of the units, disposal methods, mediums to be discharged, illustration locations of wastewater lines and if present wastewater treatment plant on a plan, attachment of fosseptic plan into the report in case of collection of wastewaters, The places to use water, quantities, supply points, wastewater amounts and the manners of disposal of wastewater in land preparation and construction stages of the project are given in Table V.1.14.1. 147 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Tablo V.1.14.1. The places to use water, quantities, supply points, wastewater amounts and the manners of disposal of wastewater in land preparation and construction stages of the project WATER WASTE WATER USE QUANTITY SUPPLY WATER WASTEWATER DISPOSAL METHOD LOCATION QUANTITY Waste waters possible to form during construction stage of the project will be collected in sealed Drinking and sewage openings in accordance with “Regulation Using Water for 350 people x 200 on Openings to be constructed in Places unable 1 Drinking and Total 350 lt/peopleday to Construct Sewage System” No: 13873 on using water will 3 Personnel in Land =70.000 lt/people 70 m /day 19.03.1971 and will be treated in package be supplied by Preparation and day wastewater treatment plant to be established in tankers. Construction = 70 m3/day project area in tankers and it will be provided to Stages dispose into Alangülü Stream by discharging after taking necessary permits from related establishments. Moisturizing procedure by tankers to prevent Will be taken Approximately Waste water would not be generated since water dust formation in 3 from surface 5,00 m /day in the body of soil will stay in. village roads to be waters used and in operation region Note 1: It is assumed that whole water to be used returns as wastewater. Domestic wastewater generated in the scope the project can be characterized by the property of mediumpolluted domestic wastewater. Total pollution loads concerning characteristics of domestic wastewater generated according to literature knowledge that has been arisen due to longterm researches are presented in Table V.1.14.2. An assent for tankers to be used in transportation of drinking and using water of project to be used by working personnel in land preparation and construction stage of the project will be taken from Provincial Directorate of Health. The terms of Groundwater Law No: 167 and Regulation on Protection of Groundwater Against Pollution and Degradation will be obeyed in all stages of the project. Permit from SHW 21. Regional Directorate will be taken in case of usage of surface water in land preparation and operation stage. Table V.1.14.2. Total Pollutant Load of Domestic Waste Water to be formed in Land Preparation and Construction Stages Unit Load Total load PARAMETER (mg/l) (kg/h) BOD5 220 0,20625 COD 500 0,46875 SS 220 0,20625 Oilgrease 100 0,09375 Total P 8 0,0075 Total N 40 0,0375 Total Cl 50 0,046875 Total sulphur 30 0,028125 Total organic carbon 160 0,15 pH 69 Source: Metcalf and Eddy. (2004). Wastewater Engineering; Treatment, Disposal and Reuse, Mc Graw Hill Book Company, New York, ABD. 1 Regulation on Water for Personal Use 148 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Boron, especially has significant hazards in terms of agricultural production, are abundantly found in geothermal resources; therefore discharging geothermal resources into receiver environments like river, streams after use could adversely affect agricultural operations. A broad research concerning disposal methods of the geothermal fluids of whom energy are taken has been conducted by project owner, it is decided to apply “backfeeding of geothermal resource to reinjection wells after use” that is the most suitable alternative in environmental and economic terms. The operation of the project will be performed by applying reinjection. The facility will not get into operation without engaging reinjection application into circuit. It will be paid attention not to give damage to fresh water aquifers during both reinjection operations and production stage. During the operation stage in case the reinjection operation is failed or a failure condition occurs treatment of wastewaters to be given outer environment will be provided according to irrigation water criteria stated in “Regulation on Control of Water Pollution” and assents will be taken from SHW during taking discharge permit. The approval of package wastewater treatment plant to be established in the scope of the project will be done in the context of the Circular on Project Approvals of Wastewater Treatment Plants No: 2012/9. The plant will be engaged into operation simultaneously with the project. Cesspool plan to be opened in the scope of the project is given in appendices (Rfr. App13). All types of damages and harms occurring in the scope of the project will be compensated by facility owner. V.1.15 Types and amounts of solid wastes to be formed from land preparation to opening of the units, where to transport these wastes or for what purposes to use them, There will be excavation wastes due to excavation operations to be performed, domestic solid wastes due to the working personnel and construction wastes generated during land preparation and construction stages of the project. The information about excavation wastes to be formed during land preparation and construction stages of the project and utilization and disposal of these excavation wastes are presented in Section V.1.1. of this report in detail. The information about other wastes is presented below. Domestic Solid Wastes; There will be formation of wastes due to domestic solid wastes (organic wastes etc.) from 350 workers and wastes from construction works (wood, iron, cement paper etc.) in land preparation and construction stages. By the assumption: daily solid waste quantity due to one person is 1,28 kg(2); 350 people x 1,28 kg/day = 448 kg/day of domestic solid waste will be generated. 2 Kaynak: http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/Bolgesel/tabloOlustur.do 149 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Domestic solid wastes due to personnel, who will work in the project will be collected in closed containers located in several places throughout the area to be used as work sites. It is planned to dispose off these solid wastes collected in containers by giving them to solid waste collection system of Germencik Municipality which is the closest municipality to the project area. There will be lump iron, steel, packaging material and similar solid wastes due to land preparation and construction operations; a specific quantity cannot be determined since they show variations. However, the wastes will be stored in a suitable place in project area (in main construction site) by collecting the wastes as scrap and the wastes to be possible to recycle will be utilized and/or they will be delivered to licensed recycling companies. Metal lumps like iron, steel etc. that will emerge during land preparation operations will be stored in a structure with a leanto roof and provided with ground sealing to be established within construction site. Wastes impossible to recycle will be disposed off by giving them into solid waste collection system of related Municipality. Conclusively; As it is stated in 18. Article of “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes” enacted by the Official Gazette numbered 20814 and dated 14.03.1991 the workers will be warned about that it is forbidden to dispose off solid wastes (food wastes etc.) into seas, lakes and similar receiver environments and roads. And all actions will be in accordance with both this forbiddance and “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes” and amendments in this regulation enacted by Official Gazette numbered 20834 and dated 03.04.1991, Official Gazette numbered 21150 and dated 22.02.1992, Official Gazette numbered 22099 and dated 02.11.1994, Official Gazette numbered 23464 and dated 15.09.1998, Official Gazette numbered 23790 and dated 18.08.1999, Official Gazette numbered 24034 and dated 29.04.2000, Official Gazette numbered 24736 and dated 25.04.2002, Official Gazette numbered 25777 anda dated 05.04.2005. Packages and packaging wastes possible to form during construction stage of the project will be disposed in accordance with the terms of “Regulation on Control of Packaging Wastes” enacted by the Official Gazette No: 28035 published on 24.08.2011. Waste Oils and Accumulators; Maintenances and repairs of vehicles to be operated in the scope of the project will be carried out in authorized services and when this is not possible or maintenances and repairs are conducted within plant area, in case of formation of any waste oils; they will be given to recycling firms licensed in the scope of “Regulation on Control of Waste Oils” enacted by the Official Gazette numbered 26952 published on 30.07.2008 by collecting these oils in a closed and sealed metal container in order to prevent mixing of the oils with soil and/or water. In case of doing maintenance and repairs within construction site, they will be done in a structure with a leanto roof and provided with ground sealing and the terms of “Regulation on Control of Soil Pollution and Regulation concerning Point Source Polluted Lands” enacted by Official Gazette No: 27605 and published on 08.06.2010 will be followed during the operations. 150 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Besides, accumulators to be formed when the maintenances and repairs of the vehicles that will be used in the project area, will be kept in a closed medium provided with ground sealing within the project area and disposal will be provided by giving them to licensed recycling company in accordance with the terms of “Regulation on Control of Waste Batteries and Accumulators” enacted by Official Gazette No: 25569 and published on 31.08.2004 and “Amendment on Regulation on Control of Waste Batteries and Accumulators” enacted by the Official Gazette No: 25744 and published on 03.03.2005 and “Regulation on Amendment on Regulation on Control of Waste Batteries and Accumulators” enacted by the Official Gazette No: 27537 and published on 30.03.2010. Medical and Hazardous Wastes; A medical unit will be established for outpatient treatments in order to treat health problems of people who will work in land preparation and construction operations of the project. Although the wastes to be formed in medical unit could not be exactly determined, it is expected that the wastes will be in very low quantities. All medical wastes possible to form in medical unit will be collected in untearable, holeproof, explosionproof, transportable redcolored plastic bags made of original medium density polyethylene, leakproof raw material doublebase stiches, with double layer thickness of 100 microns, with minimum holding capacity of 10 kilograms and carrying the sign “International Biohazard” and “DANGER OF MEDICAL WASTE” in visible size and in both sides. The bags will be firmly closed by filling at most ¾ of their capacity and definite sealing will be provided inserting this bag into another bag with same properties. Wastes with cutting and sharpness properties will be collected separately from other medical wastes in holeproof, untearable, waterproof and leakproof, unbreakable and explosionproof, unopened and impossible to confuse, laminar or cartoon boxes or containers carrying same properties with the plastic bags carrying the sign “International Biohazard” and the sign “DANGER! CUTTING AND SHARP MEDICAL WASTE”. These collection containers will be filled at most in ¾ ratios and will be put in red plastic bags in closed manner. Cuttingsharp waste containers will absolutely not be squeezed, opened, emptied and recycled after filled. Medical wastes that will be stored temporarily in the scope of Regulation on Control of Medical Wastes will be delivered to medical waste collection systems of hospitals in Germencik, İncirliova districts and/or Aydın province. It will be acted in accordance with the liabilities stated in “Regulation on Control of Medical Wastes” enacted by Official Gazette No: 25833 and published on 22.07.2005, in temporary storage, transportation and disposal stages of medical wastes to be formed in the facility. Possible hazardous wastes to be formed during land preparation and construction stages of the project will be temporarily stored in continuously closed manner by providing not to engage in chemical reactions as stated in “Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes” enacted by Official Gazette No: 25755 and published on 14.03.2005. Temporarily stored hazardous wastes will be disposed by delivering firms licensed by Abrogated Ministry of Environment and Forestry. In this context; licensed vehicles will be used throughout temporary storage, transportation and disposal stages of these wastes and it will be acted in accordance with “Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes” enacted by Official Gazette No: 25755 and published on 14.03.2005. 151 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Other Wastes; Used vehicle tires could form due to vehicles to be used during land preparation and construction stages. It will be provided that endofuse tires possible to form in project area will be given to recycling companies and this will be performed in compliance with “Regulation on Control of Scrap Tires” enacted by Official Gazette No: 26357 and published on 25.11.2006. And in the disposal of waste vegetable oils to be formed in cafeteria to be used in the scope of the project the terms of “Regulation on Control of Waste Vegetable Oils” enacted by Official Gazette No: 25791 and published on 19.04.2005 obeyed. V.1.16. Noise and vibration sources and levels that may emerge due to operations to be done from land preparation to opening of the units, cumulative values, Any explosion operations are not in question since powerhouse buildings of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project will be constructed on flat areas. It is planned to use vehicles and equipment like trucks, loaders, excavators, concrete pumps, generators and cranes in land preparation and construction stage of the project. Machinery, vehicles and equipment to be operated in land preparation and construction stages in the scope of the project are presented in Table V.1.16.1. Table V.1.16.1.Machinery and Equipment to be used in Construction Operations NAME OF MACHINERY AND NUMBER EQUIPMENT Unit-1+Unit-2 Unit-3 Unit-4 Unit-5 Total Truck 3 2 2 2 9 Excavator 1 1 1 1 4 Crane 1 1 1 1 4 Generator 1 1 1 1 4 Concrete Pump 1 1 1 1 4 Mixer 1 1 1 1 4 Loader 1 1 1 1 4 SoundPLAN 6.5 software is utilized in determination of noise level to be formed during land preparation and construction stages of the project. The data concerning noise levels of vehicles and equipment to be chosen as source of noise in conducted calculations are provided from database available in the library of the software. In this context; the information concerning noise levels obtained from software library of SoundPLAN program belonging to the vehicles to be operated in land preparation and construction stages of the project is presented below. 1- Truck: neutral The total noise level of truck vehicle (Truck: neutral) chosen in SoundPLAN 6.5 software is 94 dBA and the distribution of this according to frequencies are presented in Figure V.1.16.1. 152 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure V.1.16.1. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Truck 2- Excavator (Trench Excavator) The total noise level of excavator vehicle (Excavator: Trench excavator) chosen in SoundPLAN 6.5 software is 105 dBA, and the distribution of this according to frequencies are presented in Figure V.1.16.2. Figure V.1.16.2. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Excavator 3- Crane (Construction Crane: < 32 kW) The total noise level of mobile crane vehicle (Construction crane: < 32 kW) chosen in SoundPLAN 6.5 software is 105,0 dBA, and the distribution of this according to frequencies are presented in Figure V.1.16.3. Figure V.1.16.3. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Crane 153 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT 4- Generator (Generator Set < 50 kW) The total noise level of generator vehicle (Generator set < 50 kW) chosen in SoundPLAN 6.5 software is 106,0 dBA, and the distribution of this according to frequencies are presented in Figure V.1.16.4. Figure V.1.16.4. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Generator 5- Concrete Pump (Concrete Mixer: concrete pump) The total noise level of concrete mixer vehicle (Concrete mixer: concrete pump) chosen in SoundPLAN 6.5 software is 109,0 dBA, and the distribution of this according to frequencies are presented in Figure V.1.16.5. Figure V.1.16.5. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Concrete Pump 6- Concrete Mixer (Concrete mixer: 150 – 500 l, mec.filling) The total noise level of concrete mixer vehicle (Concrete mixer: 150 – 500 l, mec. filling) chosen in SoundPLAN 6.5 software is 108,0 dBA, and the distribution of this according to frequencies are presented in Figure V.1.16.6. Figure V.1.16.6. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Concrete Mixer 154 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT 7- Loader (Loader: Wheeled Loader < 110 kW); The total noise level of loader vehicle (Loader: wheeled loader < 110 kW) chosen in SoundPLAN 6.5 software is 113,0 dBA, and the distribution of this according to frequencies are presented in Figure V.1.16.7. Figure V.1. 16.7. The Frequency Analysis of Noise Level of Loader The machinery and equipment given in the table will operate in an order; however, it is assumed that all vehicles to be operated in Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project areas will operate at the same time by taking the worst case scenario as a basis in noise calculations conducted. SoundPLAN 6.5 software is utilized in order to determine total noise level to be formed during land preparation and construction stages of the project. The data concerning noise levels of vehicles and equipment to be chosen as source of noise in conducted calculations are provided from database available in the library of the software. Firstly, elevation model of natural terrain directly affecting noise distribution has been constructed in the software. Elevation contours drawn with 10 m elevation intervals on topographical map with 1/25.000 scale have been digitized during reflection of natural ground into the software. After digitizing the elevations, Temporary DTM (digital terrain model) has been constructed in order to provide the software to capture digitized elevations. After construction of temporary DTM, the vehicles to be operated during land preparation stage are defined and the plant has been located within settlement area. The data is entered into the software with the assumption of simultaneous operation of all vehicles at the same spot during land preparation stage in the calculations conducted. As a result of these studies the calculation area where noise calculation will be conducted is defined and noise levels due to vehicles to be operated in this area are calculated. The definition data belonging to vehicles defined as a noise source in conducted calculations (coordinates, elevations and noise levels in different frequency intervals) are presented in Table V.1.16.2. 155 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V.1.16.2. Data Concerning Noise Sources SOURCE X Y Z Lw 63 125 250 Hz 500 Hz 1 kHz 2 kHz 4 kHz 8 kHz Truck1 553164,6 4193197 68,30 94 70,8 74,8 78,8 81,8 84,8 82,8 77,8 72,8 Truck 2 553223,9 4193149 68,08 94 70,8 74,8 78,8 81,8 84,8 82,8 77,8 72,8 Truck 3 556787,8 4191347 46,12 94 70,8 74,8 78,8 81,8 84,8 82,8 77,8 72,8 Truck 4 557081,3 4191284 46,69 94 70,8 74,8 78,8 81,8 84,8 82,8 77,8 72,8 Truck 5 556879,7 4191433 46,72 94 70,8 74,8 78,8 81,8 84,8 82,8 77,8 72,8 Truck 6 559130,1 4190238 44,25 94 70,8 74,8 78,8 81,8 84,8 82,8 77,8 72,8 Truck 7 559044,1 4190264 43,84 94 70,8 74,8 78,8 81,8 84,8 82,8 77,8 72,8 Truck 8 554202,4 4190656 43,00 94 70,8 74,8 78,8 81,8 84,8 82,8 77,8 72,8 Truck 9 554211,3 4190594 42,62 94 70,8 74,8 78,8 81,8 84,8 82,8 77,8 72,8 Excavator 1 554249,8 4190662 42,99 105 100,2 Excavator2 559097,4 4190273 44,31 105 100,2 Excavator 3 556930,1 4191329 46,09 105 100,2 Excavator 4 553209,1 4193188 68,44 105 100,2 Crane1 553170,6 4193161 67,92 105 100,2 Crane 2 556856,0 4191305 45,92 105 100,2 Crane 3 554217,2 4190700 43,26 105 100,2 Crane 4 559047,0 4190297 44,13 105 100,2 Generator1 559073,7 4190238 43,85 106 101,2 Generator 2 556953,8 4191281 45,92 106 101,2 Generator 3 554246,8 4190700 43,23 106 101,2 Generator 4 553244,7 4193117 67,81 106 101,2 Concrete Pump 553182,4 4193220 68,67 109 104,2 Concrete Pump 556870,8 4191364 46,30 109 104,2 Concrete Pump 554217,2 4190674 43,10 109 104,2 Concrete Pump 559073,7 4190297 44,32 109 104,2 Loader1 559130,1 4190270 44,47 113 108,2 Loader 2 557090,2 4191219 46,05 113 108,2 Loader 3 554166,8 4190700 43,31 113 108,2 Loader 4 553191,3 4193173 68,17 113 108,2 Mixer1 553223,9 4193170 68,32 108 103,2 Mixer2 556838,2 4191382 46,38 108 103,2 Mixer3 554229,1 4190629 42,81 108 103,2 Mixer4 559085,6 4190327 44,65 108 103,2 Construction of digital elevation data, program interface concerning transfer of project area and noise sources to geographical database and maps constructed as a result of noise level calculation conducted in calculation area, are given in appendices (Rfr. App14). As it can be understood from result of calculations and noise map given above, noise level due to vehicles to be operated in construction operations of the project rise at high values in regions that the vehicles operate. The calculations conducted by assuming that all vehicles to be operated in land preparation and construction stages are running at the same time and location. However simultaneous operation of all vehicles throughout construction stage will not be in question; the vehicles will operate in an order. Therefore relatively lower noise levels than the ones obtained by calculations are expected during land preparation and construction stages of the project. The environmental noise limit values for construction sites given in Table5 in AppendixVII of Regulation on Assessment and Management of Ambient Noise, enacted by Official Gazette No: 27061 published on 04.06.2010 are presented in Table V.1.16.3. Table V.1.16.3. Ambient Noise Limit Values for Construction Sites Type of Operation (Construction, demolition and repair) Ldaytime (dBA) Building 70 Road 75 Other Sources 70 156 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT When noise levels given in Table V.1.16.3. are compared with noise distribution stated in noise maps in App14; it can be seen that noise levels stays below the limit values stated in regulation in settlement areas. It is not in question of settlement areas being affected adversely from possible noise levels during land preparation and construction stages. The terms of Article 23 concerning “noise criteria for construction sites” stated in fourth section of “Regulation on Assessment and Management of Ambient Noise” will be obeyed and the vehicles, whose inspections, exhaust emission measurements and maintenances are duly performed, will be used. Necessary precautions in order to minimize noise formation will be taken by considering conditions to be obeyed in land vehicles stated in Article 9 of socalled regulation and the conditions to be obeyed in equipment used outdoors stated in Article 13 for the operations in the scope of the project. In order to protect the workers against the noise that will be created by the equipment during the construction stage and prevent the health and safety related risks (especially hearing related) caused by the exposure to the noise, necessary precautions will be taken in compliance with the “Noise Regulation” enacted by the Official Gazette No. 25325 published on 23.12.2003 will be observed, which was regulated according to the provisions of 78. Item of “Labour Law” No. 4857. During the construction works; hardhats, ear protectors (e.g. ear muffs, ear plugs) will be supplied to the workers who will work on equipment and machinery, hence they will not be effected against noise. This way, noise and vibration levels due to machinery and equipment will be reduced down to levels that are not bothering workers. Besides, noise and vibrations emitted to environment will be kept at minimum levels by catching up with the values anticipated by regulations. V.1.17. Operations concerning construction of energy transmission line between units, grounding prosedures in power lines, The location of Switch House of Efe Geothermal Power Plant will be located on Unit 1 + Unit2 locations 4 km Germencik district centrum, Aydın. The energy generated in Efe Geothermal Power Plant with 162,5 MW installed power will be connected to TEİAŞ 380/154 kV Germencik Transformer Station by an overhead line from 154 kV exit of Main Transformer with 154/31,5 kV 180/210 MVA power located in powerhouse unit in Unit1 Flash + Unit 2 Binary. The connection of power plant to national system will be realized as below with an energy transmission line (ETL) in this condition. 154 kV, single phase 4,5 km 3x1272 MCM Efe Geothermal Power Plant Germencik TM, Powerhouse units will be connected to 31,5 kV busbar of main transformer with 154/31,5 kV, 180/210 MVA power to be constructed on powerhouse sites of Burç Powerhouses with stepup transformers and with a) One ETL with 80/100 MVA by conductive with 0,25 km length and 31,5 kV 3x477 MCM for 11/33±2x%2,5 Unit1, b) One ETL with 25/35 MVA by conductive with 0,25 km length and 31,5 kV 3x477 MCM for 11/33±2x%2,5 Unit 2, 157 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT c) One ETL with 25/35 MVA by conductive with 7 km 31,5 kV 3x477 MCM for 11/33±2x%2,5 Unit3, d) One ETL with 25/35 MVA by conductive with 3,5 km length and 31,5 kV 3x477 MCM for 11/33±2x%2,5 Unit4, e) One ETL with 25/35 MVA by conductive with 2,5 km length and 31,5 kV 3x477 MCM for 11/33±2x%2,5 Unit5. They will be connected to TEİAŞ 380/154 kV Germencik TM 154 kV busbar from 154 kV exit of this transformer by 154 kV, single phase, 4,5 km length ETL with 3x1272 MCM conductive. Electrical singleline diagram prepared for socalled project is presented in App12. A separate permit will be taken from SHW for passages of units, geothermal wells, energy transmission lines and geothermal fluid pipelines of socalled project through SHW facilities (irrigation, drainage channels, river beds, service roads) in construction and operation stages of the mentioned project. V.1.18. From land preparation to opening of the units how and where the accomodation and other technical/social infrastructure needs of the personnel to be employed and their families will be provided, It is planned to employ 350 people in the scope of land preparation and construction operations of Efe Geothermal Power Plant project. All types of personnel to be involved in the project will be employed from the region as possible, and it will be contributed to regional economy even at small amounts by again employing permanent personnel from the region. Transportation service will be given to enable access of personnel to their homes; therefore accommodation problem will not come into question. Technical and social needs (accommodation, resting places, cafeterias etc.) of personnel to be employed in the scope of the project will be provided in social facilities present in Efe Geothermal Power Plant. Additionally; if needed, the technical and social needs will provided from closest settlement areas, in case of failing to fulfil the needs from these places, they could be supplied from Germencik and İncirliova districts and Aydın City Centrum. V.1.19. Environment and health; risky and hazardous ones for human health and environment among the operations pursued from land preparation to opening of the units, health protection band distance, compliance with expropriation borders of drainage channels engaged into operation of SHW, not approaching Mursallı Pumpage Irrigation Channel closer than 10 m and leaving protection distance, There will be no interferences on drainage channels opened by SHW in operations until land preparation and operation stages finishes and expropriation borders of drainage channels will be obeyed. There will be minimum 10 m distance from Mursallı Pumping Irrigation Main Channel that is close to project area and necessary protection distance will be maintained. 158 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Water would not be taken from channels for which SHW. 21. Regional Directorate is responsible without consent of related establishment. Process waters of the mentioned project, wastewater sourcing from the plant and the fluid being used in power plant during operation will not be discharged into facilities (irrigation and drainage channels, river beds) established by SHW. There are no dangerous situations due to project in question. There will be no risky conditions to human health and environment since geothermal resource will be recharged into reservoir after being used in a completely closed circle. Additionally, there are about 40 personnel employed in neighbouring geothermal power plant and any adverse effects are not countered due to power plant in terms of occupational health and safety. V.1.20. In how much area and how to perform landscaping activities (forestation and/or green spaces etc.) for creating landscaping elements and for other purposes in the project area, plant and tree types to be selected for these activities, The energy demand due to current population growth and the projects to meet this demand impose a pressure on environment. One of these pressures is effects may form/have formed on natural landscaping done or planned to be done. Preparation of “Landscaping Restoration Plan” and evaluation of these effects in studies conducted bear great importance in terms of sustainability of landscaping elements. It is aimed to conduct necessary planning and application studies by determining the changes (formation of new areas, stains and corridors etc.) possible to form in function and structure of natural landscaping after and at construction stage and the effects of these. Accordingly, site planning and environment protection studies will be conducted in order to reduce postconstruction effects in the project area. Primarily, necessary precautions will be taken to minimize the damage to be formed in current structure during these studies. Environmental protection and application studies should start simultaneously with the start up of construction works in the project area. Success of rehabilitation and improvement studies to be done after construction mostly depends on this condition. In this context; the studies, determination of limits of operation area, procedures of stripping and storage of top soil, taking necessary erosion precautions in necessary mediums and sedimentation control will be performed in the scope of the project. The implementations related to these studies to be conducted are given in detail below. Determination of Boundaries of Operation Area; It is necessary to inform and raise awareness of the personnel to be employed in the site in construction stage about natural landscaping values. The first things to be done for this purpose are to train all personnel about environmental consciousness, posting visual media tools like posters, signboards etc. in certain places of construction site, in order not to degrade the natural structure any further not enabling the personnel to perform both constructional actions (opening roadways without permission, extra area usage etc.) and social activities (all types of hunting activities, igniting fire, etc.) out of the project areas by determining limits belonging to operation and construction areas. It’s planned to establish total of 4 building sites where 350 worker will be placed in the scope of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project. It is expected that these building sites to be constructed in the form of prefabricated buildings will be reinstated after construction and will be brought back to the structure of the natural landscape. 159 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Procedures of Soil Stripping and Storage; The most important stage to be taken into consideration in construction stage is a good “Top Soil Stripping Method”. It is necessary to strip the top soil in all areas where construction operations will take place in the scope of Efe Geothermal Power Plant project and to preserve by taking essential precautions as not mixing with subsoil throughout construction process. As most of the project area consists of agricultural lands it is planned to strip the whole top soil in the area and store properly. In the scope of the project the circumstances to pay attention during soil stripping and storing processes are these; Top soil will be stripped up to minimum 15 cm and maximum 30 cm depth (Figure V.1.20.1.). At the places where top soil depth is less than 15 cm, it will be stripped in a careful manner and all top soil will be stored in a separate place. Figure V.1.20.1. Stripping the Topsoil During the Construction Stage Top soil will be stored in places where it will not be subjected to contamination or squeezing by vehicles or construction equipment and in conditions those will keep losses and/or degradation at least levels (Figure V.1.20.2.). 160 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure V.1.20.2. Storing Methods of Topsoil Top soil will not be mixed with subsoil, will be stored in a separate place or applications such as laying geotextile membrane will be performed so that the mixing will be prevented. (Figure V.1.20.3.). a b Figure V.1.20.3. a and b Storing Methods of Topsoil, Geotextile Application 161 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Top soil and subsoil piles will be placed in a manner that they are easily drained. There will be some openings left in top soil piles, in order to allow reasonable passages (animal passages, vehicle passages etc.) and in low elevated areas where surface water could accumulate at near the piles. Top soil will be collected in stock area not higher than 2 m, drained by small open channels with slopes less than 45. The top of the piles will be mildly squeezed at a level to reduce penetration of precipitations but to prevent development of unaired (anaerobic) conditions. If necessary, they will be prevented from floods by placing stabilization supports around outer edges. Top soil will not be used as bedding material by any means. This way, suitable medium for plantation by preserving the soil (yielding/top soil layer) that is most important factor for vegetation growth in vegetation stage after construction will have been provided. Taking Temporary Erosion Measures; Another important subject to pay attention during construction stage is evaluation of project areas in terms of erosion. Necessary temporary erosion measurements should be taken during construction activities until construction work is completed in inclined areas with erosion or landslide risks since; Top soil has been stripped, Top cover and forested areas are ruined, Current vegetation cover are removed, Land topography has been changed and Available stable land plasticity has not been maintained. There isn’t any significant erosion risk expected along the project since the areas where facilities in the scope of the project will be constructed have generally a flat and stable geomorphological structure. However, it is necessary to take cautionary erosion control measures against the possibility of occurrence of soil erosion in temporary excavation storage sites and excavation places. Otherwise, it could cause soil loss and decrease in land efficiency, decrease in water quality in rivers by sediment carriage and geomorphological changes possible to form by a slide against an unexpected situation. Therefore, during construction operations after scraping top soil, excavation of subsoil will primarily be performed in a manner not causing erosion and not been affected by erosion. Temporary erosion measures below will be taken in the scope of activities in land preparation, construction and operation stages of project: Material deposits will be left in order to hinder surface flows and undercutting (Figure V.1.20.4.). If it is necessary to interrupt the slopes, mini sluiceways will be constructed and flows will be enabled to be discharged down along the inclination. A continuous monitoring will be maintained for prevention of collapses and soil losses. 162 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure V.1.20.4. Material Deposits and Stacking Made in the Scope of the Erosion Prevention Methods The measures to be taken are obligatory applications for not encountering any dangerous situations (collapse, landslide, fallin etc.) during construction and for prevention of formation of any further damages to land topography. Sedimentation Control; Sediments possible to form due to soil erosion in project area could contaminate water resources present in close surrounding (Figure V.1.20.5.). Some sediment preventive mechanisms like silt cages or hay bale will be set up in order to prevent sediment water penetrations in water passage places and where operation areas cross with or are parallel to a water bed (Figure V.1.20.6.). 163 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure V.1.20.5. Sedimanlardan Kaynaklı Su Kirliliğini Azaltma Ve Önleme Yöntemleri; Silt Kafes, Saman Balyası Sediment filters and keeping mechanisms are applicable solutions in areas where top soil is scraped, vegetation cover is ruined and in the fields that are expected to be bared in rainy periods. As the project units in the scope of Efe Geothermal Power Plant project are located at 500600 m distance to the closest water sources and the area has generally a flat structure, there isn’t any significant sedimentation risk. However depending on varying conditions, necessary measures should be taken in areas with sedimentation risks throughout construction operations. Figure V.1.20.6. Silt Cage Application in Sedimentation Control 164 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT It is recognised that construction operations continue in a controlled and environmentally friendly manner and less amounts of areas are damaged by means of environmental protection measures taken during construction works and conducted applications. Besides, it is seen that the areas damaged and ruined throughout construction works could restore themselves in a short time by landscaping operations after construction process. Therefore paying necessary attention to subjects stated above carries great importance in terms of preservation natural environment and sustainability of ecosystem. The studies to improve and rehabilitate these areas will be initiated after completion of construction operations. The first operation to be done in this area in this scope is contouring study. The photographs belonging to area where plant facilities will be constructed and taken before land preparation operations started will be utilized in this scope. It will be tried to conform available contours around the area during these operations as possible. Backlaying operations of top soil stripped in preconstruction stage will be initiated by forming drainage systems on surface and beneath the surface in necessary places after contouring studies. However measures will be taken against erosion in necessary conditions in laying process of top soil that is stripped and preserved along construction stage. The most effective way to prevent erosion is vegetation growth. It is essential to take additional measures like fertilization, hydroseeding etc. during forestation and seeding processes in vegetation operations to be done in the area. The following action will be taken respectively about postconstruction rehabilitation and improvement studies stated above; The top soil stripped in the area will be stabilized. Primary, contributor and prevalent species will be determined by evaluation natural vegetation cover in project area. These determined species will be classified as tree, shrub, bush and forest subcover. Rehabilitation studies to be conducted in project area will be realized in accordance with the area in the direction of determination of these species. This way; Sustainability will be supported in the area by minimizing the effects on environment within construction and operations stage of the project, Erosion control will be enabled against erosion risks to be formed due to removed vegetation cover, scraped top soil and inclination in construction and operation stage, Regional and local characteristics will be consolidated, A new view close to available view will be formed after realization of the project in the area, The structures possible to form visual pollution (unit related to power plant site) will be obscured. The most important stage after laying top soil cover and taking erosion prevention measures is plantation stage. The studies about the plantation activities to be conducted in the scope of the project are given in detail below. 165 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Plantation Stage One of the most important essential elements in landscaping operations is vegetation together with good engineering and technical practices. If vegetation material is not used in right manners in landscape restoration operations, it will lead to both failure of the study and formation of unwanted landscaping mediums. Therefore it is necessary to rightly select the plant species to be used in restoration studies and to conduct planting of selected vegetation in accordance with seeding instructions and methods. The basic goals of landscape restoration studies includes restoration of landscapes damaged due to construction, reduction of adverse effects on environment along construction stage and formation of new usage areas suitable to natural structure. Plant selection suitable to restoration studies is very important in application performed. Visual quality should not be ignored even function is at front stage in plant selection process. Scale, form, texture and colour properties are very important in plants to be used (Table V.1.20.1.). Natural plant cover should be in accordance with plants to be used in restoration in all means. The plant species in FloraFauna section will be used in landscape restoration studies in scope of Efe Geothermal Power Plant project. Therefore both successes of restoration studies will increase and studies conducted will be in concordance with natural structure. Natural plant species and/or other species to be used in plantation studies will be provided from official of private nurseries closest to region. By taking professional consultation in special conditions, different plant species could also be used in the area in a manner not creating ecologic rivalry. However these plant species should be suitable to area and have natural structure. Otherwise it is inevitable to encounter with an unsuccessful study in both visual and functional terms. Table V.1.20.1. Plant Properties and Classification Plant Properties Classification Bushes (scrub, small, medium, Size Ground cover Trees (small, big) big) Acc. To Volumetric Height Width Ratio Acc. To Outer Dimension Properties Form Square, round, ellipse, elliptic, Sphere, Ellipsoid, pillar, Horizontal Vertical triangle, pentagon, irregular conical etc. etc. Texture Coarse Mid Fine Colour Flower Colour Leaf Colour Body Colour In the scope of the Efe Geothermal Project, rather coniferous, at plain sections vertical formed, at inclined sections horizontal and ground covering plants will be used. Between the coniferous trees leaved trees should also be used. This application while enabling the diversity also enhances the success of planting. In planting as colour green and its tones will be used. 166 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT During the application stage sowing the plant material with proper techniques will increase the rate of success as well as will be a saving in terms of time and economy. As much as the type of the plants the success of sowing depends on applying the right techniques and engaging experienced personnel in applications. For a correct and successful planting; Soil preparation of the field should be performed, Suitable, healthy shoots in good form should be planted in the field, The roots of the shoots should be pruned before planting (reversed, too long roots), properly deep and wide holes should be opened. (Figure V.1.20.7.) 167 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure V.1.20.7. a Pruning of the shoot roots, b Sowing Coniferous Shoots, c Sowing Leaved Shoots and d Sowing Bushes Selecting the proper sowing period, Leaving the distances between the plants according to the final sizes of the plants. (Figure V.1.20.8.) 168 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT 4 m. 5 m. 1-2 m. 1-2 m. 5 m. 4 m. 1-2 m. 4 m. 5 m. 1-2 m. a b c Figure V.1.20.8. Planting Distances for a) Coniferous, b) Leaved Shoots and c) Bushes Selecting and using the proper sowing technique. In the scope of the project for sowing the shoots and bushes proper techniques will be selected and applied. (Figure V.1.20.9.). Figure V.1.20.9. In Hole Sowing Technique Wrong sowing will lead to dying or slowly growing shoots and this way the success of the reclamation work will be hindered. The common mistakes during sowing can be listed as, not opening sufficiently deep holes, leaving the roots out and reversing the roots in the hole (Figure V.1.20.10.). 169 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure V.1.20.10. The Application Mistakes Made During The Planting In The Holes Besides, during the planting works to be performed in order to minimize the new scars and corridors that will be emerged after the construction period, screening works will be performed by using pillar and pyramid formed trees and bushes (Figure V.1.20.11.). Lenth Arrangement Figure V.1.20.11. Sample Plant Screens to be Planned to be Used During the Landscaping and Reclamation Woks 170 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT After the landscaping works are finalised the training of the young trees is a very important stage. During the reclamation works as works will be carried out with plants that is a living element, the application fields should be regularly checked, harmed unsuccessful plantings should be replaced with the new ones. Here especially until the vegetation reaches to its older shape and the ground covering is maintained, an employee who will work in the operation should regularly check the field. When necessary maintenance works such as irrigation, fertilising, pruning, applying pesticides and herbicides, protecting from outer effects etc. should be carried out. V.1.21. Determination of the possible effects on the underground and aboveground cultural and natural assets (traditional urban fabric, archaeological remains, and natural values to be protected) In the field preparation and construction works to be performed within the scope of Efe Geothermal Energy Plant Project (162,5 MWe), none of the works will be carried out with flammable and explosive materials. Only construction machines and equipment will be utilized during the operation. One of the negative effects existing during these operations is dust emission problem due to the haulage work. To prevent the problem, some precautions are considered such as watering the haulage roads and covering up of the material transported. Therefore, it is not expected that possible underground or aboveground cultural and natural assets near to the project area will be affected from any negative impacts. Project site is not within the scope of “Code of Protection of Cultural and Natural Properties” numbered with 3386 and 5226. However, if it is encountered with any archeological property during the field preparation and construction stages, the operations will be immediately stopped and Aydın Provincial Culture and Tourism Directorate will be informed. V.1.22. Other Properties. There is no other issue to be addressed in this section. 171 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT V.2. Subprojects during the operation phase of the project, their effects on the physical and biological environment, and precautions to be taken Since the wastewater from the geothermal plant has a higher temperature than the natural water resource, they are potential heat pollutants. If these liquid materials are not chemically harmful for the environment, they can be discharged to the surface water after cooling (Saner, 2005). However, within the project, geothermal liquid will be utilized as a source of reinjection. Therefore, it will not be faced with the pollution based on geothermal liquid. Geothermal liquids contain noncondensable gases and solid particles whose amounts rise with the temperature. Noncondensable gases generally consists of carbon dioxide (CO2) and varying amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and ammonia (NH3), nitrogen (N2), hydrogen (H2), mercury (Hg), boron vapor (B), radon (Rn), and hydrocarbons such as methane (CH4). During the operating phase of the plants, environmental issues are also arises. In the vaporintensive fields and in the areas where all wastes are injected, gas inside the vapor is most important environmental waste. Most apparent gas emission is seen at the gas discharge systems. Although CO2 gas has a global impact due to its greenhouse effect, discharge effect of H2S is local; and it depends on topography, wind direction and earth utilization. There is no evidence that radon level is raised to the sensible level with the effect of geothermal gas emission. B, NH3 and Hg pollute earth and flora. These pollutants have effects on surface waters and aquatic ecosystem (ElWakil, 1984). Even though binary plants and volume heating systems are on the mode of complete closed circuits, small problems can still arise. However, these effects are in the negligible level (IGA, 2000). Control of the biological effects of the geothermal plant on flora and fauna can be established by the determination of an upper limit for the pollutant to be discharged possibly. Adverse effects can be detected over the recommended limit values; it is expected that no effect will exist under these limits in long or short terms (IGA, 2000). As a result of geothermal field developments, surface waters can be polluted. If the liquid is discharged into river or stream, pollution exists directly. Pollution can be sometimes indirect pollution of groundwater or surface water. Even though all wastewater is reinjected in the field, pollutants can be still effective in the surface water due to the secondary effects from groundwater systems or gas discharge. For instance, pollution of the groundwater can be due to wastewaters or reinjection process or well discharge and leakage of pool water, which is used for drilling operation. Geothermal pollutants can change the water chemistry by using water as a source, and effecting the liquid ecosystem and terrestrial environment, and merging into the river or streams. Although same pollutants exist in natural geothermal water, they have tendency to settle in the earth and to increase the concentration by this way. Therefore, environmental effects are mostly regional. Surface water can be also polluted due to the disposal of chemical wastes during the operation period and related leakage problems. However, this is a preventable problem. In addition, possible environmental impacts of the stored drilling liquids, liquid fueloils, lubrication materials, settlement preventers and other special chemicals should be considered during their environmental impact periods. Hence, precaution to be taken for these kinds of pollution is described in the subitems of V.2 Part; the project will be established in accordance to these precautions. 172 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Wastewater can be also highly salinized and trace elements of geothermal liquids such as antimony, thallium, silver, and selenium may be in measurable concentrations. Typically, condensation liquid is volatile like sulfur and mercury, compared to waste water. However, wastewater consists of nonvolatile matters or high concentrations of less volatile matters such as lithium, arsenic, and boron. Pollution prevention of surface waters against wastewater or condensed water is generally carried out with the help of reinjection of these liquids into the field. However, this causes the pollution of groundwater. Groundwater pollution is prevented by the utilization of drawn steel pipe in reinjection well through the groundwater aquifer and coating of the accumulation pools against the undesirable leakage. Within the scope of the project, construction will be carried out considering these applications. Removal of the pollutant is one of the choices and it provides a commercial income. Recovering, purification and selling of the chemicals can be possible. Pure calcium silicate, colloidal silica, arsenic, lithium, gold and silver extractions has been tested in various degrees of success in some areas (especially New Zealand). In most countries, standards dealing with the protection of aquatic ecosystems and water used for specific purposes such as drinking, irrigation, and storage, are developed and integrated in the related fields. Guidelines (generally in legal status) and standards put the highest limit for the pollution in the water and they determine the specific utilization of the water. Pollution over these recommended values is expected to cause either direct or indirect effects on biological life. No effect exists below these limits for a long or short term and environmental quality is conserved. Local fauna species are the kinds, which will not be harmed from the activities. They will only move to alternative close habitats due to the noise and activity intensity. However, personnel in the project will be warned about not disturbing wild fauna, which can visit the area during the operations. Some of the fauna species are the species, which are under the certain protection and under the protection in accordance with Bern Convention, Annex1 and Annex3. About this kind of species, it will be obeyed to the protection measures of Bern Convention and 6. and 7. Items in this agreement. These are as follows; 1 Prohibitions about the specimens under the certain protection (6. item); All kinds of deliberate catching of animals and retention, deliberate killing, Deliberate damaging to their reproduction and leisure areas or destruction of these areas, Contrary to the purpose of this agreement, deliberate disturbance of the specimens in their reproduction, development and hibernation periods, Collecting egg from the environment or deliberate destruction of the eggs or keeping these eggs even if empty, Keeping the fauna specimens in live or dead or trading of these specimens. 2 Following items will be warned about the specimens under the protection (7. item); Closed hunting season and / or other related regulations, Temporary or regional prohibition to raise the wild fauna to the desired level of population, 173 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Provision related with the trading of wild animal in live or dead, keeping them to sell, and transportation or their convenience to be sold. In every stage of the activity, it will be obeyed to the Land Hunting Law numbered by 4915 and related regulations. The effects for plant specimens will be limited to only the biomass loss. V.2.1. Specification of the all units within the project (including structures to be used for power transmission line), distribution of the activities according to the units, their capacities, energy production quantities to be produced in each unit, (Operating times of the plant), Maximum amount of geothermal fluid material during the operation of the plant is between 8.000 10.000 ton/hour; and “flash system (steam separation system)” will be utilized based on the thermodynamic principles in the plant. By this method, steam and liquid parts of the geothermal fluid material transmitted from geothermal source (production well) to the system under high pressure will be separated in specific conditions; and separated steam will provide the movement of axle through the three stage turbine. Mechanical energy due to the turn of turbines will be converted to electrical energy with the help of generators. Steam, which loses pressure and temperature on the turbines, will be condensed in two different systems (High pressure and low pressure). Steam in the low pressure of the turbines will be condensed completely by the direct contact condenser with water cooling; and it will be converted to the cooling water with the help of cooling tower to meet the cooling demand of the system. Binary system which works appropriate to the conventional Rankine cycle due to two different fluid matters having low thermal potential and boiling temperature but owning high steam pressure, takes the heat from the stream exiting from the high pressure stage of the turbine, turns the turbine meanwhile. Existing mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy through the generators. Specifications of the units in the project are presented below. 1) Steam Turbine, Generator Electrical energy to be obtained from the pressured and superheated steam of the geothermal reservoirs will be produced through this system. High (HP); intermediate (IP), and low (LP) stream incoming to the system, provides the turn of turbine blades and rotor on the bearing by passing through different stages. Kinetic energy produced by this way is converted to electrical energy in the generator. Each of HP, IP and LP stream turbine entrances is equipped with main stop valves (MSVs) and governing valves (GVs). Kinetic energy in desired level of speed and desired amounts can be provided by controlling the steam amount thanks to these valves. In addition, lubrication system in the unit lubricates bearings of the turbine and generator equipment in low pressure and in proper temperature to prevent the damage in the bearing of highrevolution rotor due to the warming. Moreover, this lubrication system also provides high pressure lubrication for MSVs and GVs, which are controlled hydraulically. 174 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Water existing in the turbine during the production will be separated in Flash and Drain Tanks, and produced steam will be condensed in two different ways (High pressure and low pressure). Steam at the low pressure of the turbine will be totally condensed by passing through the condenser with direct contact water cooling. Some part of the steam exiting from the high pressure stage will be transmitted to secondary cycle plant which produce electric energy where some other part of the steam will be sent to the heat exchanger system which produce thermal energy. Schematic view of the steam turbine is illustrated in Figure V.2.1.1. Steam Entrance Figure V.2.1.1. Schematic View of Steam Turbine 2) Condenser System A mixture of water, steam and gas exiting from the pressure turbine is transmitted to spray jet type condenser with direct contact surface to be condensed. With the help of the circulating water system, this fluid material is cooled by the water taken from the cooling tower. Condensed part of the material is sent to the cooling tower with circulating water system to be cooled. Gas part of the material is removed from the system with the help of noncondensing gas system. 3) Noncondensing Gas Exhaust System The gases with vacuum pressure (lower than atmospheric pressure) exiting from the condenser are removed from the plant in two stages by increasing the gas pressure above the atmospheric pressure. The first step includes intercondenser and jet injectors. Injectors send the gases to the intercondensers utilizing the momentum of the high pressure vapor. The vapor used in the “Gland Sealing” system is also sent to the inter condenser. The water from the cooling water system is utilized for this condensation operation. The water from the intercondenser is returned back to the condenser. 175 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT The second step consists of a system covering vacuum pump and aftercondenser. The aftercondenser is designed to work in when the vacuum pump malfunctions. In this stage, the gas from the first stage that left most of its water content in the intercondenser is sent to the cooling water tower to be removed, by gaining enough positive pressure to be given to the atmosphere by the vacuum pumps. The cooling water from the cooling water system is transmitted to the “Seal Water Separator” for the extraction of the water steam from gas that will be removed from the NCG system. While the gas coming from here is sent to the cooling tower, the extraction is sent to the condenser. 4) Circulating Water System This system uses the water from the cooling water tower for condensation of the gases and steam from the turbine and for other cooling operations. The condensed water steam from the condenser and the utilized cooling water are sent to the cooling tower by Hotwell pumps to be cooled and to be used again as cooling water. The cooling water from the cooling tower is sent by the vacuum produced in the LP condenser without the need of any pumps. 5) Cooling Water System In addition to the circulating water system, this system consists of various cold water pumps used for the cooling operation of the; intercondenser, aftercondenser, compressors, vacuum pumps and other equipment, injection pump engines, generator air cooling system and the lubrication system of the turbine. 6) Air Cooling System It is the equipment used for the condensation of the work fluid coming from the turbine as low energy exhaust vapor. The efficiency is increased by the condensation of the work fluid. The tubes carrying the work fluids are cooled by airflow. 7) Circulating Water Pump The pump equipment utilized for sending the work fluid condensed in the air cooled condenser, to the heating system to get reheated. 8) Auxiliary Systems In addition to the systems mentioned, this system is designed to provide necessary utility water and the systems to prevent fire hazard to the plant equipment. They consist of utility and fire prevention water systems and fire water storage tanks. 9) Waste Water Treatment System Waste Water Treatment System operations cover the collecting of the waste water that will occur in the plant site, treatment of the oil and alike substances in the water with the oil/water separator, storage of oil separately and the removal of the water from the system using the rain water drainage system. 10) Plant Instrumentation and Control Systems The system includes plant protection system, monitoring instruments, control valves and panels for the purpose of protection, automation and management of the plant system from the control room. 176 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT 11) Cooling Tower Condensed water from the LP and HP condensers are sent to the cooling tower with the circulating water system. Water is cooled in the cooling tower cells by the airflow and the counter flow principle by the cooling tower fans and then stored in the cooling tower pool. The water is then taken from the pool to be used in the circulating water system and the cooling water system. Moreover, the system is subjected to chemical treatment with certain amounts of biocide, caustic soda, sodium hypochlorite to protect the system from microbiological and pH effects and to maintain the progression of the tower and the quality of the cooling water. Detailed information about the geothermal system is given in Section V.2.5. 12) Wellhead Systems They consist of tubular material and suspension apparatus used in the structure of the geothermal wells, wellhead equipment to control and regulate the flow (wellhead valves, spool valves, control valves) and equipment used in testing (mufflers and sluices). 13) Production and Injection System In this system, the geothermal water is taken from the production wells, sent to the clearing station and the vapor is separated from water here. The vapor separated is sent to the turbine while the remaining geothermal water is reinjected to the injection wells with fluid return pumps. V.2.2. Transportation and storage of hazardous, toxic, inflammable and explosive substances used in units during production, In the designed plant, no hazardous, toxic, inflammable and explosive substances will be used. However, it is expected that there will occur isolation oil due to maintenance and repair work to be done in Switch Site inside the project area. Detailed information about the disposal of these wastes is in Section V.2.15. Also, in the case of using hazardous, toxic, inflammable and explosive substances in the operation, it will be obeyed to “the Regulation of the Precautions on the Workplaces and Works Using Inflammable, Explosive, Dangerous and Hazardous Materials” published in the Official Gazette dated on 27.11.1973 and number by 7551. 177 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT V.2.3. Precautions to be taken for heavy metals and toxic chemicals carried by the geothermal fluid (arsenic, lead, zinc, boron with substantial amounts carbonate, silicate, sulphate, chlorine etc.) and gases like carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, In the Efe Geothermal Energy Plant; after the geothermal fluid reaches the ground, equipment called the inhibitor system will be installed to the wellheads to prevent crustation due to the pollution on the surface equipment. The geothermal fluid in this state will be transferred from the wells to the separation station, which will be constituted in the plant site by the pipelines. Here, after the vapor and water separation operation, vapor will be sent to the turbine and the water will be transferred to the injection wells again with the pipelines. This operation is a closed circuit and there is no contact of the produced fluid with the atmosphere. The emissions that will probably occur during the operation of the Efe Geothermal Energy Plant are CO2, N2, CH4, NH3, H2S and H2 gases and CO2, which is 99% by volume in the geothermal reserve, has a big importance compared to the other gases. Feasibility studies show that total of 110.000 kg/hr emission is expected from the cooling tower. During the operation of Efe Geothermal Energy Plant, the only emission expected to occur is from the cooling tower. From the sampling and analysis conducted by CNRInstitute of Geosciences and Earth in the wells, the mole percentages of the gases in the geothermal fluid are calculated and average mole percentages are tabulated below. Table V.2.3.1 Mole Percentages of the Gases in 1 Mole From the Cooling Tower Outlet CO2 N2 CH4 NH3 H2S H2 Total Mole 0,990 0,0052 0,0043 0,000431 0,000044 0,000025 1 Percentage Source: CNRInstitute of Geosciences and Earth, 1 April 2009 Accordingly, the expected gas emissions from the cooling tower are calculated as below. Mass of 1 mole gas= 0,990x44 g/mole (CO2) + 0,0052x28 g/mole (N2) + 0,0043 x 16 g/mole (CH4) + 0,000431 x 17 g/mole (NH3) + 0,000044x34 g/mole (H2S) + 0,000025x2 g/mole (H2) =~43,783223 g/mole Emission rates for each gas are calculated accordingly; CO2 Emission = 110.000 kg/hr x 0,990 x 44 g/mole / 43,783223 g/mole =~ 109.439,17 kg/hr (CO2 from the cooling tower can be used for dry ice production and food freezing.) N2 Emission = 110.000 kg/hr x 0,0052 x 28 g/mole / 43,783223 g/mole =~ 365,80 kg/hr CH4 Emission = 110.000 kg/hr x 0,0043 x 16 g/mole / 43,783223 g/mole =~ 172,85 kg/hr NH3 Emission = 110.000 kg/hr x 0,000431 x 17 g/mole / 43,783223 g/mole =~ 18,40 kg/hr H2S Emission = 110.000 kg/hr x 0,000044 x 34 g/mole / 43,783223 g/mole =~ 3,75 kg/hr 178 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT H2 Emission = 110.000 kg/hr x 0,000025 x 2 g/mole / 43,783223 g/mole =~ 0,12 kg/hr If the calculated mass flow values of the contaminants is compared with the limit values indicated in Table2.1 of Annex2 belonging to “Regulation on the Control of Industry Based Air Pollution” published in the Official Gazette dated in 03.07.2009 and numbered of 27277, only H2S has a limit value and the calculated value of H2S emission from the cooling tower is less than this limit. Due to the fact that the mass flow rates of the contaminants do not exceed the limit values of the regulation, there is no need to conduct an air distribution modeling. Following the start of operation in Efe Geothermal Energy Plant, the limit values about the emissions determined by “Regulation on the Control of Industry Based Air Pollution” published in the Official Gazette dated in 03.07.2009 and numbered of 27277 will be regarded. V.2.4. Properties and amounts of the machinery instruments and tools to be used in the facility units, Properties of the units in the mentioned project are presented in the table below. Table V.2.4.1. Properties of the Project Units Unit Name Properties Electrical energy to be obtained from the pressured and superheated steam of the geothermal reservoirs will be produced through this system. High (HP); intermediate (IP), and low (LP) stream incoming to the system, provides the turn of turbine blades and rotor on the bearing by passing through different stages. Kinetic energy produced by this way is converted to electrical energy in the generator. Each of HP, IP and LP stream turbine entrances is equipped with main stop valves (MSVs) and governing valves (GVs). Kinetic energy in desired level of speed and desired amounts can be provided by controlling the steam amount thanks to these valves. In addition, lubrication system in the unit lubricates bearings of the turbine and generator equipment in low pressure and in proper temperature to prevent the damage in the bearing of highrevolution rotor Steam Turbine, Generator due to the warming. Moreover, this lubrication system also provides high pressure lubrication for MSVs and GVs, which are controlled hydraulically. Water existing in the turbine during the production will be separated in Flash and Drain Tanks, and produced steam will be condensed in two different ways (High pressure and low pressure). Steam at the low pressure of the turbine will be totally condensed by passing through the condenser with direct contact water cooling. Some part of the steam exiting from the high pressure stage will be transmitted to secondary cycle plant which produce electric energy where some other part of the steam will be sent to the heat exchanger system which produce thermal energy. Schematic view of the steam turbine is illustrated below. A mixture of water, steam and gas exiting from the pressure turbine is transmitted to spray jet type condenser with direct contact surface to be condensed. With the help of the circulating water system, this fluid Condenser System material is cooled by the water taken from the cooling tower. Condensed part of the material is sent to the cooling tower with circulating water system to be cooled. Gas part of the material is removed from the system with the help of noncondensing gas system. 179 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Unit Name Properties The gases with vacuum pressure (lower than atmospheric pressure) exiting from the condenser are removed from the plant in two stages by increasing the gas pressure above the atmospheric pressure. The first step includes intercondenser and jet injectors. Injectors send the gases to the intercondensers utilizing the momentum of the high pressure vapor. The vapor used in the “Gland Sealing” system is also sent to the intercondenser. The water from the cooling water system is utilized for this condensation operation. The water from the inter condenser is returned back to the condenser. Noncondensing Gas Exhaust System The second step consists of a system covering vacuum pump and aftercondenser. The aftercondenser is designed to work in when the vacuum pump malfunctions. In this stage, the gas from the first stage that left most of its water content in the intercondenser is sent to the cooling water tower to be removed, by gaining enough positive pressure to be given to the atmosphere by the vacuum pumps. The cooling water from the cooling water system is transmitted to the “Seal Water Separator” for the extraction of the water steam from gas that will be removed from the NCG system. While the gas coming from here is sent to the cooling tower, the extraction is sent to the condenser. This system uses the water from the cooling water tower for condensation of the gases and steam from the turbine and for other cooling operations. The condensed water steam from the condenser and the utilized cooling water Circulating Water System are sent to the cooling tower by Hotwell pumps to be cooled and to be used again as cooling water. The cooling water from the cooling tower is sent by the vacuum produced in the LP condenser without the need of any pumps. In addition to the circulating water system, this system consists of various cold water pumps used for the cooling operation of the; intercondenser, aftercondenser, Cooling Water System compressors, vacuum pumps and other equipment, injection pump engines, generator air cooling system and the lubrication system of the turbine. It is the equipment used for the condensation of the work fluid coming from the turbine as low energy exhaust vapor. Air Cooling System The efficiency is increased by the condensation of the work fluid. The tubes carrying the work fluids are cooled by airflow. The pump equipment used to send the work fluid Circulation Pump condensed in the air cooled condenser, to the heating system to get reheated. In addition to the systems mentioned, this system is designed to provide necessary utility water and the Auxiliary Systems systems to prevent fire hazard to the plant equipment. They consist of utility and fire prevention water systems and fire water storage tanks. Waste Water Treatment System operations consist of the collecting of the waste water that will occur in the plant site, treatment of the oil and alike substances in the water Waste Water Treatment System with the oil/water separator, storage of oil separately and the removal of the water from the system using the rain water drainage system. The system includes plant protection system, monitoring instruments, control valves and panels for the purpose of Plant Instrument and Control System protection, automation and management of the plant system from the control room. Condensed water from the LP and HP condensers are sent to the cooling tower with the circulating water system. Water is cooled in the cooling tower cells by the airflow and the counter flow principle by the cooling tower fans and then stored in the cooling tower pool. The water Cooling Tower is then taken from the pool to be used in the circulating water system and the cooling water system. Moreover, the system is subjected to chemical treatment with certain amounts of biocide, caustic soda, sodium hypochlorite to protect the system from microbiological 180 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Unit Name Properties and pH effects and to maintain the progression of the tower and the quality of the cooling water. Detailed information about the geothermal system is given in Section V.2.5. They consist of tubular material and suspension apparatus used in the structure of the geothermal wells, Wellhead Systems wellhead equipment to control and regulate the flow (wellhead valves, spool valves, control valves) and equipment used in testing (mufflers and sluices). In this system, the geothermal water is taken from the production wells, sent to the clearing station and here, the vapor is separated from water. The vapor separated here Production and Injection Systems is sent to the turbine while the remaining geothermal water is reinjected to the injection wells with fluid return pumps. 181 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT V.2.5. Production of goods and/or services at the operation units; current output of end and sub products; where, how much, and how to be marketed; where, how, and how much the population and/or area the services are presented, The annual production of 1,190 GWh of electrical energy is planned within the scope of Efe Geothermal Power Plant. The electrical energy produced from Binary power plants is transported to the main switchyard with a line 31,5Kv at the Unit 1 Flash + Unit 2 binary field and is transferred with a single line 154 Kv from here to Germencik transformer station. Singleline diagram is given in the annexes of the project (see Annex12). The sale of the electricity will be carried out in accordance with the Renewable Energy Law (RES) during the operational phase of the project. V.2.6. Evaluation of the geothermal resources after the usage or disposal systems; reinjection to ensure the continuity of the resource; the number of reinjection wells, depth, capacity, A total of 800010000 tph geothermal fluid from the wells to be opened in the site will be used and reinjection process will take place to prevent the decrement of the reservoir. Thus, the pressure drop and heat loss due to the decrease in the geothermal reserve will be prevented. The plant will not start operation until the reinjection process is put into use. During the production and reinjection, freshwater aquifers will be careful not to be damaged. In addition, there will be no wastewater generation due to process within the scope of Efe Geothermal Energy Plant Project. The energy of fluids produced from geothermal reservoirs is used for different purposes; electricity generation, heating of the settlement areas, industrial purposes, greenhouses, etc. After producing energy from the liquid, the remaining source is required to be removed by either utilizing in useful areas or disposing without damaging the environment. The evaluation of the remaining source is emerging as an important problem in practice and field operation. The most appropriate solution to this problem is that the idle hot water is transmitted to reservoir again. This process is defined as a repushing or reinjection. The process of the repushing to the geothermal reservoir has versatile advantages listed below:3 1) Unused hot water will be prevented to pollute the environment. 2) The balance of the reservoir will not decay due to repushing of the produced water to the reservoir; the reservoir pressure will be protected. Although some amount of the produced water is supplied by natural feed, generally the amount naturally fed to the reservoir will not be as much as the produced amount. However, the need of natural feeding will be reduced. 3) The power generation of the original fluid produced from geothermal reservoirs will be very low level regard as the placed energy of reservoir. Therefore, the most appropriate solution for the production of additional energy is that the unused water cooler than the reservoir is repushed to the reservoir. The production period of the reservoir will be longer with repushing process. 3 http://geocen.iyte.edu.tr/teskon/2003/teskon2003_08.pdf 182 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT 4) The Earth collapses as a result of the decrease in the volume of the reservoir due to production is reduced to minimum. V.2.7. Due to the utilization of geothermal source, possible effects of the corrosion over the protective liner of the pipe system used in source production and transportation on the groundwater; Precautions to be taken to prevent the damage in cold groundwater aquifer Some equipment will be installed at the wellhead called the inhibitor system in order to prevent crustation due to the pollution on the surface equipment after the geothermal fluid reaches the ground surface. The geothermal fluid in this state will be transferred from the wells to the separation station, which will be constituted in the plant site by the pipelines. Here, after the vapor and water separation operation, vapor will be sent to the turbine and the water will be transferred to the injection wells again with the pipelines. In the case of any of the pipelines get damaged, safety valves in the system will stop the geothermal fluid flow. Since there is no contact of the produced fluid with the atmosphere, no pollution is expected to occur. There will be a 15.000 m3 storage pool in the plant site in case of any problem about the reinjection and the plant. This pool will be used to store geothermal fluid until the problem with the reinjection is fixed. After the problem is fixed, the stored water will be sent to the reinjection system without being discharged to any receiving environment. V.2.8. The effects of the using the geothermal resources on the other geothermal resources/basins and the precautions to be taken, The 28,29 km2 licensed area for the Efe Geothermal Energy Plant Project is given to Burç Real Estate Investment and Construction Company by the Special Provincial Administration of Aydın. The mentioned licensed area is presented in the 1/25.000 scale topographical map in App4. The adjacent licensed areas are also shown in the same map. There is a 47.4 MW plant operating in the neighbor license area. The production and reinjection wells to be opened for this project are in its own license area. Beside feeding hinterland of AydınGermencik geothermal area is pretty wide, hydro geological, hydrochemical and environmental isotopic works carried out for the definition of hot water source and connected geothermal systems should be evaluated with regional geological formation to present the conceptual model of geothermal system in the field. The geothermometer calculations show that the system has a high temperature potential. It is determined that the heat source in the system which is in the fault zone is due to geothermal gradient linked to deep circulation controlled by the faults. In addition to this, the fact that there are young volcanic rocks in the area causes a high geothermal gradient. The isotope content of the water shows that the reservoir is supplied with local rainfall and therefore the feeding ground is in a nearby area. Therefore it is not expected that the project will cause any negative effect on other geothermal plants. However, before the initiating the operations of plants planning to be built, an Investigation Report on Resource Conservation Area in accordance with “Law and Regulations on Geothermal Resources and Mineral Waters” with the number of 5886 will be presented to the provincial special administration and General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MRE) to be investigated and approved. 183 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Acceptance Certificate of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the geothermal plant is obtained on 20.08.2012 by Burç Geothermal Investment and Electric Production Company. The H2S measurements mentioned in the environmental impact report are carried out continuously. The results are evaluated and sent to the company. The H2S emission from the cooling system to the atmosphere is at a near zero level and the heat given to the environment is not at a level to cause a microclimate effect. There is no evidence of effect on the olive, fig and other ecosystems and the agricultural products. Also, there are 40 personnel working in the neighbor geothermal plant and there has been no evidence of negative effects caused by the plant considering the occupational health and safety issues. In addition, a report with a scientific foundation will be prepared under the leadership of Aydın Governorate and with the help of Administration of İncir Research Station. It will be informative, proportional with the capacities of all existing geothermal plants and it will provide source and support to a work including other industrial plants, pond and dam investors (Rfr. Annex1.13). V.2.9. Possible effects on the topsoil due to the use of the geothermal resource, risk evaluation of collapse or sink occurrences On top of the mentioned reservoir, there is a fairly thick nonpermeable seal rock (7301376m); and the geothermal fluid is under this seal rock in a permeable reserve rock. There is no risk of collapse or sink in the surface topsoil due to geothermal fluid in a rock formation and thick layer of rock on top of it. Even if there wasn’t a layer like that, since the geothermal source will be returned to the hot water aquifer with the reinjection system, no collapse is expected. V.2.10. Discarding of the geothermal fluid to the environment during well cleaning or during the operation to start production of a closed well, the effects that might occur and the precautions to be taken for the interaction of the fluid with the environment, There will be a 15.000 m3 storage pool in the plant site in case of any problem about the reinjection and the plant. This pool will be used to store geothermal fluid until the problem with the reinjection is fixed. After the problem is fixed, the stored water will be sent to the reinjection system without being discharged to any receiving environment. V.2.11. Quantities of boilers and/or cooling water to be used in the facility units, the processes to be applied to the water before sending it to which receiving water environment and the properties of the water to be sent, 4 chemicals are used in Efe Geothermal Energy Plant project in the cooling tower conditioning. The chemicals are as follows with their purpose of use; 1. Sodium Hypochlorite of %15: Will be used against bacterial contamination. 2. Nalco 3434 (Trade Name): Chlorine activator and used to activate Biodispersant Sodium Hypochlorite to prevent bacterial contamination 3. Nalco 3DT180(Trade Name): Corrosion and scaling prevention 4. Nalco 3DT190(Trade Name): Antilime dispersant. The anticipated chemicals to be used according to the conditioning for the cooling tower are presented in the following pages and the calculation of the chemicals to be used inside the cooling tower are presented in Table V.2.11.1, Table V.2.11.2, Table V.2.11.3 and Table V.2.11.4. the flowchart of the cooling tower is given in Figure V.2.11.1. 184 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Preferred Cooling Tower of Water Conditioning pH : 6,59,0 (out of this range, special materials are needed.) Temperature : Maximum 125 F (51,66 0C), or with special materials up to 150 F (65,55 0 C) . Langelier Saturated Index : between 01 M-alkaline : 100500 ppm (as CaCO3 ) Silica : maximum 150 ppm (as SiO2) Iron : maximum 3 ppm Manganese : maximum 0,1 ppm Sulphites : more than 1 ppm cause corrosion at copper alloys, iron, steel and galvanized steel. Refer the following table for filling film limits. Ammonium : maximum 50 ppm if there are copper alloys. Chloride : the limit for wood structure: 1 ppm with free residual discontinuous intervals (shock) or a maximum of 0.4 ppm continuous Organic Solvents : they deform the plastics and trigger the biological reproduction. Small amounts (e.g. <50 ppm) are acceptable. TDS : over the 5000 ppm affects the thermal performance and make damaging effects alternatively like fan deck and ventilation hole at wet/dry regions. Individual Ions: Cations: Calcium : maximum 800 ppm (as CaCO3) Magnesium: depends on pH and silica limit Sodium : limitless Anions: Chloride : maximum 750 ppm (as NaCl) and 455 ppm as Cl At galvanized tower the limit is 500 ppm as NaCl Sulphates: maximum 800 as CaCO3 Nitrates : maximum 300 ppm as NO3 (bacteria feed) Carbonates/bicarbonates: maximum 300 ppm as CaCO3 185 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT General Water Quality Guidelines for the Water Circulating Cooling Tower Temperature: Standard industrial tower designs assume that the hot water is 120 F (48.88 0C). At high temperatures, the design or materials are needed to change; many thermoplastic compounds are affected from galvanized coating. pH: The acceptable pH level is generally between 6.5 and 9.0 (pH less than 5.0 is acceptable if there is not galvanized steel). Low pH galvanized steel affects the steel and cement products, fiberglass reinforced polyester and aluminum; high pH of fiberglass reinforced polyester affects the wood products and aluminum. Chlorides: For galvanized steel: up to 750 ppm (as NaCl) or 450 ppm as Cl, for 300 series stainless steels: maximum 1500 ppm (as NaCl) or 900 ppm as Cl, for 316 stainless steel: up to 4000 ppm (NaCl ), or 2400 ppm as Cl, silicon bronze is preferred over 4000 ppm concentrations. Calcium: Calcium below 800 ppm (expressed as CaCO3) usually does not cause precipitation. Langelier Saturation Index or the Ryznar Stability Index is needed to be calculated for calcium carbonate precipitate inclination. Calcium carbonate precipitation can be resolved with increasing acid amount but calcium sulfate precipitation cannot be eliminated. Sulphates: The recommended maximum amount of CaCO3 is 1200 ppm to avoid the impact on Type 1 cement. If calcium exceeds 800 ppm, sulfate will be constant at 800 ppm to prevent precipitation (or lower than arid climates) apart from that up to 5000 ppm sulfate level is acceptable. Silica: Generally, from limit to 150 ppm Silica (SiO2) prevents the precipitation. Iron: The limit is 3 ppm. Iron forms generally a red film on the surface of tower and causes the precipitation problems. Iron also accelerates the deformation of the wood products. Manganese: The limit is 0,1 ppm. Total dissolved solids (TDS): The amount of less than 25 ppm can be preferred level for film fill. If the suspended solids are higher than 25 ppm, the bacteria cleaning is critical. Oil and Grease: More than 10 ppm causes loss of thermal performance. Nutrients: Nitrates, ammonia, oils, glycols, sugars, phosphates, and tree clippings increase the growth of algae and bacteria and can cause them problems in the tower. Ammonia: If there are copper alloys, the limit is 50 ppm. Organic solvents: damage the plastics and should be avoided. Sulphites: is corrosive against galvanized metals and copper alloys. Sulphites and the chemicals used for resolving the sulphite damage the wood products. Sulphites also increase the growth of bacteria that cause pollution of the film fill. The amount of sulfide must be less than 0.5 ppm for crossfilled film, 1.5 ppm for filling the movie with disabilities is low. 186 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Langelier Saturation Index: The ideal takes between 0 and +1,0; the negative shows LSI corrosion inclination; the positive shows LSI precipitation inclination. Factors necessary for the calculation; 1) total amount of dissolved solid 2) The temperature of hot water 3) Calcium hardness 4) Total (M) alkaline 5) pH The chemicals of water treatment: Chloride (the most common lethal chemical) damages wood products. The discontinuous treatment has maximum of 1 ppm free chlorine is preferred in the tower of wood products. If maximum 0, 4 ppm free available residual chlorine should be done, chlorination will be continuously. In order to control precipitation, corrosion, and biological reproduction, there are lots of special chemicals and they should be used carefully. For example, corrosion inhibitors designed to remove chromates system is effective on all metals. Moreover, the combination of chemicals causes reactions and reduces the efficiency of the treatment. Some chemicals such as surfactants, dispersants, and antifoams increase the rate of drift. The Biological Oxygen Demand: The water has greater than 25 ppm BOD should not be used as circulation water. 187 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V.2.11.1. Sodium Hypochlorite – Nalco 3434 Mixture SODİUM HYPOCHLORİTE – NALCO 3434 MİXTURE The volume of The amount of The amount of The volume of Density of The volume of Total Mixture The Length of Total Density of Daily Pumping Daily Pumping Daily Pumping The volume of PERIOD Sodium Daily Pumping Daily Pumping Mixture Daily Pumping Nalco 3434 Required Required Required Filling Tank Hypochlorite Required Required Required (ista =kg/lt) (HYPO) (Nalco 3434) (Nalco 3434) (lt) (ista =kg/lt) (HYPO) (lt/day) (HYPO+3434) (HYPO+3434) (cm/day) (kg/day) (kg/day) (lt/day) (lt/day) SUMMER 1,182 1,46 80 6 68 4 72 948 7 WINTER 1,182 1,46 70 4,3 59 3 62 948 6 Table V.2.11.2. Chemical Nalco 3dt180 CHEMICAL NALCO 3DT180 The amount of Daily Pumping The volume of Daily Pumping The Total Length Daily PERIOD Density of Nalco 3DT180 The volume of Filling Tank Required Required Pumping Required (d3DT180=kg/lt) (lt) (3DT180) (kg/day) (3DT180) (lt/day) (3DT180) (cm/day) SUMMER 1,25 0,87 0,7 103 0,55 WINTER 1,25 1,23 0,98 103 0,78 Table V.2.11.3. Chemical Nalco 3dt190 CHEMICAL NALCO 3DT190 The amount of Daily Pumping The volume of Daily Pumping The Total Length Daily PERIOD Density of Nalco 3DT190 The volume of Filling Tank Required Required Pumping Required (d3DT190=kg/lt) (lt) (3DT190) (kg/day) (3DT190) (lt/day) (3DT190) (cm/day) SUMMER 1,27 0,95 0,75 111,5 0,55 WINTER 1,27 1,35 1,06 111,5 0,79 188 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V.2.11.4. Conversion Factors of Water Components Na CaCO3 x 2,18 Ca CaCO3 x 2,50 Mg CaCO3 x 4,12 K CaCO3 x 1,28 Cl CaCO3 x 1,41 SO4 CaCO3 x 1,04 CO3 CaCO3 x 1,67 HCO3 CaCO3 x 0,82 NO3 CaCO3 x 0,81 PO4 CaCO3 x 1,58 SiO2 CaCO3 x 0,83 CaSO4 CaCO3 x 0,735 MgSO4 CaCO3 x 0,83 Cl NaCl x 1,65 CaCO3 NaCl x 1,17 NaCl CaCO3 x 0,855 S H2S x 1,031 Si SİO x 2,14 SO4 Na2SO4 x 1,48 Figure V.2.11.1 Flowsheet of the Cooling Tower 189 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT V.2.12. Definition of the potential effects on forest lands and measures to be taken against these effects, The closest forestland to the project site is 2 km away and detailed information is given in Chapter IV.2.10. V.2.13. Definitions of the potential effects on agricultural lands and measures to be taken against these effects, measures to be taken to prevent possible soil contamination during the use of geothermal fluid, (and stating the opininon of Soil Conservation Commission), Any affect is not expected on agricultural lands since socalled project will operate completely in a closed system. Additionally, in case of failure in the system, a sealed pond of 15.000 m3 will be constructed and thus the effects on ground water, surface water contamination and soil pollution will be prevented. Opinion of Soil Conservation Commission has been taken in the scope of the project and it is given in the appendices (Rfr. App1.2). V.2.14. How and where to provide the needs of accomodational and other social/technical infrastructure needs of personnel to be employed in operations of the project and their families, New employment opportunities for the locals will be revealed after beginning the construction works and getting into operation. It is planned to employ around 100 personnel in the operation stage of the project; personnel demand will primarily be supplied from settlement areas close to project area. Furthermore, the operations will be an additional source of income for locals since commercial needs of employed workers will be supplied from settlement areas close to project site. It is expected that there will be realization of various investments in Aydın province and surrounding and emergence of new employment opportunities to people living in the region. Social needs of employed personnel will be supplied in powerhouse buildings. Technical needs will be supplied from settlement areas (Germencik and İncirliova) close to project site; if not, will be supplied from Aydın province. V.2.15. Detailing characteristic process of treatment plant applied for treatment of wastewater formed after use of water for drinking and using purposes in administrative and social units, The wastewater to be formed in land preparation, construction and operation stage of the project can be characterized by medium contaminated domestic wastewater property. According to literature information obtained as a result of long term researches unit contamination loads concerning the characteristic of domestic wastewater are presented in Table V.2.15.2. 190 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V.2.15.1. Places of Water Usage, Quantities, Supply Points, Wastewater Quantities and Disposal Methods of Wastewater OPERATION STAGE Water Use Water Quantity Water Supply Point Wastewater Quantity Disposal Method of Wastewater Wastewater will be collected in sealed sewage openings within the site in accordance with Drinking and using “Regulation on Openings to be Drinking and Using Water 100 people x 200 water will be constructed in Places unable to for 100 people to be lt/peopleday4 3 supplied by tankers 20 m /day Construct Sewage System” No: Employed in Operation =20.000 lt/day and available water 13873 on 19.03.1971 and when it Stage. =20 m3/day mains. gets almost full, it will be enabled to be disposed by being taken by tankers from related municipality for its fee. The water revealing after the use of geothermal resource Reinjection wells will be will not be disposed to opened that will be used any rivers or streams. in prevention of decrease Formation of of geothermal well wastewater is not in reservoir. question since it will be fed directly into the reinjection wells. Note 1: It is assumed that 100% of used water will return as wastewater. Table V.2.15.2. Total Contamination Load of Domestic Wastewater to be formed in Operation Stage Total Load in Land Preparation and Total Load in Unit load PARAMETER Construction Stage Operation Stage (mg/l) (kg/h) (kg/h) BOD5 220 0,48125 0,1375 COD 500 1,09375 0,3125 SS 220 0,48125 0,1375 Oilgrease 100 0,21875 0,0625 Total P 8 0,0175 0,0050 Total N 40 0,0875 0,0250 Total Cl 50 0,109375 0,03125 Total sulphur 30 0,065625 0,01875 Total organic carbon 160 0,35 0,1 pH 69 Source: Metcalf and Eddy. (2004). Wastewater Engineering; Treatment, Disposal and Reuse, Mc Graw Hill Book Company, New York, USA. Drinking and using water demand of the personnel to be employed in operation stage of the project will be supplied in licensed tankers. If water for the need of one person is assumed as 200 lt/day, quantity of drinking and using water for 100 people employed in operation stage will be; 100 people x 200 lt/peopleday5 = 20.000 lt/day = 20 m3/day. Quantity of domestic wastewater to be formed will be 20 m3/day with the assumption that whole used water will return as wastewater (Rfr. Table V.2.15.1.). Domestic wastewater to be formed in operation stage will be collected in sealed sewage openings within the site in accordance with “Regulation on Openings to be constructed in Places unable to Construct Sewage System” No: 13873 on 19.03.1971 and when it get almost full, it will be enabled to be disposed by being taken by tankers from related municipality for its fee since there are no sewage systems in project area and surrounding existing. 4 Regulation Concerning Water İntended for Human Consumption 5 Regulation Concerning Water İntended for Human Consumption 191 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project is not located on any of the areas stated in 17. and 20. Articles of Regulation on Control of Water Pollution enacted by the Official Gazette No: 25687 and published on 31.12.2004; it will be acted in accordance with the terms of mentioned regulation and the terms of The Regulation Concerning Amendment in Regulation on Control of Water Pollution enacted by the Official Gazette No: 26876 and published on 13.02.2008 in land preparation and construction stages of the project. Additionally, control, inspection and monitoring analysis of drinking and utility water that is the need of the personnel employed in operation stage of the mentioned project will be performed annually by laboratories accredited and authorized by the Ministry of Health according to the criteria of Regulation Concerning Water İntended for Human Consumption enacted by the Official Gazette No: 25730 and published on 17/02/2005 and the reports will be preserved. V.2.16. Quantity and quality of solid wastes to be formed in administrative and social facilities, how and where to transport these wastes or for which purposes and how they will be utilized, It is possible to list the wastes to be formed during operation stage of the planned power plant as domestic solid wastes originating from personnel; waste oils, endofuse tires, vegetable oils, batteries and accumulators, packing wastes and medical wastes. Formation of domestic solid wastes will be in question sourced by 100 personnel to be employed in operation of the plant. With the assumption of 1,28 kg(6) solid waste quantity from one person, the total domestic solid wastes in a day will be; 100 people x 1,28 kg/day = 128 kg/day. Recyclable wastes (metals, cartoons, plastics, etc.) and nonrecyclable wastes (organic wastes, etc.) among domestic solid wastes to be formed in the plant will be collected and stored separately in closed containers placed within project site and the plant site. The disposal of these wastes will be enabled by giving recyclable wastes to licensed recycling companies and giving nonrecoverable wastes to solid waste collecting system of Germencik and/or İncirliova Municipalities. Maximum attention will be given to the subject that disposal of possible domestic solid wastes (organic wastes like food wastes) to receiver environments like seas, lakes and similar receiving environments and roads is forbidden as stated in 18. Article of Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes enacted by the Official Gazette No: 20814 and published on 14.03.1991, it will be enabled to obey both this forbiddance and all terms of “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes”. Packing Wastes: Wastes like packing paper, plastic bottles, glass, etc. will be collected separate from other wastes in accordance with 27. Article of “Regulation on Control of Packing Waste” without considering where the material was used and its source and they will be utilized by selling to licensed recycling companies. Packing wastes being in dangerous scope will be disposed by delivering to licensed firms in this subject as to be disposed; and it will be paid attention that transportation of these wastes will be done by licensed vehicles. 6 Soruce: http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/Bolgesel/tabloOlustur.do 192 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Waste Oils: Insulation oils are used in transformators. When insulation oil overflow or pour on ground due to large scale failure conditions, during oil transfer operations to be performed, due to accidents to be occurred, its seepage to the soil will be prevented by pouring out sand, gravel or sawdust on the spilled oil and then they will be stored by collecting in barrels. The life of used insulation oil is between 2530 years. The disposal of insulation oils those has consumed their lifetimes will be done in licensed disposal plants in the manner stated in Article 9 of second section of “Regulation on Control of Waste Oils” enacted by the Official Gazette and published on 30.07.2008. The transportation of wastes to disposal plants will be done with licensed carrier vehicles. The circumstances anticipated about transportation and storage of waste oils in 4. and 5. sections of “Regulation on Control of Waste Oils” will be fulfilled until the transfer to disposal plants; they will be stored in temporary storage places at the site constructed suitable to standards stated in “Regulation on Control of Waste Oils” and then they will be utilized by selling to companies licensed by the Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning by tender offer. Furthermore, “Regulation on Control of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) and Polychlorinated Terphenyls (PCT) and “Regulation on Control of Waste Oils”. Waste Vegetable Oils: Frying oils to be formed in cafeteria within the plant site in operation stage of the project will be collected separate from other wastes in clean and closed containers. Used frying oils will not be disposed to sewage system, soil, seas or similar receiver environments in order to protect the environment. In this context, the terms of “Regulation on Control of Waste Vegetable Oils” enacted by Official Gazette No: 25791 and published on 19.04.2005 will be fulfilled for the disposal of waste vegetable oils. Waste Batteries and Accumulators: Endofuse batteries and accumulators in the plant will be collected separately from domestic wastes as stated in 13. Article of “Regulation on Control of Waste Batteries and Accumulators” enacted by Official Gazette No: 25569 and published on 31.08.2004 to prevent direct or indirect disposal to receiver environments in a way that adversely affect the environment and will be disposed by delivering to licensed collection spots and temporary storage places. Scrap Tires (Tires With Expired Useful Life): Separate collection of all other scrap tires except from bicycle and solid tires and will be sold to licensed companies. In this context, the circumstances anticipated by “Regulation on Control of Scrap Tires” enacted by Official Gazette No: 26357 and published on 25.11.2006 will be fulfilled. Medical Wastes: A medical unit for outpatients will be established to interfere with health problems of people to be employed in operation stage of the mentioned plant. The quantity of wastes to be formed in medical unit is not exactly determined; but it is expected that it will be in minor amounts. 193 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT All medical wastes possible to form in medical unit will be collected in untearable, holeproof, explosionproof, transportable redcolored plastic bags produced from original medium density polyethylene, leakproof raw material doublebase stiches, with double layer thickness of 100 microns, with minimum holding capacity of 10 kilograms and carrying the sign “International Biohazard” and “DANGER OF MEDICAL WASTE” in visible size and in both sides. The bags will be firmly closed by filling at most ¾ of their capacity and certain leakproofness will be provided by putting this bag into another bag with same properties. Wastes with cutting and sharpness properties will be collected separate from other medical wastes in holeproof, untearable, waterproof and leakproof, unbreakable and explosionproof, unopened and impossible to confuse, laminar or cartoon boxes or containers carrying same properties with the plastic bags carrying the emblem “International Biohazard” and the sign “DANGER! CUTTING AND SHARP MEDICAL WASTE”. These collection containers will be filled at most in ¾ ratios and will be put in red plastic bags in closed manner. Cuttingsharp waste containers will absolutely not be squeezed, opened, emptied and recycled after filled. Medical wastes formed will be stored separate from other wastes in accordance with the statement “liabilities of medical waste producers” stated in 8. Article of “Regulation on Control of Medical Wastes” enacted by Official Gazette No: 25833 and published on 22.07.2005 and the disposal will be enabled in the frame of the protocol with Aydın Municipality. The terms of related regulation concerning collection and separation of medical wastes at the source will be fulfilled. All possible wastes to be formed in the scope of the plant will be temporarily stored in an area with providing sealed ground by separately collecting according to types of waste. Consequently, during the operation period of the project the regulations listed below will be observed. Environmental Law No: 2872 and Law concerning Amendment in Environmental Law No: 5491 Labour Law No: 4857 Application Regulation of Geothermal Resources and Natural Mineral Waters Law No: 5686 Aquacultural Law numbered 1380 and Regulation Occupational Health and Safety Regulation (Enacted by the Official Gazette No: 14765 published on 11.01.1974) Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes and amendments in this regulations (Enacted by the Official Gazette No: 20814 published on 14.03.1991) (The amendments enacted by The Official Gazette numbered 20834 and dated 03.04.1991, The Official Gazette numbered 21150 and dated 22.02.1992, The Official Gazette numbered 22099 and dated 02.11.1994, The Official Gazette numbered 23464 and dated 15.09.1998, The Official Gazette numbered 23790 and dated 18.08.1999, The Official Gazette numbered 24034 and dated 29.04.2000, The Official Gazette numbered 24736 and dated 25.04.2002, The Official Gazette numbered 25777 and dated 05.04.2005). 194 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Regulation on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Debris Waste (Enacted by the Official Gazette numbered 25406 published in 18.03.2004) Regulation on Industrial Based Air Pollution and amendments in regulations (Enacted by the Official Gazette numbered 27277 published on 03.07.2009) (The amendments enacted by The Official Gazette numbered 27537 and dated 30.03.2010, The Official Gazette numbered 28080 and dated 10.10.2011, The Official Gazette numbered 28263 and dated 13.14.2012, The Official Gazette numbered 28325 and dated 16.06.2012) Regulation on Control of Water Pollution and amendments in regulation (Enacted by the Official Gazette numbered 25687 published on 31.12.2004) (The amendments enacted by The Official Gazette numbered 26786 and dated 13.02.2008, The Official Gazette numbered 27537 and dated 30.03.2010, The Official Gazette numbered 27914 and dated 24.04.2011, The Official Gazette numbered 28244 and dated 25.03.2012. Regulation on Control of Packing Wastes (Enacted by the Official Gazette No: 28035 published on 24.08.2011) Regulation on Control of Waste Oils and amendments in regulation (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 26952 published on 30.07.2008) (The amendment enacted by the Official Gazette numbered 27537 published on 30.03.2010) Regulation on Control of Medical Wastes (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 25883 published on 22.07.2005) (The amendments enacted by the Official Gazette No: 27537 published on 30.03.2010 and by the Official Gazette numbered 28131 published on 03.12.2011) Regulation on Control of Waste Batteries and Accumulators (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 25569 published on 31.08.2004) (The amendment enacted by the Official Gazette numbered 27537 published on 30.03.2010) Regulation on Control of Scrap Tires (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 26357 published on 25.11.2006) (The amendment enacted by the Official Gazette numbered 27537 published on 30.03.2010) Regulation on Control of Exhaust Gas Emission (Enacted by Official Gazette numbered 27910 published on 04.04.2009) Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 25755 published in 14.03.2005) (The amendment enacted by the Official Gazette numbered 27537 published on 30.03.2010) 195 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Regulation on Control of Waste Vegetable Oils (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 25791 published on 19.04.2005) (The amendment enacted by the Official Gazette numbered 27537 published on 30.03.2010) The Notice on Project Approval of Wastewater Treatment/Deep Sea Discharge Plant enacted by the Official Gazette numbered 1239 published on 15.03.2012 (2012/9) Regulation concerning Permits and Licenses necessary to be taken in the scope of Environmental Law (Enacted by Official Gazette numbered 27214 published on 29.04.2009) V.2.17. Risky and hazardous operation in terms of human health and environment in operation stage of the project and measures to be taken, Any hazardous, toxic, inflammable or explosive materials will not be used during operation in planned power plants. However it is expected that insulation oils would form due to maintenance and repair works to be done at the switch house site. Apart from that, precautions will be taken against possible fires during operation stage and an emergency response plan will be established for other emergencies (sabotage, fire, earthquakes, etc.). Detailed information about this subject is given in appendices (Rfr. App11). Furthermore, all operations concerning use, transportation and storage of various chemical substances to be used during operation of the power plant will be performed by only qualified personnel in accordance with previously prepared directives. Related legislation of The Labour Law No: 4857 will be obeyed in the subject of all health and safety rules and occupational health and safety determined by regulations in order to prevent all possible risks devoted to human health in all stages of the project. In this context, Efe Geothermal Power Plant will not lead to any significant adverse effects in terms of human health and environment provided that taking proposed measurements concerning stated risks in the scope of EIA Report. Moreover, “Regulation on Measures to be taken in Workplaces and Works Operated with Inflammable, Explosive, Dangerous and Hazardous Materials” enacted by the Official Gazette No: 7551 and published on 27.11.1973 in case of usage of materials showing dangerous, inflammable and explosive properties in the plant. V.2.18. Electromagnetic field strengths due to power tranmission lines planned to be established between the units and its effects, comparison with national and international standards, explanation of measures to be taken by considering possible effects in terms of human and environment, There are types of electromagnetic radiations like radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, xrays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays according to wavelengths, frequencies and energies. Main radiation types can be divided into two groups as ionizing and nonionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is the radiation type that directly or indirectly ionizes the atoms in the medium by transmitting its energy into the medium while passing through the material. 196 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT The radiation sourced by base stations that are immobile communication devices, radio and television transmitters and transformer stations of power transmission lines and electrical household appliances (microwave ovens, shaving devices, hairdryers, etc.) is classified in the electromagnetic radiation group and defined as nonionizing radiation. It is possible to divide the effects of electromagnetic waves radiating from Power Transmission Lines into two groups as “magnetic” and “electrical”. Magnetic field is directly proportional with the current passing in wire while electrical field is proportional with the voltage. Electrical fields are produced by voltage and gets more intense by increasing voltage. The intensity of electrical field is measured as volt/meter (V/m). Magnetic field is however the force applied by dynamic and charged particles to other charged particles. The current forms a circular and continuous field. Magnitude and direction of magnetic field show variations according to intensity of the current. Magnitude of magnetic field is measured in Gauss (G). There are several researches conducted on the effects of electrical and magnetic field on biological life. Especially evaluations of the effects on human health are performed in a few stages in these researches. These stages are exact determination of biological effects, how these effects influence human health and the frequencies. According to results of the researches, there are cancer risks found out according to some “risk factors”. For example, if risk factor is 2, it reveals that it is two times possibility to get cancer than the control group. Proven potential risk factors are presented in Table V.2.18.1. Table V.2.18.1. Relative Risks of Factors Possibly Causing Cancer Relative Factor (Cancer Type) Reference Risk Smoking (Lung Cancer)* 10 40 Wyner and Hoffman 1982 Workers working with Benzene (Leukemia)2 1.5 20 Sandler and Collman 1987 Occupational Contact with Asbestos (Lung Cancer)2 26 Fraumeni and Blot1982 Prenatal XRays (Child Cancer) 24 Harvey et al 1985 Ambient Tobacco Smoke / Passive Smoking (Lung 2 23 Fielding and Phenow1988 Cancer) Hair Dye(Leukemia) 1.8 Cantor et al. 1988 Transmission Lines (Child Cancer)) 13 Wertheimer and Leeper1979 Savitz et al Saccharine (Bladder Cancer) 1526 IARC1987 Excessive Alcohol (Mouth Cancer)2 14233 Tuyns1982 Electrical Works (Leukemia) 1419 Savitz and Calle1987 Coffee (Bladder Cancer) 1326 Morison and Cole 1987 Chlorinated Surface Water (Bladder Cancer) 1323 Subcommittee on Disinfectants ByProducts1987 1Monson (1980) defined the relative risk levels as below: Relative Risk Rate of Relation 2 It is believed that they generally verify the Cause – Effect 1012 Non Relation 1215 Weak 3 Alcohol together with heavy smoking increases the risk of 1530 Mid Mouth Cancer up to 155. 30100 Strong >100 Infinite 197 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Source: Electrical Fields and Magnetic Fields, Volume II, TEC Directorate of Environment Office, April 2001 The values given in this table are the results of the statistical studies. The fact that separating the potential effects from each other is very difficult and the effects suppress or enhance the other effects can be also be understood from the values of the table. The negative effects of the electrical and magnetic fields on the human life has not been proven yet. The magnetic field strength can be found in the electrical home appliances that we use in our daily lives at various levels. The values of magnetic field strength in our electrical home appliances are presented in Table V.2.18.2 Tablo V.2.18.2. Magnetic Field Strengths of the Electrical Home Appliances Distance From the 15 cm 333 cm 666 cm 1332 cm Source Hair Dryer Low 1 Medium 300 1 High 700 70 10 1 Electrical Shaver Low 4 Medium 100 20 High 600 100 10 1 Food Processor Low 30 5 Medium 70 10 2 High 100 20 3 Dish Washer Low 10 6 2 Medium 20 10 4 High 100 30 7 1 Garbage Grinder Low 60 8 1 Medium 80 10 2 High 100 20 3 Mixer Low 30 5 Medium 100 10 1 High 600 100 10 Microwave Oven Low 100 1 1 Medium 200 4 10 2 High 300 200 30 20 Distance from the 15 cm 333 cm 666 cm 1332 cm Source Washing Machine Low 4 1 Medium 20 7 1 High 100 30 6 Vacuum Cleaner Low 100 20 4 Medium 300 60 10 1 High 700 200 50 10 Electrical Saw Low 50 9 1 Medium 200 40 5 High 1000 300 40 4 Electrical Drill Low 100 20 3 Medium 150 30 4 High 200 40 6 Source: Electrical Fields and Magnetic Fields, Volume I, TEC Directorate of Environment Office, April 2001 It is not exactly known that how and at what degrees is the human life effected by the magnetic field. However in some countries limit values are set for the energy transmission lines and a safety zone was reserved. 198 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT In Turkey there isn’t any standard or regulation related to electrical and magnetic fields sourced by energy transmission lines. The “Regulation on Electric Power Installations” enacted by Official Gazette No. 24246 published on 30.11.2000, brought some limitations to the distances of the energy transmission lines to the residential areas, roads and plants and connected the permits for establishing the lines to these provisions. The limit values for the 50/60 Hz electrical and magnetic fields determined with the cooperation of the International Radiation Protection Committee (IRPA) International NonIonizing Radiation Committee (INIRC) and World Health Organisation (WHO) and with the support of United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) are presented in Table V.2.18.3. Table V.2.18.3. Limit Values for 50/60 Hz. Electrical and Magnetic Fields Exposure Conditions Electrical Field (kV/m) Magnetic Field (Gauss) Full Day 10 5 Worker Short Term (2 hr/day) 30 50 Organs 250 24 hr/day 5 1.05 Public A few hours a day 10 10.05 Source: Zipse1993 Table V.2.18.4. Electrical And Magnetic Fields Sourced By The High Voltage Electricity Transmission Facilities (Right Below The Overhead Line, Right Above The Subsurface Line, The Approximate Measurement Interval On Transformer Centre’s (TC) Fence) Plant Type Electric Field (kV/m) Magnetic Field (mG) 154 kV ETL 0.000820.364 713,6 380 kV ETL 0.222 5.0 2,786 European Commission Advisory 5 1000 Decision ETL: Energy Transmission Line Source: Electrical and Magnetic Fields, TEC Directorate Environment Office Conclusively, while the negative effects of the electromagnetic fields on the biological lives could not be proven yet, it is seen that the magnetic fields emissioned from the electrical home appliances that we frequently use in our daily lives, have higher strengths compared to the energy transmission lines (Rfr. Table V.2.18.4 and Table V.2.18.5). In Turkey, the first and single extensive study related to the electrical field and magnetic field sourced by the high voltage electrical transmission lines was carried out by abrogated Turkish Electrical Company and the National Metrology Institute of Scientific and Technical Authority of Turkey. In the scope of this study measurements were conducted at various points at various lines and plants, such as the TC and ETL’s in Akköprü Gölbaşı. Table V.2.18.5. Electrical and Max. Field Strength Sourced by the High Voltage Electricity Transmission Facilities Voltage(kV) Electrical Field Strength Max. Field Strength(mG) 154 kV EİH 0,82364 (V/m) 7.0013,6 154 kV Subsurface Cable 0,653.80 (V/m) 2,6026,90 380 kV .GIS 0,2225,0 (kV/m) 2,7086 (154+34.5)kV GIS 0,624.90 (V/m) 35165 (154+34.5) kV TM 0,1874.38 (kV/m) 29,1149 (380+154) kV TM 0,63(V/m) – 6.0 (kV/m) 0,6071 199 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT V.2.19. While the project is in operation assesing the cumulative impacts together with the other geothermal plants in the region, As it can be seen from the geothermal potential calculation submitted to Province Special Administration, the region where only the mentioned plant’s license site exists was evaluated. Therefore the system was evaluated according to the license area capacity. V.2.20. Other properties. There isn’t any other issue to be addressed in this section. V.3. The Impacts of the Project on the Socio-Economic Environment (***) (***) In this section interviews need to be made with the local people, who will be effected by the projects realisation, especially about the agricultural areas to be sold out, preserving the integrity of expropriation and relocation issues. Detailed information related to socioeconomic properties of Aydın Province, Germencik and Incirliova District where the project will be established are presented below. V.3.1. The expected increase in the income with the project’s realisation; population movements, migrations, education, health, culture, other social and techincal infrastructure services and changes in the condition of being beneficiated from such services, etc., In the socioeconomic development index prepared by State Planning Organisation in 2003, Aydın province rank 22. and is one of the developed provinces in Turkey. When the sectorial distribution of gross domestic products (GDP) of the province (year 2000) is reviewed, services sector rank first with 62,7% and it is followed by agriculture (% 27,2) and industry (% 10,2). Besides in the period between 1987 – 2001 services has become the fastest growing sector in the province with a 3,4% growing rate. In Aydın Province, when the general structure of manufacturing industry is reviewed, the subsectors as the food products and drinking manufacturing, textile products, mining and quarries and nonmetallic minerals production are the remarkable ones. Food products and drinking sector; was remarkable in Turkish Statistical Institute 2001 General Census of the Workplaces, inprovince per cent and concentration indications, the Preferences of the Provincial Chamber of Industries and with the choices realised with the foreign capital. The sector becomes prominent in the province and it is also seen that the sectorial share in the province is higher than its sectorial share in the country. Textile production; becomes prominent in Turkish Statistical Institute 2001 exporting inprovince per cent indications and in the Preferences of the Provincial Chamber of Industries. Besides, in the province the share of textile sector in exports is by far the leader. The subsectors of “Cotton textile”, “Ready Textile Products” and “Preparation and Weaving of Natural and Synthetic Cotton Fibre” are the most important ones. Mining and Quarrying; becomes prominent in Turkish Statistical Institute 2001 export inprovince per cent indications, in the Preferences of the Provincial Chamber of Industries and the realised incentive investments. It can be seen that the share of mining in province is higher than its share in mining in Turkey. It is also seen that the labour productivity of the sectors is better than the Turkey’s average. 200 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Nonmetallic other mineral products are also recognisable in the indications of the private sector labour efficiencies and export. “Cutting, Shaping the Decoration and Constructional Stones and Making them Useable” is the most remarkable subsector. The remarkable sectors in Aydın Province (The Prominent Industrial Sectors in the Provinces, Undersecretariat of State Planning Organisation, Directorate of Regional Development and Structural Adjustment, 2006); Manufacturing of Food Products and Beverages; Bread, fresh bakeries and fresh cakes, Processing and storing the fruit and vegetables, which are not classified in anywhere else, Biscuit, durable bakery and confectionery products, Manufacturing of refined, saturated and vegetable oils, Manufacturing of raw, liquid and saturated fats, Manufacturing of milled cereal. Textile Products; Cotton Weaving, Manufacturing ready textile products other than clothing, Preparation and spinning natural and synthetic cotton fibre. Mining and Quarrying; Lignite Mining and Briquetting Other mining and quarrying operation that are not classified in any where else , Sand and gravel quarries, Quarries of decoration and construction stones Production of Nonmetallic other minerals; Cutting decoration and construction stones, shaping and making them useable, Manufacturing the refractory ceramic materials, Manufacturing tile, briquette tile and construction material from fired clay, Manufacturing other type of ceramics. V.3.2. Environmental Benefit – Cost Analysis Turkey has rich geothermal sources and ranks 7. in the world in terms of its potential. In our country research studies related to geothermal energy has been carried out since 1962 by Mineral Research and Exploration Institute (MRE) and the existence of more than 170 geothermal fields with temperatures over 3540 oC has been detected. The probable geothermal heat potential of Turkey is estimated about 31.500 MWt. By the end of year 2000, upon with the 304 thermal drilling performed by MRE, 2.046 MWt of the total probable potential was confirmed as proven potential. When the 600 MWt potential of the natural hot springs are added to this value the total proven geothermal potential increases up to 2.646 MWt. Depending on its temperature, the geothermal energy is primarily used in electricity generation and in domestic heating, greenhouse heating, thermal tourismtreatment, and industry and also in other various areas. Although our country has high level of geothermal potential, sufficient importance has not been given to the geothermal energy and it is not sufficiently used. Only 3% of our probable potential can be beneficiated. 201 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT With the commissioning the Efe Geothermal Energy Plant Project, there will be a significant contribution to the existing renewable and clean energy amount generated in Turkey, with the annual total 1.190 GWh energy. It will especially give a great benefit to Aydın Province and its surrounding. The environmental benefits of the project can be listed as below: It is far cleaner than the energy generation systems like nuclear plants, thermal power plants, It uses the renewable resources of the country, The extracted hot water can be used in green houses beside generating energy, Enhancing the roads in the project area and surrounding. The basic negative impacts of the project can be listed as below; The noise, vibration and dust emission that might form during the land preparation and construction stages of the project, The impacts that might occur on the ecosystem of Germencik and İncirliova Districts, The costs of the measures against the impacts on environment of the project as mentioned in the report. With the commissioning of the project operation, while a total of annual 1,190 GWh energy will be generated, the negative impacts on environment will be minimised by taking the necessary measures mentioned in EIA Report both during the land preparation and construction stages and during operation stage. V.3.3. Assesing the social impacts depending on thew realisation of the project. (The irrigation projects in the project area and in its effective area, farming, animal breeding and tourism activities as well as all the other activities, the impact of project on these, whether the heat, emerged during the emperature adjustment to be made for the reinjection of the geothermal fluid, can be used in green houses, contribution of the project to the heating activities in the region, the relationship of the people who will work during the construction and operation of the project with the locals, the impacts of these on the lives and Social İmpact Analysis with respect to Socio-Economic Issue, related to the integrated usage of geothermal source (social responsibility projects that will be conducted in terms of thermal tourism or green house activities), In the scope of Efe Geothermal Energy Plant Project that is planned to be established by Burç Geothermal Enterprise Electrical Generation Co. in Aydın Province, Germencik and Incirliova Districts, a Social Impact Assessment Report has been prepared. (Rfr. App.10). In the Social Impact Assessment Report quantitative data collection method was used. Among the quantitative investigation methods polls were conducted. 202 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT In the scope of Social Impact Assessment Report in order to explain the socio economic profile of the household residing in the vicinity of the project, the current situation in their living environments, their opinions about the project and expectations from the project, a field survey was conducted in the residential areas, which are in the influence area of the project, on 1819.03.2012. As interviewing with the whole households residing in the influence area of the project would not be possible because of time and economical related constraints, exemplification, having 90% reliability level ( +10% error rate), was selected and interviews with 75 houses was planned. During the field surveys interviews with those 75 houses was conducted. As the result of the performed social investigations is was observed that information was gathered from many various sources about the project. The ration of the ones stating that they were informed about the planned Efe Geothermal Energy Plant Project from friends or neighbours was 30,6%. The ratio of the ones stating that they were informed from the village headman was 47,2%, the ones who were informed from the investor company was 19,4%. The ones who were informed from newspaper/ press was 2,8%. (Rfr. App.10 Social Impact Report , Table 3.19). Based on these data it can be commented that the locals could not obtain reliable and real information about the project. Even though being informed from friends / neighbours would be natural, this would be quite deceiving in reflecting the reality. For this reason, the local people should be provided with the regular information and they need to be notified with correct information about the project. According to the interviewed people, the primary negative impact of the project would be the negative effects on the land and the products (61,1%). This is followed by the negative effects on the environment (27,8%). (Rfr. App.10 Social Impact Report , Table 3.24). The locals have issues about the potential negative effects of the project on themselves and their agricultural lands. The project should be explained to the them clearly and their issues should be resolved. 203 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT SECTION VI OPERATION, THE IMPACTS THAT MAY OCCUR AND CONTINUE AFTER THE CLOSURE OF THE PROJECT AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN AGAINST THESE IMPACTS BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT BÖLÜM VI: OPERATION, THE IMPACTS THAT MAY OCCUR AND CONTINUE AFTER THE CLOSURE OF THE PROJECT AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN AGAINST THESE IMPACTS (GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT, WELL LOCATIONS, PRODUCTION AND REINJECTION WELLS) VI.1. Land Reclamation and Development Works, In case the “EIA Positive” decision is taken for Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project; in order to maintain the availability of the project along its economical life, the systematic maintenance of the equipment will be performed and the equipment, whose service life would be expired, will be replaced. After the termination of the project license period, depending on the conditions of those days, the project might be reused for energy generation purpose after the revisions will be made on the operation. When the project area and its surrounding is planned to be used again for the similar purpose, carrying out a new environmental impact assessment would be meaningful so that the impacts of the project on the ecosystem in the following 30 years can be investigated, the differences compared to the todays current conditions can be revealed and new precautions can be taken. After the operation is fully decommissioned, the land will be reclaimed by dismantling the units and closing the opened wells. Natural landscaping will be carried out on the area of the project. These works will be carried out in concordance with the repair and rehabilitation project and plans that will be prepared for the after operation period by considering the existing conditions (land, climate, geomorphologic conditions etc.) Besides, the aim in the reclamation and development works to be performed will not be merely greening the field, but also bringing the used land back to its natural structure and enable to use the land for the most suitable purposes after the operation. In this context, the main purpose is to regenerate the nature and restore the original structure as well as redound the land beneficiation classes according to the sociocultural and economical demands of the public residing in the close vicinity of the project. VI.2. Impacts on the existing water sources, irrigation projects, As any geothermal source will not be extracted after the operation is decommissioned, any negative impact on the existing water sources due to Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project is not expected. VI.3. Seismic movements that may occur in underground. After the mentioned project is decommissioned, any seismic impact in underground is not expected. 204 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT SECTION VII THE ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT SECTION VII : ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT (In this section the selection of the location, technology, the precautions to be taken, comparing the alternatives and the order of the selections are addressed. As the project units effect the SHW irrigation project in a negative way, the alternative land comparisons will be performed in detail and all of the alternative areas will be evaluated by also taking the opinions of the Commission of Soil Protection) The geothermal resource, which is found in Aydın Province, Germencik and Incirliova locality, is the largest geothermal resource in our country and is the first location that is also beneficiated for energy purpose. Contributing the real potential of the site to the economy has been waited for long years and this project based on an Power Plant will achieve this target at highest level by bringing this potential to the national economy. In the scope of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project, it is planned to complete the projected construction and mounting works in 2,5 years. At the end of this period, with the start up of the system the Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project with 1672.5 MWe installed power is expected to generate in this current situation 1.190 GWh energy per year, which will be a contribution to the national development. Furthermore, the opinion of assent of Commission of Soil Protection and SHW 21. Regional Directorate are taken within the scope of the project and they can be found in the appendices (Rfr. App1.2 and App. 1.5). 205 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT SECTION VIII MONITORING PROGRAM BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT SECTION VIII: MONITORING PROGRAM VIII.1. The suggested monitoring program for the the construction of the activity, the suggested monitoring program for the operation activity and after operation stage and emergency response plan, Environment Management Team The negative and positive, biophysical and socioeconomic impacts of the projected Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project are examined in the scope of the EIA studies. In addition to this, in order to maintain the compliance of the project to the applicable laws and regulations and mitigate the impacts of the project on the environment and human health to a minimum level “monitoring works” will be carried out. This way, with the issues to be considered and complied and the commitments that are addressed in the EIA report and prepared by considering the impact mitigating measures, the approved plans, permits, conditions and necessities relevant to the project, the compliance will be fully provided. According to Item 18. of the Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment enacted by the Official Gazette No. 26939 published on 17.07.2008 (in the scope of the Environment Law No. 2872), during the construction, operation and after operation stages of the projects, which took “EIA Positive Decision” by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, environmental monitoring and auditing works will be conducted by the engineers being expert on their subjects and experts suitable to the project investment and performed in compliance with the provisions of the regulation. For this purpose, an “Environment Management System (EMS)” will be prepared by adhering to the Final EIA report and will be implemented in the project. The EMS that will be prepared related to monitoring the activities, will be addressed under 3 titles, which are land preparation and construction stage, operation stage and after operation stage. The purpose of the monitoring program is to gather the data relevant to the environmental conditions for determining the environmental impacts that might occur during the stages mentioned above, provide the compliance of the works to be performed in these stages with the relevant regulations and mitigate the environmental impact to a minimum level. For these purposes air emissions, wastewater, noise, wastes, excavation, permits etc. will be monitored. In the scope of the monitoring works of the project, monitoring related to the following subjects are suggested. During the whole stages of the project, all of the commitments that are included to the report, will be performed by the project owner and preventing any sort of disturbance to the communities residing in the surrounding area of the project and to the environment will be the responsibility of the project owner. In this period, it is recommended that an authorised person assigned by the company will follow up the performances of the monitoring works about the constraints that are addressed in the EIA report and the environmentally sensitive issues mentioned below. First of all, the environmental impacts caused by the planning, perconstruction, construction, operation and afteroperation stages of the project, measures that can be taken to prevent these impacts or mitigate to an environmentally friendly level and the responsible institutions / organisations are presented in Table VIII.1.1. in detail. Furthermore the “Monitoring Plan” that will be implemented for the project (parameters to be monitored, location of the monitored parameter, how and when it will be monitored and responsible institution/ organisation) are presented in Table VIII.1.2. 206 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table VIII.1.1. Mitigation Plan RESPONSIBLE STAGE ISSUE MITIGATING PRECAUTIONS INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS Prior to Land Provision of Ground Stability All construction works within the project; will be made in accordance with “Regulations on the Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Preparation and Buildings in an Earthquake Zone” published in the Official Gazette No. 26454 and Dated Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Construction 06.03.2007 by Abrogated Ministry of Public Works and Settlement and also in accordance with the provisions about the changes on the regulations published in the Official Gazette No. 26511 and dated 03.05.2007. Land Preparation and Historical, Cultural and If any cultural and natural properties are encountered during the implementation stage of the Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Construction Archaeological Assets project (land preparation and construction), closest museum directorate or Regional Directorate of Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Cultural and Natural Heritage will be informed. Museum Directorate, Regional Directorate of Cultural and Natural Heritage Land Preparation and Excavation Works Excavation works implemented during the land preparation and construction works of the planned Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Construction project will be made in accordance with “Regulations on the Control of Excavation Soil, Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Construction and Demolition Wastes” published in the Official Gazette No. 25406 and dated Germencik Municipality 18.03.2004. and/or İncirliova Municipality Land Preparation and Air Emissions During the land preparation works, the procedure will comply with the terms mentioned in Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Construction Industrial Based Air Pollution Control Regulation (IBAPCR) in Appendix1. To minimize the dust Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. existence in the field precautions will be carried out around the insitu emission source, such as the filling and discharging operation without dust tossing, rehabilitation of the mine roads, closure of the dampers with canvas during the material transportation, and keeping the upper part of material 10% moist. In addition, watertenders will be utilized in case of the need to reduce the dust formation on the roads due to the material transportation within the project. Land Preparation and Vehicle Emissions To minimize the emissions from the vehicles, all tools and equipment to be used will be checked in Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Construction routine controls; and the equipment in need of maintenance will be taken into service; and spare Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. equipment will be utilized instead until the end of maintenance, in accordance with 7. Item of “Regulation of Exhaust Gas Emission Control” published in the Official Gazette No. 27190 and dated 04.04.2009. Moreover, conformability of the implementation will be regarded in accordance with Traffic Law, especially for the loading standards of the vehicles. Land Preparation and Flood Prevention and During the excavation of foundation pit, necessary drainage precautions will be taken against the Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Construction Drainage case that perched water in sandgravel level and surface water can flow into the pit. In addition, Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. isolation measures against the water problem at the level of basement floor and seepage water Regional Directorate of problem, and also drainage precautions underneath the basement will be considered. General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (SHW) Land Preparation and Waste Water Wastewater will be treated in the wastewater treatment plant to be built. Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Construction Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Wastes in possible recycling condition (rubber, paper, plastic, etc.) and wastes in nonrecycling Burç Jeotermal Yatırım condition (organic waste, etc.) will be collected separately and accumulated in the closedmouth Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. containers located in various points on the project Land. Wastes in possible recycling condition will Aydın Municipality, Land Preparation and Solid Waste be treated in licensed recycling companies where wastes in nonrecycling condition will be Licensed Recycling Construction disposed in the solid waste disposal plant of Aydın Municipality. Company In addition, during the Land preparation and construction works, some iron, steel and packing 207 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT RESPONSIBLE STAGE ISSUE MITIGATING PRECAUTIONS INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS materials and similar solid wastes will exists in varying amounts, so the amounts can’t be calculated. However, these kinds of wastes will be collected as an junk material, stored in a proper place in the project area (within the site), and wastes in possible recycling condition will be re utilized and/or will be sent to licensed recycling company. Wastes in nonrecycling condition will be sent to the solid waste disposal plant of the related municipality for the disposal process. To sum up, the staff will be warned about the prohibition of the waste to be dumped to the seas, lakes, and similar environments, roads and forests in accordance with “Regulation of Solid Waste Control” No. 20814 and dated on 14.03.1991; and items related with the regulation will be carried out. Wastes such as packing paper, plastic bottle, and glass bottle will be accumulated separately from Burç Jeotermal Yatırım the other wastes disregarding the material type, in accordance with 27. Item of “Regulation on the Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Land Preparation and Control of Packaging and Packaging Waste”; and they will be evaluated by selling to licensed Municipality of Aydın, Packing Wastes Construction recycling companies. Packing wastes classified as dangerous will be disposed by the related Licensed Recycling licensed recycling companies; and transportation of the material from the site to the company will Company be carried out by licensed vehicles. Maintenance and repairs of the vehicles utilized in the construction stage will be carried out in their Burç Jeotermal Yatırım authorized technical services. However, if it is faced with an immediate repair and maintenance Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. requirement of vehicle in the plant, waste oils obtained from the process will be collected in a Licensed Recycling closed and impermeable vessel to prevent the pass of oil into the ground and / or water. Then, the Company collected waste oil will be sent to the recycling company licensed according to “Regulation on the Land Preparation and Waste Oils Control of Waste Oil” published in the Official Gazette No. 26952 and dated 30.07.2008. Construction In the case of maintenance and repairs of vehicles in the plant, the process will be carried out in a work area with a tightness floor and closed roof with penthouse. Maintenance and repairs works to be done will be compatible with “Regulation on Soil Pollution Control and Point Source Contaminated Sites” published in the Official Gazette No. 27605 and dated on 08.06.2010. Waste fried oil provided from the dining hall to be built inside of the plant will be collected in a Burç Jeotermal Yatırım closedmouth and clean vessel, apart from the other wastes. Used frying oil will not be discharged Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Land Preparation and Waste Vegetable Oils to sewer, land, sea, and other receiving environments to protect the nature of environment. Items Licensed Recycling Construction of “Regulation of Waste Vegetable Oils Control” published in the Official Gazette No. 25791 and Company, dated 19.04.2005 will be fulfilled to dispose the waste vegetable oils. Except for the tires of bikes and solid tires, all other scrap tires will be collected separately from Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Land Preparation and the other wastes and sold to the licensed companies. Within this scope, conditions on “Regulation Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Scrap Tires Construction of Scrap Tires Control” published in the Official Gazette No. 26357 and dated 25.11.2006 will be Licensed Recycling satisfied. Company To prevent the mixture of the endoflife batteries and accumulators with the environment, which is Burç Jeotermal Yatırım dangerous for both people and environment, they will be collected apart from the domestic wastes Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Land Preparation and Waste Batteries and in accordance with 13. Item of “Regulation on the Control of Waste Batteries and Accumulators” Licensed Recycling Construction Accumulators published in the Official Gazette No. 25569 and dated 31.08.2004. Then, they will be sent to the Company licensed collecting points to be disposed. It is not possible to predict the amount of medical wastes from the medical room unit that is for the Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Land Preparation and treatment of health problems of the staff working in the Land preparation and construction stage. Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Medical Wastes Construction However, it is estimated that the amount of the waste will be in small amounts. Possible medical Municipality of Aydın wastes will be collected apart from the other wastes in accordance with 8. Item of “Regulation on 208 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT RESPONSIBLE STAGE ISSUE MITIGATING PRECAUTIONS INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS the Control of Medical Wastes” published in the Official Gazette No. 25883 and dated 22.07.2005; and the wastes will be sent to the medical waste collection centres of the hospitals in District of Germencik and / or Province of Aydın to be disposed. The community will be informed about the operations to be performed. Construction work will be Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Land Preparation and Noise and Vibration carried out within the working hours specified in the related regulation. In the construction works, Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Construction minimum number of the vehicles will be operated at the same time. Staff needs (qualified – unqualified) will be supplied from the local region as much as possible. Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Housing and Other Technical People outside the region will utilize the site buildings inside the plant. Requirements of the Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Land Preparation and / Social Infrastructure Needs employees will be met from the administrative plants to be built inside the project site, as far as Construction of the Staff possible. If there is not enough amount of supply, the need will be met from District of Germencik, closest settlement area to the site. Before the start of project operations, an occupational health and safety plan will be constituted by Burç Jeotermal Yatırım the investment company. Construction works will be performed under the provisions of “Health Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. and Safety Regulation in the Construction Works” introduced by Ministry of Labour and Social Security and published in the Official Gazette No. 25325 and dated 23th December 2003, to Land Preparation and Occupational Health and determine the minimum health and safety conditions in the construction work. Construction Safety During the Land preparation, construction, and installation stages within the project: legislations will be satisfied according to Public Health Law in Turkey with number of 1593, Labour Law No. 4857, and Law on Food Production, Consumption and Inspection No. 5179, and related statutory rules and orders. It will be concerned about the following transportation items within the project: (i) the transportation Burç Jeotermal Yatırım will be carried out from the existing roads, (ii) provision of supplies will be made alternately (iii) all Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. tools and equipment to be used will be checked in routine controls; and equipment in need of Land Preparation and maintenance will be taken into service, (iv) spare equipment will be utilized instead of the Transportation Construction equipment in service until the end of maintenance, (v) especially, loading operations will be concerned to be done in accordance with the loading standards. In all stages of the project, this kind of operations will be fulfilled in accordance with the Highway Traffic Law (2918) and all applicable laws and regulations about the highway transportation. Land Preparation and Some equipment such as warning signs, barriers, strips etc. will be located in the working area to Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Public Safety Construction prevent the cause about the loss of life and property during the operation. Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Land Preparation and For the prevention of visual and noise pollution, landscaping will be done around the project area. Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Landscape Works Construction Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Domestic and industrial wastewaters will be collected with the help of the wastewater network line Burç Jeotermal Yatırım to be built. The collected wastewaters will be transmitted to waste water treatment facility. Treated Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Operation Waste Water water will be disposed with discharging to the closest receiving environment after providing the standards of the Regulation on the Control of Water Pollution (WPCR). To minimize the emissions from the vehicles, all tools and equipment to be used will be checked in Burç Jeotermal Yatırım routine controls and equipment in need of maintenance will be taken into service, and spare Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. equipment will be utilized instead until the end of maintenance, in accordance with 7. Item of Operation Vehicle Emissions “Regulation of Exhaust Gas Emission Control” published in the Official Gazette No. 27190 and dated 04.04.2009. Moreover, conformability of the implementation will be regarded in accordance with Traffic Law, especially for the loading standards of the vehicles. It will be complied with the limit values and the rules in the Regulation on the Control of Industrial Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Operation Air Emissions Air Pollution (IBAPCR) and the necessary measures will be taken for the emission values arising Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. 209 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT RESPONSIBLE STAGE ISSUE MITIGATING PRECAUTIONS INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS from all plants. All conditions in the “Regulation of Air Quality Assessment and Management General Directorate For (AQAMR)” published in the Official Gazette No. 26898 and dated 06.06.2008 will be fulfilled. In Environmental addition, after the adaptation of the EU limit values on the Turkish Regulations, ongoing Management, technological developments will be utilized for the reduction of gas and particulates to satisfy those limit values. When foundation pit is excavated during the construction, it is regarded that perched waters and Burç Jeotermal Yatırım surface waters in a layer of sandgravel can reach the foundation pit; hence, the pumping Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Flood Prevention and Operation precautions will be taken. Moreover, isolation and drainage measures at the bottom of the Drainage foundation pit will be taken against the surface and leakage of the water at the levels of the basement. Wastes in possible recycling condition (rubber, paper, plastic, etc.) and wastes in nonrecycling Burç Jeotermal Yatırım condition (organic waste, etc.) will be collected separately and accumulated in the closedmouth Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. containers located in various points on the project Land. Wastes in possible recycling condition will Municipality of Aydın, be treated in licensed recycling companies where wastes in nonrecycling condition will be Licensed Recycling disposed in the solid waste disposal plant of Aydın Municipality. Company Operation Solid Waste It will be given a special attention for the prevention of domestic solid wastes (leftovers etc. organic wastes) to be dumped to the seas, lakes, and similar environments, roads in accordance with 18. Item of “Regulation on the Control of Solid Waste” No. 20814 and dated 14.03.1991. All provisions of “Regulation on the Control of Solid Waste” related with the regulation will be carried out. Wastes such as packing paper, plastic bottle, and glass bottle will be accumulated separately from Burç Jeotermal Yatırım the other wastes without considering the material type, in accordance with 27. Item of “Regulation Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. on the Control of Packaging and Packaging Waste”; and they will be evaluated by selling to Municipality of Aydın, Operation Packing Wastes licensed recycling companies. Packing wastes classified as dangerous will be disposed by the Licensed Recycling related licensed recycling companies and transportation of the material from the site to the Company company will be carried out by licensed vehicles. According to project, the collected waste oil will be sent to the recycling company licensed Burç Jeotermal Yatırım according to 2nd part of “Regulation of Waste Oil Control” published in the Official Gazette No. Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. 26952 and dated 30.07.2008 and their disposal will be occurred here. Moreover, waste oils etc. Licensed Recycling solid waste contaminated with dangerous substances will be sent to the licensed recycling Company company and they will be disposed there. Operation Waste Oils Until the transportation of waste material to the recycling company, the wastes will be stored and transported separately in the temporary storages compatible with the standards. These processes will be carried out based on their categories according to the conditions on 4th and 5th parts of the “Regulation on the Control of Waste Oil”. Waste oils will be transported to the recycling plants with a licensed vehicle. The responsibilities of the waste oil manufactures will be complied according to 9. Item of “Regulation on the Control of Waste Oil”. Waste frying oil provided from the refectory to be built inside of the plant will be collected in a Burç Jeotermal Yatırım closedmouth and clean vessel, apart from the other wastes. Used frying oil will not be discharged Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Operation Waste Vegetable Oils to sewer, land, sea, and other receiving environments to protect the environment. Items of Licensed Recycling “Regulation of Waste Vegetable Oils Control” published in the Official Gazette No. 25791 and Company dated 19.04.2005 will be fulfilled to dispose the waste vegetable oils. 210 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT RESPONSIBLE STAGE ISSUE MITIGATING PRECAUTIONS INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS To prevent the mixture of the endoflife batteries and accumulators with the environment, Burç Jeotermal Yatırım dangerous for both people and environment, they will be collected apart from the domestic wastes Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Waste Batteries and Operation in accordance with 13. Item of “Regulation on the Control of Waste Batteries and Accumulators” Accumulators pressed in the Official Gazette No. 25569 and dated 31.08.2004. Then, they will be sent to the licensed collecting points to be disposed. Except for the tires of bikes and solid tires, all other Scrap Tires will be collected separately from Burç Jeotermal Yatırım the other wastes and sold to the licensed companies. Within this scope, conditions on “Regulation Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Operation Scrap Tires of Scrap Tires Control” pressed in the Official Gazette No. 26357 and dated in 25.11.2006 will be Licensed Recycling satisfied. Company All possible medical wastes in the infirmary will be put in the red plastic bags which are (i) resistant Burç Jeotermal Yatırım to tearing, puncture, explosion and carriage, (ii) made of impermeable raw material that is the Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. original medium density polyethylene, doublestitched, with a double thickness of 100 microns, (iii) Municipality of Aydın having a hoist capacity of 10 kilograms, (iv) having a logo of “International BioRisk” and an expression “ATTENTION MEDICAL WASTE” on the both sides that be easily seen. The bags are filled up to ¾ of its volume at most and its mount will be tightly closed. If necessary, the bags will be put in to an additional bag with the same characteristics for the strict impermeability. Wastes in capable of cutting and piercing properties will be collected apart from the other medical wastes. They will be packaged in plastic or laminated cardboard box or containers with similar characteristics which are (i) resistant to tearing, breaking, and explosion, (ii) waterproof and Operation Medical Wastes impermeable, (iii) in a capable of nonopened and nonmixed, (iv) having a logo of “International BioRisk” and expressions such as “ATTENTION! CUTTING AND PIERCING MEDICAL WASTE” on the sides. . The storage bags are filled ¾ of its volume at most and putted into red plastic bags with closed mouth. After filling the cutting and piercing waste bags, they will not be compressed, opened, discharged, and recycled. The medical wastes will be collected apart from the other wastes based on “Regulations on the Manufactures of Medical Wastes” in accordance with 8. Item of “Regulation on the Control of Medical Wastes” published in the Official Gazette No. 25883 and dated 22.07.2005. Disposal of the wastes will be provided by signing protocol with the Province of Aydin. Regulation conditions related to the separation and collection of the medical wastes will be complied. After the start of the operations, noise measurements will be performed. Protective cloths and Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Operation Noise and Vibration tools such as earmuffs, ear protector, etc. as stated in “Labour Law” No. 4857 will be provided in Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. the cases that the noise measurement values are higher than the limit values. All health and safety rules and related occupational health and safety issues stated in legislation of Burç Jeotermal Yatırım the labour law No. 4857 will be complied to prevent all the risks for the staff during the operational Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. state of the project. Occupational Health and Operation Safety Within the project, legislations will be satisfied according to Public Health Law in Turkey with number of 1593, Law on Food Production, Consumption and Inspection No. 5179, and related statutory rules and orders. Some equipment such as warning signs, barriers, strips etc. will be located in the working area to Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Operation Public Safety prevent the cause about the loss of life and property during the operation. Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. It will be concerned about the following transportation items within the project: (i) the transportation Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Operation Transportation will be carried out from the existing roads, (ii) provision of supplies will be made alternately (iii) all Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. 211 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT RESPONSIBLE STAGE ISSUE MITIGATING PRECAUTIONS INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS tools and equipment to be used will be checked in routine controls; and equipment in need of maintenance will be taken into service, (iv) spare equipment will be utilized instead of the equipment in service until the end of maintenance, (v) especially, loading operations will be concerned to be done in accordance with the loading standards. In all stages of the project, this kind of operations will be fulfilled in accordance with the Highway Traffic Law (2918) and all applicable laws and regulations about the highway transportation. Housing and Other Technical The staff need will be supplied from the local region as much as possible; housing and other Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Operation / Social Infrastructure Needs technical/social infrastructure needs of the people outside the region will be supplied from District Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. of the Staff of Germencik and close settlement area to the site. For the prevention of visual pollution, landscaping will be done around the project area. Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Operation Landscape Works Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. At the end of the economic life of the project, a policy will be established in accordance with that Burç Jeotermal Yatırım uptodate economic and social condition. By this way, the plant equipment can be modernized Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Precautions to be taken due and can serve the country's economy by provision a reutilization. to the possible and the PostOperation ongoing effects after the end Prior to the Land preparation work, photographs of the site area will be taken to reveal the existing of operations visuality of the area. After the finish of the operations, these areas will be rehabilitated reasonably with the planting process. 212 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Table VIII.1.2. Monitoring Program When will the parameters be How will the parameters be Responsible Which parameter will Where is the monitored – Why is the parameters Stage monitored? Type of the Institution / be followed? parameter? Monitoring or monitored? monitoring equipment. Organisation Continuous Measurement Land Maintaining the Soil In the all project units Measurement and analyses on Before the Land In accordance with the Burç Geothermal Preparation and Stability the drilling machinery and soil Preparation and provisions of “Regulation Enterprise Electrical Construction laboratory Construction Works on the Buildings Generation Co. Constructed in Disaster Areas” by Abrogated Ministry of Public Works and Settlement enacted by Official Gazette No. 26511 published on 03.05.2007 Land Historical, cultural and In the all project units Observation When a Cultural and Protection of the cultural Burç Geothermal Preparation and archaeological assets Archaeological Asset and archaeological Enterprise Electrical Construction is Encountered assets Generation Co. Directorate of Museum, Directorate of Protection Regional Commission Land Land preparation In the all project units Visual inspection, recording During the Land Compliance with Burç Geothermal Preparation and works and reporting Preparation Excavation Soil, Enterprise Electrical Construction Continuous Construction and Debris Generation Co. Waste Control Aydın Municipality Regulation Land Air emissions In the all project units, Companies that has Every 6 months or Compliance with the Burç Geothermal Preparation and during he construction Proficiency and are Accredited whenever a complaint IBAPCR and Enterprise Electrical Construction works for Dust Emissions will Perform is raised Occupational Health and Generation Co. the Measurements Safety Regulation, so that the natural environment and the community will not be effected Land Vehicle emission In the construction Exhaust emission In the periodical Compliance with the Burç Geothermal Preparation and equipment, measurement instruments. maintenances of the Exhaust Gas Emission Enterprise Electrical Construction vehicles Control Regulation Generation Co. Land Flood Protection and In the project area Observation During the In order to be protected Burç Geothermal Preparation and Drainage Structures Manufacturing of against the floods during Enterprise Electrical Construction Construction, the heavy rains Generation Co. Continuous Land Wastewater In the area used for Companies that has When the treatment In accordance with the Burç Geothermal Preparation and constructionsite Proficiency and are Accredited plant is commissioned, Water Pollution Control Enterprise Electrical 213 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT When will the parameters be How will the parameters be Responsible Which parameter will Where is the monitored – Why is the parameters Stage monitored? Type of the Institution / be followed? parameter? Monitoring or monitored? monitoring equipment. Organisation Continuous Measurement Construction for Wastewater will Perform the every 6 months Regulation Generation Co. Measurements Land Visual inspection, recording Burç Geothermal Preparation and and reporting Enterprise Electrical Construction In the all powerhouse Solid Waste Control Generation Co. Solid waste Daily units Regulation Aydın Municipality, Licensed Recycling Company Land Visual inspection, recording Burç Geothermal Preparation and and reporting Enterprise Electrical In accordance with Construction In the all powerhouse Generation Co. Package Wastes Daily Packing Wastes Control units Aydın Municipality, Regulation Licensed Recycling Company Land Waste oils In the vehicle repair Visual inspection, recording Continuous In accordance with Burç Geothermal Preparation and and maintenance and reporting Waste Oils Control Enterprise Electrical Construction workshop, Regulation Generation Co. Licensed Recycling Company Land Waste Vegetable Oils In the dining hall, , Visual inspection, recording Continuous In accordance with Burç Geothermal Preparation and and reporting Waste Vegetable Oils Enterprise Electrical Construction Control Regulation Generation Co. Licensed Recycling Company Land Scrap Tires In the constructionsite, Visual inspection, recording Continuous In accordance with Burç Geothermal Preparation and and reporting Scrap Tires Control Enterprise Electrical Construction Regulation Generation Co. Licensed Recycling Company Land Waste Batteries and In the constructionsite, Visual inspection, recording Continuous In accordance with Burç Geothermal Preparation and Accumulators and reporting Waste Batteries and Enterprise Electrical Construction Accumulators Control Generation Co. Regulation Licensed Recycling Company, Land Medical Wastes In the medical room Visual inspection, recording Continuous In accordance with Burç Geothermal Preparation and and reporting Medical Wastes Control Enterprise Electrical Construction Generation Co. Aydın Municipality Land Noise and Vibration In the residential areas, With noise and vibration Noise, every 3 months In accordance with Burç Geothermal Preparation and very close to the detection instrument. or whenever a Environmental Noise Enterprise Electrical Construction powerhouse Companies that has complaint is raised, Assessment and Generation Co. Proficiency and are Accredited Vibration, during the Management Regulation 214 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT When will the parameters be How will the parameters be Responsible Which parameter will Where is the monitored – Why is the parameters Stage monitored? Type of the Institution / be followed? parameter? Monitoring or monitored? monitoring equipment. Organisation Continuous Measurement for the Noise and Vibration works causing Measurement İnstruments will vibration, such as Perform the Measurements piling or whenever a complaint is raised Land Occupational Health In the whole works Written, by informing the Continuous In accordance with the Burç Geothermal Preparation and and Safety employees, with reporting Labour Law Enterprise Electrical Construction Generation Co. Land Transportation On the roads in and Observation Continuous Security of Life and Burç Geothermal Preparation and outside the Property, in accordance Enterprise Electrical Construction powerhouse with the Highways Generation Co. Traffic Law, Land Community Security In the whole works In the frame of the During pre In accordance with the Burç Geothermal Preparation and commitments mentioned in EIA construction and legislation Enterprise Electrical Construction Report, following up whether construction stages Generation Co. the permits are taken from the fulfilling the demands relevant institutions. of the relevant organisations Land Landscaping Works In the project area Observation Continuous In order to prevent the Burç Geothermal Preparation and visual pollution. Enterprise Electrical Construction Generation Co. Operation Wastewater and In the process Observation Continuous monitoring In accordance with Burç Geothermal Cooling Water treatment units WPCR and Water Enterprise Electrical Companies that has In the periods when Products Law No. 1380 Generation Co. Proficiency and are Accredited the regulation foresees and Environment Permit for the Wastewater will Perform the Measurements Operation Vehicle emissions In the vehicles, Exhaust emission In the periodical In accordance with the Burç Geothermal measurement instruments. maintenances of the Exhaust Gas Emission Enterprise Electrical vehicles Control Regulation Generation Co. Operation Emissions In the closest During the operation stage During the Land Determining the impacts Burç Geothermal residential areas the emission measurement will Permit Period of the project on the Enterprise Electrical be performed environment and Generation Co. Measurements will be responding to the General Directorate of performed by a company emergencies that may Environment having Proficiency and is occur in the powerhouse Management Accredited and Environment Permit Operation Flood Protection and Inside the project area Observation IN the rainfall In order not to be Burç Geothermal Drainage Structures collection and exposed to floods Enterprise Electrical discharging system Generation Co. Operation At the site of the Visual inspection, recording Daily Burç Geothermal Solid Waste Control Solid waste powerhouse and reporting Enterprise Electrical Regulation Generation Co. 215 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT When will the parameters be How will the parameters be Responsible Which parameter will Where is the monitored – Why is the parameters Stage monitored? Type of the Institution / be followed? parameter? Monitoring or monitored? monitoring equipment. Organisation Continuous Measurement Aydın Municipality Operation In all of the Visual inspection, recording Daily Burç Geothermal powerhouse units and reporting Enterprise Electrical In accordance with Generation Co. Package Wastes Packing Wastes Control Aydın Municipality, Regulation Licensed Recycling Company Operation Waste oils In machinery and Visual inspection, recording Continuous In accordance with Burç Geothermal equipment and reporting with an Waste Oils Control Enterprise Electrical accredited laboratory Regulation Generation Co. Licensed Recycling Company Operation Waste Vegetable Oils In the dining hall Visual inspection, recording Continuous In accordance with Burç Geothermal and reporting Waste Vegetable Oils Enterprise Electrical Control Regulation Generation Co. Licensed Recycling Company Operation Scrap Tires In the project area, in Visual inspection, recording Continuous In accordance with Burç Geothermal the whole units and reporting Scrap Tires Control Enterprise Electrical Regulation Generation Co. Licensed Recycling Company Operation Waste Batteries and In the project area, in Visual inspection, recording Continuous In accordance with Burç Geothermal Accumulators the whole units and reporting Waste Batteries and Enterprise Electrical Accumulators Control Generation Co. Regulation Licensed Recycling Company Operation Medical Wastes In the medical room Visual inspection, recording Continuous In accordance with Burç Geothermal and reporting Medical Wastes Control Enterprise Electrical Regulation Generation Co. Aydın Municipality Operation Noise and Vibration In the residential areas, With noise and vibration Whenever a complaint In accordance with Burç Geothermal in the closest building detection instrument. is raised, in the Environmental Noise Enterprise Electrical to the project, in the Companies that has workplaces 1 day each Assessment and Generation Co. sensitive areas outside Proficiency and are Accredited and continuously for Management Regulation the workplace for the Noise and Vibration 15 days in the closest Measurement İnstruments will building Perform the Measurements Operation Occupational Health In the whole works Written, by informing the Continuous In accordance with the Burç Geothermal and Safety employees, with reporting Labour Law Enterprise Electrical Generation Co. Operation Community Security In the whole works In the frame of the Continuous In accordance with the Burç Geothermal 216 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT When will the parameters be How will the parameters be Responsible Which parameter will Where is the monitored – Why is the parameters Stage monitored? Type of the Institution / be followed? parameter? Monitoring or monitored? monitoring equipment. Organisation Continuous Measurement commitments given in EIA legislation Enterprise Electrical report, follow up whether the Generation Co. permits are taken from the relevant organisations, Operation Transportation On the roads in and Observation Continuous Security of Life and Burç Geothermal outside the Property, in accordance Enterprise Electrical powerhouse with the Highways Generation Co. Traffic Law Operation Landscaping Works In the project area Observation Continuous In order to prevent the Burç Geothermal visual pollution Enterprise Electrical Generation Co. After Operation Land Reclamation In the whole plant area Observation 2 Years According to Burç Geothermal Environment and Enterprise Electrical Occupational Safety Generation Co. 217 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT For the emergency cases that might occur during the land preparation, construction and operation stages of the project, a draft Emergency Response Plan was prepared. The duties, responsibilities and activities of the Emergency Response Team that will be organised in the scope of the Emergency Response Plan are addressed in the plan in detail. The most significant failure that may occur in the wells that will be opened for the mentioned project would be the blockages in the wells in time and reduced efficiencies. In order to prevent this adopting the proper production and reinjection strategies is necessary. However, when the wells lose their efficiencies despite the whole measures taken, well regenertion works by means of mechanical cleaning methods can be performed. The Emergency Response Plan, which can be found in appendices, will be reviewed in the proceeding stages of the project and will be updated (Rfr App11). VIII.2. In Case the EIA Positive Ceritficate will be given, the schedule related to realisation of the terms mentioned under the title of “The liabilities of the institutions/organisation that took the Certificate of Competency” under the Competency Paper. After the “EIA Positive” Certificate will be given to the EIA Report that is prepared for Efe Geothermal Energy Plant Project, the project owner will assign an institution/ organisation that has the “EIA Competency” and have the inpections made whether the commitments given for initiation and construction stages of the investment will be fulfilled and have the insitu checks made by visiting the project site. Within this frame, in accordance with the monitoring programs determined by the Aborgated Ministry of Unvironment and Forestry, the “Final EIA Report Monitoring Reports Form” existing in “Competency Paper” enacted in Official Gazette No. 27436 published on 18.12.2009 will be filled every 3 months and submitted to Ministry of Environmnet and Urban Planning. 218 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT SECTION IX PUBLIC PARTICIPATION BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT SECTION IX: PUBLIC PARTICIPTION (How and with which methods are the local community is informed, the opinions of the community about the project and explanations about the subject) In the scope of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project, after the approval of Aydın Provincial Directorate of Environment and Urban Planning for the location and timing of the public participation meeting is taken in order to publicise the Public Participation Meeting to community a notice consisting the location and date of the meeting was placed on two newspapers, one local (published in province center and in the districts) and one national. The Public Participation Meeting of the Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project (162,5 MWe) was held on 19.03.2012 in Aydın Province, Germencik District, Umit Wedding Hall (Rfr. Figure IX.1., Figure IX.2., Figure IX.3 and Figure IX.4). Participants in the meeting came from; Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning Aydın Provincial Directorate of Environment and Urban Planning, Çınar Eng. Con. Inc. Co. Burç Geothermal Investment Electricity Generation Inc. 21. Regional Directorate of SHW, 211. District Directorate of SHW, Village Headmen (mukhtar) Local community. In the meetings detailed information about the meeting subject was given to the attendants, by making a presentation and using a Power Point Program, comprising explanations about the project, with a projector. The representatives of Çınar Engineering Consultancy Inc. and the investor company answered the questions raised about the project and detailed information was given about the reasons to select the location for the project and about the procedures that will be carried out in the following period. The Minutes of Public Participation Meeting” involving the opinions and questions of the attending local residents and the answer to the question can be found in appendices (Rfr. App1.8) The issues addressed in the Public Participation Meeting and the answers given to the demands are explained in Section V.3. 219 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure IX.1. A View From Public Participation Meeting (1) Figure IX.2. A View From Public Participation Meeting (2) 220 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure IX.3. A View From Public Participation Meeting (3) Figure IX.4. A View From Public Participation Meeting (4) 221 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT SECTION X CONCLUSIONS BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT SECTION X: CONLUSIONS (The summary of all the comments, a overal assessment, where the the significant environmental effects of the project are listed and at what degree of success can be achieved in preventing the negative environmental impacts in case the project is realised is mentioned, in the scope of the project selections between the alternatives and the reasons of these selections) Consumption of the electrical energy is one of the most significant indications of the economical development and social wealth. In a country the electrical generation and/or consumption per capita bears a great importance as this reflects the living standards of that country. As a fast growing and industrialised country, Turkey today is in a need of continuous, high quality, reliable and economical energy. Turkey has rich geothermal sources and ranks 7. in the world in terms of its potential. In our country research studies related to geothermal energy has been carried out since 1962 by MRE and the existence of more than 170 geothermal fields with temperatures over 3540 oC has been detected. The probable geothermal heat potential of Turkey is estimated about 31.500 MWt. By the end of year 2000, according to the 304 thermal drilling performed by MTA, 2.046 MWt of the probable potential was confirmed as proven potential. When the 600 MWt potential of the natural hot springs are added to this value the total proven geothermal potential increases up to 2.646 MWt. Although per capita electrical energy consumption has reached to 2.773 kWh (gross) at the beginning of year 2008, when it is considered that this value is 6.500 kWh/person in Europe and the World average is 2.350 kWh /person, it can be seen that the electrical energy per capita is quite low. For this reason the necessity to increase the electrical supply is obvious. Burç Jeotermal Yatırım Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. plans to establish and operate Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project with 162,5 MWe installed power (1 x 72,5 MWe triple flash vapour powerhouse + 4 x 22,5 MWe binary cycle powerhouse) in order to beneficiate the geothermal source that is located in the boundaries of Aydın Province, Germencik District and İncirliova District and found in its license site. The operation license of the project area is given in the appendices (Rfr to : App1.3). The coordinates of the mentioned 5 power powerhouses and reinjection wells are given in the introduction section of the report. The detailed studies of the production and reinjection wells to be opened in the scope of the project has been in progress. In order to connect the electrical energy that will be generated in the Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project to national interconnecting system, the connection to the system at the most proper location will be performed after the necessary negotiations are performed with Turkish Electricity Transmission Company (TETC) or Turkish Electricity Distribution Company (TEDC) and required approvals are taken. The Public Participation Meeting of the Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project was held on 19.03.2012 in Aydın Province, Germencik District in Ümit Wedding Hall. As the groundwater aquifers and the geothermal fluid are totally separate and belonging to different systems, they should definitely not mix with each other and the hot water steam delivered to the powerhouse and used in the powerhouse will arrive to the powerhouse in a totally closed circuit and will be reinvested after being used. For this reason there won’t be any negative impact caused by this process or any interfere to the groundwater will not occur. 222 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT At every stage of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project, any activity that may destroy the action of irrigation and drainage channels, riverbeds etc. and spoil water quality will not be engaged. During the land preparation and construction works of the project, the drainage channels that were opened by SHW, will not be interfered whatsoever and the expropriation borders of the drainage channels will be complied. Mursallı Pumping Irrigation Main Channel will not be approached any closer than 10 meters and there will be a protection distance reserved. The possible environmental impacts during the land preparation, construction and operation stages and all of the precautions that are planned to be taken against these impacts are briefly explained below: The project area is a plain land and there will be only foundation excavation performed in the area where the powerhouse will be built. Prior to starting the works the vegetable soil on the project area will be stripped and will be laid to proper locations of the land. This vegetable soil will be heaped in a manner that at any place the height of the heap will not exceed 2 meters and an oxygen circulation can be maintained inside the soil. During the rainy days there will not be any action taken, the slipped soil will be stored in the water accumulation. The material that will be extracted from the excavation works will be kept in a proper location inside the project area during the construction and after the construction works are completed, it will be used in landscaping works. The excavation material extracted from the land preparation and construction works of the units and auxiliary units that will be established in the scope of Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project will be used in fillings, land levelling and landscaping works. In order to minimise the dust generation at minimum level, the terms about providing the air quality standards of the dusty heaped materials mentioned in “The Emission Limits for the Plants Subject to Permission” Appendix (Appendix1) of IBAPCR will be complied. Within this frame in order to minimize the dust formation in the land necessary measures will be taken, such as; filling and emptying without tossing at the source of the emission, improving the roads, covering the tops of the dampers with canvas during material transportation and keeping the top layer of the material with 10% moisture. As there is not any sewage system existing in and around the work site the domestic wastewater generated at the powerhouse will be treated in the package wastewater treatment plant. The water that will be treated in the package treatment system will be disposed off to the nearest receiving environment after, after the discharging criteria given in “Water Pollution Control Criteria” enacted by the Official Gazette No. 25687 published on 31st December 2004 are met. The domestic solid waste sourced by the project employees, will be collected in the garbage cans, located at various spots at the work site, with closed lids. These solid wastes that will be collected in the containers, will be given to the Germencik Municipality, the closest district to the project area, waste collection system, at regular intervals. 223 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT And from land preparation and construction works tramp iron, steel, packing material and similar solid waste will be generated. As the amounts of these wastes vary a quantity cannot be given. Whereas wastes will be collected as scrap and stored in a suitable location in the project land (in the work place). The products that can be recycled will be reused and/or sent to the licensed recycling companies. The iron, steel etc. metal pieces generated during the land preparation works, will be stored in a permeable and sheltered area. And the wastes that cannot be recycled will be disposed off via the waste collecting system of the municipality. It is estimated that 350 people will be employed during the construction stage and the number of employees will be 100 during the operation of the operation. In the project during the construction stage, the unqualified personnel will be primarily employed from the local community and during the operation stage by employing the permanent personnel from the local residents some contribution to the local economy will be maintained. The personnel who will work during the construction stage of the project will be accommodated at the site. The technical and social needs of the workers who will work in the scope of the project (accommodation, resting, dining hall etc.) will be supplied from the social facilities, which will be built in the area of the plant. Additionally, if needed, the technical and social needs will be provided from closest settlement areas, in case of failing to fulfil the needs from these places, they could be supplied from Germencik and İncirliova districts and Aydın City Centrum. After the construction works and start up of the operation, new job opportunities will be emerged for the community. This way the employment opportunities as well as the number of people covered under the social security system will be increased. In addition to these, by the arrival of this mentioned investment the people will be experienced with new trades. After the “EIA Positive” certificate to the EIA Report for Efe Geothermal Power Plant Project will be given, the project owner will assign one of the companies/organisations with EIA proficiency to perform the site visits and in situ observations and will check whether the commitments given in EIA report for the investment and construction stages will be fulfilled. Within this frame, in accordance with the monitoring period set by Ministry of Environment and Forestry, “Final EIA Report Monitoring Reports Form” existing in the App4 of “Notification of Qualification” enacted by the Official Gazette No. 27436 published on 18.12.2009, will be filled and delivered to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry within the intervals defined by the commission. The energy consumption increases in parallel with the population increase, industrialization and technological progresses and increasing welfare level and the necessity of this and similar projects has been increasing day by day. The energy to be generated in this project, will make a contribution in compensating the energy needs of the provinces in the region and decrease our dependency on foreign energy sources. During all sorts of processes to be performed in the scope of the project, the waste water discharging criteria given in “Water Pollution Control Regulation” enacted by Official Gazette No. 25687 published on 31st December 2004 and “Regulation on Amending the Water Pollution Control Regulation” enacted by Official Gazette No. 26786 published on 13th February 2008, will be complied. The approval of the package wastewater treatment plant will be taken in the scope of the circular of Wastewater Treatment Plant Project Approval No. 1239 and dated 15.03.2012. The plant will be commissioned simultaneously with the project. 224 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT For disposing off the waste oils, which will probably be generated, the provisions of “Waste Oils Control Regulation” enacted by the Official Gazette No. 26952 published on 30.07.2008 will be complied. Necessary measures will be taken against the spill, seepage and overflow of the sealing lubrications as well as mixing with water. There will be a secondary containment built. In the whole actions to be taken related to the isolation lubrication “Regulation on Polychlorinated Biphenyl and Polychlorinated Terphenyls Control” enacted by the Official Gazette No. 26739 published on 27th December 2007 will be complied. As it is mentioned in Item 18 in “Solid Wastes Control Regulation” enacted by the Official Gazette No. 20814 published on 14.03.1991, solid waste cannot be thrown away to seas, lakes and similar receiving environments or to the streets. The employees will be notified about properly disposing off the solid wastes, which will be generated during all of the stages of the project, (e.g. food leftovers). All the terms of “Solid Wastes Control Regulation” will be complied. All of the packing wastes, to be potentially created during all of the stages of the project, will be disposed off in accordance with the provisions of “Packaging Wastes Control Regulation” enacted by the Official Gazette No. 28035 published on 24.08.2011. The terms of “Regulation on Soil Pollution Control and PointSource Contaminated Sites” enacted by the Official Gazette No. 27605 published on 08.06.2010 will be observed. The terms of “Regulation on the Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise” enacted by the Official Gazette No. 27601 published on 04.06.2010 will be observed. In order to protect the workers against the noise that will be created by the equipment during the construction stage and prevent the health and safety related risks (especially hearing related) caused by the exposure to the noise, necessary precautions will be taken in compliance with the “Noise Regulation” enacted by the Official Gazette No. 25325 published on 23.12.2003 will be observed, which was regulated according to the provisions of 78. Item of “Labour Law” No. 4857. During the construction works; hardhats, ear protectors (e.g. ear muffs, ear plugs) will be supplied to the workers who will work on equipment and machinery, hence they will not be effected against noise. In all of the land preparation and construction works, the terms of maintaining the air quality standards in dusty stacking materials explained in App.1 “Emission Limits for the Plants Subject to Permit” in “Regulation on Control of Industrial Air Pollution” (IBAPCR) No: 27277 published and enacted on 03.07.2009 will be obeyed. In order to minimize emissions caused by the vehicles, all of the equipment and vehicles will be subjected to routine controls and the vehicles that need to be serviced will be taken maintenance, in accordance with the 7. Article of “Regulation on Control of Exhaust Gas Emission” enacted by Official Gazette No: 27190 published on 04.04.2009. And spare vehicles will be used until their maintenances are completed. Furthermore. The drivers will be warned about behaving in compliance with Traffic law and care will be taken that loadinghauling operations will be done especially suitable to loading standards It will be provided that endofuse tires possible to form in project area will be given to recycling companies and this will be performed in compliance with “Regulation on Control of Scrap Tires” enacted by Official Gazette No: 26357 and published on 25.11.2006. 225 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT In the disposal of waste vegetable oils to be formed in cafeteria to be used in the scope of the project the terms of “Regulation on Control of Waste Vegetable Oils” enacted by Official Gazette No: 25791 and published on 19.04.2005 obeyed. Waste accumulators to be formed when the maintenances and repairs of the vehicles that will be used in the project area will be kept in a closed medium provided with ground sealing within the project area and disposal will be provided by giving them to licensed recycling company in accordance with the terms of “Regulation on Control of Waste Batteries and Accumulators” enacted by Official Gazette No: 25569 and published on 31.08.2004. In the scope of Efe Geothermal Energy Plant Project, Environment Law No. 2872, The Law concerning the Amendment on the Environment Law No. 5491, Labour Law No. 4857 and the terms of the regulations and guidelines that were/will be published in connection to this law will be obeyed at every stage of the project. Medical wastes formed will be stored separate from other wastes in accordance with the statement “liabilities of medical waste producers” stated in 8. Article of “Regulation on Control of Medical Wastes” enacted by Official Gazette No: 25833 and published on 22.07.2005 and the disposal will be enabled in the frame of the protocol with Aydın Municipality. The terms of related regulation concerning collection and separation of medical wastes at the source will be fulfilled. All possible wastes to be formed in the scope of the plant will be temporarily stored in an area with providing sealed ground by separately collecting according to types of waste. Consequently, during the operation period of the project the regulations listed below will be observed. Environmental Law No: 2872 and Law concerning Amendment in Environmental Law No: 5491 Labour Law No: 4857 Application Regulation of Geothermal Resources and Natural Mineral Waters Law No: 5686 Aquacultural Law No: 1380 and Regulation Occupational Health and Safety Regulation (Enacted by the Official Gazette No: 14765 published on 11.01.1974) Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes and amendments in this regulations (Enacted by the Official Gazette No: 20814 published on 14.03.1991) (The amendments enacted by The Official Gazette No: 20834 on 03.04.1991, The Official Gazette No: 21150 on 22.02.1992 , The Official Gazette No: 22099 on 02.11.1994 , The Official Gazette No: 23464 on 15.09.1998 , The Official Gazette No: 23790 on 18.08.1999 , The Official Gazette No: 24034 on 29.04.2000 , The Official Gazette No: 24736 on 25.04.2002 , The Official Gazette No: 25777 on 05.04.2005) 226 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Regulation on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Debris Waste (Enacted by the Official Gazette No: 25406 published in 18.03.2004) Regulation on Industrial Based Air Pollution and amendments in regulations (Enacted by the Official Gazette No: 27277 published on 03.07.2009) (The amendments enacted by The Official Gazette No: 27537 on 30.03.2010, The Official Gazette No: 28080 on 10.10.2011, The Official Gazette No: 28263 on 13.14.2012, The Official Gazette No: 28325 on 16.06.2012) Regulation on Control of Water Pollution and amendments in regulation (Enacted by the Official Gazette No: 25687 published on 31.12.2004) (The amendments enacted by The Official Gazette No: 26786 on 13.02.2008 The Official Gazette No: 27537 on 30.03.2010 The Official Gazette No: 27914 on 24.04.2011 The Official Gazette No: 28244 on 25.03.2012) Regulation on Control of Packing Wastes (Enacted by the Official Gazette No: 28035 published on 24.08.2011) Regulation on Control of Waste Oils and amendments in regulation (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 26952 published on 30.07.2008) (The amendment enacted by the Official Gazette No: 27537 published on 30.03.2010) Regulation on Control of Medical Wastes (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 25883 published on 22.07.2005) (The amendments enacted by the Official Gazette No: 27537 published on 30.03.2010 and by the Official Gazette No: 28131 published on 03.12.2011) Regulation on Control of Waste Batteries and Accumulators (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 25569 published on 31.08.2004) (The amendment enacted by the Official Gazette No: 27537 published on 30.03.2010) Regulation on Control of Scrap Tires (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 26357 published on 25.11.2006) (The amendment enacted by the Official Gazette No: 27537 published on 30.03.2010) Regulation on Control of Exhaust Gas Emission (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 27910 published on 04.04.2009) Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 25755 published in 14.03.2005) (The amendment enacted by the Official Gazette No: 27537 published on 30.03.2010) 227 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT Regulation on Control of Waste Vegetable Oils (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 25791 published on 19.04.2005) (The amendment enacted by the Official Gazette No: 27537 published on 30.03.2010) The Notice on Project Approval of Wastewater Treatment/Deep Sea Discharge Plant enacted by the Official Gazette No: 1239 on 15.03.2012 (2012/9) Regulation concerning Permits and Licenses necessary to be taken in the scope of Environmental Law (Enacted by Official Gazette No: 27214 published on 29.04.2009) 228 BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT NOTES AND REFERENCES BURÇ JEOTERMAL YATIRIM ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. EFE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT EIA REPORT - 20122013 Hunting Period Central Hunting Commission Decision. T.R. 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