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Item-Based Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithms

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Item-Based Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithms Item-Based Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithms Badrul Sarwar, George Karypis, Joseph Konstan, and John Riedl f×aÖÛaÖ¸ kaÖÝÔi׸ kÓÒ×ØaÒ¸ ÖiedÐg@c׺ÙÑÒºedÙ GroupLens Research Group/Army HPC Research Center Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 ÚaiÐabÐe iÒfÓÖÑaØiÓÒ ØÓ ¬Òd ØhaØ Ûhichi× ABSTRACT ØhÖÓÙgh aÐÐ Øhe a ÑÓ×Ø ÚaÐÙabÐe ØÓ Ù׺ ÊecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ ×Ý×ØeÑ× aÔÔÐÝ kÒÓÛÐedge di×cÓÚeÖÝ ØechÒiÕÙe× ÇÒe Óf Øhe ÑÓ×Ø ÔÖÓÑi×iÒg ×ÙchØechÒÓÐÓgie× i× cÓÐ ÐabÓÖa¹ ØÓ Øhe ÔÖÓbÐeÑ Óf ÑakiÒg Ô eÖ×ÓÒaÐiÞed ÖecÓÑÑeÒdaØiÓÒ× fÓÖ ØiÚe ¬ÐØeÖiÒg [½9¸ ¾7¸ ½4¸ ½6]º CÓÐÐab ÓÖaØiÚe ¬ÐØeÖiÒg ÛÓÖk× bÝ iÒfÓÖÑaØiÓÒ¸ ÔÖÓ dÙcØ× ÓÖ ×eÖÚice× dÙÖiÒg a ÐiÚeiÒØeÖacØiÓÒº bÙiÐdiÒg a daØaba×e Óf ÔÖefeÖeÒce× fÓÖ iØeÑ× bÝ Ù×eÖ׺ AÒeÛ Ìhe×e ×Ý×ØeÑ׸ e×Ô eciaÐÐÝ Øhe k¹ÒeaÖe×Ø ÒeighbÓÖ cÓÐÐabÓÖa¹ Ù×eÖ¸ ÆeÓ¸ i× ÑaØched agaiÒ×Ø Øhe daØaba×e ØÓ di×cÓÚeÖ Òeigh¹ ØiÚe ¬ÐØeÖiÒg ba×ed ÓÒe׸ aÖe achieÚiÒg Ûide×ÔÖead ×Ùcce×× ÓÒ bÓÖ׸ Ûhich aÖe ÓØheÖ Ù×eÖ× ÛhÓ haÚe hi×ØÓÖicaÐÐÝ had ×iÑiÐaÖ Øhe Ïebº Ìhe ØÖeÑeÒdÓÙ× gÖÓÛØh iÒ Øhe aÑÓÙÒØÓfaÚaiй Øa×Øe ØÓ ÆeÓº ÁØeÑ× ØhaØ Øhe Òeighb ÓÖ× Ðike aÖe ØheÒ ÖecÓѹ abÐe iÒfÓÖÑaØiÓÒ aÒd Øhe ÒÙÑb eÖ Óf Úi×iØÓÖ× ØÓ Ïeb ×iØe× iÒ ÑeÒded ØÓ ÆeÓ¸ a× he ÛiÐÐ ÔÖÓbabÐÝ aÐ×Ó Ðike ØheѺ CÓÐÐab¹ ÖeceÒØÝeaÖ× Ô Ó×e× ×ÓÑe keÝ chaÐÐeÒge× fÓÖ ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ ×Ý×¹ ÓÖaØiÚe ¬ÐØeÖiÒg ha× beeÒ ÚeÖÝ ×Ùcce××fÙÐ iÒ b ÓØh Öe×eaÖch ØeÑ׺ Ìhe×e aÖe: ÔÖÓ dÙciÒg high ÕÙaÐiØÝ ÖecÓÑÑeÒdaØiÓÒ׸ aÒd ÔÖacØice¸ aÒd iÒ b ÓØh iÒfÓÖÑaØiÓÒ ¬ÐØeÖiÒg aÔÔÐicaØiÓÒ× Ô eÖfÓÖÑiÒg ÑaÒÝ ÖecÓÑÑeÒdaØiÓÒ× Ô eÖ ×ecÓÒd fÓÖ ÑiÐÐiÓÒ× aÒd E¹cÓÑÑeÖce aÔÔÐicaØiÓÒ׺ ÀÓÛeÚeÖ¸ ØheÖe ÖeÑaiÒ iѹ Óf Ù×eÖ× aÒd iØeÑ× aÒd achieÚiÒg high cÓÚeÖage iÒ Øhe face Óf Ô ÓÖØaÒØ Öe×eaÖch ÕÙe×ØiÓÒ× iÒ ÓÚeÖcÓÑiÒg ØÛÓ fÙÒdaÑeÒØaÐ daØa ×ÔaÖ×iØݺ ÁÒ ØÖadiØiÓÒaÐ cÓÐÐab ÓÖaØiÚe ¬ÐØeÖiÒg ×Ý×ØeÑ× chaÐÐeÒge× fÓÖ cÓÐÐab ÓÖaØiÚe ¬ÐØeÖiÒg ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ ×Ý×ØeÑ׺ Øhe aÑÓÙÒØÓf ÛÓÖk iÒcÖea×e× ÛiØh Øhe ÒÙÑbeÖ Óf ÔaÖØici¹ Ìhe ¬Ö×Ø chaÐÐeÒge i× ØÓ iÑÔÖÓÚe Øhe ×caÐabiÐiØÝ Óf Øhe cÓй ÔaÒØ× iÒ Øhe ×Ý×ØeѺ ÆeÛ ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ ×Ý×ØeÑ ØechÒÓÐÓgie× Ðab ÓÖaØiÚe ¬ÐØeÖiÒg aÐgÓÖiØhÑ׺ Ìhe×e aÐgÓÖiØhÑ× aÖe abÐe ØÓ aÖe Òeeded ØhaØ caÒ ÕÙickÐÝ ÔÖÓ dÙce high ÕÙaÐiØÝ ÖecÓѹ ×eaÖch ØeÒ× Óf ØhÓÙ×aÒd× Óf Ô ÓØeÒØiaÐ Òeighb ÓÖ× iÒ ÖeaйØiÑe¸ ÑeÒdaØiÓÒ׸ eÚeÒ fÓÖ ÚeÖÝ ÐaÖge¹×caÐe ÔÖÓbÐeÑ׺ ÌÓ addÖe×× bÙØ Øhe deÑaÒd× Óf ÑÓ deÖÒ ×Ý×ØeÑ× aÖe ØÓ ×eaÖchØeÒ× Óf Øhe×e i××Ùe× Ûe haÚe eÜÔÐÓÖed iØeѹba×ed cÓÐÐab ÓÖaØiÚe ¬Ð¹ ÑiÐÐiÓÒ× Óf Ô ÓØeÒØiaÐ Òeighb ÓÖ׺ FÙÖØheÖ¸ eÜi×ØiÒg aÐgÓÖiØhÑ× ØeÖiÒg ØechÒiÕÙe׺ ÁØeѹba×ed ØechÒiÕÙe× ¬Ö×Ø aÒaÐÝÞe Øhe haÚe Ô eÖfÓÖÑaÒce ÔÖÓbÐeÑ× ÛiØh iÒdiÚidÙaÐ Ù×eÖ× fÓÖ ÛhÓÑ Ù×eÖ¹iØeÑ ÑaØÖiÜ ØÓ ideÒØifÝ ÖeÐaØiÓÒ×hiÔ× b eØÛeeÒ di«eÖeÒØ Øhe ×iØe ha× ÐaÖge aÑÓÙÒØ× Óf iÒfÓÖÑaØiÓÒº FÓÖ iÒ×ØaÒce¸ iØeÑ׸ aÒd ØheÒ Ù×e Øhe×e ÖeÐaØiÓÒ×hiÔ× ØÓ iÒdiÖecØÐÝ cÓÑÔÙØe if a ×iØe i× Ù×iÒg bÖÓÛ×iÒg ÔaØØeÖÒ× a× iÒdicaØiÓÒ× Óf cÓÒ¹ ÖecÓÑÑeÒdaØiÓÒ× fÓÖ Ù×eÖ׺ ØeÒØ ÔÖefeÖeÒce¸ iØ ÑaÝhaÚe ØhÓÙ×aÒd× Óf daØa Ô ÓiÒØ× fÓÖ iØ× ÁÒ Øhi× ÔaÔ eÖ Ûe aÒaÐÝÞe di«eÖeÒØ iØeѹba×ed ÖecÓÑÑeÒ¹ ÑÓ×Ø fÖeÕÙeÒØ Úi×iØÓÖ׺ Ìhe×e \ÐÓÒg Ù×eÖ ÖÓÛ×" ×ÐÓÛ dÓÛÒ daØiÓÒ geÒeÖaØiÓÒ aÐgÓÖiØhÑ׺ ÏeÐÓÓkiÒØÓ di«eÖeÒØØech¹ Øhe ÒÙÑbeÖ Óf Òeighb ÓÖ× ØhaØ caÒ b e ×eaÖched Ô eÖ ×ecÓÒd¸ ÒiÕÙe× fÓÖ cÓÑÔÙØiÒg iØeѹiØeÑ ×iÑiÐaÖiØie× ´eºgº¸ iØeѹiØeÑ fÙÖØheÖ ÖedÙciÒg ×caÐabiÐiØݺ cÓÖÖeÐaØiÓÒ Ú׺ cÓ×iÒe ×iÑiÐaÖiØie× b eØÛeeÒ iØeÑ ÚecØÓÖ×µ aÒd Ìhe ×ecÓÒd chaÐÐeÒge i× ØÓ iÑÔÖÓÚe Øhe ÕÙaÐiØÝ Óf Øhe Öec¹ di«eÖeÒØØechÒiÕÙe× fÓÖ ÓbØaiÒiÒg ÖecÓÑÑeÒdaØiÓÒ× fÖÓÑ ØheÑ ÓÑÑeÒdaØiÓÒ× fÓÖ Øhe Ù×eÖ׺ Í×eÖ× Òeed ÖecÓÑÑeÒdaØiÓÒ× ´eºgº¸ ÛeighØed ×ÙÑ Ú׺ ÖegÖe××iÓÒ ÑÓ deеº FiÒaÐÐݸ Ûeeܹ ØheÝ caÒ ØÖÙ×Ø ØÓ heÐÔ ØheÑ ¬Òd iØeÑ× ØheÝ ÛiÐÐ Ðikeº Í×eÖ× Ô eÖiÑeÒØaÐÐÝ eÚaÐÙaØe ÓÙÖ Öe×ÙÐØ× aÒd cÓÑÔaÖe ØheÑ ØÓ Øhe ÛiÐÐ "ÚÓØe ÛiØh ØheiÖ feeØ" bÝ ÖefÙ×iÒg ØÓ Ù×e ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ ba×ic k¹ÒeaÖe×Ø ÒeighbÓÖ aÔÔÖÓachº ÇÙÖ eÜÔ eÖiÑeÒØ× ×Ùg¹ ×Ý×ØeÑ× ØhaØ aÖe ÒÓØ cÓÒ×i×ØeÒØÐÝ accÙÖaØe fÓÖ ØheѺ ge×Ø ØhaØ iØeѹba×ed aÐgÓÖiØhÑ× ÔÖÓÚide dÖaÑaØicaÐÐÝ b eØØeÖ ÁÒ ×ÓÑe ÛaÝ× Øhe×e ØÛÓchaÐÐeÒge× aÖe iÒ cÓÒ­icظ ×iÒce Øhe Ô eÖfÓÖÑaÒce ØhaÒ Ù×eÖ¹ba×ed aÐgÓÖiØhÑ׸ ÛhiÐe aØ Øhe ×aÑe Ðe×× ØiÑe aÒ aÐgÓÖiØhÑ ×Ô eÒd× ×eaÖchiÒg fÓÖ Òeighb ÓÖ׸ Øhe ØiÑe ÔÖÓÚidiÒg b eØØeÖ ÕÙaÐiØÝ ØhaÒ Øhe b e×Ø aÚaiÐabÐe Ù×eÖ¹ ÑÓÖe ×caÐabÐe iØ ÛiÐÐ b e¸ aÒd Øhe ÛÓÖ×e iØ× ÕÙaÐiØݺ FÓÖ Øhi× ba×ed aÐgÓÖiØhÑ׺ Öea×ÓÒ¸ iØ i× iÑÔ ÓÖØaÒØ ØÓ ØÖeaØ Øhe ØÛÓ chaÐÐeÒge× ×iÑÙй ØaÒeÓÙ×ÐÝ ×Ó Øhe ×ÓÐÙØiÓÒ× di×cÓÚeÖed aÖe b ÓØh Ù×efÙÐ aÒd 1. INTRODUCTION ÔÖacØicaк ÁÒ Øhi× ÔaÔ eÖ¸ Ûe addÖe×× Øhe×e i××Ùe× Óf ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ Ìhe aÑÓÙÒØ Óf iÒfÓÖÑaØiÓÒ iÒ Øhe ÛÓÖÐd i× iÒcÖea×iÒg faÖ ×Ý×ØeÑ× bÝ aÔÔÐÝiÒg a di«eÖeÒØ aÔÔÖÓachßiØeѹba×ed aÐgÓ¹ ÑÓÖe ÕÙickÐÝ ØhaÒ ÓÙÖ abiÐiØÝ ØÓ ÔÖÓ ce×× iغ AÐÐ Óf Ù× haÚe ÖiØhѺ Ìhe b ÓØØÐeÒeckiÒcÓÒÚeÒØiÓÒaÐ cÓÐÐab ÓÖaØiÚe ¬ÐØeÖ¹ kÒÓÛÒ Øhe feeÐiÒg Óf b eiÒg ÓÚeÖÛheÐÑed bÝ Øhe ÒÙÑbeÖ Óf iÒg aÐgÓÖiØhÑ× i× Øhe ×eaÖch fÓÖ Òeighb ÓÖ× aÑÓÒg a ÐaÖge ÒeÛ b Ó Ók׸ jÓÙÖÒaÐ aÖØicÐe׸ aÒd cÓÒfeÖeÒce ÔÖÓ ceediÒg× cÓѹ Ù×eÖ Ô ÓÔÙÐaØiÓÒ Óf Ô ÓØeÒØiaÐ Òeighb ÓÖ× [½¾]º ÁØeѹba×ed aй iÒg ÓÙØ eachÝeaÖº ÌechÒÓÐÓgÝ ha× dÖaÑaØicaÐÐÝ ÖedÙced Øhe gÓÖiØhÑ× aÚÓid Øhi× b ÓØØÐeÒeckbÝ eÜÔÐÓÖiÒg Øhe ÖeÐaØiÓÒ×hiÔ× baÖÖieÖ× ØÓ ÔÙbÐi×hiÒg aÒd di×ØÖibÙØiÒg iÒfÓÖÑaØiÓÒº ÆÓÛ beØÛeeÒ iØeÑ× ¬Ö×ظ ÖaØheÖ ØhaÒ Øhe ÖeÐaØiÓÒ×hiÔ× beØÛeeÒ iØ i× ØiÑe ØÓ cÖeaØe Øhe ØechÒÓÐÓgie× ØhaØ caÒ heÐÔ Ù× ×ifØ Ù×eÖ׺ ÊecÓÑÑeÒdaØiÓÒ× fÓÖ Ù×eÖ× aÖe cÓÑÔÙØed bÝ ¬ÒdiÒg edº Be¹ Copyright is held by the author/owner. iØeÑ× ØhaØ aÖe ×iÑiÐaÖ ØÓ ÓØheÖ iØeÑ× Øhe Ù×eÖ ha× Ðik ÛeeÒ iØeÑ× aÖe ÖeÐaØiÚeÐÝ ×ØaØic¸ WWW10, May 1-5, 2001, Hong Kong. caÙ×e Øhe ÖeÐaØiÓÒ×hiÔ× b eØ ACM 1-58113-348-0/01/0005. 285 ÁÒ ÓÒe ×ØÙdÝ Ù×iÒg ×ÝÒØheØic daØa¸ ÀÓÖØiÒg ÔÖÓ dÙced b eØØeÖ iØeѹba×ed aÐgÓÖiØhÑ× ÑaÝ b e abÐe ØÓ ÔÖÓÚide Øhe ×aÑe ÕÙaй ÔÖedicØiÓÒ× ØhaÒ a ÒeaÖe×Ø Òeighb ÓÖ aÐgÓÖiØhÑ [½]º iØÝ a× Øhe Ù×eÖ¹ba×ed aÐgÓÖiØhÑ× ÛiØh Ðe×× ÓÒÐiÒe cÓÑÔÙØa¹ ËchafeÖ eØ aк¸ [¾6] ÔÖe×eÒØ a deØaiÐed ØaÜÓÒÓÑÝ aÒd eÜaѹ ØiÓÒº ÔÐe× Óf ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ ×Ý×ØeÑ× Ù×ed iÒ E¹cÓÑÑeÖce aÒd hÓÛ Úide ÓÒe¹ØÓ¹ÓÒe Ô eÖ×ÓÒaÐiÞaØiÓÒ aÒd aØ Øhe ×aÑe 1.1 Related Work ØheÝ caÒ ÔÖÓ caÒ caÔØÙÖe cÙ×ØÓÑeÖ ÐÓÝaÐØݺ AÐØhÓÙgh Øhe×e ×Ý×ØeÑ× haÚe ÁÒ Øhi× ×ecØiÓÒ Ûe bÖie­Ý ÔÖe×eÒØ ×ÓÑe Óf Øhe Öe×eaÖchÐiع b eeÒ ×Ùcce××fÙÐ iÒ Øhe Ôa×ظ ØheiÖ Ûide×ÔÖead Ù×e ha× eÜÔ Ó×ed eÖaØÙÖe ÖeÐaØed ØÓ cÓÐÐab ÓÖaØiÚe ¬ÐØeÖiÒg¸ ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ ×Ý×¹ ×ÓÑe Óf ØheiÖ ÐiÑiØaØiÓÒ× ×Ùch a× Øhe ÔÖÓbÐeÑ× Óf ×ÔaÖ×iØÝiÒ ØeÑ׸ daØa ÑiÒiÒg aÒd Ô eÖ×ÓÒaÐiÞaØiÓÒº Øhe daØa ×eظ ÔÖÓbÐeÑ× a××Ó ciaØed ÛiØh high diÑeÒ×iÓÒaÐiØÝ ÌaÔ e×ØÖÝ [½¼] i× ÓÒe Óf Øhe eaÖÐie×Ø iÑÔÐeÑeÒØaØiÓÒ× Óf cÓй aÒd ×Ó ÓÒº ËÔaÖ×iØÝ ÔÖÓbÐeÑ iÒ ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ ×Ý×ØeÑ ha× Ðab ÓÖaØiÚe ¬ÐØeÖiÒg¹ba×ed ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ ×Ý×ØeÑ׺ Ìhi× ×Ý×¹ b eeÒ addÖe××ed iÒ [¾¿¸ ½½]º Ìhe ÔÖÓbÐeÑ× a××Ó ciaØed ÛiØh ØeÑ ÖeÐied ÓÒ Øhe eÜÔÐiciØ ÓÔiÒiÓÒ× Óf Ô eÓÔÐe fÖÓÑ a cÐÓ×e¹kÒiØ high diÑeÒ×iÓÒaÐiØÝ iÒ ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ ×Ý×ØeÑ× haÚebeeÒdi×¹ cÓÑÑÙÒiØݸ×Ùch a× aÒ ÓÆce ÛÓÖkgÖÓÙÔº ÀÓÛeÚeÖ¸ ÖecÓѹ cÙ××ed iÒ [4]¸ aÒd aÔÔÐicaØiÓÒ Óf diÑeÒ×iÓÒaÐiØÝ ÖedÙcØiÓÒ ÑeÒdeÖ ×Ý×ØeÑ fÓÖ ÐaÖge cÓÑÑÙÒiØie× caÒÒÓØ deÔ eÒd ÓÒ each ØechÒiÕÙe× ØÓ addÖe×× Øhe×e i××Ùe× ha× b eeÒ iÒÚe×ØigaØed iÒ Ô eÖ×ÓÒ kÒÓÛiÒg Øhe ÓØheÖ׺ ÄaØeÖ¸ ×eÚeÖaÐ ÖaØiÒg×¹ba×ed aÙ¹ [¾4]º ØÓÑaØed ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ ×Ý×ØeÑ× ÛeÖe deÚeÐÓÔ edº Ìhe GÖÓÙ¹ ÇÙÖ ÛÓÖk eÜÔÐÓÖe× Øhe eÜØeÒØØÓÛhich iØeѹba×ed ÖecÓѹ ÔÄeÒ× Öe×eaÖch ×Ý×ØeÑ [½9¸ ½6] ÔÖÓÚide× a Ô×eÙdÓÒÝÑÓÙ× ÑeÒdeÖ׸ a ÒeÛ cÐa×× Óf ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ aÐgÓÖiØhÑ׸ aÖe abÐe cÓÐÐab ÓÖaØiÚe ¬ÐØeÖiÒg ×ÓÐÙØiÓÒ fÓÖ Í×eÒeØ ÒeÛ× aÒd ÑÓÚie׺ ØÓ ×ÓÐÚe Øhe×e ÔÖÓbÐeÑ׺ ÊiÒgÓ [¾7] aÒd ÎideÓ ÊecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ [½4] aÖe eÑaiÐ aÒd Ûeb¹ Ù×ic aÒd ba×ed ×Ý×ØeÑ× ØhaØ geÒeÖaØe ÖecÓÑÑeÒdaØiÓÒ× ÓÒ Ñ 1.2 Contributions ÑÓÚie׸ Öe×Ô ecØiÚeÐݺ A ×Ô eciaÐ i××Ùe Óf CÓÑÑÙÒicaØiÓÒ× Óf Ìhi× ÔaÔ eÖ ha× ØhÖee ÔÖiÑaÖÝ Öe×eaÖchcÓÒØÖibÙØiÓÒ×: Øhe ACÅ [¾¼] ÔÖe×eÒØ× a ÒÙÑb eÖ Óf di«eÖeÒØ ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ ×Ý×ØeÑ׺ ½º AÒaÐÝ×i× Óf Øhe iØeѹba×ed ÔÖedicØiÓÒ aÐgÓÖiØhÑ× aÒd ÇØheÖ ØechÒÓÐÓgie× haÚe aÐ×Ó b eeÒ aÔÔÐied ØÓ ÖecÓÑÑeÒdeÖ ideÒØi¬caØiÓÒ Óf di«eÖeÒØÛaÝ× ØÓ iÑÔÐeÑeÒØiØ× ×Ùb¹ ×Ý×ØeÑ׸ iÒcÐÙdiÒg BaÝe×iaÒ ÒeØÛÓÖk׸ cÐÙ×ØeÖiÒg¸ aÒd ÀÓÖع Øa×k׺ iÒgº BaÝe×iaÒ ÒeØÛÓÖk× cÖeaØe a ÑÓ deÐ ba×ed ÓÒ a ØÖaiÒiÒg ¾º FÓÖÑÙÐaØiÓÒ Óf a ÔÖecÓÑÔÙØed ÑÓ deÐ Óf iØeÑ ×iÑiÐaÖiØÝ ×eØ ÛiØh a deci×iÓÒ ØÖee aØ each ÒÓ de aÒd edge× ÖeÔÖe×eÒع ØÓ iÒcÖea×e Øhe ÓÒÐiÒe ×caÐabiÐiØÝ Óf iØeѹba×ed ÖecÓѹ iÒg Ù×eÖ iÒfÓÖÑaØiÓÒº Ìhe ÑÓ deÐ caÒ b e bÙiÐØ Ó«¹ÐiÒe ÓÚeÖ a ÑeÒdaØiÓÒ׺ ÑaØØeÖ Óf hÓÙÖ× ÓÖ daÝ׺ Ìhe Öe×ÙÐØiÒg ÑÓ deÐ i× ÚeÖÝ ×ÑaÐи ÚeÖÝ fa×ظ aÒd e××eÒØiaÐÐÝ a× accÙÖaØe a× ÒeaÖe×Ø ÒeighbÓÖ ¿º AÒ eÜÔ eÖiÑeÒØaÐ cÓÑÔaÖi×ÓÒ Óf Øhe ÕÙaÐiØÝÓf×eÚeÖaÐ ÑeØhÓ d× [6]º BaÝe×iaÒ ÒeØÛÓÖk× ÑaÝÔÖÓÚe ÔÖacØicaÐ fÓÖ eÒ¹ di«eÖeÒØ 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  • A Grouplens Perspective
    From: AAAI Technical Report WS-98-08. Compilation copyright © 1998, AAAI (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. RecommenderSystems: A GroupLensPerspective Joseph A. Konstan*t , John Riedl *t, AI Borchers,* and Jonathan L. Herlocker* *GroupLensResearch Project *Net Perceptions,Inc. Dept. of ComputerScience and Engineering 11200 West78th Street University of Minnesota Suite 300 Minneapolis, MN55455 Minneapolis, MN55344 http://www.cs.umn.edu/Research/GroupLens/ http://www.netperceptions.com/ ABSTRACT identifying sets of articles by keyworddoes not scale to a In this paper, wereview the history and research findings of situation in which there are thousands of articles that the GroupLensResearch project I and present the four broad contain any imaginable set of keywords. Taken together, research directions that we feel are most critical for these two weaknesses represented an opportunity for a new recommender systems. type of filtering, that would focus on finding which INTRODUCTION:A History of the GroupLensProject available articles matchhuman notions of quality and taste. The GroupLens Research project began at the Computer Such a system would be able to produce a list of articles Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)Conference in 1992. that each user wouldlike, independentof their content. Oneof the keynote speakers at the conference lectured on a Wedecided to apply our ideas in the domain of Usenet his vision of an emerging information economy,in which news. Usenet screamsfor better information filtering, with most of the effort in the economywould revolve around hundreds of thousands of articles posted daily. Manyof the production, distribution, and consumptionof information, articles in each Usenet newsgroupare on the sametopic, so rather than physical goods and services.
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