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Fifty-Sixth Legislature MAINE STATE LEGISLATURE The following document is provided by the LAW AND LEGISLATIVE DIGITAL LIBRARY at the Maine State Law and Legislative Reference Library http://legislature.maine.gov/lawlib Reproduced from scanned originals with text recognition applied (searchable text may contain some errors and/or omissions) AOTS AND RESOLVES OF THE FIFTY-SIXTH LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MAINE. 1877. Published by the Seoretary of Stato, agreeably to Resolves of Juno 28, 1820, February 28, 184,0, and .Maroh 16, 184,2. AUGUSTA: SPRAGUE, OWEN & NASH, PRINTERS TO THE STATE. 18'1'1. ADDRESS OF EX-GOVERNOR J. L. OHAMBERLAIN AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION, PHILADELPHIA, NOV. 4, 1876, AND IN CONVENTION OF 'rHE LEGISLATURE OF MAINE, FEB. 6, 1877. Two conspicuous headlands strike the attention of the European voyager approaching the North Atlantic coast. Reaching out boldly seaward they serve to mark the general direction of the shore, yet between them a vast expanse of' water stretches to the north a day's sail beyond sight. These headlands are Cape Sable and Cape Cod,' whose outer lights range with each other about east-north-east anci west-south­ west, and are distant in a right line about 250 miles. Facing this line, at an average distance of 125 miles, lies the const of Maine; fronted right and left by these two capes-great salients lying out like couchant lions guarding its broad approach. For, on their range a perpendicular from Cape Sable passes very Hear Eastport, the easternlllost town of Maine; while a perpendicular from Nauset light, passing between Cape Ann and the Isles of Shoals, strikes not far from the city of Portsmouth on the Piscataqlla river, which forms part of the western boundary of Maine. 2 These lines would enclose an almost regnlar rectangular parallelo­ gram/ with a breadth one-half its length, but the figure is extended by two deep pockets, the Bny of Fundy on one side, and Cape Cod Bay on the other,-at the bottom of one, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and opposite, New Hamp- IOlle can hardly help regretting that this name given by Gosnolcl (1602) has survived the morc fitting designation given by Champlain and Dc Monts (1605) ,-Cap Blanc, "n'11ite Cape.-a striking' eontl'aRt with Cape Sable opposite. The Dutch also called it Witte Hoeck, II' hitc Hook. The Northmen had nallled it six hundred years before, Kialal'1ll'ss, Ship­ nose. (,fhol'wnld, Erik's son, 1002). 'U. S. Coast Survey charts. Atlantic, sheet No. 1. 3It was not this, but the Gulf of St. Lawrence probably. which Gomara (Rist. de las Inclhls) calls Golfo Quadrado, the S(ll111re Gulf. On the early charts this Gulf is represented as semi-circular, or the tiat segment of an ellipse. 36 270 ADDRESS OF EX-GOVERNOR CHAMBERLAIN. shire and M:1sf)::tchusctts. This coneidc:!.'able body of water, well deserving to be called a gulf, has in recent times received an appropriate name from the land whose limits lie so exactly opposite its great entrance capes, and is called the Gulf of Maine. l This shoreland is also remarkable, 'being so battered and frayed by sea and storm, and worn perhaps by arctic currents and glacier beds,2 that its natural front of some 250 miles is multiplied to an extent of not less than 2,500 miles of salt water line; while at an average distance of about three miles from the main land, stretches a chain of outposts consisting of more than three hundred islauds~ -fragments of the main­ striking in their diversity,-on the west, low, wooded and grassy to the water's edge, and rising eastwurd through bolder types to the crowns and cliffs of Mt. Desert and Quoddy Head,-an advancing series from beauty to sub­ limity ;4 and behind all these are deep basins and broad i·iver­ mouths, affording convenient and spacions harbors, in many of which the navies of nations might safely ride at anchor.6 There is no donbt that the adventurous spirits of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were greatly draWn to these waters and shores, all the natural products of which offered themselves with primeval prodigality. One needs only to glance at the early charts,. or the wonderful stories of the voyagers of the times to perceive the romantic interest that centered here, and be prepared to understand why the great lEdinburg' Encyc., 1832, vol. XVIII. The name was first applied by Prof. J. E. Rilgard, of the U. S. Coast Survey office, and through his efforts it is likely to "become permanent. 2Fiord valleys. Dana's Geolog-y, 533. 3This portion of the coast may always be lmown on the rudest early charts by the dash of islands with which the explorers somewhat care­ lessly record their observations. "'Advancing'" only in the effect on human emotions; for in true rank I suppose the beautiful must be higher than the sublime, being the pm'fec­ tion and peace, where all the parts are obedient to the central law or soul of a thing; while the sublime overweighs the 1'lw and limit of perfection, and shows a power ready to pass out from the peace of its own being, and to threaten and destroy. Peace is higher than war. n Somes's Sound is probably the most commodious and strategically advantageous position for a Naval Station for the United States on the whole Atlantic Coast. An effort was made to draw the attention of the Government to this in 1869. B A very valuable collection appears in the interesting work of Dr. J. G. Kohl of Germany, "Discovery of the East Coast of America," Doc. Hist. of ~Ie., Vol. I. ADDRESS OF EX· GOVERNOR CHAMBERLAIN. 271 minds of that period attached such importance to the posses­ sion of this gulf, as if they foresaw that it must become the key to the Continent. Especially attractive was the regiou betweeu the Piscataqua and Penobscot, in its marvellous beauty of shore and sea, of island and inlet, of bay and river and harbor, surpassing any other equally extensive portion of the Atlantic coast, and compared by travellers earliest and latest, with the famed archipelago of the lEgean. 1 This was the objective point, not only of poetic fancy and dreams of Empire, but of the earliest actual colonies and settlements upon which more than one killgdom of the Old "'IV-orld based its title to the New. Here, in the region about Pemaquid and Monhegan, were "fhevet gave a glowing account of the Penobscot region visited by bim iu 1556. Rosier, historian of Weymouth's voyage (1605), has among other lavish expressions of delight, the following comments upon a river explored by 1Veymouth, formerly supposed to be the Penobscot. but now thought to be the Sagadahoc. (John ~IcKecn, ~Ic. Hist. Coli. Vol. V): "As we passed with a gcntle wind up with our ship in this river, auy man may conceive with what admiration we all consentcd in joy. Many of our company who had been travellers in sundry countries, and in most famous rivcrs, yet affirmed them not comparablc to this they now beheld. Somc that were with Sir 1Valtcr Ralcigh in his voyage to Guiana, in the discovery of the river Orenoqne, which echoed fumc to the world's ~ars. gave reasolls why it was not to be compared with this, which wanteth the dangcrs of many shoals, and broken ground, wherewith that was incumbcrC(l. Others bcfore that notable rivcr in the West Indies eallecl Rio Grande; some before the river of Loire, the river Seinc and of Bonrlleaux ill France;' which although thcy be great and goodly rivers, yet it is no de­ traction from them to bc accounted inferior to this."-Mass. Hist. Coli. 3(1 Series, Vol. 8. We must cite also a passage in Dc Peyster's Dutch in JlIaine, p. 44, "How fcw are alive to thc glorious and varied beauty of that zone of islands which commencing with the perfection of Casco Bay, tcrminates with the precipitous seal-frequented shores of Grand ~Ienan. Of all the archipelagoes sung by the poet, dcscribed by the historian, ami depict cd by the painter, there is none which can cxceed in its union of charms thosc two hundred miles of intermingling land and ocean, whcre lost in each other's embrace, the sea seems in love with thc land and the shore with the foam crested waves." 'I'he beauty of this description is hcightenc(l for the love of German romance, by the association which calls np thc passage at the opening of Fouque's Uudine, "Und cs schien eben so wohl die Erdzllngc habe sich aus Liebe zu del' bliiulich Idaren wunderhellen Flnth, in (liese hinein gedriingt, als auch das 'Vassal' habe mit verlicbten Annen Hach del' schanen Auc gegrifl'en, nach ihren hoch schwankcnden Grascrn unci Blnmen, und nach dem erquicklicheu Scatten ih1'e1' Biinme." 272 ADDRESS OF EX-GOVERNOR CHAMBERLAIN. wont to remlezvous the ships of many nations '-English, French, Spanish" Portuguese, Dutch and Italian-and made a strange company for the astonished senses of thc too trustful aborigines.9 The objects of these visits varied with national temper and hilbit, and also with the growing ambition of the timcs. First, a way to the Indies was soug'ht; then gold; then fish and flU's; then higher motives than trade prevailed, and noble minds conceived the great enterprise of bringing this f'air land under the hand of civilization, and dec1icating it to the good of' man ::md glory of God.
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