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Universidade De Brasília Instituto De Ciências Biológicas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia “Biodiversidade de Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) nos biomas brasileiros, padrões de atividade temporal diária e áreas prioritárias para conservação de Sphingidae e Saturniidae no Cerrado” Danilo do Carmo Vieira Corrêa Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia como um dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ecologia. Orientadora: Dra. Ivone Rezende Diniz Brasília-DF, julho de 2017 Danilo do Carmo Vieira Corrêa “Biodiversidade de Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) nos biomas brasileiros, padrões de atividade temporal diária e áreas prioritárias para conservação de Sphingidae e Saturniidae no Cerrado” Dissertação aprovada pela Comissão Examinadora em defesa pública para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ecologia junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia da Universidade de Brasília. Comissão Examinadora _______________________________________ Profa. Dra. Ivone Rezende Diniz Presidente / Orientadora PPGECL – UnB _______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Felipe Wanderley Amorim Membro Titular Externo Instituto de Biociências – UNESP _______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Paulo César Motta Membro Titular Interno PPGECL – UnB Brasília, 11 de julho de 2017. ii Agradecimentos Externo minha gratidão a todas instituições e pessoas que colaboraram direta e indiretamente para a realização de todas as fases deste trabalho. Particularmente: ao Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade pelo financiamento dos projetos de pesquisa, disponibilização de veículos de campo, infraestrutura de laboratórios, pelo auxílio valoroso de diversos colaboradores e por ter me proporcionado o tempo necessário à realização do curso; À Embrapa Cerrados pela disponibilização da infraestrutura de laboratórios, Coleção Entomológica, e do apoio técnico imprescindível de seus estagiários, técnicos e pesquisadores; Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade de Brasília pela organização, oferta, e qualidade do curso e pelo atendimento do corpo docente às minhas necessidades de capacitação profissional; Ao Dr. Onildo João Marini Filho pela oportunidade de colaboração profissional junto ao Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade do Cerrado e Caatinga, pela parceria, apoio e incentivo durante a execução dos projetos de pesquisa e a realização do Mestrado; À toda a equipe do Centro Nacional de Avaliação da Biodiversidade e de Pesquisa e Conservação do Cerrado pela parceria profissional e execução das atividades do Centro durante o período de minha capacitação; Ao Dr. Amabílio José Aires de Camargo, ao M.Sc. Willian Rogers Ferreira de Camargo e ao Dr. Nicholas Ferreira de Camargo pela amizade, parceria, orientação científica, apoio e incentivo durante a execução dos projetos de pesquisa e de todas as fases deste trabalho; À Dra. Ivone Rezende Diniz por sua atenção, gentileza e fino trato, pela orientação científica e formal, colaboração, apoio e incentivo efetivos em todas as fases do curso; Ao Dr. Ricardo Bomfim Machado pela atenção e dedicação durante o curso e pela orientação científica, colaboração, apoio e incentivo efetivos para a elaboração do terceiro capítulo deste trabalho; iii A todos os colaboradores das atividades de campo pelas várias horas acordados aguardando as mariposas, pela parceria e trabalho realizado; Ao Dr. Felipe Wanderley Amorim e ao Dr. Paulo César Motta pelo pronto aceite ao convite de participação da Comissão Examinadora; A meus pais pelo conselho, apoio e incentivo durante a realização deste trabalho; À minha esposa Fernanda de Castro e Silva e filha Maria Luísa de Castro e Silva Vieira Corrêa pela compreensão durante a realização deste trabalho e pelo conselho, apoio e incentivo. Gratidão. iv Sumário Agradecimentos ............................................................................................................... iii Lista de Figuras ............................................................................................................... vi Lista de Tabelas ................................................................................................................ x Lista de Apêndices ........................................................................................................... xi Resumo .......................................................................................................................... xv Abstract ........................................................................................................................ xvi Introdução Geral ............................................................................................................. 17 Referências bibliográficas ............................................................................................... 21 Capítulo 1. Biodiversidade de Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) nos biomas brasileiros – distribuição, composição, riqueza, abundância e ocorrência em Unidades de Conservação .................................................................................................................. 25 Introdução ................................................................................................................................. 25 Material e métodos ................................................................................................................... 29 Resultados ................................................................................................................................. 31 Discussão .................................................................................................................................. 41 Conclusão ................................................................................................................................. 46 Referências bibliográficas ........................................................................................................ 47 Capítulo 2. Padrões de atividade temporal diária de Sphingidae e Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) no Cerrado ............................................................................................ 94 Introdução ................................................................................................................................. 94 Material e métodos ................................................................................................................... 97 Resultados ............................................................................................................................... 100 Discussão ................................................................................................................................ 103 Conclusão ............................................................................................................................... 107 Referências bibliográficas ...................................................................................................... 108 Capítulo 3. Áreas prioritárias para conservação de Sphingidae e Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) no Cerrado .......................................................................................... 125 Introdução ............................................................................................................................... 125 Material e Métodos ................................................................................................................. 127 Resultados ............................................................................................................................... 130 Discussão ................................................................................................................................ 138 Conclusão ............................................................................................................................... 140 Referências bibliográficas ...................................................................................................... 140 Conclusões gerais ....................................................................................................... 179 v Lista de Figuras Figura I1. Exemplares das cinco subfamílias de Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) com ocorrência no Brasil: a) Copiopteryx semiramis montei (Gagarin, 1934): Arsenurinae; b) Eacles imperialis (Drury, 1773): Ceratocampinae; c) Hiperchiria orodina (Schaus, 1900): Hemileucinae; d) Oxytenis sp. Oxyteninae; e) Rothschildia erycina (Shaw, [1796]): Saturniinae. Fotos sem escala (Danilo Correa, 2015). ................................................... 19 Figura I2. Exemplares das três subfamílias de Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) com ocorrência no Brasil: a) Pseudosphinx tetrio (Linnaeus, 1771): Macroglossinae; b) Amphimoea walkeri (Boisduval, [1875]): Sphinginae; c) Protambulyx strigilis (Linnaeus, 1771): Smerinthinae. Fotos sem escala (Danilo Correa, 2015). ................................................ 20 Figura 1.1. Distribuição dos registros de ocorrência de Sphingidae nos biomas brasileiros (Dados compilados de 39 artigos científicos, três teses, duas dissertações, um livro, 14 bases de dados de coleções entomológicas e dados primários de levantamentos realizados no Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros, Parque Nacional Chapada Diamantina e Rio Pardo de Minas – MG, de fevereiro de 2009 a novembro de 2014)............................... 32 Figura 1.2. Número de espécies de Sphingidae com ocorrência registrada nos estados
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