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Tesis En B5 Con Resumenes Habitat management and the use of plant-based resources for conservation biological control Gestión del hábitat y papel de los recursos vegetales en el control biológico por conservación Lorena Pumariño Romero ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tdx.cat) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service is not authorized (framing). This rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA DEA- Programa de Doctorado “Avances en ciencias agrarias y del medio natural”: Departamento Agricultura y Economía Agraria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Bienio 2006-2008 Programa de Doctorado “Biodiversidad”: Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Barcelona Habitat management and the use of plant-based resources for conservation biological control Gestión del hábitat y papel de los recursos vegetales en el control biológico por conservación Memoria presentada por Lorena Pumariño Romero para optar al título de Doctor por la Universidad de Barcelona 2012 Tesis realizada en el Departamento de Entomologia, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA, Cabrils) Director Tutora Dr. Oscar Alomar Kurz Dra. Marta Goula Goula Investigador de Entomología Investigadora titular Dto. Biología Animal IRTA- Centro de Cabrils Facultad de Biología Universidad de Barcelona Illustrations: Clara Herreros Front cover: Orius spp. feeding on an alyssum flower Back cover: Alyssum, buckwheat, phacelia and chamomile flowers. Faba bean and green bean stems. It matters not how strait the gate, How charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul. William Ernest Henley (and some years later, Nelson Mandela) A mi madre, mi padre y mi hermano A la memoria de mi yaya Acknowledgements Quisiera dar las gracias a todas aquellas personas o entidades que han colaborado en la consecución de este trabajo. En primer lugar mostrar mi agradecimiento al antiguo Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, que con una beca FPI ha financiado esta investigación y al IRTA, centro dónde se ha desarrollado la misma. A Oscar Alomar, director de esta tesis, por darme la oportunidad de realizarla y por su apoyo durante todo este tiempo. A Nuria Agustí por su ayuda y tutoría en el desarrollo de la parte de biología molecular. A Marta Goula, tutora en la UB, y Pedro del Moral, coordinador del programa de doctorado. Al resto de investigadores del departamento de Entomología del IRTA, siempre dispuestos a ayudar cuándo se lo he pedido. A todos los técnicos, auxiliares y estudiantes con los que he trabajado durante todo este periodo. A todas las becarias, el becario y el resto de inquilinos que han pasado por la caseta, sin dudarlo puedo decir que todo este tiempo no habría sido lo mismo sin vosotras. To all the people I met during my stay in the Bio-Protection Research Center at the Lincoln University, New Zealand: Steve Wratten, who gave me the opportunity to work in his lab and supervised all the project, Marco Jacommeti, for his help with the research projet, Dave Malcolm, whose company and conversation made the field and lab work the best ever, my dear flat mates, my tramp-hut mates and all the rest of the people I met in Christchurch. To all the people I met during my stay in the USDA-ARS North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory in Brookings, South Dakota: Jon Lundgren, who not only gave me the opportunity to work in his lab but also encouraged me enough to deal with the last period of my PhD, the Lundgren’s lab and the rest of the Lungren’s family, who absolutely made feel at home. To the sweetest flat mate I have ever known. To all the members of the little family we created in Brookings and the rest of the people I met there. Your company made the 4 months of my stay in the middle of nowhere something that I will never forget. A mis amigas/os, que me han acompañado, apoyado y escuchado durante todo este tiempo: personas con las que comparto mi tiempo tanto en los buenos momentos como en los malos y que hacen que mi vida sea mucho mejor. Especialmente a algunas de esas personas que, además de su amistad, han aportado su granito de arena a este trabajo con sus comentarios: Leyla, Tom, Kayla, Rafa, Pris y Marta. Y por supuesto a la artista e ilustradora de éste trabajo: Clara, que ha conseguido plasmar exactamente lo que yo quería, haciendo que lo que inicialmente eran unas feas fotos se hayan transformado en ilustraciones geniales. A toda mi familia, que siempre me han respetado y apoyado en mis decisiones, hayan comprendido o no. Pero sobre todo, gracias porque a pesar de todas las múltiples idas y venidas siempre me reciben con los brazos abiertos y con una gran sonrisa. Y finalmente a Charlye, mi acompañante en innumerables viajes y sueños. También en este: un impulso decisivo a la hora de empezar el viaje de la tesis. Gracias por un apoyo incondicional, por creer en mí y por alentarme siempre que lo he necesitado. Por todo lo compartido y por seguir estando ahí a pesar de todo sólo puedo decir GRACIAS. Table of contents Supervisor’s Report 1 Resumen 3 General Introduction 23 Objectives 31 Chapter 1 33 The role of omnivory in the conservation of predators: Orius majusculus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) on sweet alyssum Chapter 2 49 Lobularia maritima as an insectary plant for the conservation of Orius spp.: biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis Chapter 3 71 Diversity of floral and extrafloral nutritional resources on the fitness of an omnivorous bug, Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) Chapter 4 95 The influence of intraguild competitors on reproductive decisions by two predatory Heteroptera, Orius insidiosus (Anthocoridae) and Nabis americoferus (Nabidae) Chapter 5 109 Development of specific ITS markers for plant DNA identification within herbivorous insects Chapter 6 125 Enhancement of vineyard ecosystem services by under-vine mulches General Discussion 149 Conclusions 155 References 159 Annex: Published papers 179 Supervisor’s report Report of the supervisor of the Ph.D. Thesis in reference to its derived publications and the student’s contribution to them Dr. Oscar Alomar Kurz, Researcher of Sustainable Plant Protection Entomology (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), as supervisor of the Ph.D. Thesis authored by Ms. Lorena Pumariño Romero, and entitled Habitat management and the use of plant-based resources for conservation biological control (Gestión del hábitat y papel de los recursos vegetales en el control biológico por conservación), INFORMS That the results and conclusions achieved in the research developed by Ms. Lorena Pumariño Romero as part of her PhD Thesis have been organized in 6 chapters, which correspond to 6 papers (2 published, 1 accepted with revisions, 2 already submitted and 1 to be submitted). I attach the list of papers and manuscripts, together with the impact factor of each journal (2010 Journal Citation Reports, ISI Web of Knowledge). 1. Pumariño, L., O. Alomar and N. Agustí. 2011. Development of specific ITS markers for plant DNA identification within herbivorous insects. Bulletin of Entomological Research 101, 271 - 276. 2010 Journal Impact factor = 1.909, in Quartile 1 of the ‘Entomology’ group (Ranks 13 out of 83). 2. Pumariño, L., O. Alomar, J. G. Lundgren. 2011. The influence of intraguild competitors on reproductive decisions by two predatory Heteroptera, Orius insidiosus (Anthocoridae) and Nabis americoferus (Nabidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology 21(11), 1321 - 1330. 2010 Journal Impact factor = 0.882, in Quartile 3 of the ‘Entomology’ group (Ranks 43 out of 83). 3. Pumariño, L., O. Alomar (accepted pending revisions). The role of omnivory in the conservation of predators: Orius majusculus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) on sweet alyssum.
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