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Street Children in Durban: an Exploratory Investigation

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Street Children in Durban: an Exploratory Investigation DOCUMENT RESUME ED 421 236 PS 026 693 AUTHOR Chetty, Vanitha R. TITLE Street Children in Durban: AnExploratory Investigation. INSTITUTION Human Sciences Research Council,Pretoria (South Africa). REPORT NO HSRC-97-FAAZEL; ASS/BBS-62 ISBN ISBN-0-7969-1789-2 PUB DATE 1997-00-00 NOTE 214p. AVAILABLE FROM HSRC Publishers, Private BagX41, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa. PUB TYPE Books (010) Reports Research (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Child Welfare; *Childhood Attitudes;Children; Crime; *Delinquency; Delinquency Causes;Demography; Dropouts; *Early Adolescents; FamilyEnvironment; Family Influence; Family (Sociological Unit); ForeignCountries; Government Role; *Homeless People; JuvenileGangs; Labeling (of Persons); Political Influences;Profiles; Runaways; Social Influences; Social Problems; SocialServices; Substance Abuse; Trend Analysis; YouthProblems IDENTIFIERS Adolescent Attitudes; Arrests;Conflict Theory; Deviance; Shelters; *South Africa (Durban);Victimization ABSTRACT Massive social upheaval, families'failure to provide a supportive milieu, and the schools' fai",ure to !nstillan appreciation of education has contributed to large numbers of black streetchildren in South Africa. This exploratory study analyzed the problem ofstreet children in the Durban municipal area in South Africa, providing a social profileof children and their families, and exploring the roots of involvementin deviant behavior. Interviews were conducted with 193 street children atshelters in Durban and on the streets. Questionnaires were also completedby 71 service providers. Findings suggest that the social profile of thefamilies of the street children appears to be typical of black families in general.The children's inner motivations and expectations, and theirevaluation of costs and rewards were the mainfactors pushing them intostreet life. Although service providers expressed sympathy for street children,many regarded them as deviants, delinquents, future criminals, and a public nuisance.Service providers tended to advocate places of safety and schools ofindustry for their care. Based on the findings, it was concluded that thestreet child phenomenon necessitatesa partnership between governmental and non-governmental organizations to provide for policy and legislation,funding and resources to translate programs into concrete plans of action.(Contains 67 references.)(Author/KB) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRSare the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** tt, %:*-";71. AI .1: -'.!.qC.',; *,.." -4S. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as ceived from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY .k-V3-AsAvn TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 onr PY;{. 4VIrdiN ASS/BBS-62 STREET CHILDREN IN DURBAN: AN EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION 3 ASS/BBS-62 STREET CHILDREN IN DURBAN: AN EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION Vanitha R. Chetty HSRC Pretoria 1997 °Human Sciences Research Council, 1997 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. V.R. Chetty, D. Phil. Acting Head, Department of Criminology, University of Durban-Westville. ISBN 0-7969-1789-2 HSRC No: 97/FAAZEL This is a publication of the main committee for the Co-operative Research Programme on Affordable Personal Safety. The main committee does not necessarily agree with the views expressed and the conclusions drawn in this publication. HSRC research consultant: Dr W.J. Schurink Programme secretary: Mrs Magnet Doorewaard Series editor: Dr Lorraine Glanz Printed and published by: HSRC Publishers Private Bag X41 0001 Pretoria South Africa Other publications by the Co-operative Research Programme: Affordable Personal Safety are: A study of selected cases of family murder in South AfricaR.R. Graser `Chickens in a box'. A progressive participatory study of Lwandle hostel residents' perceptions of personal safetyJ.J. Sloth-Nielsen, D. Hanson & C. Richardson An analysis of South African crime statistics: Convictions for the period 1956-1988L. Glanz Gemeenskapstrawwe en maatskaplike werkF. Howes The development of a victim-offender mediation programmeL.M. Muntingh To live in fear: Witchburning and medicine murder in VendaA. de V. Minnaar Managing crime in the new South Africa: Selected readingsL. Glanz Victimline: The development and evaluation of a support service for crime victimsE. Schurink Sensation seeking, impulsivity and violence in schizophrenics found unfit to stand trialS.Z. Kaliski The procedural management of constitutional issues in criminal trials in a future South Africa: A cost-effectiveness studyV. Southwell & J.H. van Rooyen Promoting personal safety for women: Women set an agenda for policy formationM. Maconachie & M. van Zyl Postponements in criminal cases in Pretoria magistrate's courts: A cost-effectiveness studyR. van Vuuren & J.H. van Rooyen Crime in South Africa: Perceptions, fear and victimizationL. Glanz Crime, the courts and corrections: South African statistics for 1992- L. Glanz & C. Smit These publications can be obtained from the HSRC Publishers, Private Bag X41, Pretoria, 0001. Acknowledgements The researcher would liketo thank the following people and organisations who in various ways facilitated the undertaking and completion of the research: Prof. R.R. Graser, former head of the Department of Criminology, University of Durban-Westville. Members of staff at the Natal Provincial Administration who are involved in the welfare of street children. .Members of staff at the various places of safety and shelters for street children in and around Durban. .Durban Child and Family Welfare Society. Durban City Police and the South African Police Service. Streetwise, Durban City Health Department and the Durban city councillors who completed questionnaires. .The HSRC's Co-operative Research Programme on Affordable Personal Safety for financial assistance. Research assistant Themba Obed and computer programmer Indrani Naidoo. A special thank you to the street children who so willingly agreed to be interviewed. The opinions expressed and the conclusions drawn in this report are those of the researcher and do not necessarily reflect the views of the above persons or organisations. V.R. CHETTY July 1996 Editor's comment The research discussed in this report was completed and documented prior to the 1994 general elections and the 1995/1996 local elections. This means that the names of national, provincial and local government departments and structures, which were correct at the time of the study, may in many instances be obsolete. For example, the former Natal Provincial Administration is presently known as the KwaZulu- Natal Provincial Administration and the former Durban City Council is presently known as the Durban Metropolitan and Local Council. No attempt was made by the editor to correct outdated names since, among other reasons, at the time of editing this report, local elections in KwaZulu-Natal had not yet taken place. LORRAINE GLANZ July 1996 Table of contents Abstract Ekserp xv 1 Introduction and orientation Background to the study 1 Extent of the street child phenomenon 3 Theoretical framework 4 Rationale for the study 8 Aims of the investigation 10 Demarcation of the study 11 Defining relevant constructs 12 Outline of the report 15 2 Review of the literature Introduction 17 Aetiology of the street child phenomenon 18 Victimisation of street children 43 Street children and deviance 49 Summary 58 3 Methodology Introduction 61 Research model 61 Steps taken during the execution of the study 63 Limitations of the study 70 Strategies used to curb the effect of nuisance variables 72 4 The process of becoming a street child and getting involved in deviant activities Introduction 77 Sociodemographic characteristics of the sample 78 Street children's family background 86 Becoming a street child 95 Involvement in deviant behaviour 105 Social world of street children 118 Street children's perceptions and attitudes 123 Summary of findings 133 5 Managing street children: An analysis of approaches and services to street children in Durban Introduction 137 Sociodemographic characteristics of the sample of service providers 138 Service providers' views on street children 142 Views on the deviance of street children 154 Management of the street child phenomenon 159 Alternative future methods to deal with the street child phenomenon 167 Summary 177 6 Recommendations and conclusion Introduction 181 Main findings of the study 182 Prevention programmes on the macro level 184 Tertiary prevention programmes on the micro level 192 Recommendations for further research 193 Conclusion 194 References 194 10 Tables 1 Housing shortage 30 2 Realisation of sample of service providers 64 3 Sociodemographic characteristics of the sample 79 4 Family characteristics of the sample 89 5 Present contact of street children with their families
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