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The Case of Danish Cartoon Crisis
European Scientific Journal May 2014 edition vol.10, No.14 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 CONFLICT IN THE GLOBAL AGE: THE CASE OF DANISH CARTOON CRISIS Ayhan Akbulut, PhD Turkish National Police, Turkey Abstract This paper attempts to understand the new forms of international conflicts and the global forces having an impact on that in the last decade. For this sake it examines the global crisis known as Danish Cartoon Crisis, its background features, actors, the impacts of these actors and the effects of globalization trends on the process. Findings show that the background of the cartoon case is composed by the civilization identity. Whereas people from different cultures have become closer to each other with the accelerating pace of globalization, the differences come to the fore and put them further in mind in the new small world. Increasing communication availability also increased the tension between people from different civilizational identities and the result has been more systemic hatred among them as a negative side of globalization. Keywords: International conflict, globalization, cartoon crisis Introduction This paper tries to understand the changing nature of international conflicts in the last decade. For this purpose it examines the international crisis, known as Danish Cartoon Crisis, and lived between Islamic countries and Western Europe in late 2005 and 2006. The main global background features and the actors of the crisis, the influences of the actors and the global sources of those influences form the subject of the paper. Firstly, a brief overview is made about international conflicts and its changing patterns in the history. -
Volume XIV, Issue 6 December 2020
ISSN 2334-3745 Volume XIV, Issue 6 December 2020 Special Issue Restraint in Terrorist Groups and Radical Milieus Guest Editors Joel Busher and Tore Bjørgo PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 6 Table of Contents Welcome from the Editors...............................................................................................................................1 Articles Restraint in Terrorist Groups and Radical Milieus: Towards a Research Agenda.........................................2 by Joel Busher and Tore Bjørgo Non-Involvement in Terrorist Violence: Understanding the Most Common Outcome of Radicalization Processes........................................................................................................................................................14 by Bart Schuurman Learning from the Lack of Political Violence: Conceptual Issues and Research Designs...........................27 by Leena Malkki Why the Nordic Resistance Movement Restrains Its Use of Violence..........................................................37 by Tore Bjørgo and Jacob Aasland Ravndal The Internal Brakes on Violent Escalation within the British Extreme Right in the 1990s........................49 by Graham Macklin On the Permissibility of Homicidal Violence: Perspectives from Former US White Supremacists...........65 by Steven Windisch, Pete Simi, Kathleen M. Blee, and Matthew DeMichele Internal Debates, Doubts and Discussions on the Scope of Jihadi Violence: The Case of the Turnup Terror Squad..................................................................................................................................................77 -
The Cartoon Riots: a New Cultural Diplomacy
The Cartoon Riots: A New Cultural Diplomacy by Binoy Kampmark In September 2005, riots erupted, diplomatic relations with much of the Muslim world were ruptured, two embassies were destroyed, and several lives were lost. In Syria, the Danish and Norwegian embassies were burned. In Gaza, Danish flags were set alight. In Yemen, 100,000 women marched in protest. This mayhem was the result of a Danish newspaper’s publication of caricatures (commissioned illustrations for a children’s book) depicting the Prophet Muhammad. The images were not flattering. One pictured Muhammad with a bomb-shaped turban. Another mocked Islam’s purported ambivalence towards women’s rights: heaven was apparently running short of virgins for suicide bombers. They were hardly humorous and the Danish Government, led by a stubborn Anders Fogh Rasmussen, defended the publication of the cartoons on the grounds of free speech.1 How should these reactions be interpreted? Was the Muslim world entitled to take such measures? The purpose of this article is to analyze the global reaction to the cartoons, within the broader context of diplomatic precedent, a task that has been neglected in favor of purely cultural critiques.2 The study seeks out comparisons with previous events in order to posit how Islam and the West come to grips with the role of religion in their diplomatic relations and how the mechanics of those relations have developed. The paper also suggests that religion has been an important part of diplomatic history. As such, this current secular-religious clash requires another mode of analysis. What is needed is the realization that a new diplomacy – one that acknowledges the resurgent role religion and cultural considerations play in state relations – has developed. -
At Mecca Meeting, Cartoon Outrage Crystallized - New York Times Página 1 De 4
At Mecca Meeting, Cartoon Outrage Crystallized - New York Times Página 1 de 4 February 9, 2006 The Protests At Mecca Meeting, Cartoon Outrage Crystallized By HASSAN M. FATTAH BEIRUT, Lebanon, Feb. 8 — As leaders of the world's 57 Muslim nations gathered for a summit meeting in Mecca in December, issues like religious extremism dominated the official agenda. But much of the talk in the hallways was of a wholly different issue: Danish cartoons satirizing the Prophet Muhammad. The closing communiqué took note of the issue when it expressed "concern at rising hatred against Islam and Muslims and condemned the recent incident of desecration of the image of the Holy Prophet Muhammad in the media of certain countries" as well as over "using the freedom of expression as a pretext to defame religions." The meeting in Mecca, a Saudi city from which non-Muslims are barred, drew minimal international press coverage even though such leaders as President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran were in attendance. But on the road from quiet outrage in a small Muslim community in northern Europe to a set of international brush fires, the summit meeting of the Organization of the Islamic Conference — and the role its member governments played in the outrage — was something of a turning point. After that meeting, anger at the Danish caricatures, especially at an official government level, became more public. In some countries, like Syria and Iran, that meant heavy press coverage in official news media and virtual government approval of demonstrations that ended with Danish embassies in flames. In recent days, some governments in Muslim countries have tried to calm the rage, worried by the increasing level of violence and deaths in some cases. -
Terrorism-Related Subjects
PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 6 Counterterrorism Bookshelf: 20 Books on Terrorism & Counter- Terrorism-Related Subjects Reviewed by Joshua Sinai So many books are published on terrorism- and counterterrorism-related subjects that it is difficult to catch up on a large backlog of monographs and edited volumes received for review. In order to deal with this backlog, this column consists of capsule reviews, including Tables of Contents of 20 books, including also several books published less recently but still meriting attention. Some of the new books will be reviewed in future issues of ‘Perspectives on Terrorism’ as stand-alone reviews. The books are listed topically. General Robert J. Bunker, Terrorism Futures: Evolving Technology and TTPS Use (Indianapolis, IN: Xlibris/A C/O Futures Pocketbook, 2020), 160 pp., US $ 16.99 [Paperback], ISBN: 978-1-6641-3781-3. This is a fascinating and innovative series of essays about future technological trends in terrorist warfare and the counterterrorism measures that will be required in response. The author is the director of research and analysis of C/O Futures, LLC, of which he is also a managing partner. Table of Contents: Foreword: Terrorist Imagineering; Preface: Terrorism Futures; Essay 1: Virtual Martyrs – Jihadists, Oculus Rift, and IED Drones; Essay 2: Terrorism as Disruptive Targeting; Essay 3: Fifth Dimensional Battlespace – Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Implications; Essay 4: Close to the Body and Body Cavity Suicide Bombs; Essay 5: Use and Potentials of Counter-Optical Lasers -
TALLINN UNIVERSITY of TECHNOLOGY School of Business
TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY School of Business and Governance Department of Law Xhensila Gjaci CHARLIE HEBDO CARTOONS CASE IN EUROPE: DANGEROUS JOURNEYS AT THE EDGES OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION Master Thesis LAW, European Union and International Law Supervisor: EvhenTsybulenko, Senior Lecturer Tallinn 2020 I hereby declare that I have compiled the thesis/paper independently and all works, important standpoints and data by other authors have been properly referenced and the same paper has not been previously presented for grading. The document length is 19094 words from the introduction to the end of the conclusion. Xhensila Gjaci …………………………… (signature, date) Student code: 146963HAJM Student e-mail address: [email protected] Supervisor: Evhen Tsybulenko, Senior Lecturer: The paper conforms to requirements in force …………………………………………… (signature, date) Chairman of the Defence Committee: Permitted to the defence ………………………………… (name, signature, date) TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 6 INTRODUCTION 7 1. ROOTS OF A TRAGEDY 10 1.1. Charlie Hebdo Attack 10 1.1. Genesis of the case 13 1.2. Charlie Hebdo and it place in French Journalism 19 1.3. The nature of the published cartoons of Prophet Muhammed 22 2. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 25 2.1. Short history 25 2.2. Instruments regulating freedom of expression 26 2.3. Article 10 of European Convention on Human Rights 29 2.3.1. More about the categories of expression 30 2.3.2. States obligation 32 2.3.3. Special role of media and press 34 2.3.4. Second paragraph of Article 10 36 3. ANALYSING OF THE CASE IN THE LIGHT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY 38 3.1. -
Politisk Kronik 1. Halvår 2006
Politisk kronik 1. halvår 2006 Lektor Lars Bille, Institut for Statskundskab, Københavns Universitet Ud over de sædvanlige emner på den inden- splintrede det fællesskab, som var én af Dan- rigspolitiske dagsorden såsom skattestop, be- marks stærke sider. skæftigelsessituationen, forskning, uddan- nelse, efterløn, pensionsalder, velfærdsre- Den 4. januar modtog Udenrigsministeriet form mv., var det nødvendigt, at statsminister officielt Den Arabiske Ligas protestskrivelse Anders Fogh Rasmussen i nytårstalen også mod tegningerne, som ligaen havde vedtaget forholdt sig til den spændte situation, der var den 29. december 2005. I skrivelsen blev den opstået i forholdet til den muslimske verden danske regering opfordret til at gå ind i sa- som følge af offentliggørelsen af 12 karika- gen. Den 5. januar havde udenrigsminister turtegninger af profeten Muhammed i Jyl- Per Stig Møller en telefonsamtale med liga- lands-Posten den 30. september 2005. ens generalsekretær, og de blev enige om at søge sagen bilagt. I et efterfølgende brev til Statsministeren gjorde det klart, at han for- generalsekretæren medsendtes dele af stats- dømte enhver udtalelse, handling eller tilken- ministerens nytårstale, som generalsekretæ- degivelse, som forsøgte at dæmonisere grup- ren ville videresende til medlemmerne af li- per af mennesker på baggrund af deres religi- gaen. Per Stig Møller gjorde det i øvrigt klart on eller etniske baggrund. Den gode danske under samtalen, at flere arabiske aviser hav- tradition for en vidtgående ytringsfrihed de misinformeret om danske forhold. skulle foregå i gensidig respekt og forståelse, og de enkelte utilladeligt krænkende ytringer, Blandt andet at Danmark var i gang med at der havde været, og som han tog klart afstand udgive en censureret oversættelse af Kora- fra, skulle ikke overskygge den kendsger- nen, at Jyllands-Posten ikke var en selvstæn- ning, at tonen i den danske debat i alminde- dig avis, men styret af regeringen, og at isla- lighed både var redelig og ordentlig. -
Religion I Danmark 2017
RELIGION I DANMARK 2017 Danmarks nye muslimske intellektuelle – en ny islamisk autoritet? Af Malik Christian Reimer Larsen, cand.mag. i Religionsvidenskab [email protected] Intellektuelle har altid spillet en central rolle i den islamiske historie og også i dag finder man muslimske intellektuelle i forskellige sammenhænge. I en dansk kontekst har sådanne optrådt i den offentlige debat fra så forskellige udgangspunkter som for eksempel talsmanden for Hizb ut-Tahrir, Junes Kock, imamerne fra Dansk Islamisk Center, Waseem Hussain, Naveed Baig og Fatih Alev, eller samfundsdebattører med muslimsk baggrund som Tarek Ziad Hussein eller Ahmed Akkari1. I det speciale, som ligger til grund for denne artikel, undersøgte jeg en række danske muslimer, som jeg har valgt at kalde for de nye muslimske intellektuelle i Danmark. De udgør ikke en organiseret gruppe, men kender udmærket hinanden. Det, som gør dem interessante, er, at de som nogle af de første dansk opvoksede muslimer har erhvervet sig formelle islamiske uddannelser fra muslimske majoritetslande ved siden af deres uddannelser til ingeniører, læger og jurister. På baggrund af begge dele mener de, som muslimske autoriteter, at have et bedre udgangspunkt for at balancere et muslimsk liv i en dansk sammenhæng end for eksempel de traditionelle imamer. 1 I den brede offentlighed fremstilles Junes Kock og Hizb ut-Tahrir ofte som fundamentalistiske, Waseem Hussain, Naveed Baig og Fatih Alev kaldes moderate, mens den sene Ahmed Akkari beskrives som direkte islamkritisk (Kristeligt Dagblad 06.01.2012; Politiken 20.03.2016; Jyllands-Posten 11.03.2016). 52 E-årbog Religion i Danmark 2017 Center for Samtidsreligion Forældregenerationen og de unge muslimer Spørgsmålet om religiøs autoritet – altså hvem, der har ret til at udstikke retningslinjer om religiøse emner – er et klassisk tema indenfor religionsvidenskaben og har også spillet en helt central rolle i islamforskningens beskrivelser af muslimer i Vesten. -
Denmark Country Profile
Denmark Euro-Islam.info -- Country profiles -- Country profiles Denmark Christine Publié le Wednesday 3 January 2007 Modifié le Friday 11 July 2008 Fichier PDF créé le Saturday 12 July 2008 Euro-Islam.info Page 1/25 Denmark Demographics As of January 2006, the total population of Denmark is 5.4 million; of this population, 463,235 (or 8.4%) are immigrants. There are an estimated 175,000-200,000 Muslims in Denmark, making up 3.7% of the total Danish population (Ministry of Integration, 2006; OSI 9) [1]. Most are first- and second-generation immigrants. Over the past two decades, Muslim immigrants have come from Iran, Iraq, the Palestinian territories, and Somalia. In the 1970s, many Muslims immigrated from Turkey, Pakistan, Morocco or Yugoslavia (U.S. Dept. of State, 2006; quoted in European Parliament 99). Turks make up the largest group of Muslims in Denmark (IHF, 2005). Muslims constitute the second largest religious community in Denmark after the Lutheran Protestant Church [U.S. Dept. of State, 2006; qtd. in European Parliament 99]. [2] Labor Market Research by state employment agencies and Danish think tanks provides very little information about Muslims in the labor market, because ethnicity is often explicitly kept out of surveys conducted by the national bureau of statistics (Danmarks Statistik), state-subsidized insurance associations, and labor unions. When ethnicity is a criterion for research, questions regarding religious identity are still avoided (OSI 19). There are indications that Muslims do not excel to the same degree as native-Danish in the job market. According to the Open Society Insititute (OSI) Report, the majority of ethnic minorities possess less skills and qualifications that are valuable in the workplace (OSI 19). -
Victims of Intimidation Freedom of Speech Within Europe’S Muslim Communities
Victims of Intimidation FREEDOM OF SPEECH WITHIN Europe’S MUSLIM COMMUNITIES Victims of Intimidation FREEDOM OF SPEECH WITHIN Europe’S MUSLIM COMMUNITIES Douglas Murray and Johan Pieter Verwey 2008 THE CENTRE FOR SOCIAL COHESION The Centre for Social Cohesion Clutha House 10 Storey’s Gate London SW1P 3AY Tel: +44 (0)20 7222 8909 Fax: +44 (0)5 601527476 Email: [email protected] www.socialcohesion.co.uk The Centre for Social Cohesion Limited by guarantee. Registered in England and Wales: No. 6609071 © The Centre for Social Cohesion,October 2008 All the Institute’s publications seek to further its objective of promoting the advancement of learning. The views expressed are those of the authors, not of the Institute. All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-9560013-1-3 Printed in Great Britain by The Cromwell Press Trowbridge, Wiltshire Contents Introduction xi Methodology xiii Politicians 1 n Ahmed Aboutaleb 2 n Mimount Bousakla 4 n Ekin Deligöz 6 n Ehsan Jami 8 n Naser Khader 11 n Samira Munir 14 n Nyamko Sabuni 16 n Manu Sareen 18 Journalists 21 n Magdi Allam 22 n Reda Hassaine 26 n Nosheen Ilyas 29 n Mohamed Sifaoui 31 Activists 35 n Mina Ahadi 36 n Ayaan Hirsi Ali 39 n Seyran Ates 43 n Mansur Escudero 47 n Maryam Namazie 49 n Kadra Noor 53 Writers & Academics 57 n Afshin Ellian 58 n Salman Rushdie 60 n Mohammad Anwar Shaikh 65 n Ibn Warraq 68 Artists 71 n Rachid Ben Ali 72 n Sooreh Hera 75 n Shabana Rehman 79 n Omar Sharif 83 n Deepika Thathaal 85 Conclusion 91 vi The authors Douglas Murray Douglas Murray is the Director of the Centre for Social Cohesion. -
Jihad in Denmark an Overview and Analysis of Jihadi Activity in Denmark 1990-2006
DANISH INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES STRANDGADE 56 • 1401 COPENHAGEN K • DENMARK TEL +45 32 69 87 87 • [email protected] • www.diis.dk JIHAD IN DENMARK AN OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF JIHADI ACTIVITY IN DENMARK 1990-2006 Michael Taarnby Jensen DIIS Working Paper no 2006/35 © Copenhagen 2006 Danish Institute for International Studies, DIIS Strandgade 56, DK-1401 Copenhagen, Denmark Ph: +45 32 69 87 87 Fax: +45 32 69 87 00 E-mails: [email protected] Web: www.diis.dk Cover Design: Carsten Schiøler Printed in Denmark by Vesterkopi as ISBN: 87-7605-176-5 Price: DKK 25.00 (VAT included) DIIS publications can be downloaded free of charge from www.diis.dk Michael Taarnby Jensen, Research Fellow, Research unit on Terrorism, DIIS Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................2 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................3 Methodology and sources......................................................................................................................4 The Egyptian network............................................................................................................................8 The North African Network...............................................................................................................21 Algeria to Guantanamo........................................................................................................................29 -
Unter Falschen Vorzeichen Auf Über 50 000
nicht einmal hier waren, erwarten etwas von Paris. Eine Ausstrahlung.“ Die Pari - ser hätten heute nicht mehr das Gefühl, in einer Stadt zu leben, in der die Zukunft erfunden wird. Während Hidalgo vom amtierenden Bürgermeister zu seiner Wunschnachfol - gerin gekürt wurde, inszeniert NKM sich als Unabhängige. Sie hat sich gegen die Rechte in ihrer Partei in einer Vorwahl durchgesetzt und sich anders als die Mehrheit ihrer Partei bei der Abstim - mung um die Homo-Ehe im Parlament enthalten. Außerdem hat sie fast schon vergessen gemacht, dass sie in einem In - terview einmal nicht wusste, was eine Metrofahrt kostet. Die Pariser sind berühmt dafür, immer unzufrieden zu sein – und Kritik gibt es nach mehr als zwölf Jahren Delanoë ge - nügend. Viele Pariser befürchten, dass ihre Stadt eine Art Freilichtmuseum wer - den könnte, das sich bald nur noch Alte, Reiche und Touristen leisten können. „Ein schwerwiegendes Problem“, sagt Ex-Prediger Akkari bei Århus, Anti-Dänemark-Protest in Islamabad 2006: „Ich war blind dafür, Kosciusko-Morizet, „wir wollen nicht die schönste aller Provinzstädte werden.“ Sie will mehr Unternehmen nach Paris holen. DÄNEMARK Außerdem ist da das städtische Budget. Es ist unter Delanoë deutlich gewachsen, die Zahl der Beamten von rund 40 000 Unter falschen Vorzeichen auf über 50 000. NKM hat die gestiegenen Steuern der Stadt kritisiert. Sie will damit aufhören, für viel Geld Sozialwohnungen Als Hassprediger hetzte er im Karikaturenstreit Muslime auf. zu schaffen, stattdessen sollen Investoren Nun wandte sich der Däne Ahmed Akkari vom Wohnungen für die Mittelschicht bauen. Hidalgo dagegen lobt den Erfolg ihrer radikalen Glauben ab – und fürchtet die Rache der Islamisten.