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JABŁKA I GRUSZKI Broszura Interpretacyjna Do Normy Handlowej Dla Jabłek I Gruszek Zawartej W Rozporządzeniu Komisji (WE) Nr 1619/2001 Z Dnia 6 Sierpnia 2001R

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JABŁKA I GRUSZKI Broszura Interpretacyjna Do Normy Handlowej Dla Jabłek I Gruszek Zawartej W Rozporządzeniu Komisji (WE) Nr 1619/2001 Z Dnia 6 Sierpnia 2001R JABŁKA I GRUSZKI Broszura interpretacyjna do normy handlowej dla jabłek i gruszek zawartej w rozporządzeniu Komisji (WE) nr 1619/2001 z dnia 6 sierpnia 2001r. SPIS TREŚCI 1. Wstęp ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Tekst normy z komentarzem .......................................................................................................................... 4 I. OKREŚLENIE PRODUKTU .................................................................................................................... 4 II. POSTANOWIENIA DOTYCZĄCE JAKOŚCI ................................................................................... 4 A. Wymagania minimalne .................................................................................................................... 4 B. Podział na klasy jakości ................................................................................................................. 11 III. POSTANOWIENIA DOTYCZĄCE SORTOWANIA WEDŁUG WIELKOŚCI ............................ 20 IV. POSTANOWIENIA DOTYCZĄCE TOLERANCJI .......................................................................... 22 A. Tolerancje dotyczące jakości ........................................................................................................ 22 B. Tolerancje dotyczące wielkości .................................................................................................... 23 V. POSTANOWIENIA DOTYCZĄCE PREZENTACJI ....................................................................... 24 A. Jednolitość ....................................................................................................................................... 24 B. Pakowanie ....................................................................................................................................... 25 C. Prezentacja ...................................................................................................................................... 26 VI. POSTANOWIENIA DOTYCZĄCE ZNAKOWANIA ........................................................................ 29 A. Cechy identyfikacyjne .................................................................................................................... 30 B. Nazwa produktu .............................................................................................................................. 31 C. Pochodzenie produktu ................................................................................................................... 31 D. Charakterystyka jakości handlowej .............................................................................................. 31 E. Znak urzędowej kontroli jakości (nieobowiązkowo) ................................................................. 32 Załącznik .......................................................................................................................................................... 33 3. Postanowienia normy – wersja skrócona ................................................................................................... 39 JABŁKA I GRUSZKI: Rozporządzenia Komisji (WE) Nr 1619/2001 2 1. Wstęp W Unii Europejskiej wymagania jakościowe dla świeżych owoców i warzyw objętych wspólną organizacją rynku, zgodnie z rozporządzeniem Komisji (WE) nr 2200/96, zawarte są w normach handlowych. Normy te są wprowadzane rozporządzeniami Komisji (WE) lub (EWG), a więc aktami prawnymi ogólnego zastosowania obowiązującymi w całości we wszystkich państwach członkowskich. Niniejsza broszura zawiera tekst normy handlowej dla cebuli wprowadzony rozporządzeniem Komisji (WE) nr 1619/2001 z dnia 6 sierpnia 2001 r. wraz z komentarzem oraz zdjęciami ilustrującymi poszczególne wymagania normy. JABŁKA I GRUSZKI: Rozporządzenia Komisji (WE) Nr 1619/2001 3 2. Tekst normy z komentarzem I. OKREŚLENIE PRODUKTU Przedmiotem normy są jabłka i gruszki odmian uprawnych (cultivar) Malus domestica Borkh. L. i Pyrus communis L. dostarczane konsumentom w stanie świeżym. Norma nie obejmuje jabłek i gruszek przeznaczonych do przetwórstwa. II. POSTANOWIENIA DOTYCZĄCE JAKOŚCI Celem normy jest określenie wymagań jakościowych dla jabłek i gruszek po ich przygotowaniu i zapakowaniu. A. Wymagania minimalne We wszystkich klasach jakości, uwzględniając szczegółowe wymagania dla danej klasy oraz dopuszczalne tolerancje, jabłka i gruszki powinny być: - całe Oznacza to, że owoce nie mogą mieć żadnych uszkodzeń powstałych zarówno podczas wzrostu, zbioru, pakowania jak i innych operacji związanych z przygotowaniem ich do przechowywania lub sprzedaży. Zdjęcie nr 1 – jabłko uszkodzone - niedopuszczalne JABŁKA I GRUSZKI: Rozporządzenia Komisji (WE) Nr 1619/2001 4 Zdjęcie nr 2 – jabłko uszkodzone - niedopuszczalne - zdrowe; nie dopuszcza się owoców z objawami zepsucia lub z takimi zmianami, które czynią je niezdatnymi do spożycia Zdjęcia nr 3 – zepsucie i uszkodzenia gradowe - niedopuszczalne JABŁKA I GRUSZKI: Rozporządzenia Komisji (WE) Nr 1619/2001 5 Zdjęcie nr 4 – gruszka z objawami gnicia - niedopuszczalna Zdjęcie nr 5 – gorzka plamistość miąższu – niedopuszczalne JABŁKA I GRUSZKI: Rozporządzenia Komisji (WE) Nr 1619/2001 6 Zdjęcie nr 6 – gorzka plamistość miąższu – niedopuszczalne Zdjęcie nr 7 – uszkodzenia gradowe - niedopuszczalne JABŁKA I GRUSZKI: Rozporządzenia Komisji (WE) Nr 1619/2001 7 - czyste, praktycznie wolne od jakichkolwiek widocznych zanieczyszczeń obcych Owoce powinny być wolne od śladów ziemi, brudu, pozostałości środków ochrony roślin. Zdjęcie nr 8 – jabłko zanieczyszczone - niedopuszczalne - praktycznie wolne od szkodników - praktycznie wolne od uszkodzeń spowodowanych przez szkodniki Owoce muszą być wolne od uszkodzeń spowodowanych przez owady, które powodują ich niezdatność do spożycia. W ramach tolerancji dla klasy II dozwolone jest maksymalnie 2 % owoców zarobaczywionych (patrz punkt IV Postanowienia dotyczące tolerancji), ale tylko takich, w których wada ta jest nieznaczna. Nie dopuszcza się owoców wyraźnie zarobaczywionych. JABŁKA I GRUSZKI: Rozporządzenia Komisji (WE) Nr 1619/2001 8 Zdjęcie nr 9 – jabłko zarobaczywione - niedopuszczalne - wolne od nadmiernego zawilgocenia powierzchniowego Niedopuszczalne są owoce wilgotne. Natomiast dopuszczalne jest lekkie zawilgocenie owoców spowodowane różnicą temperatur po wystawieniu owoców z chłodni. - bez obcych zapachów i/lub smaków Owoce nie mogą być przechowywane w nieodpowiednich warunkach, w których mogłyby pochłonąć niepożądane zapachy np. od innych produktów składowanych w tym samym miejscu. Dodatkowo jabłka i gruszki powinny być delikatnie zrywane. Szczególną uwagę należy przywiązywać do właściwego zrywania owoców, aby zapobiec ich odgnieceniom i innym uszkodzeniom skórki. Stopień rozwoju jabłek i gruszek powinien być taki, aby mogły: - nadal dojrzewać, osiągając stopień dojrzałości zgodny z cechami charakterystycznymi danej odmiany1 - wytrzymać transport i manipulacje, oraz - dotrzeć do miejsca przeznaczenia zachowując zadowalającą jakość. 1 Z powodu charakterystycznych cech odmianowych jeśli chodzi o dojrzałość zbiorczą dla odmiany Fuji dopuszcza się gwiaździstą szklistość miąższu pod warunkiem, że występuje w każdym owocu JABŁKA I GRUSZKI: Rozporządzenia Komisji (WE) Nr 1619/2001 9 Owoce powinny być wystarczająco rozwinięte, aby osiągnąć pełny stan dojrzałości typowy dla danej odmiany, ale nie mogą być przejrzałe gdyż to mogłoby ujemnie wpłynąć na ich przydatność do spożycia. Niedopuszczalne są owoce: - nie w pełni rozwinięte lub niedojrzałe, które więdną w czasie składowania oraz są kwaśne i twarde co dyskwalifikuje je pod względem przydatności do spożycia - przejrzałe Zdjęcie nr 10 – owoc przejrzały – niedopuszczalny - owoce, które po wystawieniu z chłodni wykazują wady takie jak wewnętrzne zbrązowienie, oparzelinę przechowalniczą czy wady spowodowane zbyt niską temperaturą JABŁKA I GRUSZKI: Rozporządzenia Komisji (WE) Nr 1619/2001 10 B. Podział na klasy jakości Jabłka i gruszki dzieli się na trzy niżej określone klasy jakości: (i) Klasa Extra Jabłka i gruszki w tej klasie powinny być najwyższej jakości. Powinny mieć kształt, wielkość i barwę2 charakterystyczne dla danej odmiany, a szypułka powinna być nie uszkodzona. Owoce klasy Ekstra powinny być najwyższej jakości i powinny być bardzo starannie zaprezentowane. Zdjęcie nr 11 – owoce klasy Ekstra 2 kryteria barwy i ordzawienia jabłek podane są w załącznikach do wymagań podobnie jak lista odmian odpowiadających tym kryteriom JABŁKA I GRUSZKI: Rozporządzenia Komisji (WE) Nr 1619/2001 11 Miąższ owoców powinien być całkowicie zdrowy. Owoce powinny być wolne od wszelkich wad, z wyjątkiem bardzo niewielkich wad powierzchniowych, pod warunkiem, że nie wpływają one ujemnie na ogólny wygląd owoców, ich jakość, zachowanie jakości oraz prezentację w opakowaniu. Gruszki nie powinny mieć komórek kamiennych. Miąższ takich gruszek posiada tzw. komórki kamienne, które powodują jego ziarnistość. Komórki kamienne dopuszczalne są jedynie wokół gniazda nasiennego. (ii) Klasa I Jabłka i gruszki w tej klasie powinny być dobrej jakości. Powinny mieć kształt, wielkość i barwę charakterystyczne dla danej odmiany2. Wymagania jakościowe dla owoców klasy I są nieco mniej rygorystyczne niż dla pomidorów klasy Ekstra, gdyż dopuszcza się występowanie pewnych wad. Mimo to owoce w tej klasie powinny dobrej jakości i powinny być starannie zaprezentowane. Zdjęcie nr 12 – owoce klasy I JABŁKA I GRUSZKI: Rozporządzenia Komisji (WE) Nr 1619/2001
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