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Salman Rushdies Grimus Og Dens Receptionshistorie SALMAN RUSHDIES GRIMUS OG DENS RECEPTIONSHISTORIE Indholdsfortegnelse FORORD ................................................................................................................................... 4 SUMMARY IN ENGLISH........................................................................................................ 5 FORKORTELSER ..................................................................................................................... 6 KAPITEL 1: TEORETISKE OVERVEJELSER....................................................................... 7 1.1 Indledende bemærkninger ................................................................................................ 7 1.2 Analytiske overvejelser .................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1. Meningspotentiale, genrer og kilder ........................................................................ 7 1.2.2. Kildetekst, intertekst og kontekst ........................................................................... 10 1.3 Receptionshistoriske overvejelser .................................................................................. 11 1.3.1. Forventningshorisonten.......................................................................................... 11 1.3.2. Æstetisk distance som æstetisk værdi .................................................................... 11 1.3.3. Det sociale aspekt .................................................................................................. 12 KAPITEL 2: KILDER TIL GRIMUS ...................................................................................... 14 2.1 Referat af Grimus ........................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Rushdies intentioner....................................................................................................... 15 2.3. Direkte tekstlige kilder .................................................................................................. 16 2.3.1. 'Attâr, Dante og Eliot ............................................................................................. 16 2.3.2. Science Fiction: Stanislaw Lem og Angela Carter ................................................ 18 2.4 Ikke-tekstlige kilder ....................................................................................................... 20 2.4.1. Counter culture attitude ......................................................................................... 20 2.4.2. Sufismen ................................................................................................................ 20 2.4.3. Øvrige mytologier .................................................................................................. 21 2.4.4. Sociologi og alternativ kosmologi ......................................................................... 22 2.5 Hentydninger til engelsk litteratur ................................................................................. 23 2.6 Sammenfatning .............................................................................................................. 25 KAPITEL 3: GRIMUS OG GENRERNE ................................................................................ 27 3.1 Genrens historiske inkonstans ........................................................................................ 27 3.2 Fantastik og realisme ..................................................................................................... 27 3.2.1. Definitioner af de fantastiske genrer ...................................................................... 27 3.2.2. Det fantastiske i det 20. århundrede: dødt eller transformeret? ............................. 31 3.2.3. De vidunderlige genrer i det 20. århundrede ......................................................... 32 3.2.4. The New Wave og "traditionens" genkomst ........................................................... 33 3.3 Myte og allegori ............................................................................................................. 34 3.3.1. Myte: forklaring eller fortælling ............................................................................ 35 3.3.2. Allegori: metafor, metonymi eller intertekst? ........................................................ 36 3.4 Genrespecifikke signaler i Grimus ................................................................................. 37 KAPITEL 4: GRIMUS' RECEPTIONSHISTORIE ................................................................. 41 4.1 Forventningshorisonten i England, 1975 ....................................................................... 41 4.1.1. Konsensus og fragmentering: samfundshistoriske fakta ........................................ 41 4.1.2. Det segmenterede bogmarked: en udfordring til Jauss? ........................................ 42 4.1.3. Realismens dominans............................................................................................. 44 4.1.4. Forventningshorisonten i 1975 .............................................................................. 45 4.2 1970erne: genrekritik ..................................................................................................... 46 4.2.1. England, 1975: et brud med horisonten ................................................................. 46 4.2.2. Frankrig, 1977: en receptionshistorisk blindgyde .................................................. 47 4.2.3. USA, 1979: på vej mod anerkendelse? .................................................................. 47 4.3 1980erne: kildekritik ...................................................................................................... 48 4.3.1. Midnight's Children og the Booker Prize .............................................................. 48 4.3.2. Første akademiske artikler om Grimus .................................................................. 48 4.3.3. Negativ kritik ......................................................................................................... 50 4.4 1990erne: søgen efter kontekst ...................................................................................... 51 4.4.1. Grimus som integreret del af Rushdies forfatterskab ............................................ 51 4.4.2. Postkolonialisme, feminisme og religion ............................................................... 52 4.4.3. Allegori og science fiction ..................................................................................... 53 4.4.4. Metafiktion og mytisk kontekst ............................................................................. 54 4.4.5. Multiplicitet og fortolkning .................................................................................... 55 4.5 Sammenfatning .............................................................................................................. 57 KAPITEL 5: KONKLUSIONER ............................................................................................ 60 5.1 Rushdies forfatterskab i forandring ............................................................................... 60 5.1.1. Rushdies produktion i 80erne og the Rushdie Affair ............................................. 60 5.1.2. Fra det politiske til det personlige: Rushdie i 90erne ............................................ 62 5.2. Grimus og Rushdies senere værker ............................................................................... 63 5.2.1. Fra det vidunderlige til det fantastiske ................................................................... 63 5.2.2 Årsager til Grimus' fiasko ....................................................................................... 65 5.2.3. Grimus' æstetiske og historiske værdi ................................................................... 65 5.3 En litteraturhistorisk konklusion .................................................................................... 66 NOTER .................................................................................................................................... 68 BIBLIOGRAFI ........................................................................................................................ 71 APPENDIX A:Interview med Liz Calder, fhv. redaktør ved Victor Gollancz, London, 25. maj 1999................................................................................................................................... 76 APPENDIX B: Tekst fra smudsbindet på Gollancz' udgave af Grimus .................................. 82 FORORD Min tid på Århus Universitet endte med, at jeg skrev speciale om Salman Rushdies debutroman Grimus (1975). Specialet findes i sin fulde længde nedenfor; jeg håber, det kan tjene som inspiration for andre Rushdie-studerende eller folk med interesse for litteraturreception og de mekanismer, der er involveret i fortolkning af og meningsdannelse i litterære værker. Det eneste, der er ændret i forhold til den trykte udgave, er notesystemet. Det trykte speciale fulgte den daværende praksis på Institut for Engelsk Filologi og brugte et let ændret Harvard- system, som jeg til denne udgave har ændret til "ren" Harvard. Specialet fremstår som sagt, som jeg afleverede det i marts 2000. Jeg har ikke rettet kommafejl (og dem er der mange af), lavet om på formuleringer eller foretaget andre redaktionelle ændringer. Teksten tager naturligvis heller ikke højde for artikler eller bøger om Grimus skrevet efter 2000 eller for Rushdies
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