DOCSLIB.ORG

Anaerobic Digestion of Submerged Macrophytes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anaerobic Digestion of Submerged Macrophytes DISSERTATION ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES —BIOCHEMICAL APPROACH FOR ENHANCING THE METHANE PRODUCTION— 2016 SOKA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING MITSUHIKO KOYAMA ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES —BIOCHEMICAL APPROACH FOR ENHANCING THE METHANE PRODUCTION— March 2016 MITSUHIKO KOYAMA SOKA UNIVERSITY Author: Mitsuhiko Koyama Title: Anaerobic digestion of submerged macrophytes —Biochemical approach for enhancing the methane production— Department: Environmental Engineering for Symbiosis Faculty: Engineering Degree: Ph.D. Convocation: March 2016 Permission is herewith granted to Soka University to circulate and copy for non- commercial purposes, at its discretion, the above title request of individual or institutions. We certify that we have read this dissertation and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering March 2016 DISSERTATION COMMITTEE Prof. Dr. Tatsuki Toda Prof. Dr. Shuichi Yamamoto Prof. Dr. Kiyohiko Nakasaki Contents page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS i ABSTRACT iii Chapter I GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1. Emerging issues of aquatic macrophytes 1 1.2. Harvesting of submerged macrophytes and treatment of the harvested phytomass 2 1.3. Anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass and enhancement of CH4 recovery 5 1.4. Objectives 7 Tables 9 Figures 10 ChapterⅡ CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTIBILITY OF FIVE SUBMERGED MACROPHYTE SPECIES DOMINANT IN LAKE BIWA 2.1. Introduction 16 2.2. Materials and methods 17 2.2.1. Substrates and inoculum 17 2.2.2. Batch anaerobic digestion of submerged macrophytes 18 2.2.3. Analytical parameters 19 2.2.4. Calculation 20 2.3. Results and discussion 21 2.3.1. Chemical composition of submerged macrophytes 21 2.3.2. CH4 production rate and CH4 yield 23 2.3.3. Relationship between CH4 recovery and lignocellulose content 25 2.4. Conclusions 27 Tables 29 Figures 33 ChapterⅢ EFFECT OF ALKALINE PRE-TREATMENT ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTIBILITY OF LIGNIN-RICH SUBMERGED MACROPHYTE 3.1. Introduction 39 3.2. Materials and methods 43 3.2.1. Substrates and inoculum 43 3.2.2. Hydrolysis test of submerged macrophytes using alkaline pre-treatment 43 3.2.3. Batch anaerobic digestion test of pre-treated macrophytes 44 3.2.4. Methanogenic and hydrolysis toxicity test of dissolved lignin 45 3.2.4.1. Lignin extraction and purification 45 3.2.4.2. Methanogenic and hydrolysis toxicity test 45 3.2.5. Analytical parameters 46 3.2.6. Calculations 48 3.2.7. Kinetic models 50 3.2.8. Statistical analysis 51 3.3. Results and discussion 51 3.3.1. Chemical component change of submerged macrophytes by alkaline pre-treatment 51 3.3.1.1. Hydrolysis efficiency 51 3.3.1.2. Lignocellulose composition 52 3.3.1.3. Lignin composition 55 3.3.2. Anaerobic digestion of thermochemically pre-treated submerged macrophytes and possible inhibitor 56 3.3.3. Influence of dissolved lignin on anaerobic digestion process 59 3.3.3.1. Chemical characteristics of purified dissolved lignin 59 3.3.3.2. Influence on methanogenesis 59 3.3.3.3. Influence on acidogenesis and hydrolysis 61 3.4. Conclusions 66 Tables 67 Figures 76 ChapterⅣ EFFECT OF ALKALINE PRE-TREATMENT ON SEMI-CONTINUOUS ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SUBMERGED MACROPHYTE 4.1. Introduction 92 4.2. Materials and methods 94 4.2.1. Substrates and inoculum 94 4.2.2. Semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of alkali pre-treated or un-treated P. maackianus 94 4.2.3. Analytical parameters 95 4.2.4. Fractionation of soluble organics and estimation of dissolved lignin/ humic substances in the digestate 96 4.2.5. Calculations 96 4.3. Results and discussion 97 4.3.1. pH and salinity variation in the digestate 97 4.3.2. Accumulation of dissolved lignin in the digestate 98 4.3.3. Effect of dissolved lignin on methane recovery in semi-continuous operation 99 4.3.3.1. Performance of semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of alkali pre-treated and un-treated P. maackianus 99 4.3.3.2. Inhibition and acclimatization against dissolved lignin 100 4.4. Conclusions 103 Table 105 Figures 106 ChapterⅤ GENERAL DISCUSSION 5.1. Economic and thermal balance assessment of alkaline pre-treatment 112 5.1.1. Scenario design 113 5.1.2. Recovery of CH4, electricity and thermal energy 115 5.1.3. Economic and thermal balance 116 5.1.3. Effect of electricity tariff of economic balance 116 5.1.3. Effect of species composition on economic and thermal balance 117 5.2. Further studies for more efficient anaerobic digestion of submerged macrophytes 118 5.2.1. Lignin recovery from alkali pre-treatment liquor prior to anaerobic digestion 118 5.2.2. Effect of seasons on the digestibility of submerged macrophytes 119 Tables 121 Figures 123 REFERENCES 127 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Professor Tatsuki Toda for all the guidance throughout my Ph.D. study and for his strict but warm hearted encouragement rendered in the completion of this dissertation. I sincerely appreciate for his tremendous academic support, as well as for giving me a lot of wonderful opportunities throughout this six years in his laboratory, especially Lake Biwa Project. I am also deeply thankful to my co-supervisor Professor Shuichi Yamamoto and Professor Kiyohiko Nakasaki for taking so much time for my dissertation and for their insightful comments and suggestions regarding the present study. I am grateful to Professor Syuhei Ban for his advice and guidance, especially during the application of research grant and implementation of research project. I appreciate to Dr. Kanako Ishikawa for the knowledge about submerged macrophytes and for heling harvest of macrophytes in Lake Biwa. I deeply appreciate to Mr. Chiaki Niwa for his professional advices and helpful suggestions, especially during experimental set-up and data analysis. I am thankful to Professor Satoru Taguchi, Professor Norio Kurosawa, Professor Tatsushi Matsuyama, Professor Junichi Ida, Associate Professor Shinji Sato, Dr. Norio Nagao, Dr. Keiko Watanabe, Dr. Minako Kawai, Dr. Kenji Tsuchiya and Dr. Shinichi Akizuki for their invaluable advice and support. I am sincerely grateful to Mr. Yuichi Ezawa for his guidance, support and invaluable discussion throughout the first three years of the laboratory life, especially during my experiments, writings and presentations. I also appreciate to Mr. Koichi Izumi and Mr. Nobuyuki Nakatomi for advices during writings and presentations. I deeply thank to all my seniors and friends belong to Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for their support, encouragement and friendship. Special thanks goes to Ms. Hiroyo Takee, Ms. Keiko Mizubayashi, Mr. Kiyoshi Nakamura, Mr. Masatoshi Kishi and Ms. Yukiko Sasakawa, for their encouragement and sharing the invaluable time throughout three to six years. I i am also grateful to Ms. Hiromi Joo, Mr. Nobuo Nakahashi, Mr. Kazuhiro Kaneda, Mr. Hideyuki Taira, Mr. Masaaki Fujiwara, Ms. Midori Goto, Mr. Naoki Mizuno and Mr. Tang Jau Jiun for assistance of my experiments. Many thanks to “University-Industry Joint Research” Project for Private Universities: matching fund subsidy from MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) 2009- 2013, “Environment Research and Technology Development Fund” from the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (4-1406), and Grant-in-Aid for Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Fellows (15J12677) for funding this research. I also appreciate to Hokubu Sludge Treatment Center, Lake Biwa Policy Division and Ohmi Environment Conservation Foundation for the donation of materials for the present study. I would love to thank my parents and sisters and friends for their support, trust and understanding. I could never have done this work without their support, understanding and love. Finally, I am sincerely grateful to the founder of Soka University, Dr. Daisaku Ikeda for his sincere trust, great expectation, heartwarming guidance and tremendous encouragement. ii ABSTRACT In recent decades, aquatic macrophytes including floating, emergent and submerged macrophytes have been excessively propagated and causing various environmental problems in lakes, dams and reservoirs worldwide. In the case of Japan, submerged macrophytes have been propagated and causing water stagnation, foul odor, fishing interference and landscape fouling. The treatment of harvested macrophytes is one of the largest concern, but the effective and low-cost treatment has not been established yet. Anaerobic digestion enables the recovery of bioenergy as methane gas from biomass with high moisture content. From this point of view, the application of anaerobic digestion has been receiving its attention for the effective alternative treatment. Anaerobic digestion has been employed to the treatment of wide variety of bio-wastes such as wastewater, food waste, animal manure, agriculture waste, and sewage sludge in commercial scale. In recent years, lignocellulosic biomass has been expected for the prospective feedstocks for biomethane recovery. Substrates with slow degradation rate and/or low methane recovery are generally regarded as unsuitable for anaerobic digestion. Hence, the improvement of biomass biodegradability is required for lignocellulosic biomass such as submerged macrophytes, in order to successfully apply anaerobic digestion treatment. The overall research aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to examine anaerobic digestion process of submerged macrophytes and to enhance the anaerobic digestibility by chemical pre-treatment. First, anaerobic digestibility of five dominant
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Updated Checklist of Aquatic Plants of Myanmar and Thailand
    Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1019 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1019 Taxonomic paper An updated checklist of aquatic plants of Myanmar and Thailand Yu Ito†, Anders S. Barfod‡ † University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand ‡ Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Corresponding author: Yu Ito ([email protected]) Academic editor: Quentin Groom Received: 04 Nov 2013 | Accepted: 29 Dec 2013 | Published: 06 Jan 2014 Citation: Ito Y, Barfod A (2014) An updated checklist of aquatic plants of Myanmar and Thailand. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1019. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1019 Abstract The flora of Tropical Asia is among the richest in the world, yet the actual diversity is estimated to be much higher than previously reported. Myanmar and Thailand are adjacent countries that together occupy more than the half the area of continental Tropical Asia. This geographic area is diverse ecologically, ranging from cool-temperate to tropical climates, and includes from coast, rainforests and high mountain elevations. An updated checklist of aquatic plants, which includes 78 species in 44 genera from 24 families, are presented based on floristic works. This number includes seven species, that have never been listed in the previous floras and checklists. The species (excluding non-indigenous taxa) were categorized by five geographic groups with the exception of to reflect the rich diversity of the countries' floras. Keywords Aquatic plants, flora, Myanmar, Thailand © Ito Y, Barfod A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • A Satellite-Based Assessment of the Distribution and Biomass of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Optically Shallow Basin of Lake Biwa
    Article A Satellite-Based Assessment of the Distribution and Biomass of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Optically Shallow Basin of Lake Biwa Shweta Yadav 1, Minoru Yoneda 1, Junichi Susaki 2, Masayuki Tamura 2, Kanako Ishikawa 3 and Yosuke Yamashiki 4,* 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615- 8540, Japan; [email protected] (S.Y.); [email protected] (M.Y.) 2 Department of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan; [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (M.T.) 3 Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Otsu 520-0022, Japan; [email protected] 4 Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-75-762-2080 Received: 15 July 2017; Accepted: 12 September 2017; Published: 18 September 2017 Abstract: Assessing the abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), particularly in shallow lakes, is essential for effective lake management activities. In the present study we applied satellite remote sensing (a Landsat-8 image) in order to evaluate the SAV coverage area and its biomass for the peak growth period, which is mainly in September or October (2013 to 2016), in the eutrophic and shallow south basin of Lake Biwa. We developed and validated a satellite-based water transparency retrieval algorithm based on the linear regression approach (R2 = 0.77) to determine the water clarity (2013–2016), which was later used for SAV classification and biomass estimation.
    [Show full text]
  • Differences in Phytoaccumulation of Organic Pollutants in Freshwater Submerged and Emergent Plants
    Environmental Pollution 241 (2018) 247e253 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environmental Pollution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envpol Differences in phytoaccumulation of organic pollutants in freshwater submerged and emergent plants Senrong Fan a, Hang Liu a, Guomao Zheng a, Yilin Wang b, Shuran Wang c, Yong Liu b, * Xueqin Liu c,YiWana, a Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China b Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China c State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China article info abstract Article history: Plants play an important role as sinks for or indicators of semivolatile organic pollutants, however most Received 7 December 2017 studies have focused on terrestrial plants and insufficient information has been obtained on aquatic Received in revised form plants to clarify the accumulation of organic pollutants via air-to-leaf vs. water-to-leaf pathways. The 16 May 2018 presence of p, pʹ-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p, pʹ-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 15 polycyclic Accepted 21 May 2018 aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 9 substituted PAHs (s-PAHs), including oxy-PAHs and sulfur-PAHs, in Available online 26 May 2018 10 submerged and emergent plants collected from Lake Dianchi was analyzed in this study. Relatively low concentrations of p, pʹ-DDE (ND to 2.22 ng/g wet weight [ww]) and HCB (0.24e0.84 ng/g ww) and Keywords: e e Aquatic plants high levels of PAHs (46 244 ng/g ww) and s-PAHs (6.0 46.8 ng/g ww) were observed in the aquatic fi Mesophyll morphology plants.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Water Pollution on the Phylogenetic Community Structure of Aquatic Plants in the East Tiaoxi River, China
    Received: 4 November 2018 | Revised: 8 October 2019 | Accepted: 6 November 2019 DOI: 10.1111/fwb.13451 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The effects of water pollution on the phylogenetic community structure of aquatic plants in the East Tiaoxi River, China Hironori Toyama1,2 | Kazuhiro Bessho3 | Liangliang Huang4 | Shun K. Hirota5,6 | Yuichi Kano6 | Keiko Mase2 | Tatsuro Sato6 | Akiyo Naiki7 | Jianhua Li8 | Yukihiro Shimatani9 | Tetsukazu Yahara2,6 1Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 2Center for Asian Conservation Ecology, Kyushu University, Motooka, Fukuoka, Japan 3Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan 4Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China 5Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki City, Miyagi, Japan 6Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society, Kyushu University, Motooka, Fukuoka, Japan 7Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Yaeyama-gun, Okinawa, Japan 8Key Laboratory of Water Environment in the Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 9Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan Correspondence Hironori Toyama, Center for Environmental Abstract Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National 1. Water pollution is one of the most serious aquatic environmental problems world- Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan. wide. In China, recent agricultural and industrial development has resulted in rapid Email: [email protected] changes in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we reveal the effects of water pollution on Funding information the phylogenetic community structure of aquatic macrophytes in the Tiaoxi River, JSPS grant for Global Center of Excellence China.
    [Show full text]
  • Potamogetonaceae (PDF)
    POTAMOGETONACEAE 眼子菜科 yan zi cai ke Guo Youhao (郭友好)1; Robert R. Haynes2, C. Barre Hellquist3, Zdenek Kaplan4 Herbs, perennial or annual, in fresh to brackish water, totally submerged or with floating leaves. Rhizomes present or absent. Stems elongated or shortened, terete to compressed, rarely strongly compressed. Leaves alternate or basal, occasionally opposite or subopposite; stipules free from leaves or adnate to leaf base and sheathing stems. Inflorescence a capitate spike, terminal or axillary. Plants monoecious; flowers small, bisexual. Perianth bractlike, free, present or absent. Stamens (1–)4; anthers sessile, (1 or)2-celled, extrorse, longitudinally dehiscent. Carpels (1–)4, free; ovule solitary. Fruit drupaceous. Embryo curved; endosperm absent. Three genera and ca. 85 species: cosmopolitan; two genera and 24 species in China. Guo Youhao & Li Qingyi. 1992. Potamogetonaceae (excluding Halodule, Phyllospadix, Posidonia, Ruppia, Syringodium, Triglochin, and Zostera). In: Sun Xiangzhong, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 8: 40–83. 1a. Submersed leaves with stipules free from leaf base, or if adnate then adnate portion less than 1/2 length of stipule; leaves submersed and floating or all submersed; submersed leaf blades translucent, not channeled, flattened; peduncle stiff, submersed or projecting above water surface ..................................................................... 1. Potamogeton 1b. Submersed leaves with stipules adnate to leaf blade for 2/3 or more length of stipule; leaves all submersed, blades opaque, channeled; peduncle lax, not projecting inflorescence above water surface ........................................... 2. Stuckenia 1. POTAMOGETON Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 126. 1753. 眼子菜属 yan zi cai shu Herbs, perennial or annual, in fresh or brackish water, totally submerged or with floating leaves. Stems terete to compressed, rarely strongly compressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Lake Biwa Macrophytes in Their Chemical Composition
    Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 91,J. 621-628 Jpn. Inst. (2012) Energy, Vol. 91, No. 7, 2012 621 Original Paper Characterization of Lake Biwa Macrophytes in their Chemical Composition Harifara RABEMANOLONTSOA, and Shiro SAKA （Received December 2, 2011） Macrophytes growing in Lake Biwa such as ofusa-mo (Myriophyllum aquaticum), sennin-mo (Potamogeton maackianus), okanada-mo (Egeria densa), kuro-mo (Hydrilla verticillata) and kokanada-mo (Elodea nuttallii) were characterized in their chemical composition in order to evaluate their potential as biorefinery feedstocks. As a result, cellulose and hemicellulose contents were found to be in a range, respectively, between 227 - 436 g/ kg and 88 - 194 g/kg, while lignin content was from 71 to 175 g/kg. In more detail, hemicelluloses were mostly composed of xylose, galactose, mannose and arabinose in relatively equal amounts, whereas lignin was composed of guaiacylpropane, syringylpropane and p-hydroxylphenylpropane moieties, while ash and protein were remarkably high to be 105-223 g/kg and 137-229 g/kg, respectively. Although inorganics as shown by ash might be a limitation in the utilization of the macrophytes as biorefinery feedstocks, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and protein are available as raw materials for the production of a wide range of value- added biobased products. Key Words Myriophyllum aquaticum, Potamogeton maackianus, Egeria densa, Hydrilla verticillata, Elodea nuttallii, Lake Biwa, Chemical composition 1. Introduction verticillata) as well as okanada-mo (Egeria densa) were also Biorefinery from terrestrial biomass feedstocks en- abundant in the basin 5). The large quantity of macrophytes countered problems related to food price and land use.
    [Show full text]
  • Exposure to Water Increased Pollen Longevity of Pondweed
    Evol Ecol (2010) 24:939–953 DOI 10.1007/s10682-010-9351-z ORIGINAL PAPER Exposure to water increased pollen longevity of pondweed (Potamogeton spp.) indicates different mechanisms ensuring pollination success of angiosperms in aquatic habitat Xiao-lin Zhang • Robert W. Gituru • Chun-feng Yang • You-hao Guo Received: 8 December 2008 / Accepted: 4 January 2010 / Published online: 22 January 2010 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 Abstract Pollen longevity in seven Potamogeton species representing different polli- nation systems (anemophily, epihydrophily and hydroautogamy) was assessed both under aerial condition and in contact with water to investigate how water impacts the sexual reproduction in these aquatic taxa. Stainability of pollen with MTT was considered as an indicator of pollen viability. The half-life of pollen longevity was calculated using expo- nential decay regression. Overall, pollen viability decreased relatively rapidly with time. Pollen grains of obligate anemophilic species had lower initial viability and shorter half- lives than those of facultative anemophilic species. Pollen in these latter species may take more time to reach the stigma. The pollen of Potamogeton may be categorized as partially hydrated pollen owing to its generally spherical shape and lack of furrows, rapid loss of viability, and fast pollen tube initiation. The half-life is positively correlated with pollen size. Smaller-sized grains are at greater risk of desiccation than larger grains. In contrast with the situation observed in most terrestrial angiosperms, contact with water increases pollen longevity in Potamogeton species. In our present study the half-lives of pollen longevity of Potamogeton species in which the pollen had come into contact with water (mean of 10.65 h) were markedly higher than those under aerial conditions (mean of 5.79 h, t = 2.622, P = 0.039).
    [Show full text]
  • Potamogetonaceae, Zosteraceae
    Flora Malesiana, Series I, Volume 16 (2002) 167-216 Potamogetonaceae, Zosteraceae, and Cymodoceaceae 1 C. den Hartog Nijmegen, The Netherlands & G. Wiegleb Cottbus, Germany) Introductionto thesea-grasses (C. den Hartog) In earlier papers the sea-grasses were classifiedwithin two families, the Potamogetona- and the As result of research of all of the ceae Hydrocharitaceae. a thorough genera order Helobiae (Alismatidae) by Tomlinson (1982), it has become evident that the very heterogeneous family Potamogetonaceae had to be split into a number of independent families. The sea-grasses which already had subfamily status, became families in their own right, the Cymodoceaceae the Zosteraceae and the Posidoniaceae (not in Malesia). , , The independence of these families is not contradicted by molecular genetical evidence (Les et al. 1997). According to the new vision the Potamogetonaceae are restricted to the genera Potamogeton, Groenlandia (not in Malesia), and Ruppia; however, there are of its molecular genetic indications that the latter genus may present a family own (Les et al. 1997). Therefore, and because of the comparable role in the vegetation of the dif- ferent introduction to in is here, with to the genera, an sea-grasses general given a Key different families and genera of sea-grasses. The phytochemistry of all these groups is given by R. Hegnauer. The few angiosperms that have penetrated into the marine environment, and are able to fulfiltheir vegetative and generative cycle when completely submerged, are generally known as sea-grasses. The name refers to the superficial resemblance to grasses, be- cause ofthe linear leaves of most of the species. In spite of the fact that the numberof sea-grass species is very small (only 60 to 65), they are of paramount importance in the coastal environment, where, when they occur, they generally form extensive beds.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Comparative Purification Efficiency of Two Species of Potamogeton (Submerged Macrophyte) in Wastewater Treatment
    International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013 1 ISSN 2250-3153 A Study of Comparative Purification Efficiency of Two Species of Potamogeton (Submerged Macrophyte) In Wastewater Treatment Parvaiz Ahmad Lone*, Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj **, Fayaz Ahmad Bahar*** * Department of Environmental Sciences and Limnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. ** Department of Botany, Government Narmada Post Graduate College Hoshanagbad, Madhya Pradesh, India. *** Faculty of Agriculture (FOA) Wadura Sopore, SKUAST-Kashmir, India. Abstract- In the balancing of lake ecosystem macrophytes play a organic matter in the lake from the catchment area. Macrophytic very important role. They have capacity to improve the water vegetation plays an important role in maintaining the ecosystem quality by absorbing nutrients with their effective root system of a lake. Various types of macrophytes viz. emergent, free and hence as Biofilters. Attempt was made in which samples of floating, submerged are generally observed in an aquatic two Potamogeton species viz. Potamogeton crispus and ecosystem where they play a very important role in improving Potamogeton pectinatus were collected during December 2008 to the quality of water since later is a prime natural resource, a basic April 2009 from three different sites of Upper Lake of Bhopal. human need and a precious natural asset. The nutrients including the phosphorus, potassium and sodium in Among the principal characteristics of macrophytes is their the plants were analysed and found to be high. Significant ability to accumulate nutrients and accelerate nutrient loading in correlations in phosphorus, potassium and sodium levels were the environment. Many aquatic plants utilize these nutrients and apparent between the tissues of two Potamogeton species which produce large amount of biomass which can be used for some were related to their life forms and to the limnological beneficial purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • An Account of the Species of Potamogeton L. (Potamogetonaceae)
    Folia Geobotanica 33: 241-316, 1998 AN ACCOUNTOF THE SPECIES OF POTAMOGETONL. (POTAMOGETONACEAE) Gerhard Wiegleb1) & Zdenek Kaplan2) 1) Department of General Ecology, BTU Cottbus, POB 10 13 44, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany; tel. +49 355 692291, fax +49 355 692291, E-mail [email protected] 2) Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-25243 Pruhonice, Czech Republic; fax +420 2 67750031, E-mail [email protected] Keywords:Descriptions, Hybrids, Key to species, Species list, Synonyms,Taxonomic problems Abstract:An accountof thetaxonomy of thegenus Potamogeton L. withspecial reference to speciesdescription and delimitationis presented.A key to the species is given, basedas far as possibleon vegetativecharacters. Detaileddescriptions are providedfor a total of 69 species which are regardedas sufficientlywell known. Specialemphasis is laid both on a completelist of relevantcharacters as well as on the judgementof their respectivediagnostic values. All importantsynonyms are listed allowingdirect access to most of the relevant taxonomicand floristicPotamogeton literature. 50 confirmedhybrids are listed andassigned to theirputative parentspecies. Questions with respectto the taxalisted are formulated in notes on each of the species.A more generalview and questionson futurePotamogeton research are summarizedin the conclusions. "It is to be regretted that we never arrive to the truth but through some mistake or another" (J.O. Hagstrom 1916) INTRODUCTION Since the days of GRAEBNER(1907) and HAGSTROM(1916) no comprehensivetaxonomic treatmentof the genus Potamogeton L. claiming worldwide validity has been carried out. The work of GRAEBNER(1907) was an attempt to compile all the known taxonomic and phytogeographicinformation about the genus, althoughP. Graebnerhimself never carriedout importanttaxonomic work on the genus Potamogeton.In contrast,J.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Title SATELLITE-BASED APPROACH for MONITORING and MAPPING
    SATELLITE-BASED APPROACH FOR MONITORING AND MAPPING THE SUBMERGED AQUATIC Title VEGETATION IN THE EUTROPHIC SHALLOW BASIN OF LAKE BIWA, JAPAN( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Yadav, Shweta Citation 京都大学 Issue Date 2017-09-25 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.k20694 Right 許諾条件により本文は2018-09-24に公開 Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion ETD Kyoto University SATELLITE-BASED APPROACH FOR MONITORING AND MAPPING THE SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION IN THE EUTROPHIC SHALLOW BASIN OF LAKE BIWA, JAPAN SHWETA YADAV 2017 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Professor Minoru Yoneda and also to Professor Yosuke Alexandre Yamashiki for their constant guidance and supervision throughout my doctoral research, which helped me to accomplish the task of my Ph.D. thesis. I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to Professor Tamura Masayuki, and Associate Professor Junichi Susaki for their immense support and valuable suggestions, which helped me to enhance my knowledge and understanding during my research. My gratitude extends to Professor Yoshihisa Shimizu for the constructive comments during my defense. Also thankful to Associate Professor Yoko Shimada for giving the much-needed suggestions during my research period. I owe my thanks to Dr. Kanako Ishikawa and other staff members from Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute (LBERI) for conducting the lake surveys with us and for sharing the information. Also grateful to Japan Water Agency (JWA) for providing the required data for research. I am thankful to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, for the financial support during my stay at Kyoto University.
    [Show full text]
  • JOURNAL of BOTANY a Study on Communities with Potamogeton
    Thaiszia - J. Bot., Košice, 12: 51-60, 2002 THAISZIA http://www.upjs.sk/bz/thaiszia/index.html JOURNAL OF BOTANY A study on communities with Potamogeton malaianus MIQ. in Poyang Lake Nature Reserve of People’s Republic of China 1 2,3 3 4 YUNPING HUANG , YUNHAI PU , WEI LI * & CHAO WANG 1 Wuhan Institute of Science and Technology Wuhan 430073 P. R. China; 2 Hubei Wildlife and Forest Plants Conservation Station, Wuhan 430079 P. R. China; 3 Laboratory of Aquatic Plant Biology, Wuhan Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China; tel.: +8627 87510140; fax: +86 27 87510251; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. 4 Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100092 P. R. China. HUANG Y. P., PU Y. H., LI W. & WANG CH. (2002): A study on communities with Potamogeton malaianus MIQ. in Poyang Lake Nature Reserve of People’s Republic of China. – Thaiszia – J. Bot. 12: 51-60. – ISSN 1210-0420. ABSTRACT: Due to its unique environmental and geological traits, Poyang Lake Nature Reserve in China was chosen for studying the characteristics of a Potamogeton community. The results were as follows: (1) two emergent and four submerged macrophytes were identified in the Potamogeton malaianus community, in which four growth forms (herbids, magnopotamids, parvopotamids, valli- sneriids) were classified. Potamogeton malaianus and Vallisneria spiralis L. possessed the highest (100%) frequency and the former also had the maximum dominance. (2) The horizontal structure of the community proved to be uniform rather than any zonation.
    [Show full text]