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1 La Depresión En Los Tiempos De Netflix: El Caso De LA DEPRESIÓN EN LOS TIEMPOS DE NETFLIX: EL CASO DE BOJACK HORSEMAN Y 13 REASONS WHY MARIA TATIANA MUTIS PARADA Trabajo de Grado para optar por el título de Comunicador Social Campo profesional Publicidad y Periodismo Director JUAN CARLOS RINCÓN ESCALANTE Bogotá, mayo 2020 1 Artículo 23, Resolución 13 de 1946: “La Universidad no se hace responsable por los conceptos emitidos por los alumnos en sus trabajos de grado, solo velará porque no se publique nada contrario al dogma y la moral católicos y porque el trabajo no contenga ataques y polémicas puramente personales, antes bien, se vean en ellas el anhelo de buscar la verdad y la justicia”. 2 Bogotá, 27 de mayo de 2020 Doctora Marisol Cano Decana Facultad de Comunicación y Lenguaje Bogotá D.C Apreciada Decana Me permito presentar mi trabajo de grado La depresión en los tiempos de Netflix, con el fin de optar al grado de comunicador(a) social con énfasis en publicidad y periodismo. En este trabajo me enfoco en el manejo responsable de contenido en los medios de comunicación, específicamente en el trato de a depresión en series de Netflix mediante la construcción de distintas matrices en las que se tomaban en cuenta la sintomatología depresiva, las recomendaciones de guías de estilo de manejo de salud mental y suicidio en medios de comunicación y los efectos de la forma de narración. Pretendo dejar herramientas para el análisis y construcción de contenido responsable sobre enfermedades mentales. Cordial saludo, Firma María Tatiana Mutis Parada 3 Decana Marisol Cano Busquets Facultad de Comunicación Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Estimada decana: Me complace presentarle la tesis titulada “La depresión en los tiempos de Netflix: el caso de BoJack Horseman y 13 Reasons Why”, presentada por la estudiante Maria Tatiana Mutis Parada para obtener el grado de Comunicadora Social. Esta tesis es un trabajo fascinante. Adopta una aproximación creativa a la pregunta por la comunicación, pues se encarga de preguntarse sobre las representaciones en series de ficción de una enfermedad mental y cómo los dispositivos narrativos que se emplean pueden (o no) influenciar positivamente y negativamente a quienes los ven. Mezclando las sensibilidades que tiene por la publicidad y el periodismo, Mutis hace una investigación rigurosa y un estudio de caso que da cuenta de los errores más comunes que se cometen cuando se intentan contar historias sobre la depresión. Utilizando un lente analítico construido a partir de guías médicas y del análisis del lenguaje, deja en evidencia todo lo que tenemos por mejorar al comunicar un asunto tan complejo. Se trata de una tesis titánica que implicó muchas horas de recolección de datos, sistematización, categorización y un pensamiento profundo sobre cómo presentarlo. El resultado, creo, es al mismo tiempo una guía y una provocación. Lo primero porque le da herramientas a los estudiantes y profesores para aproximarse al análisis profundo de productos comunicativos. Lo segundo porque nos pide ser mejores, más inteligentes y más empáticos en cómo hablamos de las enfermedades mentales. Cordialmente, Juan Carlos Rincón Escalante Profesor de Cátedra - Periodismo de Opinión Universidad Javeriana 4 Dedicatoria A DS, NB, JR, JV, MB, DR y SS, a todos aquellos que han sentido como esa tristeza profunda los inunda y a todos quienes tengan a estas personas en sus corazones. Manténganse fuertes. También va para los que quieran poner su granito de arena para esta causa. 5 Agradecimientos Gracias a mi mamá por recogerme cuando estaba hecha pedazos mientras hacía este trabajo y siempre, A mi papá por el apoyo incondicional que me brinda y por asegurarme siempre que todo va a estar bien, A Juan Carlos por darme una luz de claridad cada vez que la necesitaba, que fueron muchas A todos mis amigos que me escucharon y me apoyaron, Andrea, Daniel, Nicolás, Michael, Katte, Corzo, Jacob, Daniela, Juliana, Sofía, Paola, Laura, Daniela, Carlos, Carol, Valeria, Patricia, David y A todos los que me apoyaron en redes sociales cuando me quejaba. 6 Tabla de contenido 1. Introducción .............................................................................................................................. 9 2. Justificación ............................................................................................................................. 11 3. Objetivos ................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1. Objetivos General .......................................................................................................................14 3.2. Objetivos Específicos .................................................................................................................14 4. Marco Conceptual .................................................................................................................. 15 5. Marco Teórico ......................................................................................................................... 18 5.1. Depresión.......................................................................................................................................18 5.1.1. Definiciones ...................................................................................................................................................................18 5.1.2. Causas ...............................................................................................................................................................................19 5.1.3. Síntomas ..........................................................................................................................................................................20 5.1.4. Tratamientos .................................................................................................................................................................22 5.1.5. Suicidio.............................................................................................................................................................................23 5.2. Medios de comunicación ..........................................................................................................25 5.2.1. El poder de los medios en la concepción de la realidad ...........................................................................25 5.2.2. Depresión en medios de comunicación ...........................................................................................................26 5.2.3. Efecto Werther y efecto Papageno .....................................................................................................................29 5.3. Las series de Netflix que hablan de depresión ................................................................30 5.3.1. Bojack Horseman, creada por Raphael Bob-Waksberg en 2014. .........................................................31 5.3.2. 13 Reasons Why ..........................................................................................................................................................31 6. Marco Metodológico .............................................................................................................. 33 6.1. Tipo de estudio. ...........................................................................................................................33 6.2. Selección de series......................................................................................................................33 6.3. Selección de personajes. ..........................................................................................................34 6.4. Revisión de literatura sobre depresión .............................................................................34 6.4.1. Bases de datos ..............................................................................................................................................................34 6.4.2. Libros ................................................................................................................................................................................35 6.4.3. Guías clínicas .................................................................................................................................................................35 6.4.4. Películas y programas de televisión ..................................................................................................................36 6.4.5. Otro material audiovisual .......................................................................................................................................37 6.4.6. Entrevista con expertos ...........................................................................................................................................37 6.5. Análisis de la información .......................................................................................................37 6.5.1. Ver las series y seleccionar las escenas ............................................................................................................37 6.5.2. Listar criterios del estudio y calificación de los mismos. ........................................................................38 7. Resultados y Análisis ............................................................................................................ 44 7.1. La vida .............................................................................................................................................44
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